STATE AGENCY ENERGY ADVISORY GROUP (SAEAG
STATE AGENCY ENERGY ADVISORY GROUP (SAEAG))
COMMITTEE MEETING - JULY 18, 2012
Austin, Texas
COMMISSIONING (Cx)
Presented by:
Saleem Khan, MS, P.E., CxA
(TEESI)
1301 S. Capital of Texas Hwy., Suite B-325
Austin, TX 78746
(512) 328-2533
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Outline
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Commissioning (Cx) Definition & Purpose
Cx Applications
Why Commissioning?
Commissioning (Cx) – Objectives & Benefits
Commissioning Provider & Certifications
Commissioning (Cx) – Misconceptions
Typical Commissioned Systems
Types of Commissioning (Cx) Services
Cx Implementation Monitoring Examples
Cx Process Selection Consideration
Costs of Commissioning
Useful Resources
Discussion and/or Questions
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Commissioning (Cx) Definition and Purpose
 Definition
 In general, commissioning is the process of ensuring that a building
performs according to its design intent and the needs of its owners
and
d occupants. (Anderson 1997)
 The Commissioning Process is a quality-oriented process for
achieving,
g verifying,
y g and documenting
g that the performance
p
of
facilities, systems, and assemblies meets defined objectives and
criteria. (ASHRAE Guideline 0)
 Purpose
 The basic purpose of building commissioning is to provide a quality
based process with documented confirmation that building systems
are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated and maintained in
compliance with the Owner
Owner’ss Project Requirements (OPR)
(OPR). (BCA Building Commissioning Association)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Cx Applications
 New Construction
 Ground up construction project(s)
 Additions, Renovations and/or Retrofits
 Existing
E isting building
b ilding addition
 Renovations
 System retrofits/upgrades
 Existing
E isting B
Buildings
ildings
 No additions, renovations or retrofits planned
 Operational & maintenance problems
 Comfort issues
 Equipment
E i
ffailure
il
 Conformation of systems operation to design intent
 Change in occupancy and use over period of time
 Energy savings
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Why Commission Construction Projects?
Source: Image and Content AABC Commissioning Group (ACG),
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Why Commissioning? (cont.)
 Increased complexity of building systems plus:
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Technological advances
More stringent code and standards
Demands for improved IAQ
Demand for improved comfort
Savings (Operational & Construction Costs)
Increased interaction between various trades
Fast track design and construction schedules
Substantial completion
Seasonal verification
Functional Testing
Project requirement and/or needs
 LEED , Energy STAR, ISO 5001 and other
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Commissioning (Cx) - Objectives & Benefits
 Objectives/benefits of Commissioning
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Minimize building turnover transition period
Reduction of change orders and delays
Minimize energy and operating costs
Accept optimized building
Minimize warranty issues
P j t completion
Project
pl ti on schedule
h d l and
d within
ithi b
budget
d t
Increased occupant and owner satisfaction
Extension of equipment/systems life cycle
Qualityy assurance approach
Q
pp
resulting
g in significant
g
value to owner
Industry sources indicate that on average the operating costs of a
commissioned building range from 8% to 20%
20% below that of that of
Guide
a non
non--commissioned building (GSA The Building Commissioning Guide)
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
U.S. Building Stock Projections
U.S. Building Stock
By year 2035, three
quarter of the U
U.S.
S
Building Stock will be
new or renovated.
Biillion Square Feet (SF)
600
500
400
N
New
300
200
100
Renovated
Existing
g
0
Source: Graph Presented in 2030 Challenge, www.architecture 2030.org
based on data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
Building offer the greatest
opportunity for Energy
Conservation.
Historic opportunity to
improve energy efficiency
and promote sustainable
building practices.
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Commissioning Provider & Certifications
 Commissioning provider must have essential qualifications,
background
g
and experience
p
with providing
p
g such services.
 Certifications and Organizations
 Individual,
Indi id l fi
firm or b
both
th
 Building Commissioning Association (BCA), Associated Air
Balance Council (AABC)-Commissioning Group (ACG),
Association of Energy Engineers (AEE), Texas A&M
A&M- ESL
(CC®), University of Wisconsin, National Environmental
Balancing Bureau (NEBB) and Others
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Commissioning (Cx) - Misconceptions
 Cx is “NOT”
 Covered under the traditional design
g professional
p
services
agreements
 Testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB)
 Verification of Contractor’s
Contractor s QA or QC program
 Limited to HVAC & Controls
 Substitute for construction inspection
 Substitute
S b tit t for
f construction
t ti managementt
 MEP systems coordination alone
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Typical Commissioned Systems
The scope
p of work is usuallyy determined byy the owner;; however the following
g
systems/equipment are typically included:
 Mechanical Systems
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HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Ducting & Accessories)
Piping Systems (Pipe, Valves, instrumentation, etc.)
Plumbing (Hot water heaters/boilers, fixtures etc.)
DDC Controls (Software programming and Hardware)
 Electrical Systems
y
 Switchgear/Transformers
 Grounding/Bonding
 Lighting and lighting control

Specialt S
Specialty
Systems
stems
 Security and Fire Alarm Systems
 Voice/Data Systems
 Standby Power Systems
 Other
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Types of Commissioning (Cx) Services
 New
N Construction
C
i &R
Renovation
i C
Commissioning
i i i
 Comprehensive Cx
 Planning, design, construction and post acceptance phases
 Total
T
Building
d
Cx
C
 Construction Phase Cx
 Construction and post acceptance phase
 Existing Building Commissioning
 Retro-Commissioning (RCx)
 Auditing
 Facility commissioned for the first time
 Re-commissioning
 Facilityy previously
p
y commissioned
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
12
SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Types of Commissioning (Cx) Services (cont.)
 Continuous
C ti
C
Commissioning
i i i (CC ®) : Continuous
C i
Commissioning is an ongoing process to resolve operating
problems, improve comfort, optimize energy use and identify
retrofits for existing commercial and institutional buildings and
central plants ( Source: US DOE Continuous Commissioning Guidebook for Federal
Energy Managers)
 Existing Buildings
 HVAC & Controls
 Ongoing Commissioning
 Process established to do commissioning over period of time
 LEED Commissioning
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
13
SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Construction & Existing Buildings - Cx Activities
Pre‐Design » Activities to make Cx integral part of the project
» Establish scope, probable costs and time requirements
Design
» P
Preparation
i off Cx
C plan
l based
b d on fi
finall d
design
i iinformation
f
i
» Develop Systems Verification Checklist (SVC) and
Functional Performance Tests (FPT)
Construction
» Cx plan implementation, interaction between construction
team, Commissioning Authority and Design team
» Coordination, Resolution Tracking, Observe Installation,
BAS point verification, T&B, SVCs, and documentation
Acceptance / Post Acceptance
Post Acceptance
» Carry out FPTs, O&M staff training
» Warranty
» Carry out “off season” tests, update documentation
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Construction Projects Commissioning
AHU ONValve OPENOPEN
180
170
-AHU OFF
Valve OPEN
-Valve
-AHU ON
-Valve
Valve CLOSED
HWST
160
No leak-by
150
Watter Temp (F)
140
Heating Coil Valve
HWRT
Leak-by
130
120
110
100
90
80
AHU OFFValve OPEN-
70
60
CHWR
50
CHWS
40
Leak-by
-AHU ON
-Valve CLOSED
Cooling Coil Valve
No leak-by
30
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Elapsed Time (minutes)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Continuous Commissioning Activities & Phases
Phase 1: Project Development
Identify
Inform
Assess
Phase 2: Implementation and Verification
p
Step 2:
Develop baselines
Step 3:
Develop M&V Protocol
Step 4:
Measurements and develop CC measures
develop CC measures
Step 5:
Identify repair items
Identify repair items
Step 6:
Implement CC Measures
Step 7:
Document comfort improvements and savings
Step 8:
Conduct Workshop
Step 9:
C ti
Continue commissioning
Step 1:
Develop CC plan
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
16
SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Cx Implementation Monitoring Examples
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
After Impl (July21)
Before Impl(June 18)
Hot Water Converter
6:45 AM
5:15 AM
3:45 AM
Energy Consum
mption(MBTU/H)
TIME
2:15 AM
12:45 AM
11:15 PM
9:45 PM
8:15 PM
6:45 PM
5:15 PM
6000
3:45 PM
F an VF D(%)
AHU-15A VAV Box Occupancy Scheduling
Temperature Reset
5000
4000
after Impl
3000
Before Impl
2000
1000
0
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Outside Air Tem perature(F)
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Cx Implementation Monitoring Examples (cont.)
Secondary ChW Pump VFD
y
p
300
80
60
40
Pre‐CC
Post‐CC
Pre‐CC Trend
Post‐CC Trend
20
250
200
Pre‐CC
Post‐CC
Pre‐CC Trend
Post‐CC Trend
150
0
100
50
55
60
65
Avg. Daily OAT (°F)
70
75
80
40
45
50
55
60
Avg. Daily OAT (°F)
65
70
AHU‐1 VFD Speed
100
Avg. Daily VFD Spd (%)
ChW Load
350
Avg. ChW
W Load (Tons)
Avg. D
Daily VFD Spd (%)
100
80
60
40
AHU‐1 Pre‐CC
AHU‐1 Post‐CC
Pre‐CC Trend
Post‐CC Trend
20
0
40
50
60
Avg. Daily OAT (°F)
70
80
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Commissioning ((Cx
Cx)) Process Selection
Considerations
 Project
 New Construction/Renovation
 Existing Building
 Define Objective
 Primary Objective(s)
 Secondary Objective(s)
 Scope
 What systems to commission?
 What extent?
 Reporting
 Budget Allocation
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Cx Process Selection Consideration (cont.)
 New Construction
C
i & Renovations
i
 Industry acceptable approach
 Comprehensive or construction phase commissioning
 Existing Building
 Retro-commissioning (RCx)
 HVAC, Controls and other MEP systems
 Re-commissioning
 Continuous Commissioning® (CC®)
 HVAC and Controls
 Ongoing Commissioning (OC) &/or combination approach
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
20
SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Costs of Commissioning
Estimated
i
dC
Commissioning
i i i A
Authority
h i C
Costs to O
Owner ffor
Construction and Occupancy/Operation Phases
Commissioned Systems
HVAC and Controls a
Electrical Systems b
HVAC, Controls and Light Electrical
Total Commissioning Cost
2.0 to 3.0% of mechanical
1.0 to 2.0% of electrical
0.5 to 1.5% of construction
a
Source: Wilkison, R. (2000) Establishing Commissioning Fees, ASHRAE Journal 42 (4): 41-47
b Source: PECI
PECI, 2000
2000. The National Conference of Building Commissioning Proceedings,
Proceedings Portland Energy
Conservation Inc. OR.
Printed in New Building Commissioning, 2003 ASHRAE Applications Handbook, 42.10
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Cost of Commissioning (cont.)
Benchmark Commissioning Costs by Facility Type
Specialty = Very complex facility (Mission Control
Center, etc.)
Complex = Complex facility (Hospitals, labs, etc.)
Moderate = Moderately complex building with advanced
control strategies and systems
Simple =
Typical office buildings, classrooms,
packaged equipment and controls; fewer
pieces of equipment.
Source: Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. (PECI), 2000,
Printed in General Service Administration, The Building Commissioning Guide, April 2005.
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Useful Resources
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Associated Air Balance Council (AABC) & ACG (AABC Cx Group)
Associated Air Balance Council (AABC) & ACG (AABC Cx Group)
–
•
Building Commissioning Association (BCA)
–
•
www.peci.org
U S Green Building Council
U.S. Green Building Council
–
•
www nibs org
www.nibs.org
Portland Energy Conservation Inc. (PECI)
–
•
www.ashrae.org
National Institute of Building Sciences
–
•
www.bcxa.org
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
–
•
www.commissioning.org
http://www.usgbc.org/
U.S. Department of Energy
–
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial/commissioning.html
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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SAEAG – JULY 18, 2012
Discussion and/or Questions?
Saleem Khan, P.E., CxA
(512) 328
328--2533
Email: Saleem@teesi.com
Saleem@teesi com
Texas Energy Engineering Services, Inc. (www.teesi.com)
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