CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lighting Depth
Introduction
The University of California, San Diego Cal IT2 building is a large research, academic
building. As stated earlier, the building is used for lectures, laboratory experiments,
private offices, and a small black-box theater set to the side. Because of the many uses,
the lighting must incorporate all of these as well as have a central theme for its design in
the building. Being a telecommunications study research facility, it contains many
computer servers and serves as a path from one end of the wire to the other. Movement
is prevalent all around this building from the bustle of the people inside, to the wires
processing data from one end to the other. Cal IT2 acts as a large computer hub and was
the main concept for my lighting redesign. There were four major design goals in mind
when redesigning my spaces. I wanted to guide people through the building using light,
provide a feeling of technological advancement as you move through the space, provide a
comfortable atmosphere to be able to work long hours, and have a welcoming yet humble
entering atmosphere.
The first space I chose to redesign was the large research cluster on the third floor
commonly known as 3100. This very open office space is surrounded by private offices
with an exposed ceiling to the structural and mechanical members. In this space, I have
redesigned the lighting for all the private offices as well as the coves, entrances, and the
large open office area. Linear sources were a major impact in this space.
The second space I chose was the black-box theater. This space proved to be very
challenging and involved the most layers of lighting. With the theater being 2 stories tall
and having architectural and acoustical surfaces to work around, the space was limited to
location for many of the fixtures. In this space I custom designed a fixture which makes
a great impact in the theater as well as provided the different levels of light for all of its
various functions.
The third space I chose was the main entrance lobby from the academic courtyard. This
space actually contained three spaces in all. With its odd shape and many connections to
the outside, it proved difficult to design. The clean lined walls and various height
ceilings made this space a beacon for movement. All the lights designed in these spaces
have a “motion” to them and guide people through the space. The lobby leads into the
gallery which showcases some works of art and a view into the computer server room
which houses most of the buildings back-up software. In conjunction with both of these
spaces, an underground tunnel is connected to both of these rooms through clear
windows. This underground tunnel keeps this theme of movement while also showing
the “guts” of the building as if walking through the insides of a server.
The fourth and final space chosen for a redesign is the academic courtyard. For this
exterior space, feelings of comfort and safety were a main focus in this design. I also
wanted to lead people into the building and tunnel by highlighting certain areas slightly
more than others. Through the use of different sources and types of fixtures, I have made
the courtyard a pleasant and safe atmosphere.
7
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
3100 Research Cluster
The 3100 research cluster area is located on the third floor of building section B. The
open office entails a large empty space with moving furniture for experiments and
collaborating. Many times, tables with computers and drawings will be laid out for group
discussions. The ceiling is completely exposed to structural and mechanical members
making the space appear larger than it really is. This space is then surrounded by private
offices each with a vertical window to look into as well as a lowered finished ceiling.
These private offices are home to many professors and workers in the college for
telecommunications and research. Each corner has an open area with tables and chairs
for networking and small presentations when necessary.
8
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Design Criteria
Reflectances
Walls: 50% (Light green and white paint)
Ceiling: 20% (exposed ceiling painted black)
Floor Covering: 20% (tan/taupe bur bur carpeting)
Furniture: 40% (assumed value for future furniture installation)
Ceiling Characteristics
The ceiling of 3100 (the research area on the third floor) is an exposed ceiling of trusses,
ductwork, and hanging light fixtures. The mechanical and structural work is painted
black to have a low reflectance with suspended direct fluorescent louvered striplights.
The room shows its design elements to enhance the function of the room (being a
research area of technology).
Theme
The research area exhibits a feeling of creativeness, adaptive ability, and convenience. It
is surrounded by private offices with windows overshadowing the space providing some
minimal daylight to the space. This space will show sleek modern design with
economical and energy efficient ideas.
Horizontal Illuminance
According to IES criteria, a research area room which will most likely contain intensive
VDT use and paper tasks should have an illuminance level of 30 to 50 fc. Workstations
are required to have 30 fc while laboratories with experimentation and intensive VDT use
should provide 50 fc.
Glare Consideration
Glare should be considered in this space because of the work-like environment. The
suspended fluorescent striplights will most likely not cause a problem, but must be taken
into account.
Vertical Illumination
A vertical illumination of 5 fc is required for this open office research area.
Daylight Consideration
Daylight will be entering the space through the windows in the corners and through the
upper windows above the private offices. Even though the light is minimal, system
9
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
controls may be able to regulate energy usage and turn off many luminaries during
daylight hours to save on energy consumption.
Lamping Criteria
A uniform CCT of 4100K will be used in these areas with a CRI of about 82. Color
rendering and daylight quality light was an important factor in this space because of the
research and experimentation occurring. A cooler color temperature also matches the
laboratory and research facility atmosphere better than a warmer lamp would.
Controls
Since the Lutron Grafik Eye will be used in the building to control a majority of the
fixtures, the office will be included in this. California Title 24 requires automatic turn-off
for spaces not used during the evening hours in academic buildings. Electric light in the
private offices should take into account the large amount of daylight entering the space.
Since the open office is not used 24 hours a day, occupancy sensors would be a good idea
to save energy and ensure automatic turn-off. More detail on the controls can be found in
my electrical depth.
Power Density
According to California Title 24 Energy Standards, open office area’s power density
should be < 1.3 W/SF.
Design Intent
My goal for this space is to provide enough light on the work plane for a comfortable
environment. I also want to avoid veiling reflections on any VDTs in the space which
can be a big distraction for anyone working on them. Using light, I want to emphasize
the size of the open office by using linear sources running in the direction of the trusses.
By combing these ideas, a comfortable office environment can be had.
Schematic Design
In my original schematic design
approach, I was going to use daylight
as a big factor in the space. The
private offices surrounding the large
area all have floor to ceiling windows
and contain interior windows from the
private offices to the open one. This,
in turn would have saved a great a deal
of energy and cost. Unfortunately, the
tinted glazing on the exterior windows,
and the depth and height of the interior
10
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
windows were not enough to bring a large amount of light into the space as intended.
This moved the design forward with choosing a good linear parabolic fixture to run in
between the exposed trusses. A suspended direct/indirect source for the private offices
also helped on appearance between the spaces as well as avoiding veiling reflections and
glare on the computer screens. Lastly, I used wall washers and circular downlights to
separate the coves from the open areas. The difference in ceilings creates a nice nook for
small presentations and gatherings.
Concept Diagram
11
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
All fixture cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
12
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Fixture Relevant Schedules
All ballast cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
13
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
I assumed a 12 month cleaning interval for all fixtures since the building is located on the
University campus. I also assumed a clean environment in the open office since the
building has many clean rooms and laboratories which are cleaned extremely often.
Using the input wattage from the specified ballasts and lamps, the power density came in
under the maximum allowed of 1.3 W/SF which meets California Title 24 standards.
14
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lighting Plan
15
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Results
For the open office area, the average illuminance value was 35 fc with a maximum of 64
fc and a minimum of 9 fc. The lower values near the entrances brought the average down
a bit. The values in the open area where work would be done was all above 40 fc which
is a good light level for office work with VDTs and paper tasks according to IES
standards. The contour lines show the illuminance values for this space according to the
chart.
16
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Daylighting Study for Private Offices
The private offices in the 3100 research cluster receive a lot of daylight during the
morning and afternoon hours. A study was done to estimate the hours that electric light
can be saved during these times. Appendix D shows some various examples of the
calculation grids I performed for these spaces with two window orientations. I used a
43% transparent window to take into account the mullions and tinting of the glass. Direct
sun never really enters the space except on the near wall late in the day on December 21st
and March 21st depending on the orientation. My results from this study show that the
electric lights can be completely shut off or dimmed to 5% (depending on preference of
the occupant) between the hours of 8 AM and 4 PM on any ordinary day which saves 8
hours of energy. This shows a drastic savings on energy and cost for the private office
lighting. Since the spaces are ordinarily used between 7 AM until about 6 PM, electric
light is not needed about 70% of the time based on my daylighting studies. The daylight
sensors in the office are located on the wall next to the door when you first walk in.
Unfortunately, the daylight doesn’t escape the private offices as well as I had hoped to
add to the light in the open office. Some daylight is contributed from the coves in the
corner and above the shelf in the private offices, but not enough to dim the lights in the
open area. This is the reason the open area is on occupancy sensors and the corners are
switched by single switches based on need and use.
Since these open office/private office areas are typical for the upper floors above the 2nd
floor, this can save a significant amount of energy for the building. When summed for
the five upper floors, this can have a total energy savings of:
(1088 VA per floor) * 5 floors = 5440 VA
5440 VA = 5.44 kW
5.44 kW * 8 hours = 43.52 kWh
Estimating $0.10 / kWh from the San Diego Gas and Electric Service Utility Structure
which can be found in Technical Assignment #2:
43.52 kWh * $0.10 / kWh = $4.35 / day
Estimated Typical Usage Days/year : 275 days
$4.35 / day * 275 days = $1196.25 / year in savings
Even though this is not a significant number compared to the total cost of energy for the
entire building, every little bit counts. Because California has such a shortage for energy,
this sets a good example for the future of building and daylighting integration. Energy
costs are constantly rising proving any reduction is helpful.
17
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Renderings for the Open Office
18
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
19
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Entrance to Open Office
Conclusions
The 3100 research cluster encompasses many different qualities. As you walk into the
open office, you can see the many private offices lining the walls with various other tasks
happening in the center. This space is meant for constant hustle and bustle to be
incorporated into the large space. Using the direct linear pendants throughout the office
emphasize the linear trusses lining the ceiling and exhibit the length of the space. The
small nooks in the corners use circular downlights to provide a more intimate feel for
small discussions and meetings. Providing the proper amount of light on the workplane
was definitely a main concern for this space and was accomplished using this layout.
20
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Black-Box Theater
The black-box theater of Cal IT2 is located on the first floor of building section C. A
black box theater by definition is a small educational theater with moveable parts, black
walls, black ceiling, black floors, and dark furniture. For the purpose of Cal IT2, the
theater brings many different aspects. This theater, all in black, is intended for
educational purposes as well as small student performances, guest lecturers, and
audio/visual movies and presentations. This makes the black-box theater of Cal IT2 one
of the more unique spaces in this large technological building. The 50 ft x 58 ft space has
a two-story ceiling and seats 200 people at a time. The walls are covered with acoustic
diffuser panels painted black. The front curtains to the stage are a black heavyweight
material with the seats upholstered in a dark grey fabric. The ceiling contains
acoustically reflective ceiling clouds made of plywood, also painted black, to reflect the
sound effectively within the space. A catwalk also runs around the ceiling for theater
lighting equipment, ceiling adjustments, and maintenance.
This plan shows the location of the theater relative to the courtyard and other entities of
the building. Directly next to the theater is a large multipurpose room for various events
sponsored by the college of telecommunications.
21
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Theater Furniture Plan
Theater Section Showing Catwalk
22
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Design Criteria
Reflectances
Side and Back Walls: 22% (Carnegie Xorel Fabric Wall Coverings)
Ceiling: 20% (Dark black paint on mesh acoustical ceiling and plywood)
Flooring: Assumed 20% (Collins & Aikman’s Sequence ST320 -17 Carpet)
Chairs: 10% (Dark grey upholstered auditorium seating)
System Controls
Controls are going to be a major impact on the design of this space. With the many tasks
that will be occurring in the theater, multiple scenes must be made with-in the space to
accommodate the changing atmosphere and clientele. Since I will be using the Lutron
Grafik Eye 4000 to control this space as specified in the control section of my electrical
depth, I will preset scenes to accommodate 5 different atmospheres before the building is
occupied. These scenes will consist of 2 pre-performances, performance, educational,
and a general ambient atmosphere. All fixtures in this space will have dimming
capabilities for personal preference control over the lighting.
Ceiling characteristics
The ceiling is designed as a grid with small steel beams running up and down, left and
right. Above the steel grid is a black painted plywood acoustical system designed to
reflect the sound back to the audience with minimal reverberation time. The panels
behind the mesh are angled toward the stage and reflecting sound onto the crowd. The
ceiling is 16 feet above the catwalk. The catwalk along the sides of the theater also
creates a cove-like atmosphere around the seating where lighting will be installed. I will
be using light above and below the mesh grid to create layers of light through the ceiling.
Theme
The theater setting is created to be very dark and intimate with only 200 seats available
and minimal lighting on the audience. The mood I want to place in this room is one of
comfort, but also technologically advanced. Most of the performances and presentations
will be for entertainment purposes, so minimal light needs to be cast on the audience for
visual tasks. The audience should be very comfortable to be able to sit and listen and
gather knowledge from the presentations without a feeling of sleepiness or an
overwhelming atmosphere. Using many different layers of light, I will be using the floor,
walls and two levels of the ceiling to light the theater. One main feature that will be
implemented is walk-over floor box luminaires. These will act as guiding lights to seats
as well as create a modern technological feel.
23
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Facial appearances
The shadows placed on the presenter or cast of people on the stage is a strong issue for
the angles at which the light is aimed at the people. Since theatrical fixtures will be
casting all the light on the stage area, this scenario is not in my scope of work.
Horizontal Illuminance
Theater during performances: emergency lighting needed at 0.2 fc
Theater in between performances: 5 fc for circulation
Theater during educational sessions: 30 fc
Light levels should be minimal due to the highlighting of the stage area with the
theatrical fixtures. Only path-lights and low-voltage ambient lighting should be used for
egress.
Vertical Illuminance
Vertical illuminance is not really an issue in the black-box theater.
Glare Consideration
Glare should be considered in this space because of the illuminated floor boxes. Bright
glowing steps can cause a problem if too bright. Since this is a college campus, the
crowd will be of a younger age, and distracting light on the floor shouldn’t be a huge
problem.
Lamping Criteria
A uniform CCT of 3500K will be used in these areas with a CRI of about 82. Since this
is a theater, I did not want to use a very cold source, but wanted to keep in tune with the
technological feel. A 3500K lamp is a good neutral CCT for this space. A color
rendering index of 82 is going to be uniform throughout the whole building.
Power Density
According to California Title 24 Energy Standards, a small theater’s power density
should be < 1.4 W/SF.
24
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Schematic Design
In my redesign, I intend to provide multiple layers of light to convey the complexity and
technological feel of the building and the theater’s purpose. The first layer will entail my
custom walk-over floor box luminaires. The intention with these boxes is to provide
enough light for vision and circulation, but also to feel the anticipation of a great
performance. With the slight dimming and brightening of these fixtures, a great sense of
space and technology can be accomplished. My future intention with these luminaires is
to program these dimming lights to go with a performance or musical piece in sequence.
This is dependent upon a technological manager and the creativity of the staff at Cal IT2.
The next layer I will be using is washing the walls with light. By grazing the fabric walls
with either blue or white light, this will add depth to the space as well as avoid dark
shadows in the corners of the theater which can often happen. The next two layers
involve the two tiered ceiling. The metal mesh grid at the 2nd floor level creates a smaller
enclosure. By adding lights above and shining light through the metal mesh, it creates an
added height to the theater as well as an intriguing effect on the source and position of the
lights. Downlights will be added in between the grids to add in more effective lighting
for the educational purposes as well as emphasize the mesh grid border between the
catwalk and the public space as seen in the diagram on the next page. The final layer of
light is purely criteria and safety based. For exiting and entering the space, steplights and
dimmed downlights guide people to their destinations.
25
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Diagram of Mesh Grid Downlights
26
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
All fixture cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
27
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Fixture Relevant Schedules
All ballast cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
28
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
I assumed a 12 month cleaning interval for all fixtures since the building is located on the
University campus. I also assumed a clean environment in the theater since the room will
be used intermittently and cleaned after every performance by janitorial staff.
Using the input wattage from the specified ballasts and lamps, the power density came in
under the maximum allowed of 1.4 W/SF which meets California Title 24 standards.
29
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lighting Plan – 2nd Story
30
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lighting Plan – 1st Story
31
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Preset Control Scenes
Scene 1
This scene will be used for entering the theater for a performance or possibly a guest
speaker. The custom blue floor boxes are turned on with a white wall wash on the back
acoustical panels and a blue wall wash on the side walls. The square pendants above the
mesh ceiling are dimmed 25% while the circular downlights are turned off completely.
The entrance downlights and steplights will be turned on for circulation around the
theater.
Scene 2
This scene will be used educational purposes during classes and demonstrations. The
floor boxes will be turned off. All the wall-washers will be turned on with white light
along with the pendants on full capacity and the circular downlights. The steplights and
entrance/exit lights are also turned on in this scene.
Scene 3
This scene is used during a performance or speaker where note taking is not needed. The
blue floor boxes, steplights, and entrance/exit lights are dimmed to 1%. This provides
enough light for entering or exiting only. In case of more light being needed, the wall
washers can easily be turned on.
Scene 4
This scene is used for general ambience or educational purposes. All the lights are on in
white light except the floor boxes, steplights, and the entrance/exit lights. This is used for
clean-ups, general tasks, and educational reasons.
Scene 5
This scene is used for entering the theater for a performance or guest lecturer. This
entails all the aspects of Scene 1 without the blue floor boxes. This also includes the
wall-washers being dimmed to 10% for a more intimate setting possibly to let the
audience know the show will be starting momentarily and to be seated.
32
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Grid – Educational 1 (Scene 2)
33
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Grid – Pre Performance 1 (Scene 1)
34
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Grid – Pre Performance 2 (Scene 5)
35
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Grid – Performance (Scene 3)
36
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Fixture Details
37
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Renderings for All Scenes in Theater
Performance Entrance Example
38
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Performance Entrance 1 – Scene 1
39
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Educational Set-up – Scene 2
40
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Conclusion
The Black-Box Theater is a multi-functional space. It can be used for educational
purposes, small student performances, lectures, and guest speakers. Because of this
broad range of tasks, the lighting must accommodate all of these in one system. I have
created a multi-layered system that can be controlled easily using the Lutron Grafik Eye
with only two control pads in the theater. With my preset scenes as well as the ability to
add more scenes, the flexibility for the lighting of this space is very tangible and works
well. Adding the blue light floor boxes adds a technological feel to the space as well as
adds aesthetic appeal. The layers of light in the ceiling can be used to either close the
space off, or make the space ceiling seem higher for a more dramatic effect. Flexibility
was one of my main goals and I have accomplished this using the multiple layers of light
with a preset control system.
41
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Main Entrance Lobby
The main entrance lobby of Cal IT2 is located on the first floor of building section B
looking into the academic courtyard. The dark glassed façade leads into this space with a
technological feel to it. The lobby is constructed with three different ceiling heights
(entrance at 32 ft, main area at 12.75 ft, and the gallery at 10 ft). These ceiling heights
defined spaces into little areas by which I designed the lighting atmospheres. This lobby
however, is a very odd shape. The main entrance leads down a long converging hallway
to the elevators and another hallway. Jutting out to the side is the gallery space which
looks into the server room (the hub of the building) and also leads down a narrow
converging space to yet another hallway. Another main feature of this space is the ¾
height windows that look into the underground tunnel going through the building. As
talked about later, a lighting display will be seen from the tunnel into the space. The
main function of this space is to guide people through to their destination. It gives an
initial feel for the building and showcases the technological advancement of projects and
experiments through art and equipment. My purpose for this space is to provide an
impression of what Cal IT2 is about as the people walk through.
42
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lobby and Gallery Layout
Lobby Section
43
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Design Criteria
Reflectances and Materials
Walls: 50% (White and Light green paint from Sherwin Williams)
Ceiling: 80% (White coved ceiling)
Floor: 30% (Terrazzo glass and stone pour in place flooring)
Glass: 80% transmittance clear glazing
Façade glass: 14% transmittance tinted glazing
Black leather furniture chairs: 30-40% reflectance
Small tables: 42% reflectance
Ceiling Characteristics
The ceiling in the lobby is multistoried. When first entering, the ceiling expands up to
the exposed truss system 32 ft high. As you continue on, the second floor creates a cove
ceiling the rest of the way at 12’-9” high. The bridge over the tunnel has another ceiling
that is sloped at only 10 ft high. Because of the differing ceilings, many different lights
can be used to emphasize the size of the space, the length of the space and the jagged
edges that all the ceilings create when put together. These ceilings also define the three
different areas by which the lobby is defined: entrance area, guiding area, and the gallery.
Theme
As you enter the space, the lobby is meant to invite you into the building and give a sense
of what it is hiding inside. In Cal (IT)2, the blue cove lights, modern hanging custom
pendants, and misshaped ceilings give a sense of modern improvement and the
advancement of building technology. This is the sense that I am going to highlight in my
redesign. Clean lines should be able to guide people through this space. I want to avoid
anything blocking a clean line to the destination. All fixtures should appear hidden and
recessed.
Horizontal Illuminance
In the lobby, a horizontal illuminance of 5-10 fc is sufficient for circulation and entering
according to the IES standards. It is a simple orientation to the building with only a short
visit.
Vertical Illuminance
In the lobby, a vertical illuminance of 3 fc is needed.
Daylight Integration
This space has large tinted glazing windows when you first enter the space from the
courtyard in the East. Daylight can help generate much of the light needed during the
44
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
daytime hours to illuminate the immediate two story space upon entering; however, since
the windows are tinted, the pendants will need to be used during the early dusk hours to
generate enough light on the floor. A daylight photosensor will be used to turn these
fixtures on and off. More on the controls can be found in my electrical depth section.
Color and Texture
For this technological building, all of the walls are painted grey, white and a lightened
green. The choice of these colors really emphasizes its use as an educational facility
while also showing a form of design. Accenting these colors well can create an
atmosphere pleasant and suitable for the growing technology that is being designed
within its walls. All textures are very clean and smooth. The chairs in the lobby are
designed with black smooth leather, the window mullions with smooth extruded
aluminum.
Glare Consideration
Glare should be considered in this space because of the specular surface floor. Since all
the fixtures in the lobby are recessed or hidden in coves, they do not cause a problem
with this. Another concern was the lighting display in the tunnel shining into the lobby
space. This proved to be advantageous since it also provided some light onto the floor as
well as give a showpiece to peer at.
Lamping Criteria
A uniform CCT of 4100K will be used in these areas with a CRI of about 82. This keeps
in tune with the technological feel of the space as well as renders the works of art on the
walls in the gallery well. A color rendering index of 82 is going to be uniform
throughout the whole building.
Power Density
According to California Title 24 Energy Standards, a lobby’s power density should be <
1.5 W/SF.
Schematic Design
In my redesign, I intend to use light as the guiding tool for people to follow. Upon first
entering the large open area of the entrance, one will be able to gaze up at the large clean
lined custom fixtures hanging in various lengths from the 32 ft ceiling. As you continue
through the space, coves of colored and white light lead your way to the elevators and
hallway at the end of the converging lobby. Using lines of guiding light in the ceiling
and walls, I hope to achieve a directional space that shows the creativity and
technological advancement of the building and its occupants. Using the same concept, I
45
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
will be using long converging lines of light to lead people into the gallery area and
building section A. With the sleek, clean design, I hope to achieve a statement of
triumph for the telecommunications institute this building encompasses. The following
diagram shows a section of the lobby space with these concepts in place.
Section of Lobby Showing Schematic Design
Schematic Design Sketch Showing Entrance View
46
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
All fixture cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
47
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Fixture Relevant Schedules
All ballast cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
48
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
I assumed a 12 month cleaning interval for all fixtures since the building is located on the
University campus. I also assumed a clean environment in the theater since the room will
be used intermittently and cleaned after every performance by janitorial staff.
Using the input wattage from the specified ballasts and lamps, the power density came in
under the maximum allowed of 1.5 W/SF which meets California Title 24 standards. An
added 1.0 W/sf can also be added for the four decorative fixtures, but is unnecessary
because of the already fitting power density.
49
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Entire Lobby Section Lighting Plan
50
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lobby Close-up Lighting Plan of West and East End
51
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Entire Gallery Lighting Plan
Far South End of Gallery
Gallery Continued
52
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Grid – Lobby
53
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Grid – Gallery
End of Gallery Hallway
54
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Intersection of Gallery and Lobby
55
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
End of Lobby Hallway
56
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lobby Entrance Space
Lobby and Gallery:
Avg: 20.75 fc
Max: 39.6 fc
Min: 1.4 fc
The lighting calculation results proved to be higher than expected. My goal was to have
around 10-15 fc on the ground for general circulation purposes, but the end result
provides good levels to buffer from the sunny atmosphere outside to the indoors. This
meets the IES criteria I had mentioned.
57
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Fixture Details
58
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Renderings for the Main Lobby/Gallery
Gallery Corridor – Everything On
59
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Gallery Corridor – Only Accent and Cove On
60
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lobby Corridor
61
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lobby Corridor
62
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Lobby Exterior View
63
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Conclusions
The lobby and gallery spaces are a very important aspect of the building. The main lobby
gives a first impression of the Cal IT2 as to what is happening inside as well as the theme
for the rest of the building. In my design, my intention was to provide guiding lights
using minimal appearance of fixtures and obstructions. The blue cove lights showcase
advancement in movement with the minimal downlights providing ambient lighting for
the area. The recessed linear fluorescents in the gallery appear to converge to really
emphasize the elongated gallery and lead to the other sections of the building. With this
sleek design, I have provided a technological feeling encompassed in a new modern
building for telecommunication research.
64
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Academic Courtyard
The academic courtyard contains an open grassy area in the Jabocs School of
Engineering at the University of California, San Diego. Three other buildings and Cal
IT2 form this courtyard in the middle with small grassy areas, trees, a sculpture, and
benches for a nice break in the afternoon sun. The courtyard is the place that leads into
the main lobby and underground tunnel of Cal IT2. It is approximately 280 ft x 95 ft with
concrete walkways in all directions leading to all ends of the rectangular space. This
space is primarily used for walking from one building to the other. During breaks and
peak times, you can find students and colleagues enjoying the sun and outside air in this
space. A large concrete patio exists in front of Cal IT2 with a concrete ramp leading
down to the tunnel. This is a very open area and is very open to design. One stipulation
as stated by the UCSD Facilities Office is to use low pressure sodium lamps for all pole
mounted fixtures, as well as use full-cut where ever possible.
Design Criteria
Reflectances
A ground reflectance was not considered in this study. Only direct illuminance was
studied for safety conditions.
65
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Theme
The general lighting theme for the academic courtyard was to provide a safe walking
atmosphere during the nighttime hours while complying with the University of
California, San Diego’s lighting policies. Low pressure sodium lamps, which generate a
deep orange glow, were chosen due to the existing lighting conditions which already exist
on the rest of the campus. The up-lighting on the trees add some depth to the space with
a more aesthetic look taking over the deep orange glow of the pole lights.
Horizontal Illuminance
In the courtyard, a horizontal illuminance of 0.5 fc is required for safety and pedestrian
identification at night from IES standards.
Building exterior entrances should be highlighted as well as stairs and ramps for safety
concerns.
Vertical Illuminance
In the courtyard, a vertical illuminance of 0.5 fc is also required by IES standards.
Glare Considerations
Glare could be an issue when walking down the concrete paths towards the 20’poles and
up-lights on the trees. Since they are relatively tall compared to the average person, it
shouldn’t prove to be a concern, but attention should be paid to it.
Facial Recognition
Facial and body recognition is a major factor in the lighting design for this space. For
safety matters, my redesign should pay attention to the vertical illuminance on a person
and deleting any major dark spots where a person can hide.
Light Pollution
Light pollution is another concern that should be considered. Since all the poles in this
courtyard have a type IV distribution, most of the light should not escape into the
atmosphere.
Color Temperature Appearance
For these particular fixtures, the color temperature will be very low (1700K). The low
pressure sodium lamps create a deep orange glow which won’t render certain colors very
well. By adding another layer of cooler color temperature metal halide lamps, better
color rendering will be possible.
66
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Power Density
According to California Title 24 Energy Standards, an exterior courtyard’s power density
should be < 0.2 W/SF.
Schematic Design
In my redesign, I will be paying particular attention to the University of California, San
Diego’s Lighting policies. Based on their requirements as stated earlier, I will be using
low pressure sodium pole lights to keep the theme from the rest of campus continuing. I
will, however, add some more depth to this courtyard with cooler color temperatures to
emphasize the technology of Cal IT2 and the surrounding engineering facilities. Use of
brighter lights will be used to highlight the entrance to the underground tunnel to promote
its use as well as introduce people to the lighting display in place as will be discussed in
the next space.
The following two concept diagrams exhibit the ideas described above. In my redesign,
the only concept I changed since the schematic was the accent lighting on the sculpture. I
didn’t want the sculpture to be highlighted since the main focus of the courtyard is really
the glowing Cal IT2 building.
67
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
68
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
All fixture cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
69
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Fixture Relevant Schedules
All ballast cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
70
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
I assumed a 12 month cleaning interval for all fixtures since the building is located on the
University campus. I also assumed a medium dirt level since these fixtures are exterior
and prone to dirt and dust.
Using the input wattage from the specified ballasts and lamps, the power density came in
under the maximum allowed of 0.2 W/SF which meets California Title 24 standards.
71
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Academic Courtyard Lighting Layout
72
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Tree Grove Fixtures and Entrance Fixtures - I
Courtyard Patio Area - II
73
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
East Side of Courtyard - III
74
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Grid Results – Academic Courtyard
75
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Results
Pathways Illuminance:
Avg: 2.10 fc
Max: 11.2 fc
Min: 0.0 fc
Ramp leading to Tunnel:
Avg: 1.59 fc
Max: 2.4 fc
Min: 0.8 fc
Walkway beside server room:
Avg: 1.2 fc
Max: 5.3 fc
Min: 0.6 fc
76
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Renderings for Academic Courtyard
Ramp Entrance to the Tunnel
Stair Detail
77
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Tree Grove Near Building
Walkway to Stairs
78
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
South East entrance to Academic Courtyard
Sky View Looking Down on Courtyard
79
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Conclusions
The academic courtyard contains layers of light to focus on certain aspects. While the
pole lights are used for general safety and circulation at night, the cooler color
temperatures in the bollards and steplights lead you toward Cal IT2. The steplights in the
ramp lead you in a converging line to the underground tunnel through the building. The
up-lights on the trees add some definition to the space for aesthetics and a nature feel to
lean away from the technological feel. The under bench lights by the lobby entrance are
used for accents as well as the small pathlights skimming the ground by the entrance.
Overall, this space gives a nice blend of safety, function, and aesthetic lighting for the
campus. The uplift for this area will hopefully draw more people to the space at night
and result in even more expansion.
80
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Underground Tunnel
The underground tunnel is located near the entrance to the main lobby from the academic
courtyard. It runs beneath Cal IT2 adjacent to the main lobby and out to the road on the
other side of Cal IT2. This tunnel has many unique characteristics to it. First, it is
connected to the main lobby by half height clear glazing. A small bridge runs over the
tunnel creating a divider between a two story ceiling and a single story space. The other
side of the tunnel is a large concrete wall, leaving an area open to the imagination. The
entrance to the tunnel is already redesigned in my academic courtyard section having
multiple compact fluorescent steplights on the paths leading to it and under-rail
fluorescent lights for the stairs. In this space, I intend to draw people to it by using light
and innovation. A custom lighting display will be placed on the blank wall in the tunnel,
and accent lights will be added through the foe windows on the other side. This
combination will make an impressive technological statement for the building without
ever being inside.
81
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Design Criteria
Reflectances
Ground: 20% (Concrete pour slab)
Walls: 20% (Finished concrete walls)
Glass windows: 80% transmittance
Theme
The underground tunnel was constructed as an easy access path to get to the other side of
Cal IT2 without having to walk through the building. Since Cal IT2 is about the fast
movement of information and telecommunication, I decided to showcase this concept in
an art piece of lighting. This tunnel will act as a fast information highway for people to
have a sense of traveling through a computer server (the building’s metaphor).
Horizontal Illuminance
In a circulation space, a horizontal illuminance of 5-10 fc is required for safety and
pedestrian identification at night from IES standards.
Vertical Illuminance
In the tunnel, a vertical illuminance of 0.5 fc is also required by IES standards.
Glare Considerations
Glare could be a major issue with a large lighting display integrated into the entire wall of
the tunnel. 60% transparent acrylic will be used to diffuse the light and make the light
boxes less intense. The reflections from the corresponding windows on the other side of
the tunnel will also be an issue.
Lamping Criteria
A uniform CCT of 4100K will be used in these areas with a CRI of about 82. This keeps
in tune with the technological feel of the space. A color rendering index of 82 is going to
be uniform throughout the whole building.
Power Density
According to California Title 24 Energy Standards, a circulation space power density
should be < 0.5 W/SF.
82
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
83
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Light Fixture Schedule
All fixture cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
I assumed a 12 month cleaning interval for all fixtures since the building is located on the
University campus. I also assumed a medium dirt level for the lighting display since it is
in an exterior space. The uplight in the tunnel is enclosed in a window and is not as
prone to the dirt and dust.
Using the input wattage from the specified ballasts and lamps, the power density came in
under the maximum allowed of 0.5 W/SF which meets ASHRAE 90.1 standards. The
lighting display box is considered a sculpture or “artwork of light”. This is not counted
in the power density calculation.
84
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Fixture Relevant Schedules
All ballast cut-sheets can be found in the appendix.
85
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Tunnel Lighting Plan
86
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Tunnel Calculation Results
87
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Calculation Results
Since this is a circulation space, only 5-10 fc is needed on the floor. Because of the
decorative light piece, a lot of light is put on the floor.
Avg: 16.5 fc
Max: 63.8 fc
Min: 1.2 fc
Fixture Details
88
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Renderings of Tunnel
West Side Entrance to Tunnel
89
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Courtyard Entrance to Tunnel
90
CAL IT2
San Diego, CA
Brian Smith
Lighting Option
Courtyard Entrance to Tunnel
Conclusions
The underground tunnel is definitely the main focus for all of the redesigns I made. It
combines form with function to produce an intriguing display to guide people through.
Because of the constant advancement in the telecommunications industry, I wanted to
mimic this in the lighting design. Since this is, in a sense, the core of my building, its
guts are shown and can leave an impact on the people using it.
91