Transmission Line Security System Based on
RFID and GSM Technology
Swati Chandrakar
Completed B.E in “Electrical and Electronics” from CSIT in 2014. Right Now She is Working as a Teacher
at Yugantar Institute of Management and Technology Rajnandga on Chhattisgarh.
1. Introduction:
In this present age, safety has become an essential
issue for most of the power stations in the rural and
urban areas. To overcome the security threat, most of
the power stations create different type of security
system. There are many types of security systems
available in the market which utilized different type of
sensors. In this project we will implement the security
system of the power stations and their sub-stations by
using RFID and GSM technology which will be more
secure than other systems. Radio-frequency
identification (RFID) based access-control system
allows only authorizes persons to do any modifications
at the power stations. Basically RFID systems consist
of an antenna or coil a transceiver and a transponder
electronically programmed with unique information.
There are many types of RFID systems in the market.
These are categorized on the basis of their frequency
ranges. Some of the most commonly used RFID kits
are low-frequency (30-500 kHz), mid- frequency (900
kHz-1500 kHz) and high-frequency (2.4-2.5GHz). The
passive tags are lighter and less expensive than the
active tags. Global system for mobile communication
(GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital
cellular communication. GSM ia a common European
mobile telephone standard for s mobile cellular radio
system operating at 900 MHz. in the current work,
SIM900 GSM module is used. The SIM900 module is
a Triband, GSM/GPRS solution in a compact plug in
module is a featuring an industry-standard interface.
It delivers voice, data and fax in a small from factor
with low power consumption.
2. Abstract:
The main goal of this project is to implement a power
station security system based on RFID and GSM
technology. In this system only authentic person will
be able to perform the action in the related power
stations. We will implement a security system based
on RFID and GSM technology containing a scanning
system using RFID and GSM which can activate,
authenticate and validate the user and unlock the
stations. The main advantage of using RFID and GSM
is more secure than other systems. This system
consists of microcontroller, RFID reader, GSM
modem, keyboard, and LCD, in this system. The RFID
reader reads the id number of the user. The users scan
the id-card and choose the sub-station to at the main
power stations. The RFID reader reads the id number
and sends to the micro-controller in the sub-stations
selected by user at main station. Now the user again
scans the id-card at that particular sub-station. Then
the RFID reader at the sub-station scans the idnumber and matches from the id-number received
from main station. If the both ids will match then the
user will be valid and authenticated to be worked at
those sub-stations otherwise the sub-station remains
closed. The process of security and authentication will
remain same for the other sub-stations. This system is
more secure because the same id-numbers are required
at the main power station and its sub-stations.
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3. PROPOSED WORKING:
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In this proposed work, the RFID reader read the data
from the tag and send to the microcontroller, if the
card is valid then microcontroller display the user
authentication message and the id number. If the id
number is valid then the user will be validated for
modification work. The user id number is send by the
main station to the microcontroller at sub-station. The
microcontroller compares the id scanned and id
received through main station. If these ids are same the
microcontroller provides necessary control and
authentication to the user. The working is simple and
more secure than others systems.
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4. RFID Fundamentals:
RFID stands for Radio-Frequency Identification.
The acronym refers to small electronic devices that
consist of a small chip and an antenna. The chip
typically is capable of carrying 2,000 bytes of data or
less. The RFID device serves the same purpose as a
bar code or a magnetic strip on the back of a credit
card or ATM card; it provides a unique identifier for
that object. And, just as a bar code or magnetic strip
must be scanned to get the information, the RFID
device must be scanned to retrieve the identifying
information.
4.1 How RFID Works:
A Radio-Frequency Identification system has three
parts:
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A scanning antenna
A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the
data
A transponder - the RFID tag - that has been
programmed with information.
It provides a means of communicating with the
transponder (the RFID tag) AND
It provides the RFID tag with the energy to
communicate (in the case of passive RFID
tags).
This is an absolutely key part of the technology; RFID
tags do not need to contain batteries, and can therefore
remain usable for very long periods of time (maybe
decades). The scanning antennas can be permanently
affixed to a surface; handheld antennas are also
available. They can take whatever shape you need; for
example, you could build them into a door frame to
accept data from persons or objects passing through.
When an RFID tag passes through the field of the
scanning antenna, it detects the activation signal from
the antenna. That "wakes up" the RFID chip, and it
transmits the information on its microchip to be picked
up by the scanning antenna.
In addition, the RFID tag may be of one of two types.
Active RFID tags have their own power source; the
advantage of these tags is that the reader can be much
farther away and still get the signal. Even though some
of these devices are built to have up to a 10 year life
span, they have limited life spans. Passive RFID tags,
however, do not require batteries, and can be much
smaller and have a virtually unlimited life span. RFID
tags can be read in a wide variety of circumstances,
where barcodes or other optically read technologies are
useless.
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The tag need not be on the surface of the
object (and is therefore not subject to wear)
The read time is typically less than 100
milliseconds
Large numbers of tags can be read at once
rather than item by item.
The scanning antenna puts out radio-frequency signals
in a relatively short range. The RF radiation does two
things:
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General Features:
1 Quad-Band 850/ 900/ 1800/ 1900 MHz
2 GPRS multi-slot class 10/8
3 GPRS mobile station class B
4 Compliant to GSM phase 2/2+
5 Weight: 3.4g
6 Control via AT commands (GSM07.07, 07.05 and
SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands)
7 SIM application toolkit
8 Supply voltage range 3.4 ... 4.5 V
9 Low power consumption.
FIG:- RFID READER
5. SIM 900:
The SIM900 is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS
solution in a SMT module which can be embedded in
the customer applications. Featuring an industrystandard interface, the SIM900 delivers GSM/GPRS
850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for voice, SMS,
Data, and Fax in a small form factor and with low
power consumption. With a tiny configuration of
24mm x 24mm x 3 mm, SIM900 can fit almost all the
space requirements in your M2M Application,
especially for slim and compact demand of design.
1. SIM900 is designed with a very powerful
single-chip processor integrating
2. AMR926EJ-S core
3. Quad - band GSM/GPRS module with a size
of 24mmx24mmx3mm
4. SMT type suit for customer application
5. An embedded Powerful TCP/IP protocol stack
6. Based upon mature and field-proven platform,
backed up by our support
7. service, from definition to design and
production
FIG:- SIM 900
FIG .SIM 900
6.AT89C51:
The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance
CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K Bytes of Flash
programmable and erasable read only memory
(PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s
high-density non-volatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51
instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows
the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or
by a conventional.
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Non-volatile memory programmer. By combining a
versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip,
the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer
which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded control applications.
The AT89C51 is shipped with either the high-voltage
or low-voltage programming mode enabled. The
respective top-side marking and device signature codes
are listed in the following table. The AT89C51 code
memory array is programmed byte-by-byte in either
programming mode.
6.1 Features:
1. Compatible with MCS-51™ Products
2. 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash
Memory
3. Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
4. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
5. Three-level Program Memory Lock
6. 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
7. 32 Programmable I/O Lines
8. Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
9. Six Interrupt Sources
10. Programmable Serial Channel
11. Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes.
The AT89C51 provides the following standard
features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O
lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level
interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip
oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the
AT89C51 is designed with static logicfor operation
down to zero frequency and supports two software
selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops
the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters,
serial port and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM
contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other
chip functions until the next hardware reset.
FIG:- AT89C51
The AT89C51 is normally shipped with the on-chip
Flash memory array in the erased state (that is,
contents = FFH) and ready to be programmed. The
programming interface accepts either a high-voltage
(12-volt) or a low-voltage (VCC) program enable
signal. The low-voltage programming mode provides a
convenient way to program the AT89C51 inside the
user’s system, while the high-voltage programming
mode is compatible with conventional third party Flash
or EPROM programmers.
FIG . AT89C51
7.
GLOBAL
SYSTEM
COMMUNICATIO (GSM):
FOR
MOBILE
A GSM modem is one of the wireless modem that is
devised to work with a GSM wireless network. It
works with the same frequency of GSM wireless
network. it is an important part of the GSM network
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.Now a day’s GSM based cell phones are more
preferred than CDMA phones, Hence let us see its
operation and its features. The GSM wireless modem
works in the way like a dial –up modem. The main
difference between the GSM modem and dial – up
modem is that a dial-up modem sends and receives
data through a fixed telephone line while a GSM
wireless modem sends and receives data through radio
wave propagation.A GSM modem can be external
device, A pc card or a PCMCIA card. A GSM modem
can be connected to a computer using a serial cable or
USB cable.it works similar to a GSM mobile phone,
and also a GSM modem requires SIM card for
operation .It can be used for internet purpose also
depending on various subscriptions to the service
provider. There are so many features and operations
that can be perform using GSM modem.
The GSM modem is specialized type of modem which
accept a SIM card operate on a subscriber’s mobile
number over a network, just like a cellular phone.
Basically, it is a cell phone without display. Modem
SIM900 is a triband GSM/GPRS engine that work on
EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz
frequencies. GSM is RS232 logic level compatible. i.e.
it takes -3 volt to -15 volt as logic high and +3 volt to
+15 volt as logic low. MAX 232 is used to convert
TTL into RS232 logic level converter used between
the microcontroller and GSM board. The signal at pin
11 of the microcontroller is send to the GSM modem
thorough pin 11 of MAX232. This signal is received at
pin 2 (RX) of the GSM modem. The GSM modem
transmit the signal from pin 3 (TX) to the
microcontroller through MAX232, which is received at
pin 10 of IC1.
5. Supported SIM card: 1.8v, 3v.
6. Support wide range of frequencies (from 850
MHz to 1900 MHz for different classifications
of GSM networks).
7. Supports integration with RS232 cable.
8. Can be interface to system using USB cables.
9. Very less weight in few grams.
10. Provided with SIM holder and SMA antenna
connecter.
11. Programmable with AT commands.
7.2 Operation that can be perform using GSM
modem:
1. We can read, write and delete messages.
2. We can start sending SMS messages.
3. We can reply to SMS messages.
4. We can monitor signal strength in particular
locality.
5. We can monitor the charging status and also
the charge level in the battery.
6. We can read, write and search phone-book
entries.
7. We can use it in various projects for different
purpose.
FIG GSM MODEM
7.1 Features of GSM:
1. Single supply voltage 3.2 volt-4.5 volt.
2. Typical power consumption in sleep mode
2.5mA.
3. SIM900 tri-band.
4. MT, MO, CB, text and PDU mode, SMS
storage: SIM card.
FIG . GSM NETWORK
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8. CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION:
The power supply section is the important for any
electronic circuit. To derive the power supply, the
230v, 50Hz AC mains is stepped down by transformer
X1 to deliver a secondary output of 12v, 500mA. The
transformer output is rectified by a full wave rectifier
comprising diodes D1 through D4, filter by capacitor
C1 and regulated by ICs 7812 (IC2) and 7805 (IC3).
Capacitor C2 by passes the ripples present in the
regulated supply. LED1 act as a power indicator and
R1 limit the current through LED1. The circuit
diagram shows the circuit of transmission line circuitry
system based on RFID and GSM technology.
The compact circuitry is built around Atmel AT89C51
microcontroller. The AT89C51 is a low power, high
performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8 Kb of
flash programmable and erasable read only memory.
It has 256 bytes of RAM, 32 input/output lines 316 bit
timer/counters, a 6 vectors two level interrupt
architecture, a full duplex serial port , a on chip
oscillator and clock circuitry. The system clock also
plays a significant role in operation of the
microcontroller. An 11.0592MHz quartz crystal
connected to pin 18 and 19 provides basic clock to the
micro controller. Power on reset is provided by the
combination of electrolytic capacitor C3 and register
R1 port P2.0 through P2.7 of the microcontroller are
connected to the data port pins D0 through D7 of the
LCD, respectively. Port P3.7 and P3.6 of the
microcontroller are connected to registers select (RS)
an enabled (E) pins of the LCD, respectively.
Read/write pin of the LCD is grounded to enable for
write operation. All the data is send to the LCD is
ASCII format for display. Only the commands are
send in HEX form. Register select signal is used to
distinguish between data and command. Pre-set RV1 is
used to control the contrast of the LCD register 10k
limit the current through backlight of the LCD. Ports
pins P3.0 (RXD) and P3.1 (TXD) of the
microcontroller are used to interface with the RFID
reader through Max232(1) and GSM modem are used
to interface through Max232(2). When a allowed
person having the tag enters the RF field generated by
the transmit energy to the tag and retrieve data from
the tag. Then the RFID reader communicates through
RXD and TXD pins of the microcontroller for further
processing. Thus on identifying the authorised person,
the authorised person enters the id card and sends to
the microcontroller. If the id number is correct then the
microcontroller displays a validation message.
If the id is correct, the microcontroller provides high
signal to port pin P3.2 transistor. Q2 drives into
saturation and relay RL1 energize to open the substations. Simultaneously, the LCD sows the
authentication. If the id number does not match or
valid, the LCD shows “access denied”.
FIG .Block Diagram of Transmission Line Security
system
9.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
9.1 MAIN POWER STATION:
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FIG 4.2.1 MAIN POWER STATION DIAGRAM
9.2 SUB STATION 1:
FIG ZONE 2 STATION DIAGRAM
Further Scope:
1. The system can be enhanced for long distance
power supply.
2. The time will be reduced by updating the
software of microcontroller at the power
stations.
3. More sub-stations can be secured at a main
power station.
4. In further the system will be used for
improving the tariff structure by different
consumer.
FIG ZONE 1 STATION
9.3 SUB-STATION 2:
References:
 Islam N.S. Wasi-ur-Rahman, M, 12th
international conference on computers and
information technology 2009.
 Mohd helmy Abd Wahab integrated billing
system through GSM network in proceeding
of 3rd international conference on robotics,
vision, information and signal processing
2007.
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Www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org
Deepak Gupta, "RFID Interface to 8051",
www.electronicsmaker.com
Al-Ali, A.R. Rousan, M.A. Mohandes, M.
“GSM-Based Wireless Home Appliances
Monitoring & Control
System”, Proceedings of International
Conference
on
Information
and
Communication Technologies: From
Theory to Applications, pp 237-238, 2004.
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