Class II Division 2 Occupancy Sensors
Presented on October 15, 2012 by:
James Fisher
Michael Gazda
Russell Gee
JoAnne Hitchcock
Gledi Progonati
Christopher Zannoni
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Team Members
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•
•
•
•
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Chris Zannoni (ECE, CompE)
Gledi Progonati (ECE)
JoAnne Hitchcock (ECE)
Advisors
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•
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Dr. George Lykotrafitis (ME)
Dr. Sung Yeul Park (ECE)
Sponsered By Sensor Switch
Russell Gee (Eng Phys)
James Fisher (ME)
Michael Gazda (ME)
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Agenda
1. Occupancy Sensor Technology
2. Hazardous Environment Classification
3. Design Considerations
4. Budget
5. Timeline
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
What are Occupancy Sensors?
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Occupancy Sensor Technology
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PIR-Passive Infrared
•
•
Cannot "see" through materials,
including glass
Multiple individual beams look at the
area
•
•
•
Two (or more) consecutive beams detect a
difference in temperature
Signal sent to indicate occupancy
Microphonics
•
Microphones pick up sound to indicate
continued occupancy without
movement
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Occupancy Sensor Technology
Line
Voltage
Manual Switch
Relay and
Power Supply
for Sensor
Sensor Power
(Low Voltage<200 mW)
Control Signal
Sensor
Luminaire
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Why use Occupancy Sensors?
Energy Savings
Electricity Bill Savings
Convenience
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Hazardous Environments
Class
I
II
1
Gas frequently present
Dust frequently present
2
Gas present abnormally
Dust present abnormally
Div
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Groups of Hazardous Dusts
Group E: Metal dusts (conductive, and explosive) (resistivity <100 kΩ/cm)
Aluminum
Calcium Silicide
Titanium
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Groups of Hazardous Dusts
Group F: Carbon dusts (some are conductive, and all are explosive) (100 kΩ/cm <
resistivity <100 MΩ/cm)
Carbon Black
Charcoal (Activated)
Asphalt
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Groups of Hazardous Dusts
Group G: Flour, starch, grain, combustible plastic or chemical dust (explosive)
(resistivity >100 kΩ/cm)
Flour
Grain (Dust Cloud)
Cinnamon
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Design Restrictions: Inherent
Safety
•Intrinsic Safety limits energy in device, removing
possibility of ignition
• Cheap
• Lower installation cost
• Universally accepted
•What makes a circuit intrinsically safe?
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Intrinsic Safety
•Composed of Simple apparatues
• Passive components that store no, or little energy
• Ignition curves
•Temperature limitations
•Energy limiting barrier (Zener Barrier)
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Ignition Curves for Resistive Circuits
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Ignition Curves for Capacitive Circuits
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Ignition Curves for Inductive Circuits
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Temperature Regulations
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Electrical Barriers
Line
Voltage
Relay and
Power Supply
for Sensor
Sensor
Zener diode barrier
Manual Switch
Luminaire
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Enclosure Considerations
o
Dust ignition proof:
o
OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) standard
“The apparatus is enclosed in a manner that will exclude ignitable amounts of
dusts and will not permit arcs, sparks or heat generated or liberated inside
the enclosures to cause ignition of exterior dust accumulations on the
enclosure or of atmospheric dust suspensions in the vicinity of the
enclosure.”
-(National Electric Code)
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Enclosure Considerations
o Enclosure material must meet certain requirements:
• Corrosion Resistance
• Wireless communication restriction due to
transmissibility of metals
• Raceways/conduit must be made of metal or PVC and
must be sealed
• Wires must be supported to eliminate tension in wire
• Low heat transfer, thermal conductivity
• Crucial to prevent combustion
• Dust layers/clouds can ignite due to heat transfer
from components enclosed in the box
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
20
Enclosure Considerations
•
List of Class II, Division 2 dusts with the lowest
ignition temperatures
Class II Div. 2 Combustible
Dusts
Group
Min. Ignition Temp.
(°C)
Sevin
G
140
Ferbam
G
150
Violet 200 Dye
G
175
Soy Flour
G
190
Sulfur
G
220
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
21
Cost Considerations
o Cost (< $430-$1200 based on money saved in 3 years)
• Cheapest material that meets requirements
• Material with lowest production cost
• Injection mold plastics
• Low installation cost
• Enclosure design should limit installation time
• Reduce installation cost
• Reduce overall cost of final product
• Low component cost
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Budget
$9-11k for M.E.
Wireless
Modules, $20
Relays, $2
$1k for ECE
Barriers, $30
Connectors,
$10
3D Printing,
$75
PCB Printing,
$75
Code Books,
$170
• 3D printing
• Barriers (Phy,Elec.)
• Relays
• Communication Modules
• Connectors/Receptacles
• Production PCB's
• Testing ? (Could be large amount)
• Documentation (Manuals, Codes)
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Timeline
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
Please visit our website to follow the project and for more info
(link on main ECE senior design page, Team 166)
Questions?
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References
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"Cinnamon Spice." Cinnamon-spice Has Very Unique Healing Abilities You Want to Be Aware Of! Natures Health Foods, n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.natures-health-foods.com/cinnamon-spice.html>.
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"Energy Efficiency | Outside the Box Construcion." Outside the Box Construction, 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.outsidetheboxconstruction.com/energyefficiency.html>.
"Exposure to Mold and Dust in Grain." Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Iowa State University, 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.extension.iastate.edu/obrien/news/exposure-mold-and-dust-grain>.
"Ferro Alloys Product." Metal Alloys (India). N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. <http://www.indiamart.com/metalalloys/ferro-alloys-product.html>.
"Hazardous (Classified) Locations." Hazardous (Classified) Locations. OSHA, May 1996. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.osha.gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/hazloc.html>.
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<http://thevote.abc13.com/2011/10/the-money-trail-gop2012.html>.
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013
References
"Intrinsic Safety "i" Type of Protection." Siemens, 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2012.
<https://moodle.dce.fel.cvut.cz/file.php/17/Manualy/expb1_e.pdf>.
"Light Guide: Occupant Sensors." Light Guide: Occupant Sensors. Inter.Light, 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.html>.
Lilly, Paul. "Amped Wireless AP20000G Wireless Router Promises Up to 7,500 Square Feet of Coverage." Maximum PC. N.p., 18 Sept. 2012.
Web. 13 Oct. 2012. <http://www.maximumpc.com/tags/wifi>.
"Lutron MS-OPS2-WH Maestro 250 Watt Single Pole Occupancy Sensor Switch, White.“ Amazon, 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.amazon.com/Lutron-MS-OPS2-WH-Maestro-Single-Occupancy/dp/B005WM3ALC>.
"Maximize Your Energy Savings with a Quality Furnace." American Weathermakers, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.americanweathermakers.com/2012/08/maximize-your-energy-savings-with-a-quality-furnace/>.
"Precious Metals: Titanium Jewelry." Precious Metals: Titanium Jewelry. All About Gemstones, 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.allaboutgemstones.com/metal_jewelry_titanium.html>.
"Sensor Switch." Sensor Switch. Acuity Brands, 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.sensorswitch.com/companyoverview.aspx>.
Stahl, R. "Innovative Global Explosion Protection." Automation Catalog 8000. R Stahl, 2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2012.
"What You Should Know about Coal Tar Sealant." Springfield News-Leader. Gannett, 6 Feb. 2010. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. <http://www.newsleader.com/article/20100207/NEWS01/2070371/What-you-should-know-about-coal-tar-sealant>.
ECE Senior Design 2012-2013