Developing A Stormwater Asset Inventory
– A Practical Experience In Implementing
MS 1759
By
Assoc Prof Sr Mohamad Nor Said1
Mohamad Ghazali Hashim1
Kamarul Azlan Mohd Nasir2
1
Faculty of Geoinformation Science & Engineering
2 Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
28 June 2010
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Outline
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Background
Stormwater Asset Inventory
Feature & Attribute Coding
Issues
Suggestions
Conclusion
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
Natural Disaster: A Lesson For Future
Development Planning
• Development patterns greatly impact the
existence & function of natural systems;
e.g. rivers
• Destruction can pose risks to life and
property & greatly increase the cost of
development
• Johor flooding (Dec 2006 & Jan 2007)
• public facility damages: RM 1.5 billion
• Iskandar Malaysia - downfall: 350mm
(2006); 400mm (2007)
• Very important to understand the
interrelationship of urbanization and
natural, economic and cultural resources
• Many agencies are now very concerned on
how to deal with stormwater in a manner
which is healthier, safer, and more in
balance with the natural environment
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
Stormwater Asset Inventory
 Part of (core component) JPS’s ‘Detailed
Design
of
Stormwater
Management
Facilities’ projects:
- Senai; Kulai; Pandan;
Buntan; Rinting
Tmn
Anggerik;
 Mainly to tackle flash floods
 A similar development for ‘Flood Mitigation
Master Plan Study For WPI’ (Iskandar
Malaysia):
- Sg Skudai, Sg Pulai, Sg Pendas, Sg
Melayu, Sg Masai, Sg Kim Kim, Sg Kong
Kong
 To develop using GIS
 To conform/ comply with MS 1759 : 2004
 Assets:
- Waterways: rivers/ drains
- Structures: bridges; culverts; weirs; tidal
gauge; barrage; garbage traps; drop
structures; outfalls; sewage treatment plants
(STP)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
Stormwater Management For Healthier, Safer & More Balanced
With Natural Environment
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
River
 Feature: Inland Water
 A relatively large natural stream of water
 Associated Attributes:
• Structure (Riverbank Protection Type)
• Reserve
Drain
 Feature: Inland Water
 A channel that carries away storm water
to control flooding
 Associated Attributes
• Category (e.g. main; roadside)
• Structure (e.g. outfall; culvert)
• Usage (flood mitigation)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Bridge
 Feature: Land Transportation
 A structure erected over a depression or an
obstruction such as river, road or railway and
having a passageway which allows traffic to cross
from one side to the other
 Associated Attributes:
Bridge – Road Crossing
Bridge – Railway Crossing
•
•
•
•
Crossing Category (Road/ Railway/ Pedestrian)
Material
Abutment Type
Size (width/ length)
Bridge – Pedestrian Crossing
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Culvert
 Feature: River Structure
 A transverse drain or waterway structure that
crosses beneath a road, railway, canal or through
an embankment by means of a pipe or enclosed
 Associated Attributes:
• Material
• Geometry Type
• Size
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Outfall
 Feature: Shoreline Structure
 A structure extending into a body of water for
the purpose of discharging sewage, storm
runoff, or cooling water
 Associated Attributes:
• Source (e.g. residential; industrial;
oxidation pond)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Weir
 Feature: River Structure
 A barrier constructed to control the flow or
raise the level of water
Pond
 Feature: Inland Water
 An open body of water smaller than a lake
which is either naturally formed or man
made
 Associated Attributes:
• Type (e.g. detention; wastewater/
oxidation)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Sewage Treatment Plant
 Feature: Sewerage
 Site that contains facilities for treating
sewage
 May introduce outfall into river
 Associated Attributes:
• Type (e.g. communal septic tank;
oxidation pond)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Trap Boom (Garbage Trap)
 Feature: River Structure
 Barrier across a river in an urban area to
trap floating rubbish for collection and
disposal
 Associated Attributes:
• Type (e.g. screen)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
MS 1759: 2004
MS 1759
• Provides specification: data producers and
users may exchange digital spatial data
• Minimize duplication of effort in database
development
• Describes encoding of real world: in terms
of features and attributes
• Features - real world objects; attributes –
properties/ characteristics associated with
objects
• 12 feature categories:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Aeronautical
Built Environment
Demarcation
Geology
Hydrography
Hypsography
Soil
Transportation
Utility
Vegetation
Special Use (Dataset Specific)
General
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
MS 1759: 2004
MS 1759 – Organization of Feature & Attribute Codes
Major Category
Example of Feature Code (1):
Inland Water HH0040 - River
Example of Feature Code (2):
River Structure HJ0020 – Riverbank Protection
Subcategory
Example of Attribute Code:
Riverbank Protection Type (RPT)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
MS 1759: 2004
MS 1759 – Example of Coding River Structure (1)
Example: River Structure HJ0020 – Riverbank Protection
Example: Riverbank Protection Type (RPT)
Example: Riverbank Protection Type (RPT)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
MS 1759: 2004
MS 1759 – Example of Coding River Structure (2)
Example
Feature
: Bridge
Feature Category
: Transportation (T)
Feature Sub-Category
: Land (TA)
Feature Code
: TA0240
Attribute Code
: BAT 2 [Bridge Abutment Type = Retaining Wall]
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
Methodology
 Preliminary Study
• Site Investigation
 Database Design
• Identification of Map Layers
• Recognition of Attributes – Coded &
Non-coded Attributes
• Creation Of Master Data List
 Database Development
• Compilation and Conversion of
Existing Data
• Field Data Verification and Collection
• Coordinate Transformation
• Attribute (Non-coded) Data Entry
 Feature Coding
• Code Assignment (Entry): Feature &
Attribute Codes
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
The Use of Aerial Photograph
– e.g. Anak Sg Skudai (Senai)
River Catchment – e.g. Sg Senai
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
Field Data Collection/ Updating/ Verification
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
The Inventory Database
Main Datasets
 Rivers (banks)
 Drain (open/ covered)
 Bridges (roads/ railways/ abutment)
 Culverts (single/ double/ circular/ box)
 Weir
 Barrage
 Tidal Gate
 Garbage Trap
 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
 Outfalls (source)
 Pond (detention/ wastewater)
Other (Supporting) Datasets
 Catchment boundary
 Landuse (e.g. residential, commercial,
industrial, agricultural)
 Roads (main and local)
 Highways
 Railway
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
Data Sources
 Existing topographic maps (hard &
digital copies)
 Aerial photographs
 Google Earth satellite images
 Surveyed detailed drawings
 JPBD’s local plan
 Global Positioning System (GPS)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
Stormwater Feature & Attribute Codes
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
Supporting Datasets: Feature & Attribute Codes
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
Supporting Datasets: Feature & Attribute Codes
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
 Currency of Data
• Features may have changed in
position due to development
• How frequent checking is or
supposed to be made
• As-built data should be made
available for database updating
• Any maintenance should be
recorded – and hence database
updated
• Effect: feature & attribute codes;
previously ‘earth drain’ could
have now been ‘concrete drain’
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
 Identification/ Recognition of Features
• Textual description sometimes does not
provide clear definition; photograph/
picture may help
• Ordinary GIS operators may not be able
to accurately code certain features; may
be better done or assisted by hydrology
experts
• Example: ‘drop structure’
“a manmade structure, typically small and built on
minor streams, to pass water to a lower elevation
while controlling the energy and velocity of the
Drop Structure
water as it passes over”
• Some features not in the list – needs
regular revision of MS document
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
 Feature Representation
• A particular reference to linear
features
Concrete/ Well Guard
Non-Protected/ Earth
• Single versus double line – e.g.
different protection types of
riverbank sides
- One side: Concrete/ Well guard
- Another side: Non-protected/
Earth
• Creation of different records (two
lines instead of one) will introduce
error in measurement (e.g.
summation of length of a river)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
 Confusion In Feature Category
• A particular reference to Landuse dataset
• Demarcation vs Transportation
• E.g. Road Reserve Area (Demarcation) vs Road (Transportation)
Case 1: Feature seen as a land area for road (Road Reserve)
Category: Demarcation
Case 2: Feature seen as usage (Road)
Category: Transportation
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
 Confusion In Feature Sub-Category
• Inland Water (HH) vs River Structure (HJ)
• Example:
- A river is classified as an Inland Water SubCategory (coded as HH0040)
- When riverbank is to be coded, the subcategory has to be River Structure (coded
as HJ0020)
- A river segment cannot have two feature
codes
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
 Attribute Codes May Be Redundant
• Feature code already represents a particular attribute
• Example:
- Category: Built Environment
- Feature Code: BA0010 (Residential Building)
- Attribute Code: ZOC 1 (Zoning Category: Residential)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Suggestions
 Feature definition to be made both in textual & pictorial
forms – to help users more accurately recognizing the
features
 The MS should be made more flexible to cater for a general
mapping purposes as opposed to more detailed ones;
Example:
1. general landuse map (with attribute of landuse category)
2. a more detailed/ specific landuse (e.g. residential
building with its own attributes)
 Review for any duplication between Feature Code and the
Attribute Code of a particular feature
 Produce a standard template of database schema for a
particular application (e.g. one for JPS, JPBD, etc.)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Conclusion
 Enforcing consultants to develop geospatial feature
inventory (with MS1759 compliance) as part of project TOR
is one (right) way to implement standard feature coding
 Accurate feature identification/ recognition is very important
to ensure the reliability of assigned codes – field (hands-on)
experience is advantageous
 Inclusion of feature characteristics (as detailed out in MS
1759 guideline) in surveyor’s detailed drawing helps;
surveyors should be made aware and play more roles
 A thorough study may be necessary to investigate various
issues related to practical implementation of MS 1759
 Issue on data currency should be parallelly resolved to
ensure the integrity of the database (that comes with feature
and attribute codes)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Thank You…
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS