Revised 3/10
STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
FACILITIES RENEWAL AND REPLACEMENT PROJECT
UTILITIES AND SERVICES
This section contains the preliminary information for utility services to the following new
structures:
•
•
•
•
Stanford Hospital and Clinics - (SHC)
Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital (LPCH)
Hoover Medical Office Building (MOB)
SoM Foundations in Medicine (FIM) buildings
Existing Utilities and Loads
The existing Stanford Hospital, LPCH, and Hoover Pavilion are currently supplied utilities
from both Stanford’s Central Plant (steam and chilled water) and the City of Palo Alto
(power, water, sewer, storm drain, natural gas). On-site diesel generators and fuel storage
system provide emergency power.
Utilities provided by Stanford University’s Central Energy Facility (CEF), located on the
Stanford Campus at the intersection of Campus Drive and Via Ortega in unincorporated
Santa Clara County are:
•
•
•
Steam (current SUMC peak is 60,000 lb/hr, CEF capacity is 250,000 lb/hr)
Chilled Water (current SUMC peak is 7,700 tons, CEF capacity is 23,000 tons)
Backup Power supply from Stanford’s Cogen Plant -This power can be made
available by manually switching two feeders from the Stanford Cogen switchgear
to the Hospitals, supplying approximately 2 MW of manual backup power in the
event of loss of Palo Alto power.
Utilities and services provided by Palo Alto:
•
•
•
•
•
Power
Domestic water and Fire water (Note that Stanford University currently provides
fire protection water to the 1959 Main Medical Center Complex)
Sanitary Sewer
Natural Gas
Solid Waste Disposal
The existing utility loads are provided in the top half of Table 6-1.
Preliminary Utility Loads for Future Structures
The bottom half of Table 6-1 provides preliminary peak building demands for equipment
and line sizing purposes. The total future average daily consumption loads for the SUMC
are also provided in the table.
Page 1 of 8
Revised 5/08
Domestic water and sanitary sewer data are provided as peak demand (gpm) for line sizing
and average demand (gpd).
The peak tons of chilled water and peak lb/hr of steam are used for line sizing and CEF
production increases necessary to support the new loads.
Assumptions and sources of data in Table 6-1 are provided at the end of this section.
Table 6-2 provides similar information for the 2015 analysis year. Because of the phasing
of projects, the new hospitals would be constructed but most of the existing buildings
would not be yet torn down. FIM 1 would be constructed, and the Edwards Building
would be demolished. Utilities associated with conditioning space (i.e., power, steam,
chilled water) would peak in 2015, until the existing buildings were demolished and
replaced with smaller, more efficient buildings.
Existing Emergency Generators
The following table provides a list of the existing emergency generators that support the
buildings in the SUMC area. The locations are provided on Figure 6-1a.
Generator
number on
map
EGD 881,
882, 883,
884
Building served
Size of generator
SHC and LPCH
EGD 880
EGD 822
EGD 812
EGD 885
EGD 817
EGD 814
EGD 821
Falk
Advanced Medicine Center
Blake-Wilbur Clinic
Parking Structure 4
701 Welch Road
Grant
Alway, Lane, Edwards (and
Fairchild, located in Santa
Clara County)
Hoover
Four 2-MW generators, with three
necessary to provide power during an
emergency, and the fourth available as a
spare
0.15-MW generator
1.5-MW generator + 0.5-MW generator
0.2-MW generator
0.2-MW generator
0.06-MW generator
0.4-MW generator
0.8-MW generator
EGD 810
0.15-MW generator
Future Emergency Generators
The existing emergency generators at SUMC will not be of sufficient capacity to fully
meet the OSHPD requirements for emergency power at the SUMC after the proposed
project. At this time, it is estimated that OSHPD will require an additional 21 MW of
emergency generators (ten 2-MW generators) for SHC and LPCH. Although the exact
location has not been determined, it can be assumed that these additional generators would
be located 1) seven generators for SHC underground between Advanced Medicine Center
Page 2 of 8
Revised 5/08
and the proposed hospital, and 2) three generators for LPCH adjacent to the existing
emergency generators near Quarry Road. In addition, each of the three proposed School of
Medicine (FIMs) buildings would have an emergency generator located in two locations in
proximity to the proposed buildings, with no more than two generators at any location.
The existing generators serving 701 Welch and Grant would be removed (Generator EGD
821 would remain to serve Fairchild).
In summary, the following generators would be added and deleted to serve the project:
To be added:
Location
on map
S1
L1
F1
F1 or F2
F2
Building served
Size of generator
SHC
LPCH
FIM 1
FIM 2
FIM 3
Seven 2-MW generators
Three 2-MW generators
1.5-MW generator
1-MW generator
1-MW generator
To be deleted:
Generator
Building served
number on
map
EGD 817
701 Welch Road
EGD 814
Grant
Size of generator
0.06-MW generator
0.4-MW generator
Figure 6-1b shows the potential locations of the future emergency generators and the
existing emergency generators that would remain at the end of the project.
Existing Major Mechanical Equipment
Major mechanical equipment in the area includes Stanford University’s CEF. In addition,
there is rooftop mechanical equipment on the existing hospital facilities. The approximate
location of major mechanical equipment is shown on Figure 6-2a.
Future Major Mechanical Equipment
As a separate and independent project, Stanford University has proposed an expansion of
the Central Energy Facility (CEF) to support additional campus-wide chilled water
demands (i.e., Cooling Tower 5 project submitted to Santa Clara County). The increased
steam and chilled water demand of the SUMC Facilities Renewal and Replacement Project
would be accommodated at the Central Energy Facility. The chilled water peak demand
increase of 3,400 ton-hrs/day would be accommodated by a large chiller placed in an
existing building or the Cooling Tower 5 building. The steam demand increase of 60,000
lb/hour would be accommodated by replacement of existing boilers with more efficient,
lower emitting, ones. This boiler replacement would be conducted under existing air
Page 3 of 8
Revised 5/08
emission limits such that no increase in emissions over current air permit limits would
occur.
The new buildings will also have rooftop mechanical equipment (Figure 6-2b), similar to
the existing mechanical equipment.
Locations of Utility Routing
Figure 6-3a shows the existing primary utility routing in the SUMC area. Figure 6-3b
shows the currently anticipated routing after the project is completed. It is anticipated that
any rerouting or increase in capacity will occur in existing utility corridors or roads and
will not result in additional environmental impact.
Page 4 of 8
Revised 5/08
Source/Assumption notes for Table 6-1:
Stanford Utilities: all Chilled Water and Steam demand peaks and daily averages for
existing load were taken from metered data
Mazzetti & Associates: Existing Loads (except existing Chilled Water and Steam) and
Future Loads for all buildings (except FIMs)
Gayner Engineers: Future Loads for FIMs
PEAK POWER DEMAND
Existing peak power demand: Based upon either utility bills, or measured load metering
data from Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for a 6-month period in
2007, depending on what data were available. The peak demand was found by taking the
highest reading during that period.
New peak power demand for hospitals and clinics: Calculated by determining existing rate
per square foot based upon SCADA data described above [5.56VA/sf] increased by 10% to
reflect increased usage rate due to analysis of program requirements and assuming a power
factor of .88 [6.11 VA/sf]. A factor of 0.88 is obtained from SCADA data. Determination
of increased rate recognizes that patient rooms and hospital lighting will be more energy
efficient than existing buildings. However, increases in intensive technology uses such as
imaging equipment, and ventilation requirements for increased number of operating rooms,
will require higher levels of power. Overall, new buildings are expected to have slightly
higher rates than existing buildings despite energy-saving design attributes.
New peak power demand for FIMs: Assumed 14.4 VA/sf as industry standard for
academic laboratory buildings.
AVERAGE POWER CONSUMPTION
Existing average power consumption: Annual consumption was found using the SCADA
metering data and utility bills. The SCADA data had a net kWh column for half of the
year. At each 15 minute interval, the kWh measurement is taken. The average power
consumption is found from the first meter reading subtracted from the last and then the
result was multiplied by two to obtain the whole year. The assumption here is the first half
of the year will be the same and the second. For buildings measured with utility bills, the
kWh is given for each month. The annual consumption using the utility bills was the
obtained by summing each month.
New average power consumption for hospitals: The new average power consumption for
the hospital is based on a factor of 0.094 kWh/sf per day which is calculated from the
existing data.
New average power consumption for clinics: The new average power consumption for
clinics is based on a factor of 0.042 kWh/sf per day, which is based on experience of
clinics that receive power from a separate distribution system that solely serves the clinical
space.
New average power consumption for FIMs: Total Demand Projection for all three FIM
building is 5,979 KVa. Since there is no chiller involved in the building system, the largest
load variation would be the HVAC motor load (VFD driven motors) and connected load
Page 5 of 8
Revised 3/10
for lab equipment. Assuming a 0.65 factor for average power, the average daily
consumption would be 0.65 x 5979 kva x 24 hours * 0.8 kw = 74617 Kwh per day.
PEAK WATER DEMAND
Existing peak water demand: Calculated based on building type and area.
[Peak=0.00074xSFx1.05]
New peak water demand for hospitals: New peak water consumption for a hospital is
estimated based on building type and building size. Peak = 0.00074xSFx1.05]
New peak water demand for clinics: New peak water consumption for a clinic is estimated
based on building type and building size. Use factor 0.00062xSFx1.05]
New peak water demand for FIMs: Peak water demand is calculated based on Plumbing
Fixture Calculation per the Uniform Plumbing Code. Estimates of plumbing fixtures and
lab equipment water usage were established based on the program square footage of the
buildings.
AVERAGE WATER CONSUMPTION
Existing average water consumption: Except Falk and LPCH, existing average water
consumption is based upon measured load data in water bills from January 2007 to April
2008. Total consumption during that 15-month billing period was divided by the number
of days in period to find average daily consumption. A few buildings had higher water
demands in 2008 from recent changes in occupancy and the higher water demands were
used for these buildings. Existing average water consumption at Falk and LPCH was
estimated based upon measured data at similar buildings at SUMC.
New average water consumption for hospitals: Factors are based on Mazzetti &
Associates’ experience with other comparable hospitals facilities. Factors take into
account pre-existing water usage at the SUMC facilities. In developing these factors,
Mazzetti took into account demand broken down by department and generated composite
rates per square foot using Hunter’s curves. Factors do not include added water
conservation measures, which are described in Stanford’s correspondence to the City dated
February 13, 2009 and April 28, 2009. A rate of 0.204 gpd/sf is used for the new SHC
facilities, which is comparable to the water usage at the existing SHC facilities. A rate of
0.213 gpd/sf is used for the new LPCH facilities, which is comparable to the water usage at
the existing LPCH facilities.
New average water consumption for clinics: Medical office buildings and clinics have a
lower load density than hospitals. Used 0.1 [gal/(sf day)] for average water consumption.
Factor based on Mazzetti & Associates’ experience with other comparable medical office
and clinic buildings. Factors do not take into account added water conservation measures,
which are described in Stanford’s correspondence to the City dated February 13, 2009 and
April 28, 2009.
New average water consumption for FIMs: Average water demand was based on estimate
of number of building occupants, frequency of usage of plumbing fixtures, and projected
water usage for laboratory equipment (e.g., glass washing). The average water demand
Page 6 of 8
Revised 3/10
provided in Table 6-1 includes the effect of planned conservation measures (with a
targeted result of water demand 25% below similar existing campus buildings).
PEAK SEWER DEMAND
Existing peak sewer demand: Calculated based on 95% of peak water demand value.
New peak sewer demand for hospitals and clinics: Calculated based on 95% of peak water
demand value for new buildings.
New peak sewer demand for FIMs: Calculated based on 95% of peak water demand
value.
AVERAGE SEWER CONSUMPTION
Existing average sewer consumption: Calculated based on 95% of average water demand
value.
New average sewer consumption for hospitals and clinics: Calculated based on 95% of
average water demand value for new buildings.
New average sewer consumption for FIMs: Calculated based on 95% of average water
demand value.
PEAK CHILLED WATER DEMAND (tons of CW)
Existing peak chilled water demand: Based upon a review of measured peak CW demand
in tons experienced at SHC, LPCH and SoM on 5/15/08 when outdoor temperatures were
approximately 95F in the afternoon. Each building has separate CW flow meters and delta
temperatures which can be calculated into tons. (1 ton = 12,000 Btu/hr)
New peak chilled water demand for hospitals and clinics: Factor based on Mazzetti &
Associates experience with other hospitals and medical office buildings. CHW tons =
0.003xSFx(Zone Factor) The Zone Factor is assigned to distinguish between an acute care
unit (i.e. Zone Factor =2, and a pharmacy (Zone Factor =0.8) for example. Areas are
assigned area multipliers based on expected load density per Mazzetti experience.
New peak chilled water demand for FIMs: Assume 250 sq-ft/ton for peak CW demand
based on existing building peaks for similar building types (wet labs) in Northern
California.
AVERAGE DAILY CHILLED WATER CONSUMPTION (ton-hrs/day)
Existing average daily chilled water consumption: Calculated average based upon a
review of yearly measured consumption in ton-hrs used at SHC, LPCH and SoM buildings
from Jan 2007 to Dec 2007 (12 months). Total metered consumption was divided by
number of days (365) to calculate average daily consumption for each building.
New average daily chilled water consumption for hospitals, clinics, and FIMs: The
average daily CW consumption is based on the consumption of similar buildings with
measured ton-hrs/sqft/yr. Wet labs (hospitals and FIM’s) use 12 ton-hrs/sqft/yr. Dry labs
(clinics) use 6 ton-hrs/sqft/yr.
Page 7 of 8
Revised 3/10
PEAK STEAM DEMAND (lbs/hr steam flow)
Existing peak steam demand: Based upon a review of daily measured steam flow demand
in lb/hr experienced at SHC, LPCH and SoM on 1/13/08 when steam flow peaked near
7am in the morning. Each building has separate steam metering stations measuring steam
velocity, pressure and temperature.
New peak steam demand for hospitals and clinics: Factor based on Mazzetti & Associates
experience with other hospitals and medical office buildings. Steam tons = 0.04xSFx(Zone
Factor). The area multiplier is assigned to distinguish between an acute care unit (i.e.,
Zone Factor =1.25, and a pharmacy (Zone Factor =0.8) for example. Areas are assigned
area multipliers based on expected load density per Mazzetti experience.
New peak steam demand for FIMs: Assume 30 sq-ft / (lb/hr) for peak steam demand
based on existing building peaks for similar type buildings (wet labs).
AVERAGE DAILY STEAM CONSUMPTION (lbs/day steam usage)
Existing average daily steam consumption: Calculated average based upon a review of
yearly measured consumption in lbs steam used at SHC, LPCH and SoM buildings from
Jan 2007 to Dec 2007 (12 months). Total metered consumption was divided by number of
days (365) to calculate average daily consumption for each building. Note that this is a
daily average for a complete year’s usage, and that seasonal variations in steam flow are
significant for building heating. Process heating (sterilization) is usually consistent though
out the year
New average daily steam consumption for hospitals, clinics, and FIMs: The average daily
steam consumption is based on the consumption of similar buildings with measured
lbs/sqft/yr. Wet labs (hospitals and FIM’s) use 200 lbs/sqft/yr. Dry labs (clinics) use 50
lbs/sqft/yr
Page 8 of 8
Revised 10/08
Table 6-1
Preliminary Utility Load Summary Table
SHC, LPCH, & MOBs LOCATED IN CITY OF PALO ALTO
Utility Provider
BGSF
Palo Alto
Power
peak
demand
kW
Palo Alto
Power
avg daily
consumption
kWh/day
Palo Alto
Water
peak
demand
gpm
Palo Alto
Water
avg daily
consumption
gallons/day
Palo Alto
Sewer
peak
demand
gpm
Palo Alto
Sewer
avg daily
consumption
gallons/day
Stanford
Chilled Water
peak
demand
ton-hrs/day
Stanford
Chilled Water
avg daily
consumption
tons
Stanford
Steam
peak
demand
lb/hr
Stanford
Steam
avg daily
consumption
lb/day
Existing Utility Loads
SHC
Core, East West, Boswell, Core Exp, HMP
1,096,300
5,300
103,000
750
160,000
710
152,000
3,200
26,000
33,000
402,000
40,100
240
1,700
30
8,400
30
8,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Children's Hospital
274,700
1,100
23,600
210
58,000
190
55,000
700
4,000
6,000
64,000
701 and 703 Welch
79,800
430
5,000
60
10,500
60
10,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
SHC
Falk Center
52,200
250
5,600
40
11,000
40
10,500
200
2,000
2,000
11,000
SHC
Blake Wilbur Building
73,100
560
8,600
60
9,500
50
9,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
SHC
Advanced Medicine Center
224,800
1,040
22,100
180
18,000
170
17,100
800
6,000
N/A
N/A
SoM
Grant, Alway, Lane, Edwards
415,000
2,000
33,400
300
83,000
220
46,000
2,800
14,000
17,000
193,000
SHC
Hoover Pavilion
84,200
240
3,500
60
3,640
60
3,000
N/A
N/A
2,000
12,000
11,160
Power
peak
demand
kW
206,500
Power
avg daily
consumption
p
kWh/day
1,690
Water
peak
demand
gpm
362,040
Water
avg daily
consumption
p
gallons/day
1,530
Sewer
peak
demand
gpm
310,600
Sewer
avg daily
consumption
p
gallons/day
7,700
Chilled Water
peak
demand
ton-hrs/day
52,000
Chilled Water
avg daily
consumption
p
tons
60,000
Steam
peak
demand
lb/hr
682,000
Steam
avg daily
consumption
p
lb/day
1,100,000
5,900
103,000
860
224,000
820
222,000
4,000
36,000
45,000
603,000
429,000
2,000
18,000
150
43,000
135
40,000
860
7,000
14,000
59,000
(441,200)
(2,000)
(34,160)
(310)
(88,000)
(230)
(48,000)
(10,000)
(15,000)
(185,000)
(40,100)
(240)
(1,700)
(30)
(8,400)
(30)
(8,000)
N/A
(223,800)
(1,400)
(21,590)
(160)
(45,000)
(120)
(25,000)
(500)
471,300
2,500
44,300
370
100,000
350
95,000
50,000
230
2,100
30
5,000
30
Demo - 701 and 703 Welch
(79,800)
(430)
(5,000)
(60)
(10,500)
SoM
New Foundation in Medicine Bldg 1,2,3
415,000
4,200
74,600
380
SoM
Demo - Grant, Alway, Lane, Edwards
(415,000)
(2,000)
(33,400)
SHC
Hoover New Medical Office Building
60,000
280
1101 Welch
LPCH
Subtotals - Existing Loads
BGSF
New Utility Loads
SHC
New Stanford Hospital
SHC
New SHC Clinics
SHC
Demo - Core, East, West, Boswell
Demo - 1101 Welch
Demo - Core Expansion
LPCH
New LPCH Hospital
LPCH
New LPCH Clinics
Subtotals- Proposed Load Increases
Total SUMC Load after Project
`
(1,400)
N/A
N/A
N/A
(6,000)
(7,000)
(81,000)
1,350
15,000
18,000
258,000
4,750
100
1,000
2,000
7,000
(60)
(10,000)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
34,200
360
32,500
1,600
14,000
18,500
227,000
(300)
(83,000)
(220)
(46,000)
(2,800)
(14,000)
(17,000)
(193,000)
2,500
40
6,000
40
5,700
200
1,000
2,000
8,000
9,040
148,650
970
177,300
1,075
262,950
3,410
44,000
60,500
703,000
20,200
355,150
2,660
539,340
2,605
573,550
11,110
96,000
120,500
1,385,000
Revised 12/08
Table 6-2
Preliminary Utility Load Summary Table in 2015 snapshot scenario
SUH, LPCH, & MOBs LOCATED IN CITY OF PALO ALTO
Utility Provider
BGSF
Palo Alto
Power
peak
demand
kW
Palo Alto
Power
avg daily
consumption
kWh/day
Palo Alto
Water
peak
demand
gpm
Palo Alto
Water
avg daily
consumption
gallons/day
Palo Alto
Sewer
peak
demand
gpm
Palo Alto
Sewer
avg daily
consumption
gallons/day
Stanford
Chilled Water
peak
demand
ton-hrs/day
Stanford
Chilled Water
avg daily
consumption
tons
Stanford
Steam
peak
demand
lb/hr
Stanford
Steam
avg daily
consumption
lb/day
Existing Utility Loads
SHC
Core, East West, Boswell, Core Exp, HMP
1,096,300
5,300
103,000
750
160,000
710
152,000
3,200
26,000
33,000
402,000
40,100
240
1,700
30
8,400
30
8,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Children's Hospital
274,700
1,100
23,600
210
58,000
190
55,000
700
4,000
6,000
64,000
701 and 703 Welch
79,800
430
5,000
60
10,500
60
10,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
SHC
Falk Center
52,200
250
5,600
40
11,000
40
10,500
200
2,000
2,000
11,000
SHC
Blake Wilbur Building
73,100
560
8,600
60
9,500
50
9,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
SHC
Advanced Medicine Center
224,800
1,040
22,100
180
18,000
170
17,100
800
6,000
N/A
N/A
SoM
Grant, Alway, Lane, Edwards
415,000
2,000
33,400
300
83,000
220
46,000
2,800
14,000
17,000
193,000
SHC
Hoover Pavilion
84,200
240
3,500
60
3,640
60
3,000
N/A
N/A
2,000
12,000
11,160
Power
peak
demand
kW
206,500
Power
avg daily
consumption
kWh/day
1,690
Water
peak
demand
gpm
362,040
Water
avg daily
consumption
gallons/day
1,530
Sewer
peak
demand
gpm
310,600
Sewer
avg daily
consumption
gallons/day
7,700
Chilled Water
peak
demand
ton-hrs/day
52,000
Chilled Water
avg daily
consumption
tons
60,000
Steam
peak
demand
lb/hr
682,000
Steam
avg daily
consumption
lb/day
5,900
103,000
4,000
36,000
45,000
603,000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1101 Welch
LPCH
Subtotals - Existing Loads
BGSF
New Utility Loads
SHC
New Stanford Hospital
1,100,000
SHC
New SHC Clinics
Not built
SHC
Demo - Core, East, West, Boswell
Demo - 1101 Welch
Demo - Core Expansion
LPCH
New LPCH Hospital
LPCH
New LPCH Clinics
Not demo'd
(40,100)
(240)
(1,700)
Not demo'd
471,300
2,500
44,300
1,350
15,000
18,000
258,000
50,000
230
2,100
100
1,000
2,000
7,000
Demo - 701 and 703 Welch
(79,800)
(430)
(5,000)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
SoM
New Foundation in Medicine Bldg 1 *
185,000
33,570
720
6,300
8,325
102,150
SoM
Demo - Edwards **
66,000
(320)
(5,344)
(448)
(2,240)
(2,720)
(30,880)
SHC
Hoover New Medical Office Building
60,000
280
2,500
200
1,000
2,000
8,000
9,810
173,426
582
106,380
645
157,770
5,922
57,060
72,605
947,270
20,970
379,926
2,272
468,420
2,175
468,370
13,622
109,060
132,605
1,629,270
Subtotals- Proposed Load Increases
Total SUMC Load after Project
1,890
Source/Assumption notes:
* Only FIM 1 built (45% of eventual load of all three FIMs)
** Only Edwards demo'd (16% of eventual load credit from demolishing Grant, Alway, Lane, Edwards
Note: Power, Chilled Water, and Steam demand is based on square footage and is therefore higher in 2015
Note: Water and Sewer additional loads based on population, and are therefore estimated to be 60% of total increase (using the same methodology as for traffic in 2015).