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International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 2 Issue 3 Page 1281-1283, 2016, ISSN 2395-1621
ISSN 2395-1621
Regional Environmental Monitoring and
Management(An Integrated System
Based on Internet of things)
#1
Mayuree S. Wankhade, #2Dr. Y. S. Angal
1
mayuri.swankhade@gmail.com
#12
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, India
JSPM’S Bhivarabai Sawant Institute Of Technology & Research, Pune.
ABSTRACT
ARTICLE INFO
This paper proposes an approach to build a cost-effective standardized environmental
monitoring device using the Raspberry-Pi (R-Pi) single-board computer. The system
was designed using Python Programming language and can be controlled and accessed
remotely through an Internet of Things platform. It takes information about the
surrounding environment through sensors and uploads it directly to the internet, where
it can be accessed anytime and anywhere through internet. Experimental results
demonstrated that the system is able to accurately measure: temperature, humidity,
light level and concentrations of the carbon monoxide harmful air pollutant. It's also
designed to detect earthquakes through an assembled seismic sensor.
Article History
Received: 25th May 2016
Received in revised form :
25th May 2016
Accepted: 27th May 2016
Published online :
28th May 2016
Keywords: GPIO; IoT; monitoring; Raspberry-Pi; Sensor; Xively.
I. INTRODUCTION
Environmental consequences like changing climate
condition received much attention in recent years, we can
gain a deeper understanding of the environmental condition
because of environmental monitoring and management. For
cognition of environmental parameter we have to track them
by using the various sensor.
Tracking the environmental parameters’ variation in
environmental condition is essential in order to determine the
quality of environment. The collected data encompass
important details for a variety of organizations and agencies.
With the results of monitoring, governments can make
informed decisions about how the environment will affect the
society and how the society is affecting the environment.
Outside the governments and other organizations, the
information is used by many people, because of the weather's
effect on a wide range of human's activities, such as:
agriculture, transportation and leisure time.
The information can be used by municipal engineers to
design flood control systems or public health experts to
design effective policies. Timely and effective responses to
environmental emergencies, such as spills, are impossible
without adequate information. Unfortunately, data provided
by agencies are sometimes overwhelmingly ambiguous and
un-confined to the environment, with samples generally
sparsely taken across large regions despite that some
environment parameters variance occurs across smaller areas.
© 2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved
Therefore this data might not be very helpful on a
personal level. Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept and a
paradigm that considers pervasive presence in the
environment of a variety of things/objects that through
wireless and wired connections and unique addressing
schemes are able to interact with each other and cooperate
with other things/objects to create new.
II. RELATED WORK
Environmental monitoring and management an integrated
system based on IoT is an wear proof and active topic, not
only for the scientists and engineers, but also for the public
and the administrators, and it covers broad issues of climate
change. The IoT applications are limitless, few examples are;
smart cities, smart energy and the smart grids, smart
transportation and enabling traffic management and control
[1].
The R-Pi, is a linux-based, low cost, credit-card sized
single-board computer system that can be directly used in
electronics projects because it has general purpose
input/output (GPIO) pins right on the board [2]. The GPIO
connector has 26 pins where up to 17 GPIO pins (8 existing
GPIO + 9 reconfigurable) are available for hardware
interfacing.
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International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 2 Issue 3 Page 1281-1283, 2016, ISSN 2395-1621
In regional environmental monitoring and management
system two part client and server. Various sensor are use for
detect the environmental parameter . Sensing The purpose of
this unit is to track (sense) all the parameters desired using a
collection of sensors that were chosen cautiously to achieve
the best performance. Detected data on LCD.
Zigbee use for the data transfer.In the server part
raspberry's processing working includes: uploading,
monitoring, displaying and interpreting the data from the
units. This paper focuses on theIoT application in the new
generation of environmental informatics,and provides a new
paradigm for environmental monitoringand management in
the future. In the last decade, the Internet of Things (IoT), a
concept describing how the Internet expands into people’s
daily lives through a wireless network of dentifiable objects
[3].the entire process of environmental monitoring, modeling,
and management, as well as to support sustainable decisionmaking.
where is the diffusion limited current in amps, F is the
Faraday constant (96,500 coulombs), A is the reaction
interfacial area in cm2, n is the number of electrons per mole
reactant, D is the diffusion path length, C is the gas
concentration in mol/cm3, and delta is the gas diffusion
constant, representing the product of the permeability and
solubility coefficients of the gas in the diffusion medium [4].
1. Temperature sensor
III. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Regional environmental monitoring and management
system comprised two system client and server.
A. client
Light
LCD
MCU
CO Gas
Zigbee
Ozone Gas
-- gas
Temp &
Humidity
Fig.1 Block Diagram of Client
To detect the environmental parameters used sensor as
shown in fig.1. Microcontroller can be considered a self
contained system with a processor, memory , peripheral and
can be used as a embedded system. Detected data display on
the LCD. Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4 based specification for
a suit of high level communication protocols used to creat
personal area network.
The design process included designing the basic units for
detecting the air quality, The samples absorbed by the
electro-catalytic sensing electrode contain gas molecules.
Next, they pass through a diffusion medium and
electrochemically react to an appropriate sensing electrode
potential. The electric current generated by the reaction is
directly proportional to the gas concentration. This current is
converted to voltage for a meter or recorder readout [4].
The diffusion limited current, ILim, is directly
proportional to the gas concentration according to the
simplified equation:
© 2015, IERJ All Rights Reserved
The core of the temperature sensor is a band gap core that
divided four transistors: Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Transistors Q1
and Q2 are biased by Q3 to approximately 8 μ . The band
gap core operates both Q1 and Q2 at the same collector
current level; however, because the emitter area of Q1 is 10
times that of Q2, the VBE of Q1 and the VBE of Q2 are not
equal [5]. sensor and, simultaneously, the resistors are used
to scale the VBE of Q1 as an offset term in VOUT.
The band gap core is buffered by the output voltage of the
temperature sensor that is available at the emitter of Q4. The
short-circuit current limit of the devices is set to 250 μ by the
current gain of Q4 [6].The results is scaled using two
resistors; to produce the output voltage transfer characteristic
of each temperature.
2. Humidity.
Honeywell HumidIcon Digital Humidity/Temperature
Sensors, HIH6000 Series, are digital output-type relative
humidity (RH) and temperature sensors combined in the
same package. These sensors provide an accuracy level of
±4.5 %RH. By water adsorption on the ceramic surfaces,
their electrical properties would change and this change
encompasses the resistance, capacitance or electrolytic
conduction depending upon the sensor type [7]. In ionic type
sensing elements, by increasing the humidity, the
conductivity increases and thus the dielectric constant
increases [8]. The R-Pi's digital-only input makes digital
sensors the best choice for our system.
3. Light Level
Photo-resistor is a resistor which made of semiconductor material and the conductance changes with
luminance variation. Performances and Features: Coated with
epoxy, Good Reliability, High Sensitivity, Small Volume,
Fast Response and Good Spectrum Characteristic.
4. CO Concentration
The sensor was chosen to be MQ-7, which can detect
COgas concentrations anywhere from 20 to 2000 ppm in an
easyto- use method. The sensor's detection range can be
altered using a potentiometer.
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International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 2 Issue 3 Page 1281-1283, 2016, ISSN 2395-1621
[7] Traversa, E., Ceramic sensors for humidity detection: The
state-of-theart and future developments, Sens. Actuators B
Chem. 1995.
B. Server
Zigbee
R-Pi
[8] Rahman Wagiran and Mohd Nizar Hamidon Hamid
Farahani, "Humidity sensors principle, mechanism, and
fabrication technologies, A comprehensive review," Sensors,
2014.
[9] Donald Norris, Raspberry pi projects for the evil genius,
McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.
Internet/LAN
[10] Electronics tutorials, [Online]. http://www.electronicstutorials.ws/io/io_4.html.
Fig.2. Block Diagram of Server.
[11] www.google .com
The detected data given to the R-Pi through the zigbee
send to the application layer by server. To transfer the data to
the application layer internet or LAN used as a network layer.
1.R-PI
The R-Pi is a linux based, low cost, credit card sized
single board computer that can be directly used in the
electronics. The RPi's LXTerminal which used Linux
commands.The methods needed to transform some sensors'
readings into real-time measures were implemented [5].
IV. CONCLUSION
The
Regional
environmental
monitoring
and
management system might offer various benefits. It provides
monitoring services for remote areas Due to its ability to
automatically upload to the internet, one correctly placed
system can provide easily accessible weather data for the
whole community. It can be used to predict the foray of bad
climate using signs such as changing temperature and
humidity. Increasing the consciousness of how society is
affected the region's environmental policies and have the
knowledge basis to push for the change.
REFERENCES
[1] Ovidiu Vermesan, Peter Friess, Internet of Thing
Convergin
Technologies
for Smart Environments and
Integrated Ecosystems.
[2]
Raspberry
Pi
Foundation,
[Online],
http//www.rasberrypi.org/help/wha- is-a-raspberry-pi/.
[3] E. Welbourne, L. Battle, G. Cole, K. Gould, K. Rector, S.
Raymer et al.,“Building the Internet of things using RFID:
The RFID ecosystem experience,”IEEE Internet Comput.,
vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 48–55, May–Jun. 2009.
[4] Analog Devices Inc., "Low voltage temperature sensors
(TMP35/TMP36/TMP37) datasheet".
[5] Mohannad M. Ibrahim, Abdelghafour Elgamri and
Ahmed Mohamed,
Environmental monitoring using the
raspberry-pi (En-Pi-ronment), Appendix A, 2014.
[6] Wikipedia, [Online],
Internet_of_Things.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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