H
Friday 6 June 2014 –Afternoon
TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE
GCSE BIOLOGY A
A162/02 Modules B4 B5 B6 (Higher Tier)
FINAL MARK SCHEME
Duration: 1 Hour
MAXIMUM MARK
60
FINAL MARK SCHEME
Last updated: 20/06/2014
(FOR OFFICE USE ONLY)
This document consists of 18 pages
MARKING INSTRUCTIONS – FOR MARKING ON-SCREEN AND FOR PAPER BASED MARKING
1.
Mark strictly to the mark scheme.
2.
Marks awarded must relate directly to the marking criteria.
3.
The schedule of dates is very important. It is essential that you meet the scoris 50% and 100% (traditional 40% Batch 1 and 100% Batch 2)
deadlines. If you experience problems, you must contact your Team Leader (Supervisor) without delay.
4.
If you are in any doubt about applying the mark scheme, consult your Team Leader by telephone or the scoris messaging system, or by
email.
5.
Crossed Out, Rubric Error (Optional Questions) and Multiple Responses
Crossed Out Responses
Where a candidate has crossed out a response and provided a clear alternative then the crossed out response is not marked. Where no
alternative response has been provided, examiners may give candidates the benefit of the doubt and mark the crossed out response where
legible.
Rubric Error Responses – Optional Questions
Where candidates have a choice of question across a whole paper or a whole section and have provided more answers than required, then
all responses are marked and the highest mark allowable within the rubric is given. (The underlying assumption is that the candidate has
penalised themselves by attempting more questions than necessary in the time allowed.)
Multiple Choice Question Responses
When a multiple choice question has only a single, correct response and a candidate provides two responses (even if one of these responses
is correct), then no mark should be awarded (as it is not possible to determine which was the first response selected by the candidate).
When a question requires candidates to select more than one option/multiple options, then local marking arrangements need to ensure
consistency of approach.
Contradictory Responses
When a candidate provides contradictory responses, then no mark should be awarded, even if one of the answers is correct.
Short Answer Questions (requiring only a list by way of a response, usually worth only one mark per response)
Where candidates are required to provide a set number of short answer responses then only the set number of responses should be marked.
The response space should be marked from left to right on each line and then line by line until the required number of responses have been
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
considered. The remaining responses should not then be marked. Examiners will have to apply judgement as to whether a ‘second
response’ on a line is a development of the ‘first response’, rather than a separate, discrete response. (The underlying assumption is that the
candidate is attempting to hedge their bets and therefore getting undue benefit rather than engaging with the question and giving the most
relevant/correct responses.)
Short Answer Questions (requiring a more developed response, worth two or more marks)
If the candidates are required to provide a description of, say, three items or factors and four items or factors are provided, then mark on a
similar basis – that is downwards (as it is unlikely in this situation that a candidate will provide more than one response in each section of the
response space.)
Longer Answer Questions (requiring a developed response)
Where candidates have provided two (or more) responses to a medium or high tariff question which only required a single (developed)
response and not crossed out the first response, then only the first response should be marked. Examiners will need to apply professional
judgement as to whether the second (or a subsequent) response is a ‘new start’ or simply a poorly expressed continuation of the first
response.
6.
7.
8.
Always check the additional pages (and additional objects if present) at the end of the response in case any answers have been continued
there. If the candidate has continued an answer there then add a tick to confirm that the work has been seen. The ‘link page’ check box
should be used on scoris to link candidate responses in additional objects to the corresponding question number.
a. Where additional objects are present, all pages must contain an annotation, or scoris will not allow you to submit the script. Where no
response is given by a candidate on a whole page the ‘BP’ annotation must be applied.
b. Where generic answer booklets are used, all pages must contain an annotation, or scoris will not allow you to submit the script. Wheno
response is given by a candidate on a whole page the ‘BP’ annotation must be applied.
c. Where structured answer booklets are used, the ‘BP’ annotation must be applied to all pages where no response is given by a
candidate.
There is a NR (No Response) option. Award NR (No Response)
if there is nothing written at all in the answer space
OR if there is a comment which does not in anyway relate to the question (e.g. ‘can’t do’, ‘don’t know’)
OR if there is a mark (e.g. a dash, a question mark) which isn’t an attempt at the question
Note: Award 0 marks - for an attempt that earns no credit (including copying out the question)
The scoris comments box is used by your team leader to explain the marking of the practice responses. Please refer to these comments
when checking your practice responses. Do not use the comments box for any other reason.
If you have any questions or comments for your team leader, use the phone, the scoris messaging system, or e-mail.
3
A162/02
9.
June 2014
For answers marked by levels of response:
a.
To determine the level – start at the highest level and work down until you reach the level that matches the answer
b.
To determine the mark within the level, consider the following:
Descriptor
On the borderline of this level and the one
below
Just enough achievement on balance for this
level
Meets the criteria but with some slight
inconsistency
Consistently meets the criteria for this level
10.
Final Mark Scheme
Award mark
At bottom of level
Above bottom and either below middle or at middle of level (depending on number of marks
available)
Above middle and either below top of level or at middle of level (depending on number of marks
available)
At top of level
Contradictory Responses:
When a candidate provides contradictory responses, then no mark should be awarded, even if one of the answers is correct.
4
A162/02
11.
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
Annotations
Used in the detailed Mark Scheme:
Annotation
/
(1)
not/reject
ignore
allow/accept
(words)
words
ecf
AW/owtte
ORA
Meaning
alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point
separates marking points
answers which are not worthy of credit
statements which are irrelevant - applies to neutral answers
answers that can be accepted
words which are not essential to gain credit
underlined words must be present in answer to score a mark
error carried forward
credit alternative wording / or words to that effect
or reverse argument
Available in scoris to annotate scripts:
Blank Page – this annotation must be used on all blank pages within an answer booklet (structured
or unstructured) and on each page of an additional object where there is no candidate response.
correct response
incorrect response
0
,
L1
BOD
benefit of doubt
NBOD
no benefit of doubt
ECF
error carried forward
,
^
CON
L2
,
L3
indicate level awarded for a question marked by level of response
information omitted
contradiction
5
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
R
June 2014
reject
indicate uncertainty or ambiguity
draw attention to particular part of candidate’s response
12.
ADDITIONAL OBJECTS: You must assess and annotate the additional objects for each script you mark. Where credit is awarded,
appropriate annotation must be used. If no credit is to be awarded for the additional object, please use annotation as agreed at the SSU.
6
A162/02
13.
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
Subject-specific Marking Instructions
a.
Accept any clear, unambiguous response (including mis-spellings of scientific terms if they are phonetically correct, but always check
the guidance column for exclusions).
b.
Crossed out answers should be considered only if no other response has been made. When marking crossed out responses, accept
correct answers which are clear and unambiguous.
e.g. for a one-mark question where ticks in the third and fourth boxes are required for the mark:








This would be worth
1 mark.
This would be worth
0 marks.
7
This would be worth
1 mark.
A162/02
c.
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
Marking method for tick-box questions:
If there is a set of boxes, some of which should be ticked and others left empty, then judge the entire set of boxes.
If there is at least one tick, ignore crosses and other markings. If there are no ticks, accept clear, unambiguous indications, e.g.
shading or crosses. Credit should be given according to the instructions given in the guidance column for the question. If more boxes
are ticked than there are correct answers, then deduct one mark for each additional tick. Candidates cannot score less than zero marks.
e.g. if a question requires candidates to identify cities in England:
Edinburgh
Manchester
Paris
Southampton
the second and fourth boxes should have ticks (or other clear indication of choice) and the first and third should be blank (or have
indication of choice crossed out).

Edinburgh
Manchester

×

Paris
Southampton

×
Score:
2
2






1
1
1







1
0


0
8

0
NR
A162/02
d.
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
For answers marked by levels of response:
i.
Read through the whole answer from start to finish
ii.
Decide the level that best fits the answer – match the quality of the answer to the closest level descriptor
iii.
To determine the mark within the level, consider the following:
Descriptor
Award mark
A good match to the level descriptor
The higher mark in the level
Just matches the level descriptor
The lower mark in the level
iv.
Use the L1, L2, L3 annotations in Scoris to show your decision; do not use ticks.
Quality of Written Communication skills assessed in 6-mark extended writing questions include:

appropriate use of correct scientific terms

spelling, punctuation and grammar

developing a structured, persuasive argument

selecting and using evidence to support an argument

considering different sides of a debate in a balanced way

logical sequencing
9
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
Question
1 a
Expected Answers
Marks
Either stoma
1
June 2014
Additional Guidance
Direction of arrow must be clear
Must have arrow heads and labels
Accept correct formula
oxygen
carbon dioxide
b
3
The leaf only photosynthesises during the day.
Each extra tick negates one correct tick
Rolled up leaves are much stronger.
Hairs reduce air movement around the lower
surface of the leaf.

Water vapour builds up inside the rolled up leaf.

Some cells contain the green pigment
chlorophyll.
Light intensity is a limiting factor.
The stomata are at the bottom of pits.

The leaf only respires at night.
Total
One tick one mark
[4]
10
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
Question
Expected Answers
Marks
Additional Guidance
6
This question is targeted at grades up to A
2
[Level 3]
Gives good detailed description linked to an
explanation of the complete shape of the graph.
Indicative scientific explanation points may include:
• lock and key
Quality of written communication does not impede
• active sites
communication of the science at this level.
• ref to substrate fits into active site
(5 – 6 marks)
• ref to enzyme-substrate complex
• denaturing / change of shape of active site (in correct context)
[Level 2]
• ref. to bonds breaking
Gives at least one descriptive point AND
• substrate no longer fits
some explanation of how enzyme works
• reversibility
Quality of written communication partly impedes
communication of the science at this level.
(3 – 4 marks)
Indicative scientific description points may include
• no reaction at 3 and below
• as pH increases (from 3-6) / acidity decreases,
[Level 1]
rate increases ora
Gives basic description of shape of graph OR
• works best /optimum at pH 6
how enzymes work
Quality of written communication impedes
• as pH increases (from 6) / alkalinity increases, rate decreases
communication of the science at this level.
• no reaction at 9 and above
(1 – 2 marks)
• works over a range of 3 to 9
• rate of reaction increases and then decreases
[Level 0]
Insufficient or irrelevant science. Answer not
worthy of credit.
(0 marks)
Use the L1, L2, L3 annotations in Scoris; do not use
ticks.
Total
[6]
11
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
Question
3 a
Expected Answers
Marks
Additional Guidance
Accept 1440 or 960 or 288 or 96 or 480 for first MP
2
75
50
15
5
25
2880 ;
150
19.2 / 19 / 19.2:1 / 19:1 / 96:5 ;
b
Correct answer = 2 marks
Ignore units
Type A provides a lot of energy / type B provides
little energy;
2
To prevent / reduce production of lactic acid / type
B produces lactic acid ;
c
i
A no correlation or description ;
Accept prevent cramp / pain
4
e.g. In A / 1st section / 0 – 30 mins, one goes up and one stays
the same
B positive correlation or description ;
e.g. In B / 2nd section / 30 – 60 mins, both go up
C negative correlation or description ;
e.g. In C / 3rd section / 60 – 75 mins, one goes up , the other
goes down
D positive correlation or description ;
e.g. In D /4th section /75 – end, both go down
ii
1
Repeat the same training a number of
times.
Repeat her training but only run for 60
minutes.
Run more slowly so that her heart rate
does not rise too much.
Repeat the same experiment on other
runners.
Total
June 2014
One tick one mark

Each extra tick negates one correct tick
[9]
12
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
Question
4 a
Expected Answers
Marks
3
Genes to make a
neurotransmitter.
Genes to make a cell
membrane
Additional Guidance
One tick one mark
Genes to control temperature.
Genes to make chlorophyll.
June 2014
Each extra tick negates one correct tick


Genes to make carbon dioxide.
Genes to control diffusion.
Genes to make enzymes.

b
2
Embryos are livings things.
Embryos have some genes
switched off.
Embryos can develop into human
beings.
One tick one mark

Each extra tick negates one correct tick

Embryo cells contain DNA.
Embryos have some genes
switched on.
Total
[5]
13
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
Question
Expected Answers
Marks
Additional Guidance
6
This question is targeted at grades up to A*
5
[Level 3]
A good description of coding AND enzyme being
made.
Indicative scientific points for coding may include:
• DNA contains bases
Quality of written communication does not impede
• bases are A T C G
communication of the science at this level.
• the order of bases (in a gene) is the code for building up amino
(5 – 6 marks)
acids in the correct order
• 3 bases needed to code for 1 amino acid
[Level 2]
• triplet code
Incomplete description of coding AND enzyme
• DNA unzips
being made.
• mRNA / codon / a copy (of the gene) is made
Quality of written communication partly impedes
communication of the science at this level.
(3 – 4 marks)
Indicative scientific points for making an enzyme may
include:
• mRNA / codon / a copy leaves the nucleus
[Level 1]
• mRNA / codon / a copy goes to cytoplasm / ribosome
Simple description of DNA code OR how enzyme
• cytoplasm / ribosome where enzyme / protein is made
is made
• amino acids are added in the correct sequence
Quality of written communication impedes
• proteins/ enzymes are made from amino acids
communication of the science at this level.
(1 – 2 marks)
[Level 0]
Insufficient or irrelevant science. Answer not
worthy of credit.
(0 marks)
Total
Use the L1, L2, L3 annotations in Scoris; do not use
ticks.
[6]
14
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
Question
Expected Answers
1000 000 000 or 109;;
6 a
b
If no correct answer allow working for 1 mark
Understand that 10-6 is one millionth / 0.000001 /
1____ OR 1000 is 103
1 000 000
Any three from:
1 % stimulation occurs from concentrations
of 10 -4 / 10-3
OR no % stimulation below 10-4 /10-3;
Marks
Additional Guidance
Correct answer = 2 marks
2
3
Ignore units
Accept growth for % stimulation throughout the answer
2
% stimulation occurs between 10-4 / 10-3 - 80 ;
Accept 70 – 90 (ppm) for 80 throughout
3
% stimulation increases in range from 10-4 – 8 ;
Accept 6 – 10 (ppm) for 8 throughout
4
% stimulation decreases from 8 ;
5 Maximum / peak /optimum, % stimulation at 8 ;
Accept 70 – 90 (ppm) for 80
6 Above 80 (ppm) shoot growth inhibited /
100% OR maximum inhibition at 1000 ;
7
c
increasing auxin concentration does not always
result in more growth ;
Any four from:
Auxin produced in tip;
4
Accept made / released
diffuses (downwards);
accumulates on dark side / away from light ;
(on dark side) more growth / cells elongate ;
Ignore moves / faces
plant / shoot, bends / grow towards light;
15
June 2014
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
Total
[9]
16
June 2014
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
Question
Expected Answers
Any two from:
7 a
A / flashing lights OR C /hearing music, is sensory ;
Marks
2
Additional Guidance
B / movement / muscle / effector is motor ;
C is not lower back / B is not upper front ora ;
Not enough information to be certain / AW ;
b
3
SSRIs break down serotonin molecules.
SSRIs stop serotonin from being produced.
SSRIs block sites where serotonin is removed from the synapse.

SSRIs stimulate the serotonin receptor sites on the second neuron.

Each extra tick negates one correct tick
SSRIs slow down the production of serotonin.
SSRIs have a similar effect to serotonin.

SSRIs are rapidly broken down in the synapse.
SSRIs effects are due to an increased serotonin concentration in the synapse.
c

2
Any two from:
Idea that patient may not benefit directly;
Patient may be harmed ;
Idea of informed consent / patient cannot give consent ;
Total
[7]
17
4 correct = 3 marks
3 correct = 2 marks
2 correct = 1 mark
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
Question
8 a
Expected Answers
An insect flies away when it see a sudden
movement.
Steve is frightened of the dentist and starts to
sweat when he goes for a check-up.
A baby jumps when there is a loud noise.
A baby who was frightened by a clown cries
when given a clown doll.
Jane’s pupils get smaller in bright light.
Marks
Additional Guidance
One C = one mark
2
Each extra C negates one correct C
C
C
b
dog sees food
c
Accept ticks or other notation
2
Two / three correct = 2 marks
One correct = one mark
2
Ignore ref. to human example / Pavlov’s dog
2
Ignore messages / signals
secondary
stimulus
dog produces
saliva
final response
dog hears bell
ring
primary
stimulus
Example of conditioned reflex / response;
Explanation of how it is useful ;
d
Nerve impulse sent from brain;
(impulse) to motor neurone / muscle / effector (in
arm) ;
Total
[8]
18
June 2014
A162/02
Final Mark Scheme
June 2014
Question
Expected Answers
Marks
Additional Guidance
6
This question is targeted at grades up to C
9
[Level 3]
Some detail of nervous pathway involved and may
include description of squirrel behaviour
Indicative scientific points may include:
• receptors
Quality of written communication does not impede
• sensory neuron
communication of the science at this level.
• processing centre
(5 – 6 marks)
• coordination
• motor neuron
[Level 2]
• effector / muscle /adrenaline (epinephrine)
Ref. to sense organ / receptor / brain / nerves
/muscles and may include some description of
• impulses are electrical
squirrel behaviour
• impulses are fast
• impulses are short lived
Quality of written communication partly impedes
• reference to synapses
communication of the science at this level.
(3 – 4 marks)
• relevant suggestion of what squirrel does
• explanation of why squirrel does it / idea of increased survival.
[Level 1]
Description of squirrel behaviour OR why it does it
Quality of written communication impedes
communication of the science at this level.
(1 – 2 marks)
Use the L1, L2, L3 annotations in Scoris; do not use
ticks.
[Level 0]
Insufficient or irrelevant science. Answer not
worthy of credit.
(0 marks)
Total
[6]
Paper total
60
19