Concentrated Study in Educational Theatre The NYU Program in Educational Theatre provides concentrated study in three areas: I. II. III. Drama Education Applied Theatre – Community based initiatives Play Production for Artists and Educators By concentrated study, we mean areas of specialization in the broad field of educational theatre in which the program has particular expertise. Potential applicants to NYU, as well as current students, will find detailed descriptions of each concentration area enclosed. As well, a recommended reading is included for each section. We believe you will find these descriptions comprehensive and illuminating in that they cover the broad terrain of the program’s work. Nonetheless, these areas are not meant to delimit your focus, but rather they highlight those fields of study where we can offer the most support and where our reputation has been built. If you have any questions of how your area of interest fits into our concentrated study, or if your questions are not answered through the following descriptions, then please contact the appropriate academic advisors, or make an appointment with the program office to speak to an advisor over the phone or in person: Program Office Administration: ed.theatre@nyu.edu Phone: 212.998.5868 Ms. Julia Spanja: jbs263@nyu.edu BS (ETHR) Dr. Christina Marín: cm120@nyu.edu Mr. Joseph Salvatore: js1655@nyu.edu Dr. Nancy Smithner: ns23@nyu.edu MA (EDTA) MA (ETED) Mr. Joseph Salvatore: js1655@nyu.edu Dr. Nancy Smithner: ns23@nyu.edu MA (EDTC) Dr. Christina Marín: cm120@nyu.edu Ms. Desiree Hamburger: dph239@nyu.edu EdD/ PhD (EDTH/EDTC) Dr. Philip Taylor: pt15@nyu.edu ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 1 of 22 DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC AND PERFORMING ARTS PROFESSIONS PROGRAM IN EDUCATIONAL THEATRE JOSEPH AND VIOLET PLESS HALL 82 WASHINGTON SQUARE EAST, 223 NEW YORK, NY 10003-6680 TELEPHONE: 212.998.5868 FAX: 212.995.4569 EMAIL: ed.theatre@nyu.edu CONCENTRATED STUDY III: Play Production for Artists and Educators The Program in Educational Theatre provides many course offerings in the areas of Acting and Directing, Technical Theatre and Design, Theatre History and Criticism, and Dramaturgy and Dramatic Literature. We embrace the philosophy that in order to teach dramatic skills on the elementary, secondary and college level, a student must have a thorough understanding of acting techniques, a strong knowledge of dramatic literature, and an in depth comprehension of the workings and management of the stage. The Program also encourages a thorough grounding in theatre history and criticism, dramatic literature and dramaturgy. A suite of historical and theoretical courses provide a strong literary foundation in critical thinking and dramatic textual analysis. In addition to a range of classes in which students can develop performance and design techniques through practical coursework and delve into dramatic literature, they are encouraged to audition for four productions that are held each year. There are also many opportunities for students to participate in theatrical works in the capacities of director, producer, designer, dramaturg and playwright. Two productions a year are overseen by students, and offer them the chance to direct, write and produce either their own work, or the texts and performance concepts of well-known or new playwrights of both young and adult audiences. Graduates hold teaching and senior university posts worldwide; they develop artist in residency programs; they write and implement curriculum resources; and they lead ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 2 of 22 performance and production companies in urban and rural landscapes. Alumni hold notable positions as artists, educators, academics and producers. At NYU, baccalaureate through doctoral students study how they can effectively use dramatic knowledge and theatrical techniques to promote learning and create new and compelling productions in academic, professional and community settings. The Program is committed to developing future leaders and artist-practitioners who: • • • • Bring a strong knowledge of cultural and historical theatrical practices to schools and communities Develop a thorough knowledge of performance and staging techniques Comprehend the many angles of making, creating and assessing these practices Apply a rich variety of performance and production techniques in diverse contexts What are Theatrical Production, Performance, and Literary Foundations at NYU? The Program in Educational Theatre is committed to cultivating the artist who teaches and the teacher who is an artist. Through an extensive suite of production and performance-based courses, undergraduate and graduate students study and train in the art form of theatre. This training is fundamental for artists and teachers who want to use the theatre for educational purposes, as well as for those who want to pass on their craft to students. Through this course of study, production and performance values are linked to academic foundations through the study of theatrical styles and genres, dramatic literature, and theatre history and criticism. Students have countless opportunities to perform, direct, and design in a variety of studio settings. In acting classes, students perform scenes and monologues from classical and contemporary works and receive constructive feedback from instructors and peers. In directing courses, students cast and direct their peers, exploring their own directorial style and approach to creating material. Design courses (set, costume, and lighting) focus on developing the visual aesthetic of a production through the creation of models, drawings, renderings, and design plots. Students have the opportunity to create original plays and performance pieces in courses such as Physical Theatre, Creative Play in the Arts, and Seminar in Applied Theatre. Beyond coursework, students have the opportunity to participate in the Program’s production season, which consists of at least ten performance projects per year, some of which are in conjunction with the Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions. This production season allows students to apply what they are learning in their production and performance-based courses to the actual act of creating an original production. In the Program, faculty members direct two productions a year, and the Program’s student-run company, Theatrix!, presents two productions a year including a festival of new and experimental work and a fully-designed production. Students may also audition to participate in a touring company, Shakespeare to Go, which performs two plays in repertory to over 30 schools throughout the New York City metropolitan area. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 3 of 22 Each summer the Program also sponsors the Looking for Shakespeare project and The New Plays for Young Audiences, both at the historic Provincetown Playhouse. Looking for Shakespeare brings middle and high school students, NYU graduate students, and a professional production staff together to create an original adaptation of one of Shakespeare’s plays. The New Plays for Young Audience series provides students with the opportunity to work with leading playwrights to workshop four new plays for young audiences. Here are some specific examples of how performance and production are manifested in the Program in Education Theatre at NYU: • NYU undergraduate and graduate students create and perform a production of Bertolt Brecht’s Caucasian Chalk Circle at the Provincetown Playhouse. Many of the students have just finished the course, Theatre of Brecht and Beckett, where they have read plays and created production books. Audiences for the production include the NYU community, the New York community at large, and high school students from Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens. • The “Shakespeare to Go” ensemble performs Taming of the Shrew for 500 students at a high school in Brooklyn. After the performance the high school students invite the company to a birthday party for Shakespeare. One teacher reported, “You can show them a video, but they don’t care. Seeing it live makes it a totally different experience. They get it. They really get it.” • Eighteen students work with a faculty member to create an original performance collage called (m)BODY that explores moral, aesthetic and social aspects of body image. Many of these ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 4 of 22 students have taken Physical Theatre and Improvisation, learning acting techniques that focus on conveying meaning through physicality and creating original physical theatre performance pieces in pairs and groups. • Another faculty member collaborates with a playwright and seven students to create a new play, transfigured, that deals with a violent homophobic attack that occurred at a prep school in Massachusetts. Many of these students have taken Styles of Acting and Directing II, which, a special focus for the semester, has explored plays by and about gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people. The students performed and directed scenes from plays by Tennessee Williams, Tony Kushner, Paula Vogel, Lisa Kron, Moisés Kaufman, Diana Son, Holly Hughes, Craig Lucas, Tim Miller, and others. The course also examines how these playwrights have contributed to the canon, and how teachers can effectively convey these themes and relate them to work in their own classrooms. • Graduate students learn strategies for bringing stories to life theatrically in the courses Dramatic Activities in the Elementary Classroom, Introduction to Theatre for Young Audiences, and Storytelling, and then work with a faculty member to devise a piece for young audiences. The resulting show, Folktale Journey: Old Stories Told in New Ways, depicts stories from around the world through movement and music. Folktale Journey performs at the Provincetown Playhouse for the general public as well as to invited New York City elementary school students, and an accompanying resource guide for classroom teachers is created by NYU students involved in the project. Courses of Study Our comprehensive group of performance and production courses falls into four major categories: • • • • Acting and Directing Technical Theatre and Design Theatre History and Criticism Dramaturgy and Dramatic Literature ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 5 of 22 Acting and Directing The Acting Sequence provides a series of acting classes that offer a strong foundation in Stanislavski/Uta Hagen based method acting. Students begin by learning basic improvisational and acting skills, and build to explore scene study, monologue and character work and more advanced improvisational techniques. E17.1050 Acting: Fundamentals E17.1051 Acting: Scene Study E17.1052 Acting: Character Study This series of courses offer a foundation upon which to build the technique needed to do the actor’s job: to live truthfully under the imaginary circumstances of the play. In the first section of this Stanislavski/Uta Hagen based approach, Acting: Fundamentals, students participate in a guided study of self-observation and apply discoveries to scene work. In the second offering, Acting: Scene Study, students continue their exploration with in depth scene and monologue preparation from the contemporary stage. Studio work will focus on the given circumstances, creating a physical life for the character, and mining the relationships that drive the play. The third course, Acting: Character Study, provides an advanced exploration into the tools and techniques of creating character within the context of the “world of the play.” Through script analysis and attention to style, students will learn how to create the imaginary world in which the character lives. Scenes will be selected from both contemporary and classical genres. Texts that have been used for these courses include: Barrish, S. (2000) An Actor’s Companion: 99 Bits of Craft. TBG Publishing. Barton, R. (1992) Style for Actors. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. Bruder, M. (1986) A Practical Handbook for the Actor. Vintage. Chekhov, M. (1991) On the Technique of Acting. Collins. Cole, T & H. Chinoy, eds. (1995) Actors on Acting. Three Rivers Press. Hagen, U. (1991) A Challenge for the Actor. Scribner. Stanislavski, C. (1926, 1989) An Actor Prepares. Theatre Arts Books, Reprint Edition. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 6 of 22 The following performance courses are designed to develop skills and enhance knowledge of theatrical art forms. E17.1113 Physical Theatre Improvisation This course entails the study of the art of improvisation through the layering of words, sound and movement. There is focus on vocal and movement techniques and tools including atmosphere, imagery, gesture, isolation, abstraction, timing, rhythm, spatial awareness, character development, body graphics, and the theories of Yakim, Delsarte and Laban. The creation of original material will also be studied. Texts that have been used for this course include: Dennis, A. (1995) The Articulate Body: The Physical Training of the Actor. NY: Drama Books. Callery, D. (2001) Through the Body: A Practical Guide to Physical Theatre. NY: Routledge. Montanaro, T. (1995) Mime Spoken Here: The Performers Portable Workshop. Maine: Tilbury House. Wangh, S. (2000) An Acrobat of the Heart: A Physical Approach to Acting Inspired by the Work of Jerzy Grotowski. NY: Vintage. Yakim, M. (1990) Creating a Character: A Physical Approach to Acting. NY: Back Stage Books. Zaporah, R. (1995) Action Theatre: The Improvisation of Presence. CA: North Atlantic Books. E17.1108 Studies in Acting This intensive workshop course is designed to acquaint directors, actors, and teachers with the fundamental requisites of acting. Prominent theories are examined and practiced in monologue and scene study. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 7 of 22 Texts that have been used for this course include: Hagen, Uta. (1973) Respect for Acting. NY: Macmillan Publishers. Chekhov, M. (1991) On the Technique of Acting. NY: HarperCollins. E17.1099/1100 Styles of Acting and Directing I & II This is a course in performance styles and techniques for actors, director, designers, teachers, and those interested in the practical application of theatre history and criticism. Scenes and movement styles from period plays (Greek, Shakespearean, Neo-classical French, Restoration, Realism, and Departures from Realism) are studied, acted and directed. The course may also have a special focus such as queer theatre, commedia or Asian theatre. Texts that have been used for this course include: Barton, R, (1993) Style for Actors. CA: Mayfield. Crawford, J. (1995) Acting: In Person and in Style. WI: Brown and Benchmark. Harrop, J. (1990) Acting with Style. NJ: Prentice Hall. St. Denis, M. (1960) Theatre: The Rediscovery of Style. NY: Theatre Arts Books. E17.1108 Studies in Directing This intensive workshop course helps the student “think like a ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 8 of 22 director, as the head of a “creative committee.” Scenes or short pieces are prepared from the ground up and students explore and discuss every aspect of the director’s process, from inception to performance. For the novice directing student, this course provides an excellent introduction to the elements of the director’s craft. For the experienced director, it offers an opportunity to sharpen already existing skills and a chance to explore new techniques and methods within the rehearsal process. Texts that have been used for this course include: Chekhov, M. (1984) To the Director and Playwright. NY: Limelight. Cohen, R. and John Harrop. (1984) Creative Play Direction. NJ: Prentice Hall. Marowitz, Charles. (1998) “Otherness: the Director and the Discovery of the Actor,” New Theatre Quarterly 53, XIV, 1: 3-8. Shapiro, Mel. (1998) The Director’s Companion. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. E17.1081 Directing E17.2098 Advanced Directing These courses begin with a basic exploration of the directing process: working with actors, understanding a play in context, script analysis and dramatization, the dynamics of the stage, and the rehearsal process and organization. Students then move on to a mastery of directing in the following areas: communication with actors and writers, concept and vision, script analysis and interpretation, director/designer relationship, languages of the stage and the use of theatre space, production values and elements, and production/rehearsal organization. Through a discussion and exploration of performance aesthetics, original works are devised and directed. Texts that have been used for these courses include: Ahart, J. (2000) The Director’s Eye. Colorado Springs: Meriwether Publishing Ltd. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 9 of 22 Ball, W. (1984) A Sense of Direction. NY: Drama Book Publishers. Bogart, A. (2001) A Director Prepares. NY and London: Routledge. Brook, P. (1968) The Empty Space. NY: Simon & Schuster. Dean, A. and L. Carra. (1989) Fundamentals of Play Directing. NY: Holt Rinehart and Winston. Clurman, H. (1972) On Directing. NY: Simon and Schuster. Cole, T. and H. Chinoy. (1970) Directors on Directing. NY: Macmillan Publishers. Dixon, M. and Joel A. Smith, eds. (1995) Anne Bogart Viewpoints. NH: Smith and Kraus. Green, A. (1994) The Revisionist Stage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. LeNoir, N. "Improving Director/Dramaturg Collaboration," Voice of the Dramaturg: Journal of the Southeastern Theatre Conference, 3. Rees, M. & J. Staniunas. (2002) Between Director and Actor: Strategies for Effective Performance. NH: Heinemann. Schechner, R. (1994) Environmental Theatre. NY: Applause. Schneider, R. and G. Cody. (2002) Re:direction: A theoretical and practical guide. London and NY: Routledge. Technical Theatre and Design This strand of instruction focuses on developing skills in the technical areas of theatre production including design, construction, and execution. E17.0009 Stagecraft E17.1017 Design for the Stage E17.1079 Masks and Puppetry E17.1143 Stage Lighting E17.1175 Costume Design These practical courses explore theatre architecture, using tools, planning, building, painting, mounting scenery and constructing props in conjunction with university productions. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 10 of 22 Through a series of class projects in drafting, model making, and sketching, students will be exposed to the basics of stage, costume and lighting design. In the mask class, students will learn to make light-weight masks that can be used in performance. Character masks, comic masks, demonic masks, half masks, full face masks, giant heads, as well as basic hand puppet construction are explored. In this strand of coursework, students learn to work visually, in collaboration with directors and other designers, incorporating both historical and conceptual research into set design for both classical and contemporary plays. Students gain valuable hands on experience through laboratory hours in which they help build sets, run lights, create masks, puppets and make costumes for departmental productions. Texts for these courses might include: Aronson, A. (1985) American Set Design. Theatre Communications Group. Campbell, D. (2004) Technical Theatre. NY: Allworth Press. Gillette, J.M. (2004) Theatrical Design and Production: An Introduction to Scene Design and Construction, Lighting, Sound, Costume, and Makeup. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. Jones, R. (2004)The Dramatic Imagination: Reflections and Speculations on the Art of the Theatre. Theatre Arts Book. Pecktal, L. (1975) Designing and Painting for the Theatre. Harcourt School. Theatre History and Criticism The courses in this section provide grounding in theatre history and criticism, providing a historical and theoretical foundation that is designed to develop critical thinking and deepen understanding of dramatic textual analysis. E17.0050/51 Introduction to Educational Theatre I & II Undergraduate students are required to take this course as a preparatory experience in the Program. Evolutions of theatre styles, movements, genres and dramatic texts serve as a background to a preliminary investigation of the field of educational theatre. Drama in education strategies are used to engage students with course content, with a focus on absorbing and ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 11 of 22 accumulating historical knowledge to create a dynamic and stimulating teaching arena. Texts that have been used in this course include: Hartnoll, P. (1998) The Theatre: A Concise History. NY: Thames and Hudson. O’Neill, C. & Lambert, A. (1989) Drama Structures. London: Hutchinson. Taylor, P. (2000) The Drama Classroom: Action Reflection, Transformation. London: Routledge Falmer Worthen, W.B. (1995) The Harcourt Brace Anthology of Drama. Orlando: Harcourt, Brace & Co. E17.2021 Development of Theatre and Drama I & II E17.2103 World Drama Development of Theatre involves the study of the evolution of plays and production styles from the Greek Theatre to Elizabethan (first semester) and then Restoration Drama to Postmodernist Experimental Theatre. The history of theatre is viewed not merely through the lens of dramatic literature, but as theatre rising from particular political, social, and aesthetic contexts. Styles, genres and movements are viewed as performing art forms and reflections of human endeavors. World Drama explores the wealth of dramatic literature in eastern and western cultures. The relationship of drama to society and larger culture is examined. The relationship between form and idea, idea and action is explored, as well as close readings of texts in the framework of performance. A significant portion of the course focuses on the diversity of contemporary drama and current alternative American voices -- writers who are changing the future of American theatre. Emphasis is placed on writers of color, women, gay and lesbian authors. Texts that have been used in this course include: Bentley, Eric. (2002) The Psychology of Farce. Brockett, O. (2002) History of Theatre. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 9th Edition. Esslin, Martin. (2004) The Theatre of the Absurd. Vintage. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 12 of 22 Meisel, Martin. Melodrama. Miller, Arthur. Tragedy and the Common Man. E17.2087 American Theatre I & II An investigation of important writers, actors, directors, producers and educators in American theatre, and the changes they brought in dramatic forms and theatrical productions from the Colonial period to the 1920’s, and on to the present. Texts that have been used in this course include: Barlow, J, ed. (1985) Plays by American Women 1900-1930. NY: Applause. Gassner, J., ed. (2000) Best Plays of the Early American Theatre: 1787 -1911. NY: Dover. Hatch, J. & Shine, T. (1996) Black Theatre USA: Plays by African Americans. Free Press E17.1101 Musical Theatre: Background and Analysis E17.2063 American Musical Theatre: Background and Development These courses offer a historical and critical investigation of the origin and development of musical comedy; European and native influences; important lyricists, composers, performers and directors. Changes in the modern musical theatre; analysis of current Broadway and off-Broadway productions. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 13 of 22 E17.2023 Images of Women in Theatre This course is an exploration of the images of women in diverse styles of dramatic literature throughout theatre history. Women’s roles and contributions as subjects, authors, actors, critics, directors and performance artists will be investigated, as well as concepts of feminist theory, race, gender and interpretations of the male gaze. Texts that have been used in this course include: Austin, G. (1990) Feminist Theories for Dramatic Criticism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Barlow, J., ed. (1985) Plays by American Women 1900-1930. NY: Applause. Case, S. (1988) Feminism and Theatre. NY: Routledge. Chinoy, H. & Linda J., eds. (1987) Women in American Theatre. NY: Theatre Communications Group. Ferris, L. (1989) Acting Women: Images of Women in Theatre. NY: NYU Press. Roth, M. (1983) The Amazing Decade: Women and Performance Art in America 1970 1980. Los Angeles: Astro Arts. Sullivan, V. & J. Hatch, eds. (1974) Plays By and About Women. NY: Random House. E17.2091 Dramatic Criticism I & II ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 14 of 22 This course entails a historical and theoretical examination of the major themes of dramatic criticism from the ancient Greeks through the Renaissance, Neo-classism, Romanticism, and the postmodern age. There is an application of major dramatic theories to plays throughout history, as well as exploration of dramatic structure, play analysis and dramatic appreciation. Dukore, B. (1974) Dramatic Theory and Criticism. TX: Holt, Rinehard & Winston. Carlson, M. (1993) Theories of the Theatre. NY: Ithaca. Strunk, W. & White, E.B. (2000) (latest edition) The Elements of Style. Longman. Dramaturgy and Dramatic Literature In this suite of courses students are able to explore classical and contemporary repertoire for a diverse community of theatre makers and audiences. E17.1005/1006 Introduction to Theatre for Young Audiences I and II Students will consider play and audience analysis, directing methods, and production techniques for theatre for young audiences. Each student plans a complete children's theatre production. Field trips and guest speakers are scheduled, and students participate in Program in Educational Theatre productions. Texts that have been used for this course include: Harris, A. (1964) Androcles and the Lion. Anchorage Press. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 15 of 22 Jennings, C. ed. (2005) Theatre for Young Audiences: 20 Great Plays for Children. St. Martin’s Griffin. E17.1057 Masters of Modern Drama This course will trace the development of different styles of Western drama from Ibsen to the present day, paying special attention to realistic and non-realistic approaches. Playwrights studied have included Strindberg, Chekhov, Brecht, Churchill, Miller, Williams, Fornes, Shepard, Beckett, Mamet, Wilson, Wallace, Genet, Shange, and others. Texts that have been used in this course include: Addison, S.B. (2000) Types of Drama. Longman. Clurman, H. (1981) Nine Plays of the Modern Theatre. Grove Press. E17.1105 Beginning Playwriting E17.2106 Advanced Playwriting Students will study the principles and methods of playwriting. In Beginning Playwriting, several short writing assignments are required, as well as the completion of a one-act play. In Advanced Playwriting each student writes a full-length play. Scripts will be read and discussed in class, along with analysis of other works. The courses are conducted in a workshop format concentrating as much as possible on the writing of class members. Texts that have been used for these courses include: McLaughlin, Buzz. (1997) The Playwright’s Process. Back Stage Books. The following graduate courses examine specific genres, playwrights and styles of theatre, and how they have contributed to theatre history and dramatic literature throughout time. E17.2068 Farce and Comedy in the Theatre E17.2131 Theatre of Eugene O’Neill E17.2177 Theatre of Brecht and Beckett E17.2171/2172 Shakespeare’s Theatre I and II The latter is a practical approach to presenting Shakespeare on the stage or in the classroom. The class will ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 16 of 22 examine historical and contemporary approaches to the material, and will address special problems in producing Shakespeare’s plays for college, high school and community theatres. Special emphasis placed on directorial approaches, actor coaching, and dramaturgy. E17.2152 Theatre Practices: Problems in Play Production Students will work with the playwrights and directors of the "New Plays for Young Audiences" series, attend rehearsals, and follow in the step-by-step procedures of bringing new scripts to life. This practical course, designed for teachers, directors, playwrights, and play producers, gives particular attention to script selection, play analysis and rehearsal techniques. Texts for this course might include: Cohen, E. (1988) Working on a New Play: A Play Development Handbook for Actors, Directors, Designers, and Playwrights. New York: Limelight Editions. Swortzell, L. (2000) Theatre for Young Audiences: Around the World in 21 Plays. New York: Applause Books. E17.1000 Independent Study E17.2300 Independent Study E17.2301 Practicum in Educational Theatre Undergraduate students and graduate students can register for these Independent Study courses and complete an independent research project. Graduate students can register for the Practicum and complete an internship, a practical project in theatre production, or a culminating experience in teaching artistry, curriculum development, or Applied Theatre. All projects are supervised by a faculty member in the Program in Educational Theatre. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 17 of 22 Selected Reference List in Play Production for Artists and Educators Ackroyd, Judith. (2004) Role Reconsidered. Stoke on Trent, UK: Trentham Books. Addison, S.B. (2000) Types of Drama. Longman. Ahart, J. (2000) The Director’s Eye. Colorado Springs: Meriwether Publishing Ltd. Aristotle. (1996) Poetics. Harvard University Press, Hardcover edition. Aronson, A. (1985) American Set Design. Theatre Communications Group. Austin, G. (1990) Feminist Theories for Dramatic Criticism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Ball, W. (1984) A Sense of Direction. NY: Drama Book Publishers. Barlow, J. ed. (1985) Plays by American Women 1900-1930. NY: Applause. Barrish, S. (2000) An Actor’s Companion: 99 Bits of Craft. TBG Publishing. Barton, R. (1992) Style for Actors. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. Beckerman, Bernard. (1990) Theatrical Presentation. NY: Routledge. Bentley, Eric. (2002) The Psychology of Farce. Boal, Augusto. (1985) Theatre of the Oppressed. New York: Theatre Communications Group. ---. (2002) Games for Actors and Non-actors. Routledge. Bogart, A. (2001) A Director Prepares. NY and London: Routledge. Bowell, Pamela & Brian S, Heap (2002) Planning Process Drama. London: David Fulton Publishers. Brockett, O. (2002) History of Theatre. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 9th Edition. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 18 of 22 Brook, P. (1968) The Empty Space. NY: Simon & Schuster. Bruder, M. (1986) A Practical Handbook for the Actor. Vintage. Callery, D. (2001) Through the Body: A Practical Guide to Physical Theatre. NY: Routledge. Campbell, D. (2004) Technical Theatre. NY: Allworth Press. Carlson, Marvin. (1993) Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present. Cornell University Press. Case, S. (1988) Feminism and Theatre. NY: Routledge. Chekhov, Michael. (1991) On the Technique of Acting. New York: HarperCollins. ---. (1991) On the Technique of Acting. HarperCollins. ---. (1984) To the Director and Playwright. NY: Limelight. Chinoy, H. & Linda J., eds. (1987) Women in American Theatre. NY: Theatre Communications Group. Clurman, H. (1981) Nine Plays of the Modern Theatre. Grove Press. ---. (1972) On Directing. NY: Simon and Schuster. Cohen, Edward. (1988) Working on a New Play: A Play Development Handbook for Actors, Directors, Designers, and Playwrights. New York: Limelight Editions. Cohen, R. and John Harrop. (1984) Creative Play Direction. NJ: Prentice Hall. Cole, T & H. Chinoy, eds. (1995) Actors on Acting. Three Rivers Press. ---. (1970) Directors on Directing. NY: Macmillan Publishers. Crawford, J. (1995) Acting: In Person and in Style. WI: Brown and Benchmark. Dean, A. and L. Carra. (1989) Fundamentals of Play Directing. NY: Holt Rinehart and Winston. Dennis, A. (1995) The Articulate Body: The Physical Training of the Actor. NY: Drama Books. Dixon, M. and Joel A. Smith, eds. (1995) Anne Bogart Viewpoints. NH: Smith and Kraus. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 19 of 22 Dukore, Bernard. (1974) Dramatic Theory and Criticism. TX: Holt, Rinehard & Winston. Esslin, Martin. (2004) The Theatre of the Absurd. Vintage. Ferris, L. (1989) Acting Women: Images of Women in Theatre. NY: NYU Press. Gallagher, Kathleen & David Booth (2003) How Theatre Educates. Toronto: U of Toronto Press. Gassner, J. ed. (2000) Best Plays of the Early American Theatre: 1787 -1911. NY: Dover. Gillette, J.M. (2004) Theatrical Design and Production: An Introduction to Scene Design and Construction, Lighting, Sound, Costume, and Makeup. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. Green, A. (1994) The Revisionist Stage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Grotowski, Jerzy (1975) Towards a Poor Theatre. London: Methuen. Hagen, Uta. (1973) Respect for Acting. NY: Macmillan Publishers. ---. (1991) A Challenge for the Actor. Scribner. Harris, A. (1964) Androcles and the Lion. Anchorage Press. Harrop, J. (1990) Acting with Style. NJ: Prentice Hall. Hartnoll, P. (1998) The Theatre: A Concise History. NY: Thames and Hudson. Hatch, J. & Shine, T. (1996) Black Theatre USA: Plays by African Americans. Free Press. Jennings, C. ed. (2005) Theatre for Young Audiences: 20 Great Plays for Children. St. Martin’s Griffin. Johnstone, Keith. (1979) Improv: Improvisation and the Theatre. Theatre Arts Books. Jones, R. (2004) The Dramatic Imagination: Reflections and Speculations on the Art of the Theatre. Theatre Arts Books. Kitto, H.D.F.(1959) Form and Meaning in Drama. London: Methuen. LeNoir, N. "Improving Director/Dramaturg Collaboration," Voice of the Dramaturg: Journal of the Southeastern Theatre Conference, 3. ED THEATRE CONCENTRATION AREAS Page 20 of 22 Linklater, Kristin. (1992) Freeing Shakespeare’s Voice. New York: Theatre Communications Group. Marowitz, Charles. (1998) “Otherness: the Director and the Discovery of the Actor,” New Theatre Quarterly 53, XIV, 1: 3-8. McCaslin, Nellie. Creative Drama in the Classroom and Beyond. ---. ed. (1981) Children and Drama. New York: Longman. McLaughlin, Buzz. (1997) The Playwright’s Process. Back Stage Books. Meisel, Martin. Melodrama. Miller, Arthur. Tragedy and the Common Man. Montanaro, T. (1995) Mime Spoken Here: The Performers Portable Workshop. Maine: Tilbury House. O’Neill, C. & Lambert, A. (1989) Drama Structures. London: Hutchinson. Pecktal, L. (1975) Designing and Painting for the Theatre. Harcourt School. Rees, M. & J. Staniunas. (2002) Between Director and Actor: Strategies for Effective Performance. NH: Heinemann. Roth, M. (1983) The Amazing Decade: Women and Performance Art in America 1970 1980. Los Angeles: Astro Arts. 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