1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Passive Components
Welcome to the Principles of Electric Circuits.
You will study important ideas that are used in
electronics. You may already be familiar with a
few of the important parts used in electronic
circuits. Resistors are introduced in Chapter 2.
Color bands
Resistance material
(carbon composition)
•Resistors
Insulation coating
Leads
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Passive Components
Capacitors will be introduced in Chapter 12.
•Capacitors
Foil
Mica
Foil
Mica
Foil
Mica
Foil
Mica capacitor_
Tantalum electrolytic
capacitor (polarized)
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
1
1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Summary
Passive Components
Inductors will be introduced in Chapter 13.
•Inductors
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Passive Components
Transformers will be introduced in Chapter 14.
•Transformers
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Active Components
Passive components are used in conjunction with
active components to form an electronic system.
Active components will be the subject of future
courses.
•Transistors
•Integrated Circuits
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Summary
SI Fundamental Units
Quantity
Unit
Symbol
Length
Mass
Time
Electric current
Meter
Kilogram
Second
Ampere
Temperature
Kelvin
Luminous intensity Candela
Amount of substance Mole
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
m
kg
s
A
K
cd
mol
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Some Important Electrical Units
Except for current, all electrical and magnetic
units are derived from the fundamental units.
Current is a fundamental unit.
Quantity
Unit
Current
Charge
Voltage
Resistance
Symbol
Ampere
Coulomb
Volt
Ohm
Watt
Power
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
A
C
V

W
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
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Summary
Some Important Magnetic Units
All magnetic units are derived from the fundamental units.
These units are discussed in Chapter 10.
Quantity
Symbol Unit
Magnetic field intensity
Magnetic flux
Magnetic flux density
Magnetomotive force
H

B
Fm
Permeability
Reluctance

Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
R
Symbol
Ampere-turns/meter
Weber
Tesla
Ampere-turn
Webers/ampere-turns-meter
Ampere-turns/weber
At/m
Wb
T
At
Wb/At.m
At/Wb
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Summary
Scientific Notation
Very large and very small numbers are
represented with scientific notation.
Numbers in scientific notation have only one
digit before the decimal place and 10 to some
power.
Eg.
1.34 ∗ 10
Note: The following is NOT in Scientific
Notation:
13.4 ∗ 10
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Engineering Notation
Is another way to express very large and very
small numbers.
Numbers in Engineering notation have 1 to 3
digits before the decimal place and 10 to a
power in a multiple of 3.
Eg.
53.7 ∗ 10
Note: The following is NOT in Engineering
Notation:
537 ∗ 10
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Scientific and Engineering Notation
47,000,000 = 4.7 x 107 (Scientific Notation)
= 47. x 106 (Engineering Notation)
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 1
Summary
Scientific and Engineering Notation
0.000 027 = 2.7 x 10-5 (Scientific Notation)
= 27 x 10-6 (Engineering Notation)
0.605 = 6.05 x 10-1 (Scientific Notation)
= 605 x 10-3 (Engineering Notation)
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Calculations with Powers of 10
Addition:
1. Express the numbers to be added in the same power of 10
2. Add the numbers without their powers of ten to get the
sum
3. Bring down the common power of ten, which is the
power of ten of the sum.
5 ∗ 10
2 ∗ 10
2 ∗ 10
50 ∗ 10
52 ∗ 10
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Calculations with Powers of 10
Subtraction:
1. Express the numbers to be added in the same power of 10
2. Subtract the numbers without their powers of ten to get
the difference
3. Bring down the common power of ten, which is the
power of ten of the difference.
2.5 ∗ 10
7.5 ∗ 10
7.5 ∗ 10
0.25 ∗ 10
7.25 ∗ 10
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Summary
Calculations with Powers of 10
Multiplication:
1. Multiply the numbers directly without the powers of 10
2. Add the powers of ten algebraically (the exponents do
not have to be the same)
5 ∗ 10 ∗ 3 ∗ 10
5 ∗ 3 ∗ 10
15 ∗ 10
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Calculations with Powers of 10
Division:
1. Divide the numbers directly without the powers of 10
2. Subtract the powers of ten algebraically (the exponents
do not have to be the same)
5.0 ∗ 10 / 2.5 ∗ 10
5/2.5 ∗ 10
2 ∗ 10
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Metric Prefixes
Are used to replace a power of ten in numbers expressed in
Engineering or Scientific Notation.
In Electronics we only use those that replace an Engineering
Notation power of 10 (multiples of 3)
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Summary
Engineering Metric Prefixes
P
peta
1015
T
tera
1012
G
giga
109
M
mega
106
k
kilo
103
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Engineering Metric Prefixes
m
milli
10-3

micro
10-6
n
nano
10-9
p
pico
10-12
f
femto
10-15
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Metric Conversions
When converting from a larger unit to a smaller unit,
move the decimal point to the right. Remember, a
smaller unit means the number must be larger.
Smaller unit
0.47 M = 470 k
Larger number
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Summary
Metric Conversions
When converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit,
move the decimal point to the left. Remember, a larger
unit means the number must be smaller.
Larger unit
10,000 pF = 0.01 F
Smaller number
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Metric Arithmetic
When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric
prefix, convert them to the same prefix first.
10,000  + 22 k =
10,000  + 22,000  = 32,000 
Alternatively,
10 k + 22 k = 32 k
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Metric Arithmetic
When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric
prefix, convert them to the same prefix first.
200  + 1.0 mA =
200 A + 1,000 A = 12,000 A
Alternatively,
0.200 m + 1.0 mA = 1.2 mA
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Summary
Significant Figures
Most work in electronics involves measurements,
which always have error. You should report only digits
that are reasonably assumed to be accurate.
The rules for determining if a reported digit is significant are
1. Nonzero digits are always considered to be significant.
2. Zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are never significant.
3. Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant.
4. Zeros to the right of the decimal point for a decimal number
are significant.
5. Zeros to the left of the decimal point with a whole number
may or may not be significant depending on the measurement.
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Summary
Significant Figures
1.
2.
3.
4.
Looking at the rule, decide how many significant figures
in each of the examples, which are given with a rule:
Nonzero digits are always considered to be significant. 152.71
Zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are never
significant. 0.0938
Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant. 10.05
Zeros to the right of the decimal point for a decimal
number are significant. 5.100
5. Zeros to the left of the decimal point with a whole number
may or may not be significant depending on the measurement.
5100. As shown there are at least 2, but uncertain.
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Selected Key Terms
Engineering A system for representing any number as a one-,
notation two-, or three-digit number times a power of ten
with an exponent that is a multiple of three.
Exponent The number to which a base is raised.
Metric prefix A symbol that is used to replace the power of
ten in numbers expressed in scientific or
engineering notation.
Scientific A system for representing any number as a
notation number between 1 and 10 times a power of ten.
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Quiz
1. A resistor is an example of
a. a passive component
b. an active component
c. an electrical circuit
d. all of the above
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Quiz
2. The electrical unit that is fundamental is the
a. volt
b. ohm
c. coulomb
d. ampere
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Quiz
3. In scientific notation, the number 0.000 56 is written
a. 5.6 x 104
b. 5.6 x 10-4
c. 56 x 10-5
d. 560 x 10-6
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Quiz
4. In engineering notation, the number 0.000 56 is written
a. 5.6 x 104
b. 5.6 x 10-4
c. 56 x 10-5
d. 560 x 10-6
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Quiz
5. The metric prefix nano means
a. 10-3
b. 10-6
c. 10-9
d. 10-12
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Quiz
6. The metric prefix pico means
a. 10-3
b. 10-6
c. 10-9
d. 10-12
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Quiz
7. The number 2700 MW can be written
a. 2.7 TW
b. 2.7 GW
c. 2.7 kW
d. 2.7 mW
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Quiz
8. The value 68 k is equal to
a. 6.8 x 104 
b. 68, 000 
c. 0.068 M
d. All of the above
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Quiz
9. The sum of 330 mW + 1.5 W is
a. 331.5 mW
b. 3.35 W
c. 1.533 W
d. 1.83 W
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
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1/22/2014
Chapter 1
Quiz
10. The quantity 200 V is the same as
a. 0.000 200 V
b. 20 mV
c. 0.2 V
d. all of the above
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
Chapter 1
© 2010 Pearson Higher Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved
Quiz
Answers:
Principles of Electric Circuits, Conventional Flow, 9th ed.
Floyd
1. a
6. d
2. d
7. b
3. b
8. d
4. d
9. d
5. c
10. a
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