Atl.asof HumanAnatomy
JointsandNerves
Tablesof Muscles,
Editedby R. Putzand R. Pabst
with RenatePutz
ln coltaboration
Translation
by S. Bedoui
URBAN& FISCHER
M u n c h e n. J e n a
Sobotta
Tabtes
of Musctes,
JointsandNerves
Edited
byR.PutzandR.Pabst
Incotlaboration
withRenate
Putz
Transtation
byS.Bedoui
Thisbooklet
is a supplement
to Sobotta,
Atlasof Human
Anatomy,
Votume
1 14th
edition.
Thecross-references
relateto thefiqurenumbers
in theAttas[Vo[ume
1 and2].
Abbreviations:
0 = 0rigin;I = Insertion;
F = Function
Correspondence and feedback should be addressed to:
ElsevieG
r m b H ,U r b a n& F i s c h e rV e r t a g ,D e p a r t m e nfto r M e d i c a S
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r a t t n a r z i kK, a r l s t r a B e4 5 , 8 0 3 3 3M u n i c h ,G e r m a n v
e - m a i t :m e d i z i n s t u d i u m 0 e l s e v i e r . d e
Addresses of the editors:
ProfessorDr. med. ReinhardPutz
V o r s t a n dd e s A n a t o m i s c h e n
Instituts
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitdt
PettenkoferstraBe11
80336Miinchen
Germany
e - m a i [ :r e i n h a r d . p u t z 0 m e d . u n i - m u e n c h e n . d e
professorDr. med. Reinhardpabst
L e i t e rd e r A b t e i t u n gF u n k t i o n e t t e
u n dA n g e w a n d t e
Anatomie
MedizinischeHochschuleHannover
Cart-Neuberg-StraBe1
30625Hannover
Germany
e-mai[: oabst.reinhardftlmh-han
nover.de
Att rights reserved
1/rthedition 2006
@ 2 0 0 5E t s e v i e G
r m b H ,M i i n c h e n
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. o partof this pubtication
m a y b e r e p r o d u c e ds,t o r e di n a r e t r i e v asl y s t e m ,o r t r a n s m i t t e di n a n y o t h e r f o r m o r
b y a n y m e a n s ,e l e c t r o n i cm
, e c h a n i c a tp, h o t o c o p y i n gr e, c o r d i n go, r o t h e n r v i sw
e i t h o u tt h e p r i o rw r i t t e n p e r m i s s i o no f t h e p u b t i s h e r .
Tablesof Muscles,Jointsand Nerves
1 Faciatmuscles
dp
, o ft h eh e a dt,e m p [ e
a F o r e h e at o
b Auricte
.r
D
. t ^ ^ 4 . ^ t {I J; J- U- ,| ,s . ^
I olPsuro(
d Nose
e Mouth
f Neck
2 Muscles
of thetongue
a I n t e r n amLu s c L eo sft h et o n g u e
a Lu s c l eosft h et o n g u e
b Externm
3 Musclesof the palate . .
B
4 Masticatory
musctes
5 Musctes
ofthepharynx
9
10
a Pharyngeat
constrictors
b Pharyngeat
Levator
muscles
6 Musctesof the [arynx
ptexus
7 Branches
andsupptying
areasof thecervicaI
I LateraImusc]eof theneck
I Suprahyoid
musctes
1 0 Infrahyoid
muscles
1 1 Scatenus
muscles
1 2 Prevertebral
musctes
1 3 Musctes
of thethoracic
wa[[
1 4 VentraImuscles
of theabdominal
watl
1 5 LateraImusctes
of theabdominal
watt
1 6 Dorsalmusclesof theabdominat
watt
girdlemuscles
1 7 Trunk-shoutder
18 Trunk-armmuscles
19 SpinocostaI
muscles
20 Autochthonous
musctes
of theback
12
14
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
21
22
23
23
24
a A u t o c h t h o n oLuast e r m
a Iu s c t eosft h eb a c k
b A u t o c h t h o n omuesd i am
I u s c l eosft h eb a c k
c A u t o c h t h o n oduese om u s c t eosft h en e c k
21 Diaphragm
22 Petvicandurogenital
diaphragm
a Pelvic
diaphragm
b UrogenitaIdiaphragm
23 Jointsof theuppertimb
qirdLe
a Joints
oftheshouLder
33
3L
36
b Jointo
s ft h ef r e ep a r to ft h eu p p eLr i m b
c P t a n easn da x e so ft h em o v e m e not fst h ej o i n t so ft h eu p p eLr i m b
21 Branches
andsupptying
areasof thebrachialptexus
25 Segmental
innervation
importance
of themusclesof theupper[imb,musctes
withdiagnostic
26 VentraImusctes
of theshoutder
2t LateraImusctes
of theshoulder
28 Dorsalmusclesof theshoulder
3B
39
39
40
40
29 VentraImusctes
of thearm
30 Dorsa[musclesof thearm
3 1 Superficiat
ventralmusctes
of theforearm
32 Deep
ventralmusctes
oftheforearm
33 LateraI
oftheforearm
lradiatlmusctes
31 Superficial
dorsalmusctes
of theforearm
35 Deepdorsalmusclesof theforearm
36 Musctes
of thethenareminence
37 Musctes
of thepatm
38 Muscles
of thehypothenar
eminence
39 Jointsof thelowerlimb
a Joints
ofthepeLvic
airdte
b Joints
ofthefreepartoftheLower
Iimb
c Planes
andaxes
ofthemovements
ofthejoints
ofthelower
Limb
plexus
40 Branches
andsupptying
areasof thetumbosacral
41
12
13
It,
l+5
41
42
43
44
40
47
/,4
/,9
50
51
5/+
Segmenta[
innervation
of themusctes
of thelower[imb,musctes
withdiagnostic
importance
56
Ventralmusctes
of thehip
56
Dorsatmusctes
of thehip
57
Ventralmusctes
of thethigh
59
Mediatmusctes
of thethighladductorsl
46 Dorsalmusctes
of thethighlischiocrural
musctesl
It Ventralmusctesof the teg
48 Laterallfibutarlmusclesof theteg
19 Superficiat
dorsalmusctes
of theteg
50 Deepdorsalmusclesof theteg
5 1 Musctes
of thebackof thefoot
52 Mediatmusctes
of thesote . . .
53 Musctes
of themiddteof thesole
5t, Lateratmusctes
of thesote
55 CraniaInerves,overview
56 CraniaIneryes,functionsldifferentfibrequatitiesl
57 CraniaInerves
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
I
k
t
N o t f a c t o r i Iul ]s
N o p t i c uI sl l J
N o c u [ o m o t o rI il u
l l s]
N t r o c h t e a rI il sV ]
N t r i g e m i n uI V
sJ
- N o p h t h a L m i [cVu/s1 ]
- N maxittaris
[V/2]
- N m a n d i b u t a[rVi s/ 3 ]
N a b d u c e n[ V
s l]
N f a c i a t i[sV l l J
N v e s t i b u L o c o c h L[ Velal lr]i s
N g t o s s o p h a r y n gI leXuJs
N v a g u IsX J
N a c c e s s o r i[uXsl ]
N h y p o g L o s[sXulsl J
60
. . . . . . 61
62
63
63
64
65
65
oo
67
5B
6B
69
H ead
Neck
Trunk
U p p e r[i rn b
L o w e r[ i m b
C r a n i a In e r v e s
0 n Lp
y a r t so ft h ef a c i am
l u s c [ easc t u a t ol yr i g i n a ft reo mb o n ys t r u c t u r eAsl lo ft h e mi n s e ritn t ot h es k i n
a Forehead,
topof the head,temple
M.occipitofrontalis
( T o g e t h tehre, M o c c i p i t o f r o n taanLditsh eM t e m p o r o p a r i e taarLeri se f e r r et d
o a s M .e p i c r a n i u s . J
N faciatis
[Vll]
0: Venterfrontalis:
skinof the
l : G a l eaap o n e u r o t i c a
e y e b r oawn dt h eG t a b e l l a ,
f o r m sa c o m m om
n u s c u [ al ar y e r
w i t ht h eM m p r o c e r u s ,
g a t osr u p e r c i [di ie, p r e s s o r
corru
s u p e r c ieLtioi r b i c u L aor icsu L i
V e n t eor c c i p i t a l L
i si :n e an u c h a t i s
suprema
F : M o v etsh es c a L p ,
c r e a t eosb L i q uwer i n k [aet t h e
forehead
0 : T e m p o rsakI i n ,
l : G a t eaap o n e u r o t i c a
F :M o v etsh es c a l p
l : S p i n ha e L i c i s
forwards
and
theauricte
F: Moves
upwards
r to ft h e
l : D o r s o c r a npi a L
a u f l c u l ar r0 0 I
dn
sd
F :M o v etsh ea u r i c l be a c k w a r a
upwards
l : D o r s apIa r to ft h ea u r i c u [ ar or o t
F :M o v etsh ea u r i c tbea c k w a r d s
M.temporoparietalis
N,facialis
[Vll]
tr---;- +^-^^--l;I dJ!td
tgil tPUtdU>
b Auricte
M.auricularis
anterior
N facialis[Vll]
0 : F a s c itae m p o r a I i s
M.auricularis
superior
N faciaLis
[Vll]
0 : G a L eaap o n e u r o t i c a
M.auricularisposterior
N facialis
[Vll]
0 : P r o cm a s t o i d e u s ,
t e n d oonft h eM s t e r n o c L e i d o mast0r0euS
HeadlNecklTrunk
c Pelpebratfissurc
M .o r b i c u l a roi sc u t (i L o c a taerdo u ntdh eA d i t u os r b i t aiena s p h i n c t e r - tfi a
ke
shionl
N faciatis
[Vll]
0: Parsorbitatis:
Parsnasatis
of
t h e0 s f r o n t a t e ,
Procf rontaLrs
of theMaxiLta,
0s[acrimaLe,
L i g p a t p e b r amt ee d i a [ e
Parspatpebralis:
Lig.paLpebrate
media[e,
S a c c u[sa c r i m a t i s
Pars[acrimatis:
Crista[acrimatis
p o s t e r i o rft h e0 s [ a c r i m a t e ,
S a c c uLsa c r i m a l i s
l: Parsorbitalis:
Lig paLpebraLe F . l l l n c o c t h o o v o l i d c
L a t e r a [Laet,e r at rI a n s i t i oi n t oa
c o m p r e s stehseL a c r i msaaLc ,
c i r c u L rairn g - s h a pm
e du s c L e
movestheeyebrows
Parspal.pebral.is:
Lig patpebrate
Latera
Ie
Pars[acrimatis:
CanaIiculi
Lac
rimaLes,
odnoc nf tho ovolidc
M.depressorsupercitii
of theParsorbitatis
of theM orbicuLaris
lbranch
ocuLil
N faciaLis
[Vll]
0 : P a r sn a s a I iosft h e0 s fr o n t a [ e , l : M e d i at h
t i r do ft h es k i no ft h e
b a c ko ft h en o s e
eyebrow
F: Lowers
theskinoftheforehead
andoftheeyebrows,
c r e a t easno b [ i q uwer i n k Lj ues ta b o v e
t h er o o to ft h en o s e
M.corrugator
supercitii
N facialis[Vll]
0 : P a r sn a s a l iosft h e0 s f r o n t a L e l : M i d d tIeL a t e r at ht ]i r do ft h es k i n
of theeyebrow,
^ ^u ^t t^g, u, .t ^u +U;u^o^
vn o- l(^c^o o^ p
F :M o v etsh es k i no ft h ef o r e h e aadn d
of theeyebrows
towards
therootof
t h en o s e ,
justabove
creates
a verticaI
wrinkte
therootof thenose
M. procerus
N facialis
[Vll]
0: 0snasaLe,
C a r t i L angaos Li a t e r a [ i s
l : S k i no ft h eG t a b e l t a
F: Lowers
theskinof theforehead
andof theeyebrows
U p p e r[ im b I L o w erti mb I C ra n i anLe rve s
d Nose
M.nasalis
N facialis
[Vll]
0 : P a r sa t a r i sJ: u g u ma L v e o t a r e
o ft h eL a t e r ianI c i s ot ro o t h
Parstransversa:
Jugum
a t v e o [ aor fet h ec a n i nteo o t h
l : P a r sa l a r i sn: o s ew i n g s ,
b o r d eor ft h en o s t r i L
nasi
Parstransversa:
Cartitago
lateralis,
t e n d i n o umse m b r a noeft h eb a c k
o ft h en o s e
F : M o v etsh en o s ew i n g sa n dt h u st h e
n o s ei t s e t f
thenostri[s
Parsataris:ditates
Parstransversa:
narrows
thenostrr[s
l : C a r t i t a gao[ a r i sm a j o r ,
F : M o v etsh en o s ew i n g sa n dt h u st h e
n o s ei t s e L f
M.depressor
septinasi
N factalts
IVll]
0 : J u g u ma L v e o t aorfe
t h em e d i a I
i n c i s ot ro o t h
n--+il-^^ -^^r; ^^-;
vdr uro9u >gPrr iloJl
e Mouth
M.orbicularis
oris
N faciaLis
[Vll]
0: Parsmarginalis
andPars
t a b i a t i sL:a t e r taoIt h eA n g u [ u s
0ns
l : S k i no ft h et i p s
F :C L o s et hsel i p st,h e r e bay[ s o
m o v i ntgh en o s ew i n g sc, h e e kasn d
t h es k i no fc h i n
M.buccinator
N faciaLis
[Vll]
p ra r to ft h eP r o c
0: Posterio
l : A n g u [ uosr i s ,
a l v e o L aor iftsh eM a x i l l a ,
u p p ear n dl o w e[ri p
R a p h pe t e r y g o m a n d i b u [ a r i s ,
p o s t e r i op ra r to ft h eP r o c
a L v e o L aorfti h
s eM a n d i b u L a
F :T e n s et sh et i p s ,
t hsei n t r a o r ap Ir e s s u r e
increase
( a si n b t o w i nagn dc h e w i n g l
M.tevatortabiisuperioris
N faciaLis
[Vll]
0: Margo
i n f r a o r b i t aaLni ds
p ta r to ft h eP r o c
adjacen
z y g o m a t i couftsh eM a x i L t a ;
originate
f rso mt h em u s c Lmea s s
o ft h eM o r b i c u [ a roi cs u l i
l : U p p eLr i p
F : D r a w tsh eu p p eLr i pt a t e r a taLnyd
upwards
Head
Nec k I T r unk
M.depressortabiiinferioris
N. facialis
IVll]
0 : B a s im
s a n d i b u Lmaeed i a Ltthoe
Foramen
mentate
l : L o w eIri p ,
c hI n ,
d e e pf i b r e st o t h em u c o s a
F: DrawstheLower
LipLateratty
and
0ownwar0s
0: Jugumatveolare
ofthelower,
[ateraIincisor
tooth
l : S k i no ft h ec h i n
F :C r e a t et h
s ec h i n ' d
simpte,
everts
thelower[ipltogether
withthe
M .o r b i c u l a roi sr i s l
0 : 0 b l i q ub
e r a n c fhr o mt h e
M mentatis
l : S k i no ft h ec h i n
F :M o v etsh es k i no ft h ec h i n
l : L o w eIri p ,
c h e e kl a t e r at L
o t h eA n g u t uosr i s ,
u p p eLr r p
F : P u t t tsh ea n g Loef m o u t h
downwards
M. mentalis
N facialis
[Vll]
M.transversus
menti
N. facialis[Vll]
M.depressor
angulioris
N. facialisIVll]
0 : B a s i sm a n d i b u Ljaues ,tb e t o w
theForamen
mentaLe
M.risoriuslfrequently
a partof thePlatysma
or theM.depressor
angutioris)
N facialis
[Vll]
parotrdea,
0: Fascia
Fascia
masseterica
l : U p p eLr i p ,
A n g u l uosr i s
F: PutLs
theangteof mouthLateratLy
a n 0u p w a r o s ,
c r e a t etsh ec h e e k d
' sl m p t e
U p p e rt im b I L o w e rL i mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
M.levatorangulioris
N facialts
[Vll]
0 : F o s scaa n i noaft h eM a x i t l a
l : A n g u t uosr i s
o f m o u t hm e d i a t l y
F : D r a w tsh ea n g t e
a n ou p w a r o s
M.zygomaticus
major
N facialis[Vll]
l : U p p eLr i p ,
am
d j a c e tnot
0: 0szygomaticu
t h eS u t u r zay g o m a t i c o t e m p o r a [Ai sn g u [ uosr i s
F :D r a w tsh ea n g l eo f m o u t hl a t e r a [ L y
a n du p w a r d s
l : U p p etri p ,
am
d j a c e tnot
0 : 0 sz y g o m a t i c u
i sn g u L uo sr i s
t h eS u t u r zay g o m a t i c o m a x i L [ a rA
F : M o v etsh et i p st,h en o s ew i n g s ,
t h ec h e e kasn dt h es k i no ft h ec h i n ,
t hsen a s o [ a b si auI[ c u s
increase
M.zygomaticus
minor
N facialis
[Vll]
M,levatortabiisuperiorisalaequenasi
N facialis
[Vll]
0 : P r o cf r o n t a Loi sft h eM a x i t l . a ;
f rso mt h em u s c l m
e ass
originate
o ft h eM ,o r b i c u L aor icsu L i
F :M o v etsh et i p st,h en o s ew i n g s ,
wings,
l:Nose
t h ec h e e kasn dt h es k i no ft h ec h i n
a n g l eo f m o u t h ,
u p p eLr r p ,
: t e r aaLn dP o s t e r i o r
d e e pf i b r e sl a
p a r t so ft h en o s t r i I
f Neck[Fig.253)
Ptatysma
N fa.ctalis
[Vll]
0 : B a s i sm a n d i b u | . a e ,
tr---i- ^-.^ri"l^^
I o J u r dP o r u u u c o
l : S k i nb e L otwh eC L a v i c u t a ,
F a s c ipae c t o r a L i s
F :T e n s etsh es k i no ft h en e c k ,
wrinkLes
verticaL
creates
HeadlNecklTrunk
M.tongitudinalis
superior
N.hypogLossus
Nlll
0 : R a d i[xi n g u a e
l : A p e x[ i n g u a e
F: Retracts
andbroadens
thetonoue.
elevates
theapexof thetongue
l : A p e x[ i n g u a e
F :R e t r a c a
t sn db r o a d e nt hset o n g u e ,
Lowers
theapexofthetongue
0: LateraL
marginof thetongue
Septum
Unguae
l: LateraI
marginofthetongue,
A p o n e u r o s[ iinsg u a e
F: Narrows
thetongue,
e|'ongates
thetongue
together
with
theM.verticatis
Linguae
0 : R a d i[xi n g u a e ;
originates
fromthe
M .g e n i o g t o s s u s
l: Aponeurosis
[inguae
F: Broadens
thetonoue
M.tongitudinalis
inferior
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
0 : R a d i[xi n g u a e
M.transversus
[inguae
N.hypogLossus
[Xll]
M.verticatisIinguae
N.hypoglossus
[Xlil
Up p e rL i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
b Externalmusclesof thetongue
M.geniogtossus
N hypoglossus
[Xlil
0:Spina
m e n t a Loi fst h eM a n d i b u l al : A p o n e u r o Isiinsg u a e
0 : C o r n um a j u sa n dC o r p uoss s r s
hyoidei
M.chondrogtossus
formedl
lvariably
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
0 : C o r n um i n u so s s i sh y o i d e i
F : P r o t r u d easn dd e p r e s s tehse
tongue
l : L a t e r apIa r t so ft h e
A p o n e u r o s[ iinsg u a e
F :R e t r a c a
t sn dd e p r e s s tehset o n g u e
l : L a t e r apIa r t so ft h e
A p o n e u r o [siinsg u a e
F :R e t r a c t h
s et o n g u e ,
d e p r e s s tehser o o ta n dt h eb a c ko l
t h et o n g u e
l : E n t e r[sa t e r apIa r t so ft h e
t o n g ufer o ma b o vaen db e h i n d
F :R e t r a c a
t sn de L e v a ttehset o n q u e
M.stylogtossus
N hypoglossus
[Xll]
0 : A n t e r i omr a r g i o
n ft h e
Prnr
ctvlnidorrcnf ihp
0 st e m p o r a L e ,
Ligstylomandibulare
HeadlNecklTrunk
M. levatorveli patatini
Rr.pharyngeaLes
of theN.glossopharyngeus
pharyngeus)
ilXl andtheN.vagus
IN l= Plexus
0 : I n f e r i osru r f a coeft h eP a r s
l:Aponeurop
s iasl a t i n a
p e t r o soaft h e0 s t e m p o r a l e ,
C a r t i t a gt uob a ea u d i t i v a e
F:Tenses
andelevates
thesoftpaLate,
e x p a n dt hs e[ u m e no ft h ea u d i t o r y
t ub e
M.tensorvetipatatinilsurrounds
theHamulus
ossispterygoidei
as hypomochtion)
N musculi
tensoris
velrpalatini
of theN nandibutaris
[V/3]
0: Fossa
scaphoidea
at thebase
o ft h eL a m i n m
a e d i a t oi sft h e
l:Aponeurop
s iasl a t i n a
F:Tenses
thesoft
{andeLevatesJ
patate,
e x p a n dt hs e[ u m e no ft h ea u d i t o r y
tube
l: Enters
theinternaL
muscLes
o ft h et o n g u ei n, p a r t i c u Lt a
h re
M .t r a n s v e r sLuisn g u a e
F: Depresses
thesoftpaLate,
eLevates
therootofthetongue
in orderto narrowthepharynx
Prnc ntorvnnidorrc
' ' v v
T ' -
Spina
ossisphenoidatis,
m e m b r a n opuas r to ft h eT u b a
a u di t i v a
M.palatogtossus
N gLossopharyngeus
ilXI
0 : A p o n e u r o sp iast a t i n a
M.uvulaelsotitary
muscte)
Rr.pharyngeales
of theN.glossopharyngeus
pharyngeus)
ilXlandtheN.vagus
IN [= Plexus
0 : A p o n e u r o [siinsg u a e
l: Stroma
of theUvuLa
F :S h o r t e nasn dt h u st h i c k e nt sh e
uvuLa
U pperli m b I L o w e r[i mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
T h ec o u r s oe ft h eM m a s s e t ef rro mt h ez y g o m a tai cr c ht o t h em a n d i b u taanr g Lm
e a yw e t tb ep a l p a t et hd r o u gthh es k i nW h e nc l e n c h i nt hge
t e e t ht,h eM t e m p o r a tci a
s nb ef e Litnt h et e m p o r a t f o sT
sa
h eM p t e r y g o i d emuesd i a t i n
s s e r tast t h ei n n e sr u r f a coeft h em a n d i b u taanr g t e
T h eM p t e r y g o i d eLuast e r a e
oL
i nat r
[ ixst e n di n
s t e r i o r ef rLoymt h et e m p o r o m a n d i bj u
M.temporalis
(N.mandibularis
profundi
Nn.temporates
[V/3]J
0 : 0 s t e m p o r abt ee l o w
t h eL i n e a
t e m p o r a ti insf e r i o r ,
deeptayerof theFascia
t e m p o rI ias
l : A p e xa n dm e d i asIu r f a c e
o ft h eP r o cc o r o n o i d eouftsh e
Ma n di b u t a
fibresctosethejaws,
F:Anterior
posterior
fibresretractthemandible
[=retrusionl
l: Parssuperficiatis:
Angu[us
mandibuLae,
Tuberositas
masseterica
inferior
margin
Parsprofunda:
o ft h eM a n d i b u t a
F:CLoses
thejaws
M.masseter
N massetericus
IN.nandibularis
[V/3]l
0: Parssuperficialis:
anterior
t w ot h i r d so ft h ei n f e r i omr a r g i n
o ft h eA r c u sz y g o m a t i c u s
{ t e n dnio u s J
posterior
Parsprofunda:
third
o ft h ei n n e sr u r f a coeft h eA r c u s
zygomatrcus
M. pterygoideus
mediatis
N.pterygoideus
media[is
IN. mandibutaris
[V/3]J
pterygoidea,
0: Fossa
l : I n f e r i omr a r g i o
n ft h eM a n d i b u L aF, :C [ o s etsh ej a w s
m e d i asLu r f a coeft h eL a m i n a
pterygoidea
Tuberositas
LateraLis
of theProcpterygoideus,
P r o cp. y r a m i d aoLfitsh e
0spalatinum
M.pterygoideus
lateralis
N.pterygotdeus
lateralis
IN mandibutaris
[V/3])
0: Caputsuperius:
outersurface
o ft h eL a m i n[aa t e r a loi sft h e
drawsthemandible
F:Caputinferius:
l : C a p ust u p e r i u sd:i s ca n d
c a p s u toeft h eA r t i c u L attei om p o r o - interiore[y
{=protrusionl
Prne nfonrnnidorrc
m a n d i b[ aur i s
pterygoidea
Tubermaxi[[ae
Fovea
Caputinferius:
[accessory)
Caputinferius:
Facies
tempora[is o ft h eP r o cc o n d y L aor fitsh e
o ft h eA t am a j o or ft h e0 s
M a nidb u[ a
sphenoidate
HeadlNecklTrunk
T h ep h a r y n g e a l m u sacrleedsi v i d ei n
d L loh ep h a r y n g e a l c o n s t r{cl rt o
rcso n s tcrt o r epsh a r y n gsiusp e r i omr ,e d i uasn di n f e r i oarnl dt h e
/m
p h a r y n g el eavl a t omr u s c t eI M
s styLopharyng
MesuasI,p i n g o p h a r y nagnedM
u sp a t a t o p h a r y n g e u s l
a Pharyngeat
constrictors
pharyngis
M.constrictor
superior
Rr pharyngeales
pharyngeus)
ot'theN g[ossopharyngeus
[tX]l= Plexus
0: Parspterygopharyngea:
l : M e m b r a npah a r y n g o b a s i L a r r sF, :C o n s t r i ctthsep h a r y n x ,
oosterio
mra r o i o
n ft h eL a m r n a
s u p e r i ot hr i r do ft h eR a p h e
s e p a r a t tehseE p i p h a r yfnr ox mt h e
M e s o p h a r yl tnoxg e t h e
wri t ht h e
m e d i a Loi fst h eP r o cp t e r y g o i d e u sp, h a r y n g i s
HamuLu
M paLatopharyngeusl,
o s s i sp t e r y g o i d e i
p r o m o t et rsa n s p oor tff o o di n t ot h e
Parsbuccopharyngea:
Raphe
pterygom
n dai b uL ar i s
o e s o p h a gbuysw a v e - L ickoen t r a c t i o n s
Parsmytopharyngea:
Linea
{ p e r i s t a tw
t iac v e l
m y l o h y o i doeftah eM a n d i b u L a
Parsglossopharyngea:
M t r a n s v e r s[ui ns g u a e
M.constrictorpharyngismedius
Rr.pharyngea[es
of theN gLossopharyngeus
pharyngeusl
[lX]andtheN vagus
[X]E Plexus
0 : P a r sc h o n d r o p h a r y n C
g eoaf n: u
m r n uo
s s s i sh y o i d e i
Parsceratopharyngea:
Cornu
m a l u so s s i sh y o i d e i
l : M i d d Lt he i r do ft h eR a p h e
pha
rs,
ryng
overtaps
theM constrictor
pharyngis
superior
F :C o n s t r i ctthsep h a r y nf rxo m
b e hni d ,
promotes
transport
of foodintothe
o e s o p h a gbuysw a v e - l i kceo n t r a c t i o n s
waveJ
lperista[tic
M.constrictorpharyngisinferior
Rr pharyngeales
pharyngeusl
of theN vagus
[X]E Plexus
0: Parsthyropharyngea:
outer
s u r f a coeft h eC a r t i t a gt hoy r o i d e a
b e h i ntdh eL i n e ao b t i o u a
Parscricopharyngea:
LateraI
s u r f a coeft h eC a r t i t a gcor i c o i d e a
Parstracheopharyngea:
[ateraI
s u r f a coeft h eC a r t i t a g o
t r a c h e a tIi s
l : M i d d taen di n f e r i ot h
r i r do ft h e
R a p h pe h a r y n g i s ,
overlaps
theM constrictor
p h a r y n gm
i se d i u s
F :C o n s t r i ctthsep h a r y nf rxo m
b e hin d ,
p r o m o t et rsa n s p oor tff o o di n t ot h e
o e s o p h a gbuysw a v e - L ickoen t r a c t i o n s
wave)
Iperista[tic
b Pharyngeatlevatormuscles
M.patatopharyngeus
thismuscLe
atsobelongs
to themuscLes
ofthepa[ate.)
IFunctionatty,
Rr.pharyngeales
pharyngeusl
of theN glossopharyngeus
[lX](=Plexus
0 : A p o n e u r o sp ias[ a t i n a ,
H a m u t uoss s i sp t e r y g o i d e i
l : C a r t i L atghoy r o i d e a ,
i n s e r tisn t ot h eL a t e r a n
I dt h e
posteriw
o ra t [o ft h eP h a r y n x
F :C o n s t r i ctthsei s t h m uosff a u c e s ,
depresses
thesoftpaLate,
elevates
thepharyngeaIwaI
towards
thesoftpatate
U p p e rt im b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i ant e rve s
M.satpingopharyngeus
Rrpharyngeales
pharyngeusl
oftheN.g[ossopharyngeus
ilX]E Plexus
0 : F r e em a r g i a
n n di n f e r i o r
s u r f a coef t h eC a r t i [ a gt uob a e
auditivae
of
l: InsertsintotheLateralwaIL
thePharynx
thepharynx
F: Elevates
l : C a r t i L atghoy r o i d e a ,
a ft I
i n s e r tisn t ot h eL a t e r a l w o
the
thePharynx
between
M .c o n s t r i c tsour p e r i oarn dt h e
M c o n s t r i c tm
o re d i u s
thepharynx
F: Etevates
M.stylopharyngeus
R.nusculistytopharyngei
oftheN glossopharyngeus
ilXl
0: Procstyloideus
of the0s
Iemp0rate
M.cricothyroideus
Parsobtiqua:
IParsrecta:superficial,
deepl
R.externus
of theN laryngeus
superior
of theN.vagus
[Xl
0: Outersurface
of theArcusof
l : l n f e r i omr a r g i n
o ft h eL a m i noaf
t h eC a r t i l a gcor i c o i d e a
t h eC a r t i l a gt hoy r o i d e a
F:Tenses
thevocaIcordsbytittingthe
cricoidcartiLage
around
a transverse
AXIS
a;e
posterior
M.cricoarytenoideus
N.Iaryngeus
recurrens
of theN vagus
[Xl
0: Posterior
surface
ofthe
l : P r o cm u s c u t a roi sft h e
L a m i noaf t h eC a r t i l a ocor i c o i d e a Cartitago
arytenoidea
M.cricoarytenoideus
[ateratis
N laryngeus
recurrens
of theN vagus
[X]
0 : L a t e r auIp p em
r argio
n ft h e
Arcusof theCartiLago
cricoidea
F :O p e ntsh er i m ag L o t t i dbi ysr o t a t i n g
process
thevocaL
ofthearytenoid
c a r t i L ao
gu
e t w a r dasr o u nad
t o n g i t u d i naax Li sa, sw e LaLs b yt i t t i n g
t h ea r y t e n oci da r t i t a gsei d e w a r d s
l : P r o cm u s c u t a roi sft h eC a r t i [ a g oF :C l o s etsh ei n t e r m e m b r a npoaurst
arytenoidea
of therimagLottidis
byrotating
the
a r y t e n oci da r t i l a gi n
e w a r dasr o u nad
[ o n g i t u d i naax Li s
M.arytenoideus
transyersus
N.Iaryngeus
recurrens
of theN vagus
[X]
0 : L a t e r aeId g ea n dp o s t e r i o r
s u r f a coeft h eC a r t i L a g o
arytenoidea
l : L a t e r aeLd g ea n dp o s t e r i o r
surface
ofthecontraLateraI
CartiLago
arytenoidea
F :C l o s etsh ei n t e r c a r t i [ a g e npoaur ts
of therimagLottidis
byapproximating
botharytenoid
cartitages
M.arytenoideus
obliquus
N laryngeus
recurrens
of theN.vagus
[X]
0; Baseof theposterior
surface
of
t h eC a r t i t a gaor y t e n o i d e a
Parsaryepiglottica:
apexo1the
C a r t i L aaqrov t e n o i d e a
l: Apexandposterior
surface
F :D r a w tsh ea r y t e n oci da r t i t a g e
ofthecontraLateraL
Proc.
mediaLl.y
andnarrows
the
muscuLarrs
i n t e r c a r t i t a g e npoaur to
s ft h er i m a
Parsaryepigl.ottica
gLottidis
r lateraI
bytiLting
thearytenoid
margio
n ft h eC a r t i L aegpoi g L o t t i c a^t o^r. +u;Ll ^o ^Y^c^>: ^i ,l .r ,w^d- tl -u J
U ppert i m b I L o w er[i mb I C ra n i anl .e rve s
M.vocalis
N laryngeus
recurrens
of theN.vagus
[Xl
0: Innersurface
ofthe bov"
of theCartiLago
thyroidea
ihevocalcordandforms
obtonga F:Tenses
andFovea
l: Procvocalis
t h ee d g eo ft h er i m ag t o t t i d i s ,
o ft h eC a r t i L aagroy t e n o i d e a
foLd
ofthevocaL
theabitity
regutates
to vibrate
M.thyroarytenoideus
N.Laryngeus
recurrens
oftheN vagus
[Xl
theinterof thertma
F: Narrows
l : P r o cm
. u s c u L aar insda n t e r i o r
0 : l n n e sr u r f a coeft h eL a m i n a
gtottidis
thearytenoid
byrotating
o ft h eC a r t i [ a gt hoy r o i d ei nac l o s e s u r f a coeft h eC a r t i L a g o
c a r t i t a gi new a r dasr o u nad
p r o x i m ittoyt h eo r i g i no ft h e
arytenoidea
longitudinaLaxis
Laterat
Parsthyroepigtottica:
M vocatis
narrows
the
margio
n ft h eC a r t i t a geop i g t o t t i c a Parsthyroepigtottica:
Parsthyroepigtottica:
Inner
[arvnoeaLorifice
s u r f a coeft h eL a m i noaft h eC a r t i L a gothyroidea
proximity
in cLose
to the
o r i g i no ft h eM t h y r o a r y t e n o i d e u s
HeadlNecklTrunk
T7-T8
Motorfunction
Sensory
function
Ansacervicalis
R a d isxu p e r i o{ =
r R a d iax n t e r i o r J M m .i n f r a h y o i d e i
R a d iixn f e r i o{ r=R a d ipx o s t e r i o r )
Rr.muscutares
M .L o n g ucso l t i
M l n n n r r ce : n i t i c
M r e c t u cs a p i t iasn t e r i o r
Mm intertransversarii
anteriores
cervicis
M trapezius
[, l^.,^+^- ^^^^,.1^^
rvr rtrvdrur >LdPutdu
M s c a L e nm
u se d i u s
M geniohyoideus
Branches
of the so-catted
Punctumneryosum
N a u r i c u t a rm
i sa g n u s
S k i no ft h eu p p enr e c kt,h ea r e ao ft h e
m a n d i b u Laanrg t et h
, ea n t e r i oarn d
posterio
a r e a s u r r o u n d itnhgea u r i c t e ,
a n dm o s to ft h ea u r i c tiet s e L f
N .t r a n s v e r scuosL L i
S k i no ft h eu p p ear n t e r i onre c k
N o c c i p i t am
L iisn o r
S k i no ft h eo c c i p i t raeLg i o n
N n .s u p r a c t a v i c u t m
a reedsi a t e s ,
i n t e r m e d[iai ,t e r a t e s
A stripof skinbeLow
thectavicte
N.phrenicus
Diaphragm
P a r i e i apIL e u rpae, r i c a r pd e, r i t o n e u m
T h eM s t e r n o c L e i d o m a s t odiedveeu[so p
f rso mt h es a m ee m b r y o nai cn L a gaest h eM t r a p e z i uI s a m e
i n n e r v a t i ol nt t)r a v e r s eosb L i q u ef rLoym
t h eP r o cm a s t o i d eiunsa na n t e r i omr e d i o c a u d a L d i r eacnt d
i oi sni n t e g r a t ei ndt h eL a m i nsau p e r f i c i aoLfti sh eF a s c icae r v i c a L i s
M,sternocleidomastoideus
N accessorius
cervicalis
[Xl]:Ptexus
0: Caputsternale:
witha long
t e n d o fnr o mt h ev e n t r asLu r f a coef
t h eS t e r n u m
C a p uct l a v i c u t a rwei :i ha s h o r t
t e n d ofnr o mt h es t e r n at h
L i r do f
t h eC L a v i c u t a
l: Posterior
areaoftheProc
mastoideus,
l a t e r a l m a r goi fnt h eL i n e a
n u c h a l si su p e r i o r
F :U n i t a t e rianIn e r v a t i or o
n t: a t etsh e
h^..1 -^^+-^l ^+^--i 1,,
rrgou uutru ototct otty,
bitateraI
innervatlon
: elevates
the
h e a da n dd r a w st h eh e a da n t e r i o r l y ,
f l e x etsh ec a u d acLe r v i c vaeLr t e b r a e
a n ds t r e t c h ebso t ht h ec r a n i acLe r v i c a I
vertebrae
asweLL
asthecranroc e r v i c jaoLi n t s
Up p e rt im b I L o w e rl i mb I C ra n i ant e rve s
T h e s u p r a h y o i d m u s c l e s f o r m t htehfel ooor raoLfc a v i t y a n d f u n c t i o n a s a n t a g o n i s t s t o t h e i n f r aThhyeoai n
d tmeur isocrlbeesLt ht yeoMf . d i g a s t r i c u s
is located
adjacentty
TheM geniohyoideus
is located
mostsuperficiatty
whichformsa broadpLate.
Thenextlayerconsists
oftheM mylohyoideus,
tohyoideusaretocateddorsatty
t o t h e i n t e r i o r s u r f atcheeoMf . m y t o h y o i d e u s a s a r o u n dTshter ap no ds t e r i o r b etthLey M
o f. d i g a s t r i c u s a n d tshtey M
shape.l
M.mytohyoideus
theftoorofthemouthin a ptate-[ike
secure
lTherightandtheLeftmuscletogether,
N mylohyoideus
lN mandibularis
[V/3]
thef loorofthemouth
F; Elevates
0 : W i t ha s h o rtte n d o fnr o m
l: Raphe
mylohyoidea,
theLineamylohyoidea
of the
u p p em
r argio
n ft h eC o r p uoss s i s a n dt h et o n g u lea si n s w a t t o w i n g l ,
d e p r e s s tehsem a n d i b l e ,
M an di b u t a
hyoidei
thehyoidbone,
atsoeLevates
support
forthe
formsthemuscuLar
r0ngue
(Venter
to theCornuminusofthe0s hyoideum
posterior
attached
M.digastricus
andVenter
anterior
areconnected
byan intertendon
posterior:
to theinsertion.l
Venter
fromtheoriginto theintertendon;
Venter
anterior:
fromtheintertendon
Venteranterior:N mylohyoideus
IN mandibularis
[V/3]l;
posterio
Venter
r: R.digastricus
IN facialis
[Vll]J
theM.mylohyoideus
F: Supports
ofthe
aastoide
l: Fossa
digastrica
0 : I n c i s u rm
oa
ft h e0 s
tempora
Le
M an di b u t a
M.stytohyoideus
R stytohyoideus
IN faciaLis
[Vll])
0: Procstyloideus
of the0s
ip.;
l.
tempora
[e
ri
n ft h eC o r p u s
l : L a t e r amI a r g i o
withtwoparts
ossishyoidei
of
theintertendon
surrounding
tha
h/
F: Drawsthehyoidbone
ru u^r. ^J U^ L^ r- -o r^r;o^(|rty, ,
dinrctrinrrc
juxtaposed,
tissue.l
bya thinseptumof connective
on[yseparated
M.geniohyoideus
arecLoseLy
lTherightandtheLeftmuscle
Rr ventrales
fromC1-C2
0 rW i t ha s h o rt e n d ofnr o mt h e
l : A n t e r i osru r f a coeft h eC o r p u s F :S u p p o rt hs eM .m y t o h y o i d ei nu s
thetongue,
etevating
Spina
m e n t a to
i sft h eM a n d i b u L a o s s i sh y o i d e i
d e p r e s s tehsem a n d i b [ e ,
thehyoidbone
etevates
HeadlNecklTrunk
T h er nrf a h y o im
d u s c l efsu n c t i oansa n t a g o n i st ot st h es u p r a h y omi du s c t e s
T h eM s t e r n o h y o i d iesul osc a t esdu p e r f i c i aaLntdyi sf o t t o w ebde t o w
b yt h eM s t e r n o t h y r o i daenudst h eM .t h y r o h y o i d eTuhseM o m o h y o i d e u s
stretches
mosttateraLty
M.sternohyoideus
Ansacerytcati
s {Plexu
s cervicaIis)
0 : C r a n i amLa r g i o
n ft h e
a^-+;l^^^
;^-+^^ |
vor rrrovu LUJLdc I,
l : I n f e r i omr a r g i n
o ft h eC o r p u s
o s s i sh y o i d e i
F: Drawsthehyoidbonecaudatly
i n n e sr u r f a coeft h eM a n u b r i u m
s t e r nai n dt h ec a p s u L
oe
ft h e
s t e r n o c t a v i cjuo[ianrt
M.sternothyroideus
Ansacerytcatis [Plexu
s cervicatis]
0 : I n n esr u r f a coeft h eC a r t i | . a g o l : 0 u t e rs u r f a c eL,i n e ao b t i q u a ,
c0stae
t,
o ft h eL a m i noafi h eC a r t i L a g o
i n n e sr u r f a coeft h eM a n u b r i u m thyroidea
s t e r nci a u d at o
t the
M sternohyoideus
F: Depresses
theLarynx,
regutates
theposition
ofthe[arynx
between
thehyoidboneand
t h es t e r n u m
t o g e t h ewri t ht h e
M.thyrohyoideus
M.thyrohyoideus
AnsacervicalisI Plexus
cervicaIisl
0 : 0 u t e rs u r f a c eL,i n e ao b l i q u a ,
o ft h eL a m i noaft h eC a r t i L a g o
thyroidea
l : L a t e r at hLi r do ft h eC o r p uasn d
therootoftheCornumajusof the
0shyoideum
F :A p p r o x i m at heesh y o i d
b o n ea n d
the[arynx,
regutates
theposition
ofthe[arynx
b e t w e et n
h eh y o i d
b o n ea n d
t h es t e r n u m
t o g e t h ewri t ht h e
M.sternothyroideus
M.omohyoideus
inferior
andVenter
lVenter
superior
areconnected
byan intertendon,
whichis attached
to theVagina
carotica.l
Ansacervica[i
s [Plexu
s cervica|is]
0: Venterinferior:Margo
s u p e r i oorft h eS c a o u L
mae d i a I
t o t h eI n c i s u rsac a p u [ a e
l: Ventersuperior:
caudaI
margin
of the[ateraL
outersurface
ofthe
C o r o uoss s i sh v o i d e i
F:Tenses
thecervicaL
fasciadueto
itsattachment
to thecarotid
sheath,
prevents
thecoLtapse
ofthe
V j u g u L a ri inst e r n a
U p p e rt im b I L o w e rl i mb I C ra n i ant e rve s
ribsandforma three
totheupper
posterior,
traverse
Thethree
scalenus
musc[es,
M sca[enus
anterior,
M scalenus
medius
andM scatenus
partofthevertebraI
sided
musc[e
layer|.ateratty
ofthecervicaL
column
M.scalenus
anterior
Directbranchesof thePlexuscervicalisand theP[exusbrachialis
'1 :
0: Tubercuta
anteriora
of the
Procc.
transversi
of the3. l4.l6.cervicaI
vertebra
l : W i t ha s h o rt e n d oant t h e
T u b e r c u l ummu s c ust ic a l e n t
a n t e r i o roi sf t h e1 .r i b
co|.umn:
F:VertebraI
partof the
flexes
thecervicaI
co[umnlateratly
vertebraL
Thorax:
eLevating
thefirstrib,thereby
elevates
t h et h o r a (xm u s c Loef i n s p i r a t i o n )
l : W i t ha s h o rt e n d oant t h e1 .r i b ,
j u s tb e h i ntdh eS u [ c uasr t e r i a e
subcLaviae
column:
F:VertebraI
partof the
thecervicaI
flexes
cotumnLateraLty
vertebraI
Thorax:
etevating
thefirstrib,thereby
etevates
t h et h o r a Ixm u s c toef i n s p i r a t i o n l
l: Witha shortandftattendonat
n ft h e2 { 3| r i b
t h eu p p em
r argio
F :V e r t e b r a L c o L u m n :
partof the
flexes
thecervical
columnlateratly
vertebraI
Thorax:
e L e v a ttehses e c o n{da n dt h i r drl i b ,
thethoraxImuscte
thereby
elevating
o fi n s p i r a t i o n l
M.scalenusmedius
Directbranches
of thePtexus
cervicalis
andthePlexusbrachialis
0: Tubercu[a
oftheProcc
transversi
ofthe3.-7.cervicaI
vertebra
posterior
M.scalenus
Directbranches
of the Plexus
cervicatis
andtheP[exusbrachiatis
0 : T u b e r c upLoas t e r i oor aft h e
Procc.
transversi
of the5 and
6 cervicaI
vertebra
-
I Head I Neck I Trunk
TheprevertebraI
muscLes
areLocated
tothebothsides
ofthebodies
ofthecervicaI
andupper
ihoracic
vertebrae,
andareensheathed
bythe
Lamina
prevertebraIis
oftheFascia
cervicaLis
TheanterotateraI
partoftheAtLas
andAxisareconnected
bytheshortM rectus
capitis
anterior.
M.rectuscapitisanterior
Rr.ventralesof the Plexusceryicalis
0: Proctransversus
andMassa
lateralis
of theAttas
l; Parsbasitaris
ofthe0s occipitate F: Ftexes
theheadlateroventratry,
theheadipsiLaterall.vJ
frotates
M.tongus
capitis
Directbranches
ofthePlexus
cervicalis
0: Tubercu[a
anteriora
of
theProcc.
transversi
ofthe
3.-6 cervicaI
vertebra
l: 0utersurface
of thePars
basitaris
of the0s occioitate
F: Ftexes
theheadventrally
theheadipsitaterattyl
[rotates
l: Procc.
transversi
of the
5.-7.cervicaI
vertebra,
bodies
of the2 -4. cervicaI
vertebra,
Tubercu[um
anterius
of theAtLas
F: Ftexes
theheadventralty
theheadipsitateritlyl
Irotates
M.longus
colti
Directbranchesof the Plexusceryicalis
0 : B o d i eosf t h e5 .c e r v i c a t a
u
+k^-^^;^.,^-r^L-^
L tt u t d L t L v t r t t t r u t d l
Tubercuta
anteriora
of theProcc
transversi
ofthe2.-5.cervicaL
vertebra
Uppert i m b I L o w e r[i mb I C ra n i ant e rve s
i si n o irs s i t u a t ej ud s tb e t o w .
T h eM p e c t o r a L
mi sa j o m
r o u [ dtsh es u r f a caen a t o moyft h ea n t e r i ourp p etrh o r a c w
i ca I LT h eM p e c t o r a lm
T o g e t hw
e ri t ht h eM s u b c l a v i ut hse, s em u s c l ebse t o ntgo t h eg r o u po f t h ev e n t r amLu s c l eosft h es h o u L d(esre eT a b2 5 )
T h eM m i n t e r c o s t ael exst e r nain di n t e r nf i Ltth ei n t e r c o s st apLa c eT h eM m ,s u b c o s t a L
ae
n sdt h eM t r a n s v e r stuhso r a c iasr eL o c a t ea dtt h e
i n n e sr u r f a coeft h et h o r a c w
i ca L S
[ ometime
a s u p e r f i c i al o
t l cy a t eM
d s t e r n a tci sa nb ef o u n d
M,sternatis
pectoralisl
muscLe,
in approx.
5%ofthecaseslocated
ontheFascia
Iinconstant
Branches
ofthe
Nn
".,',';:50::';,TiiT1i;iil#:i:::1'""Tf:Jl,'ffiffi'i::,']J,fjjil"'
pectorar
F:contracts
the
skin
Mm.intercostales
externi
Nn lntercostales
INn thoracicil
0 : I n f e r i omr a r g i o
n ft h e1 - ' l 1 r i b
fromtheTubercuLum
costae
to
t h ej u n c t i obne t w e ecna r t i t a g e
a n 00 0 n e
l : S u p e r i omr a r g i o
n ft h e
c o r r e s p o n dlionw
g er i b
F: ELevate
theribs,
spacein deep
reinforce
theintercostaL
inspiration
posteriora
intimi.]
Mm.intercostates
de[ineate
theMm.intercostates
interniIlnteriorty,
theVasaintercostatia
andtheN intercostalis
Nn.intercostales
INn.thoracici]
0 : S u p e r i omr a r g i o
n ft h e
2 . - 1 2r i bf r o mt h es t e r n a L e n d
o ft h eC a r t i [ a gco s t a Lt iost h e
Angul.us
costae
n ft h e
l : l n f e r i omr a r g i o
c o r r e s p o n dui npgp erri b
F. Danrocc
l : I n f e r i omr a r g i o
n ft h el o w e r
r i b sa, l w a yssk i p p i nogn er i b
i ca t L ,
F : R e i n f o r tcheet h o r a c w
d e p r e st sh er i b si n d e e pe x p i r a t i o n
l : C a r t i L acgoos t a l o
i sft h e2 - 6 r i b
ctose
t o t h ej u n c t i obne t w e e n
F : R e i n f o r ctehsei h o r a c iwc a Li tn d e e p
e x pria t i o n
tho rihc
spacein deep
reinforce
theintercostaL
e x prra r 0 n
Mm.subcostales
muscLes]
Iinconstant
Nn rntercostales
INn.thoracici]
0 : S u p e r i omr a r g i o
n ft h el o w e r
r i b sb e t w e et n
h eT u b e r c u Launmd
A n g u t ucso s t a e
(inconstant
M.transversus
thoracis
musctel
Nn.intercostales
INn.thoracici]
0 : C o r p usst e r n i ,
d o r s o t a t em
r aaI r g i o
n ft h eP r o c .
xiphoideus,
Cartitago
costatis
of the{5I 7.rib
nerfilrno
end
hnno
HeadlNecklTrunk
T 1 4 - T1 5
T h ev e n t r amLu s c t eosft h ea b d o m i n a L wtahLeM
t , r e c t u as b d o m i nai sn dt h eM p y r a m i d a tai rse,[ o c a t ewdi t h i nt h er e c t u s h e a t h ,
M.rectusabdominis
Nn intercostateslNn.thoracicil;LessfrequenttyventralbranchesoftheupperNn
\umbaLes
0 : 0 u t e rs u r f a coeft h eC a r t i t a g o
c o s t a to
i sft h e5 - 7 . r i b ,
P r o cx. i p h o i d e u s ,
L i g gc o s t o x i p h o i d e a
l: Cristp
a u b i coaft h e0 s c o x a e ,
S y m p h y spius b i c a
F : F l e x et sh et r u n k ,
c o m p r e s stehsea b d o m e n ,
expr
ratron
l: Linea Lba
F: Tenses"
the[ineaaLba
M.pyramidatis
muscte]
Iinconstant
Caudal
Nn intercostates
[Nn thoracicil
0: Cristapubica
of the0s coxae,
pubica
Symphysis
ventraI
to the
M r e c t u as b d o m i n i s
T o g e t h et hr ,eM o b t i q u uesx t e r n uasb d o m i n ti sh ,eM .o b t i q u ui ns t e r n uasb d o m i nai sn dt h eM t r a n s v e r saubsd o m i nai sr er e f e r r et d
o a s[ a t e r a L
m u s c l e s tohf e a b d o m i n a I wTahLeIi r t e n d i n o u s t a y e r s t o g e t h e r f o r m t h e r e Icnt tuhsesm
h ea at et h, p a r itshoef M o b t i q u u s i n t e r n u s a b d o m i n i s
a n dt h eM t r a n s v e r saubsd o m i nbi sr a n c oh f ft o f o r mt h eM c r e m a s t e r .
M.obtiquusexternusabdominis
Caudal
Nn intercostales
N.iliohypogastricus;
N iLioinguinaLis
INn thoracici);
lumbatis]
IPlexus
0 : 0 u t e rs u r f a coeft h e5 . - 1 2r.i b ,
l n d e n t ebdyf t e s hdyi g i t a t i ow
n si t h
t h eM s e r r a t uasn t e r i o r
l: Labium
e x t e r n uo
mft h e
C r i s t ia[ i a c a ,
L i gi n g u i n a t e ,
T u b e r c u t upm
ubicum,
Cristp
aubica,
L i n e a t b ap, a r t i c i p a tienst h e
f o r m a t i oonft h ea n t e r i ol ar y e r
o ft h er e c t u s h e a t h
F :U n i l a t e rianLn e r v a t i or o
n t: a t etsh e
thoraxcontratatera
lty,
flexes
thevertebraI
co[umn
ipsitatera
Lty,
bilateraL
innervation:
flexes
thetrunk,
c o m p r e s stehsea b d o m e n ,
expiration
(lnthemate,themostcaudaI
M.obtiquus
internusabdominis
fibresbranchoffas M.cremaster
intothespermatic
andtraverse
cord.l
(Ptexus
Cauda[
Nn.intercostales
N.iliohypogastricus;
N ilioinguinalis
[Nn thoracici];
tunbalis]
0: SuperficL
i aaI y eorft h eF a s c i a
thoracotumbalis,
L i n e ai n t e r m e doi aft h eC r i s t a
rLraca,
L a t e r tawI ot h i r d so ft h eL i g ,
inguinaLe
l : I n f e r i omr a r g i n
o ft h eC a r t i t a g o
c o s t a l iosft h e( 9 . 1 0- 1 2 .r i b ,
Linea Lba.
s u p e r i ot or t h eL i n e a r c u a ttah e
m u s c tpea r t i c i p a tienst h e
formation
of bothtayers
ofthe
rectussheath,
whereas
inferror
t o i t a [ [f i b r e si n s e ritn t ot h e
anterior
layeronty
F :U n i l a t e rianIn e r v a t i or o
n t: a t etsh e
thoraxipsitateraILy,
ftexes
thevertebraL
coLumn
ipsitatera
ILy,
b i t a t e r ianIn e r v a t i of lne:x etsh et r u n k ,
c o m p r e s stehsea b d o m e n
exprrar0n,
M cremaster
thetestis
etevates
UpperL i m b I L o w er[i mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
cordI
intothespermatic
andtraverse
M.transversus
abdominis
themostcaudaLfibres
branchoffas M cremaster
[lnthemal.e,
CaudalNn
intercostaleslNn
N genitofemoratis
thoracicil;
N iliohypogastricus;N
iliornguinalis[Plexuslumbalis];
F :C o m p r e s stehsea b d o m e n ,
0 : I n n esr u r f a coeft h eC a r t i t a g o l : L i n e a L b a ,
expiration,
costaLis
ofthe[5 , 6 | 7 -12 rib,
s u p e r i ot or t h eL i n e a r c u a t a
thetestis
M cremaster
elevates
P r o c cc.o s t a l eosft h e[ u m b a r
t h em u s c [pea r t i c i p a tienst h e
vertebrae
viathedeeplayerofthe f o r m a t i oonft h ep o s t e r i ol ar y e r
F a s c itah o r a c o [ u m b a l i s ,
o ft h er e c t u s h e a t hw,h e r e a s
Labium
internum
o ft h eC r i s t a
i n f e r i ot o
r i t a Lfti b r e si n s e ritn t o
iIiaca,
t h ea n t e r i oLra y e r
L a t e r tahLi r do ft h eL i g .i n g u i n a [ e
tothe
isjuxtaposed
MediaLty,
thismuscte
TheM quadratus
abdominaLwatl.
lumborum
constitutes
themuscuLar
fundament
oftheposterior
M psoas
major[seeIab.42)
M.quadratus
[umborum
(Plexus
N.intercostalts
lumbalisl
IN.thoracicus
ITl2]l;Rr musculares
0 : P o s t e r i tohri r do ft h eL a b i u m
internum
o ft h eC r i s t a
iLiaca,
LigiLiotumbal.e
'1
l : M e d i apta r to f t h e 2 r i b ,
4
P r o cc o s t a Loi fst h e - 1 [ u m b a r
vertebra
in
F: Drawstheribsdownwards
expiration,
cotumn
flexes
thevertebraI
ipsitateratty
HeadlNecklTrunk
T h ed o r s a L m u s col ef tsh i sg r o u pt ,h eM t r a p e z i uM
s , L e v a tsocr a p u t aM
e , r h o m b o i d em
u sa j oar n dM r h o m b o i d em
u si n o rb, e t o ntgo t h e
s u p e r f i c i a L Laacyceor r d i nt ogt h e i rp o s i t i o H
n o w e v earc, c o r d i nt ogt h e i ro r i g i na n di n n e r v a t itohne ya r er e f e r r et d
o a si m m i g r a t emdu s c t eosft h e
b a c kT h eM s e r r a t uasn t e r i oi sr [ o c a t eadt t h e[ a t e r at hl o r a c w
i ca l La n dt r a v e r s edso r s a I uL ny d e r n e at thhes c a p u t a
i si n o a
T h eM .p e c t o r a tm
r n dt h eM s u b c l a v ioursi g i n a tf e
r o mt h ea n t e r i ot hr o r a c w
i ca t IT h e ya r ed i s c u s s ei ndt h es e c t i oonft h ev e n t r amLu s c [ e s
o ft h es h o u L dIesre eT a b2 6 ]
M.trapezius[Attheoriginbetween
themiddte
and[owerthoracic
vertebrae
andattheSpina
scaputae,
a characteristicatty
shaped
aponeurosis
isfound.)
N. accessorius
of thePlexus
[Xl]andbranches
cervrcalis
0: Parsdescendens:
Squama
o s s i so c c i p i t a b
Le
i st w e et n
he
L i n e an u c h a Lsius p r e maan dt h e
L i n e an u c h a tsi su p e r i o r ,
P r o c cs p i n o soift h eu p p e r
cervicaI
vertebrae
viathe
Lignuchae
Parstransversa:
Proccspinosr
o ft h el o w ecr e r v i c a L
n du p p e r
t h o r a c vi ce r t e b r a e
Parsascendens:
Proccspinosi
o ft h em i d d taen dL o w et h
r oracic
vene0rae
l: Parsdescendens:
acromiaI
t h i r do ft h eC L a v i c u L a
Parstransversa:
Acromion
Parsascendens:
SoinascaouLae
F :S h o u l d eg ri r d l e :
prevents
Parsdescendens:
thedrop
e n dt h ea r m ,
o ft h es h o u t d egri r d t a
elevates
thescapuLa
androtates
the
i n f e r i oarn g Loeu t w a r dt os g e t h ewri t h
theM serratus
to atlowfor
anterior
t h ea r mt o b er a i s e o
d v e trh eh o r i z o n ta[,rotates
theheadcontralaterally
w h e ns h o u [ d ear sr ef i x e de, x t e n dt h
se
partofthevertebraI
cervicaL
coLumn
w h e nb o t hs i d e sa r ei n n e r v a t e d
Parstransversa:
drawsthescapuLa
mediatLy
Parsascendens:
depresses
the
s c a p u [aan dr o t a t eist c a u d a L t y
Vertebralcolumn:
u p o nb i L a t e ri a
nL
n e r v a t i of l na ,t t e n s
t h ek y p h o soi sft h et h o r a c ipca r to f
t h ev e r t e b r a t c o t u m n
M. levatorscapulae
Directbranches
ofthePLexus
cervicalis
andN dorsalis
scapulae
brachiatis,
Pars
supractavicuLarisJ
[Plexus
o s t e r i oor aft h e
0 : T u b e r c upt a
l : A n g u t ussu p e r i oarn da d j a c e n t F :S h o u L dqei r d t e :
nartc nf tho Qrenrrle
P r o c ct r a n s v e rosfit h e1 elevates
thescaputa
androtates
it
4 cervicaI
vertebra
craniaILy
VertebraIcotumn:
partof the
extends
thecervicaI
v e r t e b r caoI L u mwnh e ns h o u t d e r s
arefixed
M.rhomboideus
minor
N.dorsalis
scapulae
brachialis,
Pars
supractavicutaris)
IPtexus
0 : P r o cs. p i n o s uosft h e6 a n d
7 cervical
vertebra
l: Margo
m e d i a Loi fst h eS c a p u [ a
c r a n i a [t[oyt h eS p i n sa c a p u t a e
F :D r a w tsh es c a p u tm
a e d i a tal yn d
upwards,
h o L dt sh es c a p u Lt oat h et r u n k
t o g e t h ewri t ht h eM .s e r r a t uasn t e r i o r
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h ef o u ru p p e r l : M a r g o
medialo
i sft h eS c a p u t a
t h o r a c vi ce r t e b r a e
c a u d a Lt o[ yt h eS p i n a
scaputae
F :D r a w tsh es c a p u tm
a e d i a l at yn d
upwards,
h o I d tsh es c a p u Lt oat h et r u n k
t o g e t h ewri t ht h eM s e r r a t uasn t e r i o r
M.rhomboideus
major
(Ptexus
N dorsalis
scapu[ae
brachialis,
Pars
supraclavicutaris]
UpperL i m b I L o w e rl i mb I C ra n i anI e rve s
T 1 7 - T1 9
M,serratusanterior[Patsy
in ScapuLa
alata.]
of theM.serratus
resuLts
anterior
or theMm.rhomboidei
N thoracicus
longus
brachialis,
Parssupractavicularis)
[Ptexus
0 : P a r ss u o e r i o 1
r :.a n d2 .r i b
( r e a s o n a cboLny v e r g e n t J
P a r sm e d i a2: . - / + . l bI d i v e r q e n t ]
Parsinferior:5 -t8 | 9 rib
{ s t r ogn[ yc o n v e r g e n t ) ,
i n d e n t ewdi t ht h eo r i g i no ft h e
M o b t i q u uesx t e r n uasb d o m i n i s
l : P a r ss u p e r i oA
r :n g u L u s
s u p e r i oorft h eS c a p u [ a
mediaLis
P a r sm e d i aM
: argo
o ft h eS c a p u L a
P a r si n f e r i o A
r : n g u L ui nsf e r i o r
o ft h eS c a p u [ a
g ri r d [ e :
F :S h o u [ d e
d r a w st h es c a p u Lmae d i a t t y
ontotie thorax
Dresses
thescaouta
t o g e t h e r w itthheM m r h o m b o i d e i
thescaputa
Parssuperior:
elevates
thescapu[a
Parsmedia:depresses
thescapuLa
Parsinferior:depresses
a n dr o t a t etsh ei n f e r i oarn g [ e
forthearmto be
to aL[ow
outwards
r a i s eo
d v e trh eh o r i z o n ttaoIq e t h e r
w i t ht h eM t r a p e z i u s
Thorax:
is f ixed
theribswhenscapu[a
eLevates
I in s pria t i o n )
T h eM L a t i s s i mduosr sai n dt h eM p e c t o r a L
mi sa j o br e [ o ntgo t h i sg r o u pB o t hm u s c t eosr i g i n a ft reo mt h et r u n ka n dt r a v e r st eot h ea r m .
t hye, M [ a t i s s i m u
d so r siis g r o u p ewdi t ht h e
D u et o t h ep o s i t i oonf i t sm u s c u t abre I t ya,n dt h ef a c t h a ti t a [ s om i g r a t et do t h eb a c kf r o mv e n t r a I L
s u p e r f i c im
au
L s c L eo sft h eb a c k
i sa j oor r i g i n a t e
T h eM p e c t o r a lm
wdi t ht h ev e n t r aml u s c L eo sft h es h o u [ d eI sr e eT a b2. 6 J .
f rso mt h et h o r a c w
i ca LaLn d a, c c o r d i n gi st yd,i s c u s s e
M.latissimus
dorsiIBursasubtendinea
muscuLi
tatissimi
dorsiat thecontact
areawiththeM.teresmaior)
N thoracodorsalis
brachialis,
Parssupractavicularis)
lPlexus
0 : P r o cs. p i n o s uosft h es i xL o w e r l : W i t ha f [ a t e n d o snu r r o u n d i n g F :S h o u t d jeori n t :
adduction,
t h o r a c iacn dL u m b av re r t e b r a e
t h eM t e r e sm a j oar t t h eC r i s t a
m e d i arlo t a t i o n ,
l ii n o r i s
l v i aF a s c itah o r a c o L u m b a L i s l , t u b e r c um
rsion
retrove
F a c i edso r s a t o
i sft h e0 s s a c r u m ,
g ri r d t e :
Shoutde
d o r s at Ih i r do ft h eL a b i u m
r - ^ . . . r^L ^^ ^ ^ ^ . t taan dt h ea r m
uldw> trrv 5LdP(
e x t e r n uomft h eC r i s t iaL i a c a ,
mediaLty
anddownwards
[ 9] 1 0- 1 2 .r i b
f r e q u e n twLiyt ha na d d i t i o n a l
i n d e n t a t ifor n
o mt h eA n g u l u s
inforinr nf tho Qranrrle
posterior
withminor
functionaLreLevance,
posterior
areslimmuscles
ThespinocostaI
muscles,
M serratus
inferior,
superior
andM serratus
Located
inthedepth
ofthemusc[es
muscLes
oftheback
oftheback
ontopoftheautochthonous
posterior
M.serratus
superior
Ventralbranches
of theN cervicalis
[C8]andthe Nn.thoracici
IT1-T4]
0 : P r o cs. p i n o s uosft h e6 . ,
7 cervican
I dt h e1 . ,2 .t h o r a c i c
vertebra
t yt h eA n g u [ u s F : E L e v a t ehse1 . - 4r. i bI i n s p i r a t i o n ]
l : 1 . - 4r. i bl a t e r a Lt o
costae
posterior
M.serratus
inferior
Ventralbranches
of theNn thoracici
[T9-Tl2]
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e11 ,
1 2 t h o r a cai cn d1 , 2 ,L u m b a r
vertebra
l : C a u d a L m a rogfti hn e9 - 1 2 r i b
F rD r a w tsh e9 . - 1 2r.i bd o w n w a r d s
I e x pr ai t i o n ) ,
w i t hi t sp o s s i bat en t a g o n i st omt h e
itm
diaphragm
, a ya l s os u p p o fr ot r c e d
inspiration
Head
N ec k I T r unk
a Autochthonous
lateralmusctesof the backlFig.797
,800,802,805,8691
T h e[ a t e r at rl a c to ft h ea u t o c h t h o n omuuss c L eo sft h eb a c kc o v e rtsh em e d i at Ir a c ti nt h en e c ka n dL u m b ar er g i o an n di st h e r e f o a
r et s o
r e f e r r etdo a ss u p e r f i c i a L poaftrht ea u t o c h t h o n omuuss c [ eosft h eb a c kT h ef o l l o w i nmgu s c l ewsi t ht o n g i t u d i n a t f i bbreetso ntgo t h i st r a c t
M i I i o c o s t a tMi s[,o n g i s s i m u
, i n t e r t r a n s v e r sTahr e
Msm
io
i b t i q uM
e m s p t e n id
c i v e r gcer a n i a t{[syp i n o t r a n s v e rTshaeLM) m L e v a t o r e s
c o s t a r utm
T a v e r so eb L i q u ewtiyt hl a t e r o c a u d a
i rIe c t i ot o
nt h er i b s
M.iliocostatis
[umborum
Rrposteriores
oftheNn Lumba[es
0 : T o g e t hw
e ri t ht h e
M t o n g i s s i mtuhso r a c ifsr o m :
P r o c cs p i n o soift h e[ u m b a r
vertebrae,
F a c i edso r s a l iosft h e0 s s a c r u m ,
d o r s at Lh i r do ft h eC r i s t ial i a c a ,
F a s c itah o r a c o [ u m b a [ i s
M. itiocostatis
thoracis
Rr posteriores
of theNn thoraact
O : 1 2- 7 r i bm e d i a ttloyt h e
A n g u I ucso s t a e
M.itiocostatis
cervicis
Rr posteriores
of theNn cervicales
0 : 7 - 4 1 3| r i bm e d i a tttoyt h e
A n g u L uc so s t a e
l : A n g u t ucso s t aoeft h e
1 2- 5 r i b
F :U n i t a t e rianln e r v a t i: ol ant e r a I
f[exion,
b i t a t e r ianIn e r v a t i oenx:t e n s r o n
l : A n g u I ucso s t aoeft h e
1 6 l 7 - 1r i b
F :U n i l a t e rianLn e r v a t i: ol ant e r a I
f lexion,
b i t a t e r ianLn e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
o s t e r i uosf
l : T u b e r c u [ upm
theProctransversus
of the
6.-t4I 3 cervicaI
vertebra
F :U n i t a t e rianIn e r v a t i oLna:t e r a I
fl e x i o n ,
bilatera
i nI n e r v a t i oenx :t e n s i o n
U p p e rt im b I L o w e r[i mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
M ,l o n g i s s i m u s t h o r a{ lctiissc t o s e a
l . tyt a c h et o
d t h eM L o n g i s s i mcuesr v i cai sn dt h eM .s p i n a LIi s
Rr.posteriores
of theNn spinales
: r o cm a m i I L a r t s F :U n i l a t e rianIn e r v a t i ol ant:e r a I
withthe
l : M e d i apIa r t P
0:Together
:,.ry
''
f lexion,
M i l i o c o s t a[lui sm b o r u fm
rom:
o ft h e5 l u m b avr e r t e b r a ,
i nI n e r v a t i:oenx t e n s i o n
bilatera
P r o c cs p i n o soift h eL u m b a r
P r o ca c c e s s o r ioufst h e
4 - ' l L u m b av re r t e b r a ,
vertebrae,
F a c i edso r s a Loi sft h e0 s s a c T u m , P r o c cI r a n s v e rosfit h et h o r a c i c
frequentty
verleDrae;
fromtheProc
part:Proc.costatis
of
LateraL
m a m i L [ aor ifst h e2 a n dt h e
'l
l s
t h e4 - 1 l u m b avr e r t e b r a ,
I u m b avre r t e b r as, w e t a
doon levor nf tho F:cria
fromtheProctransversus
of
t h e1 2- 5 t h o r a c vi ce r t e b r a
t h o r a c om
I ub aI i s ,
1 2- Z r i bm e d i a Lt o
Ltyh eA n g u t u s
costae
M.longissimus
cervicis
Rr oosteriores
of theNn soinales
0 : P r o ct.r a n s v e r soufst h e
5 - 1 t h o r a c iacn d7 - 3 c e r v i c a t
vertebra
o s t e r i uosf
l : T u b e r c u t upm
t h eP r o ct r a n s v e r soufst h e
vertebra
5 -2 cervicaL
F : U n i l a t e rianLn e r v a t i oLna:t e r a L
ftexion,
nL
n e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
b i L a t e ri a
l
M.tongissimus
capitis
Rr.posteriores
of theNn sptnales
mra r g i o
n ft h e
of the
l: Posterio
0: Proc,transversus
3 t h o r a c i c -c3e r v i c a L v e r t e b r a P r o cm a s t o i d e u s
F :U n i l a t e rianLn e r v a t i ol ant:e r a t
fL e x i o n ,
nL
n e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
b i L a t e ri a
HeadlNecklTrunk
Mm.intertransversarii
laterates
lumborum(StrictLy
speaking,
thesemuscLes
areofventraI
descent
andcantherefore
notbereferred
to
asautochthonous
muscLes
oftheback.)Rr.posteriores
andanteriores
of theNn spinates
0 : T u b e r o s i ti a
L si a c a ,
l : P r o cc o s t a Loi sft h e
F :U n i t a t e rianIn e r v a t i: o[ ant e r a L
Proccostatis
andProc.
5 - 1 L u m b av re r t e b r a ,
f[exion,
a c c e s s o r ioufst h e5 - 1 L u m b a r
Tuberositas
itiaca
bilatera
i nLn e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
vertebra,
Proctransversus
of the
12 .t h o r a c vi ce r t e b r a
Mm.intertransversarii
mediales
tumborum
Rr postertores
and anteriores
of the Nn.spina|es
:i
1t
0: Proc.accessorius
of the
+ - 1 [ u m b avre r t e b r a
l : P r o cm a m i l L a o
r ifst h e
5 -2 [umbarvertebra
F :U n i L a t e irnanI e r v a t i ol ant:e r a L
fl e x i o n ,
b i t a t e r iantn e r v a t i oenx:t e n s i o n
l : P r o ca c c e s s o r iaunsdP r o c
m a m i t t a roi sf t h e1 [ u m b a r
vertebra
upto theProc
t r a n s v e r soufst h e11 t h o r a c i c
vertebra
F :U n i l a t e rianLn e r v a t i o[ ant:e r a l
fL e x i o n ,
b i L a t e ri a
n In e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
Mm.intertransversarii
thoracis
Rr.posteriores
and anteriores
of theNn spinaLes
.- ' f ,
0: Proc.transversus
of the
12.-10
t h. o r a cvi ce r t e b r a
Mm'intertransversarii
posteriores
cervicis
thesemuscles
lstricttyspeaking,
areofventraI
descent
andcantherefore
notbereferred
to
asautochthonous
muscles
of theback.lRr Dosteriores
andanteriores
of theNn soinales
0: Tubercutum
posterius
of
l : T u b e r c u L pu oms t e r i uosf
F :U n i l a t e rianLn e r v a t i: ol ant e r a I
theProctransversus
of the
theProctransversus
ofthe
flexion,
6 -1 cervicaI
vertebra
7 -2 cervical
vertebra
bilatera
i nLn e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
Mm.intertransversarii
anteriores
cervicis
speaking,
thesemuscLes
lstrictty
areofventraI
descent
andcantherefore
notbereferred
to
asautochthonous
musctes
of theback.lRr.posteriores
andanteriores
of theNn.spinales
0 : T u b e r c u [ uam
n t e r i uosf
theProctransversus
of the
6 -1 cervicaL
vertebra
l : T u b e r c u l uam
n t e r i uosft h eP r o c . F :U n i t a t e rianIn e r v a t i: ol ant e r a I
t r a n s v e r soufst h e7 . - 2c. e r v i c a L f lexion,
vertebra
bilatera
i nLn e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
UpperL i m b I L o w e rl i mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
M.sptenius
cervicis
Rr.posteriores
of theNn cervicales
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
l : T u b e r c u L pu oms t e r i uosf
of the
3 t h o r a c -i c6 c e r v i c a L v e r t e b r a ,theProctransversus
I in crrnrec nin: lo
vertebra
[3] 2 -1 cervicaI
F :U n i t a t e rianIn e r v a t i ol ant:e r a L
fl e x i o n ,
partof the
rotates
thecervicaI
v e r t e b r caoLl u m a
n n dt h eh e a d
ipsilatera
Lty,
se
nL
n e r v a t i: oenx t e n dt h
b i L a t e ri a
pL
a r to ft h ev e r t e b r caoI L u m n
cervica
M.splenius
capitis
Rr.posteriores
oftheNn cerwcales
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
3 -7 cervicaL
vertebra,
Lignuchae
l : P r o cm a s t o i d e u s ,
I L i n en
a u c h a l si su p e r i o r l
F : U n i l a t e rianLn e r v a t i oLna:t e r a I
fL e x i o n ,
partof the
thecervicaI
rotates
v e r t e b r ca oI t u mann dt h eh e a d
ipsitateratLy,
se
bilatera
i nI n e r v a t i:oenx t e n dt h
p Ia r to ft h ev e r t e b r a L c o L u m n
cervica
breves
traverse
to the
costarum
theMm [evatores
Mm.levatores
costarum
costarum
Longi
skiponerib,whereas
[TheMm levatores
adjacen
ca
t u d ar Ii b .T h e r e
a r en oM m .L e v a t o rceoss t a r u L
mo n gi ni t h em i d - t h o r a cpiacr t . l
Rr.posteriores
of theN cervicatis
[C8]andtheNn thoracici
ITl-T10]
ihe ribs,
F: ELevate
0 : P r o ct r a n s v e r soufst h e
l : 12 - 1 r i bL a t e r attol yt h e
7
ofthe
androtation
lateraIflexion
11 .t h o r a c i c c e r v i c vael r t e b r a A n q u L uc so s t a e
vertebraLco[umn
ry
HeadlNecklTrunk
b Autochthonoue
medialmusctes
ofthebacklFiq.797,800-803,
805,8691
T h em e d i at rI a c o
t ft h ea u t o c h t h o n o
muuss c [ ei sL o c a t eb de L otw
h e[ a t e r at rI a c it nt h en e c ka n dt u m b arre g i oann di st h e r e f o ar eL s roe f e r r et o
da s
d e e pp a r to ft h ea u t o c h t h o n o
muuss c L o
e fst h eb a c kT h ef o t t o w i nmgu s c l ewsi t h[ o n g i t u d i n a t f i b e
r el os ntgot h i st r a c tT: h eM m i n t e r s p i n aaLneds
t h eM s p i n a l iTs h eM m r o t a t o r et sh,eM m m u l t i fd ia n dt h eM s e m i s p i n at lriasv e r soeb t i q u ecLoyn v e r g im
n ge d i o c r a n i a
l t Irtayn s v e r s o s p i n a L ]
Mm.interspinales
Iumborum
Rr.posteriores
oftheNn soinales
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
5 - 1 [ u m b avre r t e b r a
l : U p p em
r argio
n ft h eC r i s t a
F :S e g m e n teaxLt e n s i o n
sacra[m
isediana,
P r o cc n i n o s rnr fct h p5 - 2 l u m b a r
vertebra
Mm.interspinates
thoracis
Rr.posteriores
of theNn spinates
cninncrrc nf thp
- 2 |1 . 1
t h o r a c vi ce r t e b r a
l : P r o cs. p i n o s uosft h e
[ 1 t u m b a r1l 2 . - 31 2| t h o r a c r c
vertebra
F :S e g m e n teaxl t e n s i o n
Mm.interspinates
cervicis
Rr.posteriores
oftheNn.spinales
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
7.-2 cervicaL
vertebra
l : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
F :S e g m e n teaxLt e n s i o n
1 t h o r a c i c -c3e. r v i c a t v e r t e b r a
Up p e rt im b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anl .e rve s
at its insertion
J
at itsorigin,andto theMm muttifidi
thoracis
M.spinatis
thoracis{ThemuscLe
is tightty
attached
to theM.[ongissimus
Rr.posteriores
of theNn spinates
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
[3]2,ltumbarandthe
12 - 10 t h o r a c vi ce r t e b r a
l : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
t 1 0I 9 - 2 t h o r a c vi ce r t e b r a
F : U n i L a t e irnanl e r v a t i ol ant:e r a I
fL e x i o n ,
b i [ a t e r iantn e r v a t i oenx:t e n s i o n
l : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
vertebra
t6I 5 -2. cervical
F :U n i l a t e rianIn e r v a t i:ol ant e r a L
fl e x i o n ,
en
xtension
b i L a t e rranIn e r v a t:i o
at its insertionJ
capitis
to theM.semispinatis
M.spinatis
capitis(inconstant
muscte,
tighttyattached
Rr.oosteriores
of theNn sninales
F :U n i t a t e rianIn e r v a t i:ol ant e r a I
l : S q u a moas s i so c c i p i t a t i s
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosf
fl e x i o n ,
h eL i n e an u c h a t i s
b e t w e et n
t h e3 - 1 t h o r a c iacn dt h e
s u p r e maan dt h eL i n e an u c h a t i s b i t a t e r ianLn e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
7 -5 cervicaL
vertebra
s u p e r i oard l a c e tnott h e
P r o t u b e r a notci ac i p i t aeLxi st e r n a
HeadlNecklTrunk
Mm.rotatores
intoMm.rotatores
lTheyaresubdivided
cervicis,
Mm.rotatores
thoracis
andtheinconstant
Mm.rotatores
lumborum.
TheMm rotatores
breves
traverse
to theadjacent
uppervertebra,
whereas
theMm.rotatores
tongiextend
to thesecond
nextvertebra.)
Rr posteriores
of theNn spinales
}w
0 : P r o c cm a m i l l a r eosft h e
l u m b avr e r t e b r a e ,
Procctransversi
ofthethoracic
vertebrae,
Proccarticutares
inferiores
of
thecervicaI
vertebrae
tx
l : R o oot ft h eP r o cs p i n o s uosf
t h e3 - 1 L u m b a1r 2
, -1 thoracic
andT-2 cervicaI
vertebra
F :U n i t a t e r a l i n n e r v astei ognm: e n t a l
L a t e r fal el x i o nr o, t a t i o n .
bitateral
innervation:
segmentaL
extensron
I
\
Mm.muttifidi[They
areparticutarty
wettdevel.oped
partof thevertebraL
in theLumbar
coLumn
andskiptwoto fourvertebrae.J
Rr.posteriores
of theNn solnales
0 : F a c i edso r s a t oi sft h e
0ssacrum,
L t gs a c r o i t i a c u
pm
osterius,
dorsalpartof theCristailiaca,
Proccmamillares
of the[umbar
vertebrae,
Procctransversi
of thethoracic
vertebrae,
P r o ca. r t i c u t a ri insf e r i oorft h e
7 -4 cervicaL
vertebra
l : P r o cs. p i n o s uosft h e
5-1 Lumba
r rtebra,
ve
1 2- 1 t h o r a c iacn d T- 2 . c e r v i c a L
vertebra
F :U n i l a t e rianLn e r v a t i: os ne g m e n t a l
LateraI
f Lexion,
rotation,
b i t a t e r a L i n n e r v as tei o
gn
m:e n t a l
exrension
M.semispinatis
thoracis{ltsfibresskipfiveto seven
vertebrae.)
Rr.posteriores
of theNn,spinales
0 : P r o ct r a n s v e r soufst h e
l : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
F :U n i l a t e rianln e r v a t i or ont:a t etsh e
n 2 ) 1 1- 7 . [ 6 ] t h o r a c i c v e r t e b r a( 4 ] 3 t h o r a c i c -c6e r v i c a I v e r t e bvr ea r t e b rcaoI L u m n a n d t h e h e a d
contra
[atera
Lty,
bilatera
i nI n e r v a t i oenx:t e n s i o n
Upperli m b I L o w e rl i mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
M.semispinatis
cervicis
Rr posteriores
of theNn soinales
0 : P r o ct.r a n s v e r soufst h e
l : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h e
[ 7J5 .t h o r a c i-c7 . c e r v i c vaeI r t e b r a 6 - 3 c e r v i c a L v e r t e b r a
nt a t e s
F :U n i [ a t e rianIn e r v a t i:or o
n n dt h eh e a d
t h ev e r t e b r ca oI l u m a
ra[[y,
contraLate
t a t e r af lLe x i o n
i nI n e r v a t i:oenx t e n s r o n
bilatera
M.semispinatis
capitis
Rr.posteriores
of theNn sornaLes
n t: a t e s
F :U n i [ a t e rianLn e r v a t i or o
0 : P r o ct r a n s v e r soufst h e
l : S q u a moas s i so c c i p i t a t i s
l 8 | 7 t h o r a c i-c3 c e r v i c a L v e r t e b br ae t w e eLni n e an u c h a tsi su p r e m a t h ev e r t e b r caoI L u mann dt h eh e a d
- ^ ^ + .O- T| ^O+L C^ T. ^O |L1r y, ,,
LUilU
a n dL i n e an u c h a tsi su p e r i o r ,
[ateraI
fLexion
mediaIarea
i nI n e r v a t i: oenx t e n s i o n
bilatera
c Autochthonous
deepmusclesof the neck[Fig.800,801,803,804,806J
T h eM m r e c tci a p i t ipso s t e r i omri n o e
r t m a j oar n dt h eM m o b L i qcuai p i t issu p e r i oert i n f e r i obre [ o ntgo t h em e d i a I t r aocftt h ea u t o c h t h o n o u s
m u s c l eosft h eb a c kw, h e r e at sh eM r e c t u cs a p i t i[sa t e r a Ibi se l o n gt so t h el a t e r at L
ract
M. rectuscapitisposteriormajor
(dorsal
N suboccipitalts
branch
of theN cervicalis
[Cl]J
0 : P r o cs p i n o s uosft h eA x i s
X:
l.
I
l : M i d d lteh i r do ft h eL i n e a
n u c h a Li n
i sf e r i o r
n t: a t easn d
F :U n i t a t e rianLn e r v a t i or o
ftexes
theheadipsiLateraL|.y,
i nI n e r v a t i opna:r t i c i p a tiens
bilatera
t h ef i n et u n i n go ft h ep o s i t i oann dt h e
i nI t s
ca
m o v e m e inntt h ec r a n i o c e r v ji o
extension
l : M e d i a l t h ior fdt h eL i n e a
n u c h a I i ns f e r i o r
F :U n i L a t e irnanLe r v a l i of lne:x etsh e
t,
M.rectuscapitisposteriorminor
N suboccipitaLis
branch
of theN cervtcalis
ldorsal
[Cl]l
i.li
i.
0:Tubercu
m posterius
ofthe
Arcuspost ior of the Atlas
k^^l
ilsou
i^-il-+^.^11,,
rPJr(o(sroLry,
s
i nl n e r v a t i o p
na
: r i i c i p a t ei n
biLatera
n n dt h e
t h e f i n et u n i n go f t h e p o s i t i o a
a iIn t s ,
m o v e m e ni tn t h e c r a n i o c e r v i cj o
extensron
HeadlNecklTrunk
M.obtiquus
capitis
superior
N. suboccipitalis
Idorsalbranchof theN. ceryicalis
ICl]l
posterius
0: Tubercu[um
ofthe
Proctransversus
of theAtlas
I
l : L a t e r at hI i r do ft h eL i n e a
n u c h a Li insf e r i o r
F: UnitateraI
innervation:
ftexes
the
L^^f,:^^:l^+^-^11.,
I rtrdu rP>rrdrtrr d(ry,
b i [ a t e r iant n e r v a t i: opna r t i c i p a tiens
t h ef i n et u n i n go ft h ep o s i t i oann dt h e
joints,
movement
in thecraniocervicaI
extenSr0n
:.
M.obtiquuscapitisinferior
N.suboccipitalis
branch
of theN. cervicalis
Idorsal
[Cl]l
0 : P r o cs o i n o s uosft h eA x i s
l: Posterior
marginof theProc.
transversus
of theAtlas
F: UnilateraI
innervation:
rotates
the
Atl.as
landtheheadlipsiLateraLl.y,
b i L a t e ri a
n In e r v a t i opna:r t i c i p a tiens
t h ef i n et u n i n g
o f t h ep o s i t i oann dt h e
movement
in thecraniocervicaI
ioints,
exIenSt0n
l : P r o cj .u g u L a roi sfi h e0 s
occipita[e
F :U n i l a t e rianIn e r v a t i of lne:x etsh e
M. rectuscapitislateratis
Ventral
branches
of theN cervicalis
IC1]J
0: Anterior
marginoftheProc
transversus
of theAtlas
hpad incilatprallv
innervation:
participates
bitateraI
in
t h ef i n et u n i n g
o ft h ep o s i t i oann dt h e
movement
in thecraniocervicaL
ioints
U p p e rt i m b I L o w erti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
t n dl e f tp [ e u r a L c a vTiht yeP a r sI u m b a l i s
r ft h er i g h a
T h ed i a p h r a gdmi v i d et sh et h o r a c iacn dt h ea b d o m i n a L c alvt si t"yd o m e sf o r mt h ef [ o o o
d e [ i n e a ttehser e t r o p e r i t o nsepaaI c e
d o r s a [aLny dc o n s t i t u tae ps a r to ft h ed o r s aal b d o m i nwa aL L L
Diaphragma
N phrenicus
cervicalis]
[Plexus
innersurface
0: Parssternatis:
o ft h eP r o cx i p h o i d e u s ,
r e c t us h e a t h
Parscostalis:
innersurface
ofthe
'12
C a r t i L acgoos t a Loi fst h e - 6
r i b ,s e r r a t ewdi t hi n d e n t a t i oonf s
t h eM .t r a n s v e r saubsd o m i n i s
Pars[umbalis,
Crusdextrum,
- P a r sm e d i a LC
i so: r p uosft h e
3 - 1 L u m b av re r t e b r a ,
Disciintervertebra
Les
- ParsLateratis:
Liggarcuata
m e d i a tIep s o aasr c a d ealn d
L a t e r altqeu a d r a t u
a sr c a d e )
Pars[umbatis,
Crussinistrum,
- P a r sm e d i a LC
i so: r p uosft h e
4 - 1 L u m b av re r t e b r a ,
DisciintervertebraLes
- ParsLateratis:
Ligg.arcuata
m e d i a |I.pes o aasr c a d ealn d
L a t e r allqeu a d r a t u
a sr c a d e )
l: ALIpartsmergein theCentrum
tendineum
F : D i a p h r a g m abtriec a t h i n g
( lns p i r ai otnl ,
c o m p r e s stehsea b d o m e n
Passages
andweakpointsin the diaphragm
Name
Hiatusaorticus
Hiatusoesophageus
Foramen
venaecavae
Trigonumsternocostale
cteft]
ILARREY's
Trigonum
Iumbocostate
Unnamed
Unnamed
Unnamed
Location
P a r sL u m b a [ i s ,
cotumn
andvertebral
Crusdextrum/sinistrum
between
P a r s[ u m b a [ i s ,
n e a tr h em i d t i n e
C r u ss i n i s t r u m
Centrum
tendineum
Between
ParscostaLis
andParsLumbalis
Parssternalis
andParscostatis
Between
P a r s[ u m b a [ i s ,
C r u sd e x t r u m / s i n i s t r{uPm
a ,r sm e d i a l . i s j
P a r sL u m b a t i s ,
b e t w e eI nP a r sm e d i a Lai snJdP a r sl a t e r a L i s
tendineum
Centrum
Structures
Aorta;
D u c t utsh o r a c i c u s
0 e s o p h a g uNsn; .v a g i ;
R .p h r e n i c o a b d o m isnianti isst e r
dexter,
N. phrenicus
V cavainferior;
R p h r e n i c o a b d o m idneaxt itse r
A ; V e p i g a s t r iscuap e r i o r
N s p l a n c h n i cm
ua
s j oar n dm i n o r ;
V hemiazygos
V azygos;
T r u n c ussy m p a t h i c u s
Nl nhroninrrc
cinicior
R p h r e n i c o a b d o m isnianLi si st e r
HeadlNecklTrunk
T w op a r t i a .ot Lvye r l a p p im
n gu s c [Lea y e fr os r mt h ef t o o o
r ft h ep e L vci ca v i t T
y h eM l e v a t oarn i t, h eM i s c h i o c o c c y gaenudtsh eM .s p h i n c t e
a rn i
e x t e r n ufso,r mt h eD i a p h r a g m
p eaL v i s .
T h eD i a p h r a g m
u rao g e n i t as[ter e t c h eassa t r i a n g u Lpatra t eb e t w e ebno t hl o w e r a m o
i ft h ep u b i cb o n el.t sf i b r e sa r et r a n s v e r s ao[r[iye n t a t e d
a n ds u p p o rt th eu r o g e n i thai La t u sA. m o n g
o t h e r tsh eM .t r a n s v e r spuesr i n epir o f u n d ut sh ,eM .s p h i n c t eu r e t h r a{et o g e t h tehre ya r er e f e r r etdo
a s M .c o m p r e s suorre t h r a a
en
J dt h eM .t r a n s v e r spuesr i n esiu p e r f i c i abI e
r s[ o ntgo t h eD i a p h r a g m
u rao g e n i t a [ e .
I nt h em a t et,h eD i a p h r a g m
u rao g e n i t ai s[ eo n [ yp a s s ebdyt h eu r e t h r aw,h e r e ai sn t h ef e m a [ eb ,o t ht h ev a g i naan dt h eu r e t h rpaa s st h r o u g h .
a Petvicdiaphragm
M ' l e v a t o r alnl tic o n s i s t st o
h fe M . p u b o c o c c y g e u s a n di lti ho ec M
occygeus.ThefibresoftheMm.tevatorprostatae,pubovaginatisan
puborectatis
originate
fromtheM.pubococcygeus
I
Branches
of theN sacra[is
[53and54]
0: M.pubococcygeus:
inner
p e r i n eI pi r e r e c t a I
l: Centrum
F :S p a nas r o u ntdh er e c t u m
from
s u r f a coef t h e0 s p u b i sn e a rt h e
fi b r e s i n
, t h em a [ et h ef a s c i o
postenor,
af
symphysrs,
theProstata
prostatae), s u p p o r t sh eM s p h i n c t e
IM levator
a rn r
a n t e r i ot w
r ot h i r d so ft h eA r c u s
i nt h ef e m a tteh ew a [ [o ft h e
externus
to cLose
therectum,
[ e n d i n e umsu s c u[Lei v a t o rai sn i ,
V a g i n(aM p u b o v a g i n a t i s l ,
t h em e d i af Ir e em a r g i fno r m st h e
Spina
ischiadica
r a d i a t ei n
s t ot h eM s p h i n c t e
a rn i
u r o g e n i thaiIa t u sw, h i c ha l l o w tsh e
M.iliococcygeus:
posterior
third
e x t e r n ufso,r m sa l o o pw i t ht h e
u r e i h r iant h em a Laen db o t ht h e
o ft h eA r c u st e n d i n e umsu s c u l i
c o n t r a l a t efriabIr elsu s tb e h i n d
u r e t h raan dt h ev a g i niant h ef e m a t e
[evatoris
ani
t h eA n u sI M p u b o r e c t a [ i s ) ,
t o p a s st h r o u g h
C o r p uasn o c o c c y g e u m ,
0s coccygis
M.ischiococcygeus
Branches
of theN sacratis
[54andS5]
0 : I n n esr u r f a coeft h eS p i n a
l: LateraL
marginof thelower
i s c hi a d i c ap,r e d o im
n an t L y
s e g m e n ot sft h e0 s s a c r u m ,
a t t a c h et d
o t h eL i g s a c r o s p i n a [ e 0s coccygis
F :S u p p o rt hs ep e t v idci a p h r a g m
M.sphincter
aniexternus(muscutar
toopwitha ring-[ike
shapeupto theM Levator
ani]
N pudendus
sacralisl
IPIexus
0: Parssubcutanea:
Dermls
a n ds u b c u t a n e ot iusss u e s
s u r r o u n d itnhgeA n u s
Parssuperficialis:
Centrum
p e nn e l
Parsprofunda:
rlng-[ike
muscte
l : D e r m ias n ds u b c u t a n e o u s
t i s s u essu r r o u n d itnhgeA n u s ,
Iin
rnnencnrrno"m
F :C l o s u roeft h ea n u s
m b I C ra
Up p e rL i m b I L o w e rttii mb
r a n i anLI e rve s
b Urogenitat
diaphragm
e i t ho p e n i n gf os rt h e
i t hc o n n e c t itvi ses u w
en
M .t r a n s v e r s up se r i n epi r o f u n d u( sl ti s a t r i a n g u [ sa ur p p o r t i m
v eu s c u l al ar y e irn t e r w o vw
s b L i q u eoLv ye trh eA r c u sp u b i sa n dA n g u t ussu b p u b i c u s ,
u r e t h riant h em a t ea n df o rb o t ht h eu r e t h raan dt h ev a g i niant h ef e m a . l t s p a n o
e r i n epir o f u n d u m . l
r e s p e c t i v eaLnydi,s s u p p L e m e nbt yetdh eL i g .p u b i c u m
i n f e r i uasn dt h e g t r a n s v e r s upm
(Plexus
N pudendus
sacralisl
F :S u p p o rt hs eu r o g e n i thaiIa t u s ,
l : C e n t r u pme r i n e i ,
0 : R a m uisn f e r i oors s i sp u b i s ,
s e a t tsh eu r e t h rIaa n dt h eu r i n a r y
R a m uoss s i iss c h i i ,
f a s c i aoeft h ep r o s t a taen dt h e
bLadderl
vaginatwatl
c o n n e c t itvi ses u e n v e t oopft h e
\/-.^ ^,,.1^^.1^ ;^+^.^^
v o J o P u u g i l u o l t r L g tt r o
n a r i n g - L i kf aes h i o n ]
M .s p h i n c t eurr e t h r a lem u s c u Ltar ar c t i oenn v e l o p itnhgeP a r sm e m b r a n a cuerae t h r ai e
N pudendus
sacralisJ
lPlexus
s eu r o g e n i thaiIa t u s ,
l : C o n n e c t itvi ses u se u r r o u n d t n g F :S u p p o r t h
0 : R i n g - t i kmeu s c L e ,
erinei,
t h eU r e t h r(aP a r sm e m b r a n a c e a l ,p a r to ft h ec o n t i n e noc reg a no ft h e
L i g t r a n s v e r s upm
V e s i cuar i n a r i a ,
fibresfromtheM transversus
c o n t r a L a t eMr at rI a n s v e r s u s
s e a I tsh eu r i n a rbyL a d ddeur r i n g
perinei
profundus
p e r i n epir o f u n d u s ,
seeFig.1171,1175
ejacutation
v a g i n a l w a l Ls{pMh i n c t e r
urethrovagina[is]
perineisuperficialisIinconsta
M.transversus
nt muscLe
J
N pudendus
sacralisl
lPlexus
perinei
l: Centrum
0 : S u p eircf i adI i c i s i oonft h e
M t r a n s v e r spuesr i n epir o f u n d u s ,
T u b eirs c h i a d i c u m
F :S u p p o rt hs eM t r a n s v e r s u s
p e r i n epir o f u n d u s
M.ischiocavernosus
N pudendus
sacraLis)
[Plexus
0 : R a m uos s s i si s c h i i
orporum
l : T u n i caat b u g i n ec a
c a v e r n 0 Sm
0ru
F : F i x etsh ec r u r ao f p e n i si nt h e
m a L ea,n dt h ec r u r ao f c [ i t o r iisnt h e
f e m a l teo t h ei n f e r i opru b i cr a m u s ,
a sw e l [a st o t h er a m u so ft h ei s c h i u m
a n dt h eu r o g e n i tdaiLa p h r a g m ,
s u p p o r t sh ee j a c u L a t ai onndt h e
respeclrveLy
0r9asm,
M .b u t b o s p o n g i o(ssupsa nasr o u ntdh eB u L b upse n i si nt h em a L ea,n da r o u ntdh eB u l b uvse s t i b ui n[ it h ef e m a L e ]
N pudendus
sacralisl
lPlexus
bf
perinei,
l : I nt h em a l ei,t i n s e r ttsa t e r a t l y F : I nt h em a l ei,t f i x e st h eb u L o
0: Centrum
p e n itsot h eu r o g e n i t a l d i a p h r a g m ,
enis
i nt h em a t ea d d i t i o n a L o r i g i n t o t h eC o r p ussp o n g i o s upm
a n di s i n v o l v ei ndt h ee j a c u t a t i o n ;
f r o mt h eR a p hpee n i sa t t h el o w e r i n t ot h eF a s c iuar o g e n i t aiLnifse crrrfeno n{ }ho l'nrnrrc
bf
i n t h ef e m a Liet f,i x e st h eb u L o
r i o ra n dt h eb a c ko ft h eP e n i si n;
t h ef e m a Lteh,ef i b r e sa r ea t t a c h e d v e s t i b ut[oet h eu r o g e n i tdai La p h r a g m
s p 0 n g r 0 spuemn r s
a n ds u p p o r t sh eo r g a s m
t o t h eC o r p ucsa v e r n o s u m
c L i t o r i dainsdt h eF a s c idai a p h r a g m a tui sr o g e n i t aitni sf e r i o r
HeadlNecklTrunk
girdte,
a Jointsoftheshoutder
Articulationes
cingulipectoratis
Nameof thejoint
joint,
Sternoclavicular
A r t i c u l a tsi o
ternocLavicutaris
joint,
Acromioclavicular
A r t i c u t a tai o
cromioclavicuLarrs
Typeof thejoint
Movements
lrronr rl:r
R o t a t i oan[ o n g
a s a g i t t aaIx i sl a si n r a i s i ntgh es h o u [ d e r J ,
r o t a t i oanL o nagL o n g i t u d ianxaiIs{ a si n p r o t r a c t i a
ono
r e t r a c t i oonft h es h o u L d erroJt,a t i oanL o ntqh e[ o n q i t u d i n a r
a x i so ft h ec L a v i c[[aesi n s w i n g i nt g
h ea r m )
ininl cr rrf:ra
A r t i c u t a ti iror e g u t a r i s
fu n c t i o n a tsl yp:h e r o i d ej oaiIn t
I d i s t i n fcet a t u r eD:i s c uasr t i c u L a r i s l
P L a nj o
ei n t ,
A r t i c u t a tpi oL a n a
f u n c t i o n a tsl py h
: e r o i d ej oaiLn t
l d i s t i n cf et a t u r ev :a r i a b lfer ,e q u e n t L y
i n c o m p L eDties c uasr t i c u l a r r s
R o t a t i oanL o nags a g i t t aaIx i sI a si n r a i s i ntgh es h o u I d e r ] ,
r o t a t i oant o n g
a t r a n s v e ra
se
x i s( a si n s w i n g i nt g
h ea r m J ,
r o t a t i oan[ o n g
ond
a [ o n g i t u d i naax Ii sI a si n p r o t r a c t i a
r e t r a c t i oonft h es h o u l d e r l
b Jointsofthefreepartoftheupper[imb,Articutationes
membri
superioris
tiberi
Nameof thejoint
Typeof thejoint
Movements
joint,
Shoutder
A r t i c u [ a thi ou m e r i
Qnharnidorl
A r t i c u L ast ipoh e r o i d e a
P r o t r a c t i [oflne x i o na,n t e v e r s i o n )
(extension,
Retraction
retroversion)
Abduction
Adduction
MediaLrotation
LateraI
rotation
( C i r c u m d u c t ci oonm: b i n i nf lge x i o na ,b d u c t i oenx, t e n s i o n ,
a d du c t i oIn
inint
Etbowjoint,
A r t i c u t a tci u
obiti
a l A r t i c u L aht iuom e r o u L n a r i s
H i n gjeo i n t ,
Gingtymus
b l A r t i c u t a thi ou m e r o r a d i a t i s
j oai L
nt,
Spheroide
A r t i c u l a tsi o
pheroidea
l w i t hf u n c t i o nraeIs t r i c t i o n :
n oa b d u c t i o n l
c l A r t i c u L artai od i o u L n aprri os x i m a [ i s P i v oj to i n t ,
A r t i c u L attri oc h o i d e a
joint,
DistaIradioulnar
P i v oj to i n t ,
A r t i c u l a triaod i o u t n adr iiss t a [ i s
A r t i c u L attri oc h o i d e a
Wristjoints
a l A r t i c u [ a triaod i o c a r p a I i s
E l t i p s ojiodi n t ,
A r t i c u L aet iLot i p s o i d e a
b l A r t i c u t a tm
i oe d i o c a r p a l i s
H i n gjeo i n t ,
Ginglymus
joint of the
Carpometacarpat
S e t l aj ro i n t ,
thumb,
A r t i c u l a tsi oe [ [ a r i s
A r t i c u t a tci a
orpometacarpatis
poLLicis
jointslll-Vl,
Carpometacarpat
Articutationes
carpometacarpaLes
{ll-Vl
joints,
Metacarpophalangeat
Articu
[ationes
m e t a crap o p hLaa n g e a e
FLexion
Extension
Ftexion
Extension
Rotation
ft h eh a n d
] l r o n . t i o na n ds u p i n a t i o n
)
L a t e r amI o v e m e not fst h eh a n d
l u L n aarn dr a d i aaLb d u c t i o n l
F[exion
Extension
Abduction
A d du c t i o n
0pposition
Reposition
P l a n jeo i n t s ,
A r t i c u t a t i o npet as n a e
V a r i o udsi s t i n cmt o v e m e n t s
Snhornidoal inintc
FIexion
Extension
A b du c t i o*n
Adduction*
inger}
{ * w i t hr e g a rtdo t h em i d d Lf e
FLexion
Extension
A r t i c u L a t i osnpehse r o i d e a e
l w i t hf u n c t i o nraeLs t r i c t i o n s l
jointsof thefingers, H i n g jeo i n t s ,
lnterphal.angeaet
Articutation
i netse r p h a t a n gm
ea n
eu s G i n g t y m i
U p p e rt i m b I L o w erti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
F i g . 1 S h o u [ d ejro i n t ;
m o v e m e n tisn t h e s a g i t t apLL a n e
F i g . 2 S h o u l . d ej or i n t ;
m o v e m e n t si n t h e f r o n t a IP t a n e .
F i g .3 S h o u t d ej or i n t ;
m o v e m e n itns t h et r a n s v e r spet a n e .
Axis rotationis
Axis
transversalis
Extensio
Fig. 4 El.bowjoint;
m o v e m e n t si n t h e s a g i t t a p
I [ane.
joint;
F i g .5 E l . b o w
p r o n a t i o na n d s u p i n a t i o no f t h e h a n d .
Abductioradialis
Fig. 6 Wrist joints;
m o v e m e n t si n t h e s a g i t t a p
I [ane.
Fig.7 Wristjoints;
m o v e m e n it ns t h ef r o n t apI t a n e .
HeadlNecklTrunk
T 2t+
Motorfunction
Sensory
function
Plexusbrachiatis
(T2l
tc5lc4-T1
N. dorsatisscapulae
tc3lc4,c5
M .l e v a t osrc a p u t aM
e ,m r h o m b o i d e i
N.suprascaputaris
C4_C6
Nn.subscapulares
M s u p r a s p i n a tM
u s.i ,n f r a s p i n a t u s
N.subctavius
{c4lc5,c6
N.thoracicus
[ongus
c5-c7[c8)
Nn.pectorates
C8_T1
N.thoracodorsatis
C6-C8
Rr.muscutares
N.musculocutaneus
C5_C7
N.medianus
C6-T1
M .s u b c t a v i u s
M s u b s c a p u L aI M
r i s.t e
, r e sm a j o r )
M serratus
anterior
i sa j o rM
M .p e c t o r a Im
i si n o r
, .p e c t o r a Im
M L a t i s s i mduosr s iM
, .t e r e sm a j o r
M [ o n g ucso t t iM
, .[ o n g ucsa p i t i s
M coracobrachia
Mt.ibsi,c e pbsr a c h i i ,
M .b r a c h i a l i s
S k i no ft h er a d i o p a I msai dr eo ft h e
forearm
M pronator
teres,M.ftexorcarpiradialis,
M p a t m a r il so n g u sM, .f l e x odr i g i t o r u m
superficialis,
M ftexorpollicis
longus,
M .f t e x odr i g i t o r u p
mr o f u n d u{ rsa d i apto r t i o n l ,
M.pronator
quadratus,
M.ftexorpo|'Licis
brevis
S k i no ft h er a d i apLa r to ft h ep a L m
fingers),
skinof thedorsalsideof the
[31/,
distatphatanx
fingers)
{31/,
la-^,,+ ^,,^^-{i^;^r^l
tvoPur JuPcr ilLroLE,,
M o p p o n e npso t [ i c iM
s ,m I u m b r i c a Ll ,el ls
N.ulnaris
C6-T1
N.cutaneus
brachii
mediatis
c8-T1tT2l
N.cutaneus
antebrachii
mediatis
C8_T1
N.axiltaris
nE _ c ?
N.radiatis
C5_T1
M f l e x ocr a r pui l n a r i sM, .f l e x odr i g i t o r u m
p r o f u n d u[ usL n apro r t i o nM
) ,.p a L m a rbi sr e v i s ,
M .f t e x odr i g i tm
i i n i m iM
, .o p p o n e ndsi g i tm
i inimi,
M .a b d u c t odri g i tm
i i n i m iM
, .f l e x opr o t l i c ibsr e v i s
M].,a d d u c t opro L t i c i s ,
I C a p uptr o f u n d u m
M m .I u m b r i c a tlel ls,l V ,M m .t n r e r o s s e r
S k i no ft h eu L n asri d eo ft h eh a n dl p a t m a r
11/,fingers,dorsal.
21
/rf ingers),
s k i no ft h ed o r s asIi d eo ft h ed i s t a L
( 1x1fl i,n g e r s l
phaLan
S k i no ft h em e d i o p a l msai dr eo ft h ea r m
S k i no ft h eu l n o p a t msaird eo ft h e
forearm
M .d e l t o i d e uMs .,t e r e sm i n o r
S k i no ft h es h o u l d e r
M t r i c e pbs r a c h iM
i , .a n c o n e uM
s ,.b r a c h i o r a d i a [ i s , Skinof thedorsalsideofthearm,
M .e x t e n s o
ca
r r pri a d i a l i[so n g u sM, .e x t e n s oc ra r p i
forearm
andhand[21/rradialfingers
with
r a d i a t ibsr e v i sM, .s u p r n a t oMr .,e x t e n s o
d ri g i t o r u m , theexception
of thedistaIphatangesl
M e x t e n s opro L t i c[iosn g u sM, .a b d u c t opro t t i c i s
longus,
pollicis
M.extensor
brevis,
M .e x t e n s oi nr d i c i sM, .e x t e n s oc ra r pui L n a r i s
U p p e rt i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anI e rve s
T 25-T 26
nR
dS C H L I A Ct h
Ke; i n d i c a t o
mru s c toefe a c hs e g m e ni st p r i n t eidn b o t d)
l , A c c o r dtion M
g U M E N T H A LaE
[r ,v r - , , ^ - ^ ^ ^ ; ^r^o+r u
, ,)> u P ro J P i l
M t e r e sm i n o r
M.del,toideus:
C5
M .i n f r a s p i n a t u s
L,
-,,h^^-^,,t^-;rvr. )uuJLdPuLor
rJ
M .t e r e sm a j o r
M.bicepsbrachii:
C5
M .b r a c h i a t i s
M .c o r a c o b r a c h i a L i s
M.tricepsbrachii:C7
M .b r a c h i o r a d i a l i s
M extensor
carpiradiatis
longus
M extensor
carpiradiatis
brevis
M .s u p i n a t o r
M pronator
teres
M flexorcarpiradiatis
potticis
M f Lexor
[ongus
C4_C5
C4_C5
C5-C6
C4-C6
C5_C6
C5_C7
C5_C6
C5*C6
ntr a.?
C6-C8
C5_C6
C5_C7
C5-C6
C6-C7
C6_C7
C6-C8
M a b d u c t opro L t i c[iosn g u s
poLticis
brevis
M extensor
poLLicis
tongus
M extensor
digitorum
M extensor
M .e x t e n s oi nr d i c i s
M .e x t e n s o
ca
r r pui L n a r i s
M .e x t e n s o
d ri g i tm
i inimi
M f t e x odr i g i t o r usmu p e r f i c i a l i s
mr o f u n d u s
M .f l e x odr i g i t o r u p
M .f t e x ocra r pui t n a r i s
po[[icis
brevis
M.abductor
brevis
M flexorpoILicis
M o p p o n e npso L t i c i s
i inimi
M f l e x odr i g i tm
M a d d u c t opro t t i c i s
digitiminimi:C8
M.abductor
C8
Mm.interossei:
C6_C8
C7-T1
C6_C8
C6_C8
C6-C8
C6-C8
C6-C8
C7_T1
C7-T1
c7-r1
C7.11
C7-11
c6-c7
C7_11
C8-T1
C8-T1
C8-T1
,e
i ca L [B e l o wt h
T h eM p e c t o r a Lmi sa j o sr p a n fsr o mt h et r u n kt o t h eu p p eLr i m b
a n dm o u t dtsh es u r f a caen a t o moyft h ea n t e r i ourp p etrh o r a c w
i si n o cr a nb ef o u n dw, h i c ht o g e t h ewri t ht h eM s u b c L a v bi ues[ o n gt o
M p e c t o r a Im
s t h em u s c t essp a n n i nf rgo mt h et r u n kt o t h es h o u t d egri r d L e
o t h eh u m e r u s
0 n t yt h eM s u b s c a p u L iasrLi so c a t ei ndd i r e cct o n t a ct ot t h es h o u L djeori n ts, p a n n i nf rgo mt h ea n t e r i osru r f a coeft h es c a p u [t a
to thetopI
M.pectoratis
tikea bagwithitsopening
majorIltsfibresconverge
tateratLy
intoa broad,
ftattendonshaped
Nn pectorales
medialis
et[ateralis
brachialis,
Parsinfra-/supractavicularrs)
IPlexus
F :S h o u [ d jeori n t :
of the
maioris
0: Parsclavicutaris:
haLf
l: CristatubercuLi
sternaL
particutarly
when
effective
adduction,
o ft h eC t a v i c u l a
Humerus
thearmis etevated,
Parssternocostatis:
Manubrium
mediaLrotation,
a n dC o r p usst e r n i ,
'l
anteversion
Parsctavicularis:
C a r t i L acgoos t a Loi fst h e . - 7 r i b
S h o u L dgeir d [ e :
Parsabdominatis:
layer
anterior
depressron,
o ft h er e c t u s h e a t h
anteversron
Thorax:
thesternum
andtheupper
etevates
r i b sw h e nt h es h o u L d earrsef i x e d
l s u p p o r itns s p i r a t i o n l
M.pectoralisminor
Nn.pectorales
nediatis
et latera[is
Parsinfra-/supraclavicu[aris]
brachialis,
IPlexus
5
(
2
r
i
b
t
o
l : T i po ft h eP r o cc o r a c o i d e u s
0: | 3
close the
j u n c t i obne t w e ecna r t i t a gaen d
bone
F :S h o u L dqei r d L e :
depression
Thorax:
a n dt h eu p p e r
e l e v a t et hses t e r n u m
r i b sl s u p p o r itns s p i r a t i o n l
cottapse
of its Lumen.]
thuspreventing
of theV.subclavia,
M.subctavius
is attached
to theAdventitia
{Thefasciaof theM subclavius
N.subcLavius
brachialis,
Pars
supractavicularis]
IPlexus
g ri r d t e :
F :S h o u t d e
l : L a t e r at hI i r do ft h eC [ a v i c u l a
0 : J u n c t i obne t w e ecna r t i l a g e
depression
{withtoweffectiveness),
a n db o n eo ft h e1 r i b
traction
Lateratly-directed
antagonizes
o nt h ec L a v i c l e
HeadlNecklTrunk
T 26-T 28
M.subscaputaris
muscuLi
subscaputaris
[TheBursasubtendinea
liesbetow
themuscte
ctoseto its insertion.)
Nn subscapuLares
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavicularis]
IPlexus
0 : F o s ssau b s c a p u L a r i s
j ori n t :
l : T u b e r c u l ummi n u sa n da d j a c e n t F :S h o u l d e
p a r to ft h eC r i s t tau b e r c u t i
mediaLrotation,
mtn0ns
a b d u c t i oi nnt h es c a p u t aprt a n e
I c r a n i apIo r t i o n l ,
a d d u c t i oi nnt h es c a p u l aprl a n e
l^^,,l^l
llouuor
^^-+;^^l
PUr rrurU
T h eM d e [ t o i d epulsa y sa m a j o r o L ien d e t e r m i n i tnhges u r f a cceo n t o uorft h es h o u t d eDr .i v i d ebdyt h eB u r s as u b d e t t o i dtehaet, e n d o o
nft h e
M s u p r a s p i n a itsutso c a t eddi r e c t L
b ye L otwh eM d e l t o i d e u s
M.dettoideus
N. axillaris[Plexus
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavicutaris]
0: Parsclavicularis:
acromiaI
thirdof theClavicuLa
Parsacromiatis:
Acromion
Parsspinalis:
Lower
marginof
t h eS o i n a
scaouLae
l: Tuberositas
deLtoidea
F :S h o u L dieori n t :
Parsclavicutaris:
adduction
[from
a b o u6t 0 oi n c r e a s i a
nb
gductionJ,
mediaLrotation,
anteversion
Parsacromiatis:
abduction
upto the
hnriznntel nleno
Parsspinalis:
adduction
lfromabout
6 0 oi n c r e a s i a
nb
gduction),
LateraI
rotation,
retroversr0n
Atl parts:carrytheweightof thearm
M.supraspinatus
N suprascapuLaris
brachiaLis,
ParssupracLavicularis]
IPlexus
0 : F o s ssau p r a s p i n a t a ,
F a s c isau p r a s p i n a t a
l: ProximaI
facetof the
Tubercutum
majus
F :S h o u [ d jeori n t :
a b d u c t i oi nnt h es c a p u LpaLr a nuep
t o t h eh o r i z o n tpaLI a n e ,
[ateraI
rotation
TheM infraspinatus
rslocated
mostcraniaity
More
caudatty
aretheM teres
minor
andtheM teres
major.
TheM Latissimus
dorsi
comes
fromtheback
musctesl
andrunsatong
lseeTab18,trunk-arm
withtheM teres
ma1or.
M.infraspinatus
N. suprascapularis
Pars su practavicu[aris]
[Plexusbrachialis,
0 : C a u d amI a r g i o
n ft h eS p r n a
s c a pLua e ,
tr r ^ ^ - ^ ; ^ { - ^ ^ ^ : ^ ^ + ^
vJ>d
[ilrd>Pilrdtd,
t r - - ^ i ^ ;i ^l ifl .r o^ 5- p^ [;t ^d ^L d+ ^
I oJLro
l : M i d d Lf a
e c eot ft h e
T u b e r c u Lm
um
ajus
F :S h o u L dj o
e irn t :
craniaIportion:
LateraI
rotalon,
a b d u c t i oi nnt h es c a p u LpaLr a n e
c a u d apIo r t i o nl a: t e r arLo t a t i o n ,
a d d u c t i oi nnt h es c a p u [ ap r[ a n e
U p p e rt i m b I L o w erti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
M.teresminor
N. axillaris
brachialis,
Parsinfractavicu[aris]
[Plexus
0 : C a u d apLo r t i oonft h eF o s s a
infraspi
nata,
m e d i at lh i r do ft h eM a r g o
latera
Iis
posterior
facetof the
l: DistaL
ajus
T u b e r c u Lm
um
F :S h o u [ d e
i ori n t :
LateraI
rotation,
a d d u c t i oi nnt h es c a p u l aprt a n e
Latissimi
dorsi.l
musculi
bytheBursasubtendinea
dorsiareseparated
M.teresmajor{Attheinsertion,
theM.teresmajorandtheM.Latissimus
Nn.subscapulares
orN. thoracodorsalis
brachialis.
Parsinfraclavicularis]
IPlexus
F :S h o u t d e
i ori n t :
Linoris
0: Margo
Lateralis,
l : C r i s t tau b e r c um
A n g u t ui sn f e r i o r
m e d i a Lt o
t yt h eM l a t i s s i m udso r s i m e d i a L r o t a t i o n ,
a d d u c t i oi nnt h es c a p u l aprL a n e
e ft h e
o t h eC a p ubt r e v o
T h eM b i c e pbsr a c hdi ie t e r m i n tehses u r f a caen a t o moyft h ev e n t r aal r m T h eM c o r a c o b r a c h i asdL i rse c t tayt t a c h et d
M .b i c e pbsr a c h iTi .h eM b r a c h i a Li si [so c a t em
d osd
t eep[y
at its insertion
is located
TheBursabicipitoradiaLis
theshoutderjoint.
M.bicepsbrachiilThetendonof theCaputLongum
traverses
directty
radii.)
at theTuberositas
N musculocutaneus
brachia[is,
Parsinfraclavicularis]
[P|exus
F :S h o u t d e r j o i n t :
l : T u b e r o s i traasd i i ,
0: Caputlongum:
Tubercutum
crrnranlonnidalp
C a p ulto n g u ma:b d u c t i o n ,
v i at h eA p o n e u r o m
siu
s scuti
I ehrr rm nlonnidrlo
anteversion,
b i c i p i tb
i sr a c hai it t h e
m e d i arIo t a t i o n
Tipof the
F a s c iaan t e b r a c h i i
Caputbreve:
Caputbreve:adduction,
P r o cc. o r a c o i d el u
a st e r at L
o
rsion,
anteve
t h eM c o r a c o b r a c h i a l i s
mediaIrotation
Bothparts:carrytheweightofthearm
Elbow
ioint:
fl e x i o n ,
s u pnr a I r 0 n
M.coracobrachialis
thismuscleis penetrated
bytheN. musculocutaneus.l
INormatty
N.musculocutaneus
brachiatis,
Parsinfractavi
cularis]
[Ptexus
l : F a c i easn t e r i oorft h eH u m e r u s
0: Tipof theProc.coracoideus
m e d i o d i s t atLhteo
m e d i at L
ot h eC a p ubt r e v o
e ft h e
L il n o r i s
C r i s t tau b e r c um
M b i c e pbsr a c h i i
F :S h o u L dieori n t :
m e d i arIo t a t i o n ,
adduction,
anteversion
M. brachiatis
musculocutaneus
s brachialis,Pars infraclavi
cuIaris)
[Plexu
0 : F a c i easn t e r i oorft h e
H u m e r udsi s t a Ltthoe
Tuberositas
deLtoidea
l : T u b e r o s i tua[sn a e
oint:
F : E L b oj w
f Lexion
HeadlNecklTrunk
T h et h r e eh e a d os ft h eM t r i c e pbs r a c hdi ie t e r m i nt hees u r f a caen a t o moyft h ed o r s aaI r m T h eM a n c o n e uc sa nb ec o n s i d e raesda
c o n t i n u a t ioofnt h eC a p um
t e d i a loeft h eM ,t r l c e pbs r a c hti oi t h ef o r e a r m
M' tricepsbrachiilThefibresof theCaputlongumtraverse
in tongitudinaI
direction,
andthoseof theCapuimediaLe
andCaputlaterate
in an
o b l i q udei r e c t i o nc; ao m m obnr o a d
a p o n e u r o si si fso u n d
a t t h ei n s e r t i o n . l
N. radiaLis
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavicularis]
[Plexus
0: Caputlongum:
Tuberculum
l: 0Lecranon
infrag
[enoida[e,
lowermarginoftheLabrum
g t e n o i [dea
Caputmediate:
posterror
Facies
o ft h eH u m e r um
s e d i o d i st o
atIh e
S u t c unse r vri a d i a L i s ,
Septum
intermuscula
bre
achii
me0ta[e
Caputlaterate:
Facies
posterior
of
theHumerus
lateroproximaI
to
theSuLcus
nerviradiatis,
proximaItw
t hoi r d so ft h eS e p t u m
i n t e r m u s c u Lbarraec hLi ia t e r a [ e
F :S h o u t d jeori n t :
Caputlongum:
adduction,
support
of theweightofthearm
oint:
E L b oj w
extension
(lt is ctosety
M.anconeus
positioned
to theCaputmedia[e
of theM.tricepsbrachi
N. radiatis
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavicularis]
[Plexus
0: Epicondylus
Lateralis
ofthe
NUMCTUS,
joint,
capsule
oftheetbow
Lig.coLtatera[e
radiaLe
posterior
l: Facies
of theUtnajust
distaIto the0lecranon
F: Elbowioint:
exlensr0n
U pperti m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anI e rves
fromradial
toutnar:
Thegroup
ofthesuperficialventraL
musctes
intheorder
musctes
oftheforearm
consists
ofthefottowing
M p r o n a t o r t e r ef sL,eMx o r c ar ar pdii a t i s p
rLpni a r i s
a I m a r i s [ o n g ful se,xM
,M
o r d i g i t o r u m s u p e r f i c ifat et ixsoarncdauM
M.pronator
teres
(Plexusbrachialis,
N medianus
Parsinfraclavicularisl
0 : C a p uht u m e r a l e
E;p i c o n d y I u s l : M i d d Lt he i r do ft h eF a c i e s
medialo
i sft h eH u m e r u s ,
L a t e r ao
l i fst h eR a d i u s
Septum
i n t e r m u s c u Lbarraec h i i
mediale
C a p uut l n a r eF: a c i em
s e d i a Loi fs
t h eU L ndai s t atLo t h eP r o c
coronotdeus
joint:
F :E [ b o w
pronation,
Caputhumerate:
fl e x i o n
Capututnare:pronation
M.flexorcarpiradialis
N medianus
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavicularis]
IPlexus
0 : E p i c o n d ym
t uesd i a l o
i sft h e
humeruS,
F a s c iaan t e b r a c h i i
l : P a l m asru r f a coeft h eb a s e
^f iho nc motaearni ll
( f r e q u e nat t[ys ol l l )
oint:
F : E L b ojw
fL e x i o n ,
pronation
W r i sito i n t :
p a t m afrt e x i o n ,
radiaIabduction
M.patmaris
longuslinconstant
muscLel
N medianus
brachiatis,
Parsinfractavicu[aris]
IP[exus
0: Epicondym
t ues d i a Loi fsl h e
n um e r u s ,
F a s c iaan t e b r a c h i i
l:Aponeurop
s iasL m a r i s
joint:
F :E l b o w
fl e x i o n
W r i sjto i n t :
p a L m af lre x i o n ,
t e n s i oonft h ep a L m aarp o n e u r o s i s
ofundusjustbefore
M . f t e r o r d i g i t o r u m s u p e r f i c i a t i s [ T h e t e n d o n s o f t h i s m u s c L e a r e p e r f o r a t e d b yf ttehxeot er dnidgoi tnosroufm
t hper M
t h e i ri n s e r t i ol n
N,medianus
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavicularis]
IP|exus
F :E l b o w
0: Caputhumeroulnare:
l : W i t hf o u r[ o n gt e n d o nast t h e
ioint:
f Lexion
n xe d i a
o ft h e
E p i c o n d ym
l ues d i a Loi fst h e
b a s eo ft h eP h a L a m
W r i sjto i n t :
numerus,
2-5 finger
p a I m afrt e x i o n ,
P r o cc. o r o n o i d e u s
u t n aa
r bduction
Caputradiate:
Facies
anterior
M e t a c a r p o p h a l a ni ogienat sIIIl - V :l
o ft h eR a d i udsi s t atLot h e
fL e x i o n ,
M pronator
teres
a d du c t i o n
P r o x i m fai L
n g eiro i n t sl l l - V l
fl e x i o n
M.ftexorcarpiulnaris
N. ulnaris
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavtcularis]
IPlexus
0: Caputhumerate:
Epicondylus
m e d i a Loi sft h eH u m e r u s ;
Septum
i n t e r m u s c u Lbarraec h i i
mediaLe
Caputulnare:0Lecranon,
u p p etrw ot h i r d so ft h eM a r g o
nnciorinr
nf tho
I ll n:
F a s c iaan t e b r a c h i i
l : V i at h e0 s p i s i f o r maen dt h e
L i g gp i s o m e t a c a r paanLde
pisohamatu
am
t t h eb a s eo ft h e
0 s m e t a c a rVpai n dt h eO s
hamatum
joint:
F :E l b o w
f lexion
W r i sito i n t :
p a L m af lre x i o n ,
u L n aarb d u c t i o n
HeadlNecklTrunk
TheM flexor
profundus
digitorum
is[ocated
pol.[icis
mediatly
withtheM flexor
quadratus
[ongus
being
tocated
Lateratty
TheM pronator
covers
quarter
thedistat
ofthebones
oftheforearm,
profundus
M.ftexordigitorum
N.ulnarisfortheuLnarportion,N.interosseusantebrachiianterioroftheN
medianusfortheradialportion[Plexusbrachialis,ParsinfraclavicularisJ
0: ProximaI
twothirdsof the
F a c i easn t e r i oorft h eU l n a ,
Membrana
interossea
l : B a s eo ft h eP h a L a d
n ixs t a t iosf
t h e2 . - 5 f i n g e r
F :W r i sito i n t :
p a t m afrL e x i o n
M e t a c a r p o p h a l a ni ogienat sIIll - V ] :
fL e x i o n ,
Iadu
dctionJ
F i n g ej o
r i n t si l l - V i :
ftexion
M.ftexorpotticis
[ongus
N. lnterosseus
a ntebrachiianteriorof theN. medianusIPlexusbrachialis,Parsinfraclavicutarisl
0 : F a c i easn t e r i oorft h eR a d i u s
distaL
to theTuberositas
radii
l : B a s eo ft h eP h a [ a ndxi s t a Loi sf
t h et h u m b
F:Wristjoint:
palmarftexion
C a r p o m e t a c ajropianLto ft h et h u m b :
adduction,
opposition
T h u m bi o i n t s :
flexion
quadratus
M.pronator
N interosseusantebrachii
anteriorIN. medianus,Plexusbrachialis,Parsinlraclavicutaris]
0: DistatquarteroftheMargo
a n t e r i oorf t h eU l n a
l: Marga
o n dF a c i easn t e r i oorft h e
Radius
F : R a d i o u t ni a
o ri n t s :
pronation
U p p e rt i m b I L o w erti mb I C ra n i anI e rve s
T h e g r o u p o f t h e r am
d iuasI c [ e s o f t h e f o r e a r m c o n s i s t s o f t h e f o L l o w i n g m u s c [ e s i n t h e o r d e r f r oMmbl ar at ecrhai Iot roamd ei adtiias[,:
M extenso
ca
r r pri a d i a I iLso n g uasn dM .e x t e n s oc ra r pri a d i a Lbi sr e v r s
M.brachioradialis
N radialis
brachialis,
ParsinfractavicuLarisl
lPtexus
i
0, Margo
l a t e r a toi sft h e
r'tumerus,
i n t e r m u s c u Lbarraec h i i
Septum
IateraIe
l : P r o cs. t y l o i d e ou fst h eR a d i u s
joint:
F :E t b o w
strongwhen
ftexion
Iparticularty
i s i n s e m i p r o n a tpeods i t i o n ) ,
forearm
p r o n a t i oonr s u p i n a t i o[ fnr o mt h e
position
to an
extreme
corresponding
i n t e r m e d i aotnee l
l : D o r s asIu r f a coeft h eb a s eo f
t h e0 s m e t a c a rlpl i
F :E L b oiw
oint:
f Lexion,
p r o n a t i oonr s u p i n a t i ol fnr o mt h e
p o s i t i ot n
oa n
extreme
corresponding
i n t e r m e d i aotnee l
W r i s ito i n t :
lexion,
d o r s af L
radiaIabduction
l : D o r s asIu r f a coeft h eb a s eo f
t h e0 s m e t a c a rlpl li
oint:
F :E L b ojw
fl e x i o n ,
p r o n a t i oonr s u p i n a t i o( fnr o mt h e
oa n
c o r r e s p o n dei nxgt r e mpeo s i t i ot n
i n t e r m e d i aotnee l
W r i sjto i n t :
lexion,
d o r s af L
r a d i aaI b d u c t i o n
M.extensor
carpiradialis
longus
N radialisIPlexusbrachia[is.
Parsinfraclavicularis]
'i
0 , D i s t ael n do ft h eM a r g o
L a t e r ao
l i fst h eH u m e r u s ,
E p i c o n d yL
t uast e r a o
l i fst h e
HUmerus,
i n t e r m u s c u Lbarraec h i i
Septum
IateraIe
carpiradiatis
brevis
M.extensor
N radialisIPtexusbrachialis.
Parsinfrac[avicularis]
t
lateralls
ofthe
EPicondYtus
9'
numerus,
LiganuLare
radii
HeadlNecklTrunk
T h eg r o u po ft h es u p e r f i c idaol r s am
L u s c [ eosft h ef o r e a r m
consiso
t sft h ef o L t o w im
n qu s c L ei nst h eo r d efrr o mr a d i atLo u L n a M
r: extensor
digitorum
M, e x t e n s o
d ri g i tm
i i n i mai n dM e x t e n s o
r r pui t n a r i s
ca
M.extensordigitorum
R profundus
of theN radialis
brachiaLis,
ParsinfraclavicuLaris]
[Plexus
0 : E p i c o n d y ltautse r a Loi fst h e
FUMCTUS,
l: So-caLted
dorsaIaponeuroses
o ft h e2 - 5 f i n g e r
L i g gc o t l a t e r ar L
ae
d i a Laen d
a n u l a rrea d i i ,
F a s c iaan t e b r a c h i i
M.extensor
digitiminimi
R profundus
of theN radialis
brachiatis,
Parsinfraclavicutaris]
[Ptexus
0: Epicondytus
Lateratis
of the
l : S o - c a L tdeodr s aaI p o n e u r o o
s if s
FUMCTUS,
t h e5 f i n g e r
L i g gc o t l a t e r ar taed i a Laen d
a n u l a rrea d i i ,
F a s c iaan t e b r a c h i i
joint:
F :E l b o w
extensron
W r i s ito i n t :
dorsaIflexion
M e t a c a r p o p h a l a nUg- e
Va L
f i n g eiro i n t sl l l - V l :
extensron
F :E l b o w
ioint:
extensron
Wristjoint:
dorsaIflexion,
u t n aa
r bduction
MetacarpoohatangeaL
[VJ/
f i n g ejro i n t sl V ) :
extensron
M' extensor
carpiulnaris{ThismuscLe
is frequently
separated
fromtheM extensor
digitorum
andt h eM e x t e n s od ri g i tm
i i n i mbi ya
d i s t i n cSt e p t u m
intermusculare.l
(Plexus
R profundus
of theN radialis
brachiatis,
Parsinfraclavicularisl
0: Caputhumerale:
Epicondytus l: Dorsalsurface
ofthebaseof
L a t e r ao
t ifst h eH u m e r u s ,
t h e0 s m e t a c a rVp i
Lig coLlaterate
radia[e
Caputulnare:proximaLtwo
thirds
o ft h eF a c i epso s t e r i o rft h e
U[ n a ,
F a s c iaan t e b r a c h i i
F :E L b o w j o i n t :
extensron
W r i sjto i n t :
dorsaIflexion,
ulnaa
r bduction
U ppert i m b I L o w erti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
y i s t a l l yt h, e M e x t e n s opr o l L i c iLso n g u st h, e M e x t e n s oirn d i c i s ,
T h eM s u p i n a t oer n w r a p st h e u p p e rt h i r do f t h e r a d i u sl a t e r a L tD
o edial.
t h e M a b d u c t opr o t I i c i Ls o n g uasn dt h e M e x t e n s opr o t L i c ibsr e v i sf o l o w f r o m I a t e r a L tm
p yr ot hf uenRd u stohfe N r a d i a t i s i n a L o n g i t uddi irneactt i oAns m a [tl e n d i n o u s a r c h f r a m e s t h e o p e n i n g
M.supinator[Thismuscteisperforatedb
o f t h es u p i n a t ocra n a)[
Parsrnfraclaviculartsl
R.profundus
of theN, radia[is[Plexusbrachialis,
l uast e r a o
l i fst h e
0 : E p i c o n d yL
flumerus,
Crista
m u s c usLui p i n a t o roifsi h e
UL n a ,
L i g gc. o l l a t e r artaed i a Laen d
a n u t a rrea d i i
l : F a c i easn t e r i oorft h eR a d i u s
h eT u b e r o s i traasd iai n d
b e t w e et n
t h ei n s e r t i oonft h eM P r o n a t o r
teres
M.extensorpotlicis[ongus
Parsinfraclavicularis)
R profundus
of theN radialis
brachialis,
IPIexus
l : P h a t a ndxi s t a I iosft h et h u m b
0 : D i s t aqI u a r t eorft h eF a c r e s
nnctorinr
nf iho
I llne
Ir^-L--^^;^+^-^--^^
t v t u i l t u t d i l d i l t L E tu S J U d
M.extensorindicis
(Plexus
Parsinfraclaviculartsl
R profundus
of theN. radiatis
brachialis,
s ifs
l : S o - c a l l eddo r s aaLp o n e u r o o
0 : D i s t aql u a r t eorft h eF a c t e s
nnctorinr nf tho I llna
t h ei n d e fxi n g e r
M e m b r a ni nat e r o s s e a
M.abductorpolticislongus
(Plexus
Parsinfraclaviculartsl
R profundus
of theN radialis
brachialis,
l : B a s eo ft h e0 s m e t a c a rIp i
0 : F a c i epso s t e r i o rft h eU [ n a ,
M e m b r a ni nat e r o s s e a ,
F a c i epso s t e r i o rf t h eR a d i u s
F :R a d i o u l niaori n t s :
supination
F :W r i sjto i n t :
texion,
d o r s af L
r a d i aaLb d u c t i o n
C a r o o m e t a c a irooianIot ft h et h u m b :
adduction,
rep0srlr0n
og
i netoafL
the
M e t a c a r p o p h a L aj n
t h u m ba n dt h u m bi o i n t :
extenston
F :W r i sjto i n t :
d o r s af Il e x i o n ,
r a d i aaLb d u c t i o n
Metacarpophatan
i ogi e
na
It l Il ] :
extensron,
a d du c t i o n
F i n g e r j o i ni tl lsJ :
extenston
F : R a d i o u t ni a
o ri n t s :
s up i n a t i o n
W r i sjto i n t :
dorsalftexion,
r a d i aat b d u c t i o n
n Ito fi h et h u m b :
C a r p o m e t a c ajropi a
extension,
rep0srlr0n
M.extensorpollicisbrevis
brachiaLis,
Parsinfraclavicularis)
R profundus
of theN radiaLis
[Plexus
0 : F a c i epso s t e r i o rft h eR a d i u s , l : B a s eo ft h eP h a [ a npxr o x i m a [ i s F :W r i sjto i n t :
p a t m afrl e x i o n ,
o ft h et h u m b
M e m b r a ni nat e r o s s e a
radiaIabduction
C a r p o m e t a c ajropianIto ft h et h u m b :
a b d u c t i orne,p o s i t i o n
Metacarpophatan
a
i ogi e
no
t fLt h e
thumb:
extension
HeadlNecklTrunk
From
superficiaIto
deep
theM abductor
polticis
potticis
brevis,
theM fLexor
polticis
brevis,
theM opponens
andtheM.adductor
poIticis
form
t h et h e n aerm i n e n c e .
potticis
M.abductor
brevis
N. medianus
ParsinfracLavicularis]
IPlexusbrachialis,
0 : R e t i n a c u t ummu s c u L o r u m
flexorum,
T u b e r c u [ uom
ssiscaphoidei
l : R a d i aste s a m obi do n eo ft h e
j ogi e
na
to Ift h e
metacarpophatan
thumb,
r a d i am
I argio
n ft h eb a s eo ft h e
PhaLap
n rxo x i m a toi fst h et h u m o ,
i n s e r tisn t ot h ed o r s a l
aponeuroo
s ifst h et h u m b
nL
to ft h e
F :C a r p o m e t a c ajropi a
thumb:
abduction,
opposition
j ogi n
Metacarpophalan
e ta
o Ift h e
thumb:
f[exion
M.flexorpotticisbrevis
Caputsuperficiale:
N rnedlanus;
Caputprofundu
m:R profundus
of theN. ulnaris
brachialis,
Parsinfrac[avicularis]
[Plexus
0: Caputsuperficiate:
nL
to ft h e
l r R a d i aste s a m obi do n eo ft h e
F :C a r p o m e t a c ajropi a
R e t i n a c u l ummu s c u l o r u m
j ogi e
na
to If t h e
metacarpopha[an
thumb:
flexorum
thumb,
opposition,
Caputprofundum:
Ossacapitar a d i am
I argio
n ft h eb a s eo ft h e
adduction
t u m ,t r a p e z i u m
t r a, p e z o i d e u m , P h a t a npxr o x i m a o
L fi tsh et n u m o , M e t a c a r p o p h a L ainogi neotafIt h e
b a s eo ft h e0 s m e t a c a rIo i
i n s e r tisn t ot h ed o r s a I
thumb:
aponeuroo
s ifst h et h u m b
f lexion
potticis
M.opponens
parsinfraclavicularisJ
N medianus
andN ulnaris(Plexus
brachiatis,
0 : R e t i n a c u l ummu s c u t o r u m
fLexoru
m,
T u b e r c u l uom
s s i st r a p e z i i
l : E n t i r rea d i am
Largio
n ft h e0 s
m e t a c a rIp i
F :C a r p o m e t a c airopianLot ft h e
thumb:
opposrtron,
a d du c t i o n
M.adductorpotticis
R profundus
of theN.ulnarislPlexus
brachiatis,
ParsinfracLavrcularis)
0 : C a p uot b l i q u u m0 :s c a p i t a t u m , l : U L n asre s a m obi do n eo ft h e
b a s eo ft h e0 s m e t a c a rlpl ,i
j ogi e
na
tL
metacarpophatan
o
ft h e
L i g c a r pri a d i a t u m
thumb,
Caputtransversum:
paLmar
u [ n am
r argio
n ft h eb a s eo ft h e
s u r f a coeft h e0 s m e t a c a rlpl li
P h a L ap
n rxo x i m a toi fst h et h u m o ,
i n s e r tisn t ot h ed o r s a l
aponeuroo
s iftsh et h u m b
F :C a r p o m e t a c airopianIot ft h e
thumb:
a d du c t i o n ,
opposition
M e t a c a r p o p h a t a jnogi ne to
a fLt h e
thumb:
f[exion
U ppert i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i ant e rve s
l enxsoorfdt h
i gei M
torum
t e s a r e t i g h t l y c o n n e c t e d t o t h e t e n df o
T h e m u s c l e st ho ef p a L m c o m p n s e a n e r e r o g e n e o u s g r o u[ upm
. Tbhr ei cMam
h eO s s am e t a c a r p i
p r o f u n d uTsh eM m i n t e r o s speai t m a r easn dt h eM m .i n t e r o s sdeoi r s a l ef isLt[h es p a c ebse t w e et n
Mm.tumbricates
l-lV
N medianusil,lll:
N ulnaris[lll,
lV]lPlexusbrachialis,Parsinfrac[avicularis]
l : I n s e rrta d i a Li tnyt ot h ed o r s a L
0 : R a d i asLi d eo f t h et e n d o nIs
s iftsh ef i n g e rlsl - V
l st h ef a c i n sgi d e s a p o n e u r o o
a n dl l ,a sw e t a
o ft h et e n d o nl sl - l Vo ft h e
M f l e x odr i o i t o r uomr o f u n d u s
og
i net asI ltl - V :l
F : M e t a c a r p o p h a L aj n
ftexion,
r a d i aaLb d u c t i o n
F i n g ej o
r i n t si l l - V l :
extension
patmares
Mm.interossei
l-lll
N ulnarislPlexusbrachialis,Parsinfraclavicularisl
0 : U L n asri d eo ft h e0 s
m e t a c a rlpl ,i
r a d i ast i d eo ft h e0 s s a
m e t a c a rlpVia n dV
headed]
Mm.interosseidorsatesl-lV [doubte
N ulnaris
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavicu[aris|
lPlexus
0 : F a c i nsgi d e so ft h eO s s a
metacarpi
l-V
l : R a d i a ti n
e t ot h ed o r s a L
aponeuroo
s ifst h ef i n g e rlsl
a n dV
og
i net as I
F :M e t a c a r p o p h a L aj n
, ]:
[ i l ,r VV
f[ e x i o n ,
to theaxisof
adduction
[withrespect
t h em i d d tfei n g e r l
F i n g erro i n tisl 1l,V ,V l :
extensron
l : R a d i a ti n
e t ot h ed o r s a I
aponeuroo
s ifst h efi n g e r lsl - l V
F :M e t a c a r p o p h a t a n
i ogi e
na
t sIIl l - l V ] :
f lexion,
to theaxisof
abduction
[withrespect
inger)
t h em i d d Lf e
F i n g ej o
r i n t s{ l l - l V l :
extenst0n
HeadlNecklTrunk
F r o m[ a t e r a t tm
o e d i atLh,eh y p o t h e neam
r i n e n cceo n s i s o
t sf t h eM a b d u c t odri g i tm
i i n i m ti ,h eM f l e x odr i g i tm
i i n i mbi r e v iasn dt h eM o p p o n e n sd i g i tm
i i n i mT
i h eM p a t m a r b
i sr e v iasl s ob e L o n tgost h i sg r o u pa sa s k i nm u s c [ e .
M.patmaris
brevislconsists
of severaI
separated
bundl.es]
R superficialis
of theN. ulnaris
brachialis,
ParsinfractavicuLaris]
[PIexus
0 : M e d i aml a r g i o
n ft h e
Aponeurop
s ias[ m a r i s ,
rarely0s trapezium
l : S k i no ft h eH y p o t h e n a r
emtnence
F :T e n s et sh es k i na t t h eh y p o t h e n a r
emrnence
M.abductordigitiminimi
(P[exus
R profundus
of theN ulnaris
brachialis,
Parsinfraclavicularis]
0: 0spisiforme,
Ligpisohamatum,
R e t i n a c u [ ummu s c u t o r u m
flexoru
m
l : U I n am
r argio
n ft h eP h a l a n x
F :C a r p o m e t a c airopianI[t V ] :
p r o x i mI ias ,
0pp0srilon
d o r s aaLp o n e u r o o
s if st h e5 .f i n g e r M e t a c a r o o o h a L aj o
n ignet[aVIl :
ab du c t i o n ,
flexion
F i n g ej o
r i n t s[ V ] :
extension
M.ftexordigitiminimibrevis(inconstant
muscte)
R profundus
of theN ulnaris
brachialis,
Parsinlraclavicularisl
[Plexus
um
0 : R e t i n a c u Lm
usculorum
flexo
rum,
H a m u l uoss s i sh a m a t i
proxlmalis F rC a r p o m e t a c ajrooi a
n It{ V l :
F: Baseof thePhalanx
o ft h e5 f i n g e r ,
opposition
d o r s aaLp o n e u r o o
s iftsh e5 .f i n g e r M e t a c a r p o p h a L aj o
n ignet[aVIi :
f[exion,
ab du c t i o n
F i n g ei ro i n t s[ V ] .
extension
M.opponens
digitiminimi
R.profundus
of theN. ulnaris
brachiaLis,
ParsinfracLavicularis)
IPlexus
um
0 : R e t i n a c u Lm
uscutorum
l : U L n asru r f a coeft h e0 s
fIexorum,
metacarpi
V
H a m u l uoss s i sh a m a t i
F :C a r o o m e t a c airopianI{t V r :
opposition
U p p e rt i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anl .e rve s
a Jointsof the petvicgirdle,Juncturaecingutipetvici
Nameof thejoint
joint,
5acroiliac
A r t i c u L ast iaoc r o i L i a c a
L i g gs a c r o i L i aacnat e r i o r a
L i g gs a c r o i L i apcoas t e r i o r a
L i g gs a c r o i L i ai nc tae r o s s e a
I in
caerntrrhorelo
I in
crrrncninelo
P u b i sc y m p h y s i s ,
cJ y, ,i -l ^r P
h r,r,y-J; r- r ^ , , h ; ^ PuurLo
Typeof thejoint
R r g ijdo l n t
Amphiarthrosis
Syndesmoses,
f i b r o ujso i n t s ,
A r t i c u l a t i o nfiebsr o s a e
C a r t i | . a g i nj o ui nst ,
s y n c h o n d r owsiitsh
Movements
L i m i t eddi s p l a c e m ea n tdr o t a t t o n
( o n la
y f e wm i L L i m e t r ae sal ;
c o n s e q u e nocfteh ed e f o r m a t ioofnt h e
p e L vdi su r i n g a i to r w e i g h t - b e a r i n g
i n t o r n r r h i ed i c r
I_ i n n r r h -i -r r r mq r r n o r i r r c
J
T_'
I i n n r r h i e r r mi n f o r i r r c
b Jointsof the freepart of the lowertimb,Articulationes
membriinferiorisliberi
N a m eo ft h ej o i n t
Typeof thejoint
Movements
H i pj o i n t ,
A r t i c u L act ioox a e
Qnhornidoal inini
A r t i c u l a tsi o
pheroidea
F L e x i o[ ann t e v e r s i o n l
rsion]
extension
Iretrove
adduction
abduction
m e d i aaLn dl a t e r arIo t a t i o n
Kneejoint,
enus
A r t i c u t a tgi o
P i v o t - h i njgoei n t ,
Trochogingtymus
Flexion
extensron
m e d i aaI n dL a t e r raoLt a t i oIno n t iynf l e x e pd o s i t i o n l
Superior
tibiofibularjoint,
A r t i c u l a ttiiob i oi b
f utaris
joint,
lnferiortibiofibutar
S y n d e s m otsi bi si oi b
f ularis
R i g ijdo i n t
Amphiarthrosis
n dv e r t i c a I
se
L i m i t eddi s p L a c e m ei nnttrsa n s v e r a
d i r e c t i oLni,m i t erdo t a t i o n
S u p p o or tft h em a L [ e o Lbar ar c ew, h i c hd i v e r g e s
oint
d o r s aeI x t e n s i oi nni h ea n k Lj e
s L i g h tdt yu r i n g
Syndesmosis,
f i b r o ujso i n t ,
A r t i c u L aftiibor o s a
H i n gjeo i n t ,
Gingtymus
Anktejoint,
A r t i c u L attai ol o c r u r a l i s
oint
joint,
TalotarsaI
C o m p o u snpdh e r o i d a
en
ad
l c o n o ij d
A r t i c u [ a ttiaoL o t a r s a t i s
a l A r t i c u [ a t iao[ o c a t c a n e o n a v i c u l a r i sS p h e r o i d e a l j o i n t
[ =a n t e r i opra r t ]
b ) A r t i c u L ast iuob t a L a[r=i sp o s t e r i op ra r t ) C o n o ij do i n t
P [ a n t af tre x i o n
lexion
d o r s af L
Transverse
tarsaIjoint,
R i g ijdo i n t s ,
A r t i c u L attai or s ti r a n s v e r s a
Amphiarthroses
s jTo i n t l
ICH0PAR
a l A r t i c u L attai oL o c a l c a n e o n a v i c u L a r i s
b l A r t i c u L act iaoL c a n e o c u b o i d e a
joints
IntertarsaI
R i g ijdo i n t s
Amphiarthroses
a l A r t i c u l a tci o
uneonavicutaris
b l A r t i c u t a t i o ni netse r c u n e i f o r m e s
oneocuboidea
c ) A r t i c u t a tci u
joints,
TarsometatarsaI
R i g i jdo i n t s ,
Articu
[atiotarsometata
rsa[es
Amphiarthroses
o 'i sn t J
I L I S F R A NjC
I o v e m e nat ns d
M i n i m aptl a n t aarn dd o r s am
rolaIt0n
s u p p o rotft h eL o n g i t u d ianracIho ft h ef o o t
joints,
IntermetatarsaI
A r t i c u L a t i oinnet es r m e t a t a r s a t e s
joints,
MetatarsophatangeaI
A r t i c u [ a L i om
n eest a t a r s o p h a t a n g e a e
joints,
InterphatangeaI
A r t i c u L aitni ot e r p h a L a n gpeeadei s
R i g ijdo i n t s ,
Amphlarthroses
r o t a t i oonft h ef o r e f o o t
M i n i m amLo v e m e ndt us r i n g
F u n c t i o n a[ L
im
[ yi t esdp h e r o i d ej oaiIn t s
F L e x i oenx,t e n s i o n
a b d u c t i oand, d u c t i o n
H i n gjeo i n t s ,
Ginglymi
FLexion
e x t e n s i o nft h et o e s
L i f t i no
g ft h em e d i al ls u p i n a t i oann)dL a t e r a I
n ft h ef o o t
I p r o n a t i omna) r g i o
M i n i m amLo v e m e ni tnst h ed e f o r m a t io fnt h ef o o t
during
a d j u s t m etnot h eg r o u n d
I o v e m e nat ns d
M i n i m apLl a n t aarn dd o r s am
oftheforefoot
rotation
HeadlNecklTrunk
c Planesandaxesofthemoyements
ofthejointsof thelowerlimb
Axis
transversalis
longitudinalis
Anteversio
(Flexio)
F i g .8 H i pj o i n t ;
m o v e m e n ti n t h e s a g i t t a lp l a n e .
F i g .9 H i pj o i n t ;
m o v e m e n it n t h e f r o n t a Ip L a n e .
F i g .1 0 H i pj o i n t ;
m o v e m e n it n t h e t r a n s v e r s ep t a n e
Axislongitudinalis
Rotatio externa
F i g .1 1 K n e ej o i n t ;
m o v e m e n it n t h e s a g i t t a Ip t a n e .
* As a consequence
of theasymmetric
curvature
of the
f e m o r acIo n d y l et h
s i sa x i si,n p a r t i c u [ acrh, a n g edsu r i n g
themovement
Iinconstant
axisl
F i g . ' | 2 K n e ej o i n t ;
m o v e m e n it n t h e t r a n s v e r s ep l a n e .
Up p e rli m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i ant e rve s
Axistransversalis
Extensio
Flexio
F i g . 1 3 A n k t ej o i n t :
I tane.
m o v e m e n it n t h e s a g i t t a p
F t e x i o na n d e x t e n s i o nt a k e p l a c ea [ m o s te x c t u s i v e ti yn t n e
a n k t ej o i n t .
Pronatio
Fig. 11 Tatotarsaljoint;
s u p i n a t i o na n d p r o n a t i o nm o v e m e n t so f t h e f o o t .
In extremepLantarf Lexion,pronationis atso referredto as LateraI
a b d u c t i o na, n d s u p i n a t i o na s m e d i a Ia b d u c t i o n .
* Theaxisrunsfromthe innerpartof the neckof theta[usin a posterior
andis
of theTubercatcanei
to the Proc tateratis
andinferiordirection
reasons
in thisfigurefor didactical
steeperas ittustrated
actuatly
ln theankte
Motorfunction
Sensory
function
Ptexus[umbatis
[ T 1 2L) 1 - 1 3[ 1 4 ]
N. iliohypogastricus
IN.itiopubicusl M m r e c t u as b d o m i n o
i sb, t i q u u s
1 1 2 L, 1
e x t e r n uasb d o m i n o
i sb, t i q u u s
R .c u t a n e ul as t e r a L i s
i n t e r n uasb d o m i n ti sr a, n s v e r s u s S k i nc o v e r i nt hg eh i p
R c u t a n e uasn t e r i o r
a b d o m i n ipsy, r a m i d a tci rse, m a s t e r S k t na b o vteh ei t i a cc r e s tt,h eL i g .i n g u i n aaLnedt h e
M o n sp u b i s
N.itioinguinatis
M m r e c t u as b d o m i n iosb, t i q u u s
t T 1 2LJl ( L 2 l
e x t e r n uasb d o m i n o
i sb, L i q u u s
Nn.scrotaLes
anteriores/
i n t e r n uasb d o m i n ti sr a, n s v e r s u s S k i no f t h ei n g u i n ar eLg i o nt h, er o o to ft h ep e n i sa,n dt h e
N n [ a b i a l easn t e r i o r e s
a b d o m i n ipsy, r a m i d a lci sr e, m a s t e r scrotum
andthe[abiamajora,
respectiveLy
N . g e n i t o f e m o r a t1i sLL2
R .g e n i t a t i s
S c r o t acIo a t s( i n c t u d i n
t hged a r t o fsa s c i a J
R femoratis
S k i na t t h eH i a t ussa p h e n u s
N. cutaneus
femoris
S k i no ft h e[ a t e r aaLn da n t e r i osri d e
tateratis12,L3
o ft h et h i g hu pt o t h ek n e e
N.obturatoriusL2-L4
M m p e c t i n e uasd, d u c t obrr e v i s ,
R anterior
a d d u c t ol or n g u sg,r a c i l i s
Capsuo
L fet h eh i pj o i n t
R cutaneus
S k i no ft h em e d i asl i d eo ft h et h i g hs u p e r i ot or t h ek n e e
R posterior
M obturatoriusexternus,
Capsuo
l eft h eh i pj o i n tp, e r i o s t e uom
ft h ep o s t e r i o
s ird e
Rr.muscuLares
M a d d u c t omr a g n u s ,
o ft h ef e m u r
I M a d d u c t obrr e v i s ] ,
M .a d d u c t omr i n i m u s
N.obturatorius
accessorius
M pectineus
Capsuo
l eft h eh i pj o i n t
13,L4
N.femoratis
L2-14
Rr.muscuLares
R r .c u t a n eain t e r i o r e s
M m .i L i o p s o ap se,c t i n e u s ,
s a r t o r i uqsu, a d r i c efpesm o r i s
Capsuo
[ efi h eh i pj o i n t
S k i no ft h ea n t e r i oarn dm e d i asIi d eo ft h et h i g hu pt o t h e
k n e ep, e r i o s t e uom
ft h ea n t e r i osri d eo ft h ef e m u r
S k i no ft h ea n t e r i oarn dm e d i a I s i doeft h ek n e ea n dt h e
m e d i asIi d eo ft h eL e ga sw e t a
l st h ef o o t
N saphenus
R.infrapateItaris
R r .c u t a n ecir u r i sm e d i a t e s
Ptexussacratis
tL4lLs-s3(S4l
N.m.obturatorii
interni
L5-S2
N.m.piriformis
S1,52
N.m.quadrati
femoris
L5-S1
ts2l
N.gtuteus
superior
L4-S1
M .o b t u r a t o r iiunst e r n u s
M piriformis
M q u a d r a t uf esm o r i s
M m g L u t emi e d i uasn dm i n r m u s ,
+^^-^- {--^;^^
LCil>Ut tdJLtdtr
N.gtuteus
inferior
L5-S2
N.cutaneus
femoris
posterior
S1-S3
Nn.ctunium
inferiores
Nn.perineales
N.ischiadicus
L4-53
N,fibutaris
communis
L4-S2
N.cutaneus
surae
latera[is
R communicans
fibuLaris
l^+^^
tdLde
s aximus
M g t u t e um
S k i no ft h ep o s t e r i o
s ird eo ft h et h i g ha n dt h ep r o x i m a L t e g
S k i no ft h eg L u t e raeI g i o n
Perineum,
scrotaI
skinor skinof theLabiamajora,
resp
l s c h i o c r u rmauI s c t eas [, [
muscles
of theLegand
t h ef o o t
M biceps
femoris,
Caputbreve
Capsuo
t eft h ek n e ej o t n t
S k i no ft h ec a [ fu pt o t h eL a t e r m
a Ia L L e o l u s
C o n n e c t ibnrga n c tho t h eN s u r a t i s
U p p e rL i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
Motorfunction
M m fi b u t a r el ps e r o n el o
N.fibutarissuperficiatis
L4-S2
i Jn g uas n d
brevis
Rr.musculares
N .c u t a n e udso r s a Lm
i se d i a t i s
N .c u t a n e udso r s a t i n
stermedius
N n .d i g i t a Ldeosr s a t epse d i s
N.fibutarisprofundus
L4-S2
Rr.muscutares
N n .d i g i t a l edso r s a l epse d i s
N.tibiatisL4-53
Rr.muscutares
N interosseus
cruris
N c u t a n e ussu r a em e d i a t i s
D-
^-l^-^^i
n ft h ef o o tu pt o t h e5 .t o e
S k i no ft h el a t e r amL a r g i o
l^+^--l^-
M m a b d u c t ohra [ u c i a
s n df t e x o r
d i g i t o r ub
mr e v i sf l,e x ohr a t [ u c i s
b r e v ilsm e d i ahte a d JL ,u m b r i c a L e s
p e d i s| i l l )
N n .d i g i t a t epst a n t a r e s
c0mmunes
N n .d i g i t a l eps[ a n t a r e s
pr0prl
I
Nl
t\
^l^^[^-:l^+^-^l;PLdiltdt t> LoLgt duJ
R superficiaLis
N n .d i g i t a [ epsL a n t a r e s
c0mmuneS
N n .d i g i t a t epst a n t a r e s
p r 0 p ln
R profundus
S k i no ft h et e ga n dt h eb a c ko ft h ef o o tu pt o t h e
1 . - 3t o e
a Ia r g i o
n ft h ef o o t
S k i no ft h eL a t e r m
S k i no ft h eb a c ko ft h et o e se x c e pf ot rt h ef . i n t e r d i g i st apLa c e
a n dt h e[ a t e r asIi d eo ft h e5 .t o e
ofthebonesof thetegandthecapsul.e
Periosteum
M m t i b i a t iasn t e r i oer ,x t e n s o r
joint
d i g i t o r uL
mo n g uesx, t e n s oh ra [ L u c i s o ft h ea n k [ e
brevis
Longus,
extensor
digitorum
brevis
andextensor
hallucis
S k i no ft h e1 i n t e r d i g i st apIa c e
L fet h ek n e ej o i n t
M m t r i c e pssu r a ep, l a n t a r ipso, p L i - C a p s u o
t e u st,i b i a t ipso s t e r i of Lr ,e x odri g i t o r u m[ o n g u sf l,e x ohr a l l u c i[so n g u s
ft h eb o n eos ft h el e ga n dt h ec a p s u t e
P e r i o s t e uom
o ft h ea n k l ej o i n t
L a L t e o l umse, r g e s
S k i no ft h ec a l fu pt o t h em e d i am
w i t ht h eN c u t a n e ussu r a eL a i e r a tLoi fso r mt h eN .s u r a [ i s
N suratis
N c u t a n e udso r s a Ll iast e r a L i s
Rr.catcanei
mediaLes
N .p L a n t a rmi se d i a t i s
5ensoryfunction
S k i no ft h e[ a t e r ahIe e l
S k i no ft h em e d i ahLe e l
S k i no ft h em e d i asIo [ e
31/,toes
sideofthemedia[
Skinof thesoLe
Lreas
a n dt h en a i a
i inimi,
M m a b d u c t do irg i tm
^,,^i.^+,,- ^l -^+^^
qudur oLUJ Prorr(os,
M m f L e x odri g i tm
i i n i mbi r e v i s ,
o p p o n e ndsi g i tm
i i n i m i ,n t e r o s s eoi ft h e4 .i n t e r m e t a t a r s a L
space
M m .[ u m b r i c a tpeesd i sl l - l V ,
a d d u c t ohra L t u cI iCs a p ut rt a n s v e r s u miln, t e r o s soefti h e1 - 4 .
intermetatarsaLspace
sideof the[atera[11l,toes
Skinoftheptantar
I reas
a n dt h en a i a
N. pudendus
[S1]S2-S4
S k i no ft h ea n a rLe g i o an n dt h ep e r i n e u m
Nn rectales
inferiores
[anaLes]
53,54
N n .p e r i n e a t e s
ur e t h r au
e r, e t h r amLu c o s ad ,o r s a L
M .s p h i n c t e
posterrores/
Nn scrotales
o r t h eL a b i am a j o r a
s k i no ft h es c r o t u m
N n [ a b i a L pe os s t e r i o r e s
vaginae
Vestibulum
respectively,
andminora,
M m t r a n s v e rpsei r i n esiu p e r Rr.muscutares
f i c i a t iasn dp r o f u n d ubsu, [ b o s p o n g i o saunsdi s c h i o c a v e r n o s u s ,
sphincte
a rn ie x t e r n u s
s ,p u c e
M t r a n s v e r spuesr i n epir o f u n d u s , S k i no ft h ep e n i sg,[ a n s / c L i t oprri e
N .d o r s a Lpi se n i s /
M s p h i n c t eu r e t h r a e
N .d o r s a I ci sL i t o r i d i s
N. coccygeus
54,55 lCo1l
Ptexus
54,S5{Co1J
coccygeus
Nt ^^^-^^^,,^^,,r\. diluLULuygcu)
M.ischiococcygeus
lcoccygeusl,
ani
M.Levator
the
aswetlastheskinbetween
region,
SkinofthecoccygeaL
andtheanus
coccyx
HeadlNecklTrunk
T 4 1 - T4 2
l A c c o r d i tnogM U M E N T H A LaE
nR
dS C H L I A Ct hKe; i n d i c a t o
mru s c l o
e f e a c hs e g m e ni st p r i n t eidn b o t d]
M,itiopsoas:
Ll, L2
M t e n s ofra s c i alea t a e
M g L u t e umse d i u s
s inimus
M g t u t e um
s aximus
M g t u t e um
M .o b t u r a t o r iiunst e r n u s
M .p i r i f o r m i s
M sartorius
M pectineus
M .a d d u c t o[ or n g u s
M.quadriceps
femoris:L3
M graci[is
M adductor
brevis
M obturatorius
externus
M .a d d u c t omr a g n u s
M .s e m i t e n d i n o s u s
M semimembranosus
M b i c e pfse m o r i s
T12-13
L4_15
L4-S1
L4-S1
t4-s2
L5-S1
L5_S1
L2-13
L2-13
L2-13
L2-L/+
L?_L4
L2_L4
L3-14
L3-14
L4-S1
L4_S1
L4-52
M.tibiatisanterior:L4
M e x t e n s oh ra L t u cl iosn g u s
M popliteus
M e x t e n s od ri g i t o r u L
mo n g u s
M.soleus
l ,M.gastrocnemiusi t'
M .f i b u [ a r i[so n g u s
M .f i b u [ a r b
i sr e v i s
M.tibiatisposterior:
Sl
M .f l e x odr i g i t o r u [m
ongus
M flexorhatlucis
Longus
M extensor
hatlucis
brevis
M .e x t e n s o
d ri g i t o r u b
mr e v i s
M flexordigitorum
brevis
M a b d u c t ohra l t u c i s
M flexorhatlucis
brevis
M .a d d u c t ohra [ [ u c i s
L4-15
L4-S1
L4_S1
L4_S1
L4-52
L5-S1
L5-S1
L5-S2
L5-53
L5_53
14.S1
L4-S1
L5-S1
L5_S1
L5-53
S 1- S 2
ThisgroupontycomprisestheM.itiacusandtheM.psoasmajor,whichtogetT
he
mrtehtehM
h refsoer a
e o. int itoy pv se on at rsa L m u s c i e s o
t h eh i pj o i n ta, sa l [o t h e vr e n t r amI u s c t ei snf r o n o
t ft h eh i pj o i n ta L s o v e r s i r e ttchhek n e ej o i n ta n da r et h e r e f o r e f e r r et d
o a sv e n t r amLu s c s
o ft h et h i g h .
M.iliacus
Rr musculares
Iumbalis]
IP[exus
0 : F o s sial i a c a ,
Spina
i t i a c a n t e r i oi nr f e r i o r ,
a n t e r i opro r t i oonft h ec a p s u [oef
t h eh i pj o i n t
l : T r o c h a n tm
e ri n o a
r n da d j a c e n t
a r e ao ft h eL a b i u m
m e d i a [oeft h e
L r n ea s p e r a
F :L u m b avre r t e b r caoI L u m n :
[ a t e r af tLe x i o n ,
e x t e n s i oI hny p e r t o r d o s i s J
H i pi o i n t :
fLexi
on,
m e d i arLo t a t i o Int,a t e r ar oLt a t i oonn L y
w h e nt h eM m g t u t eai r ec o n t r a c t e d
aswetlJ
l : T r o c h a n tm
e ri n o ar n da d l a c e n t
a r e ao ft h eL a b i u m
m e d i a Loef
t h eL i n e a s p e r a
F : L u m b avre r t e b r caoL[ u m n :
LateraI
fLexion,
e x t e n s i o( hny p e r L o r d o s i s )
H i pi o i n t :
f[ e x i o n ,
m e d i arLo t a t i o {nL, a t e rraott a t i oonn t y
w h e nt h eM m g t u t eai r ec o n t r a c t e d
a sw e t [ ]
M.psoasmajor
Rr.muscutares
tumbatisl
IPlexus
0: Superficial
layer:lateraL
s u r f a coeft h eb o d yo ft h e
1 2 t h o r a c i-c4 [ u m b avre r t e b r a ,
D i s ciin t e r v e r t e b r a t e s
Deeplayer:Proccostatrs
of the
1 - 4 , l u m b avr e r t e b r a
s i n o rl i n c o n s t am
M .p s o a m
nu
t s c t eo;f t e nf e a t u r i nagL o ntge n d i n o upst a t ea t i t si n s e r i i o n J
(Plexus
Rr musculares
lumbalisl
0 : L a t e r asIu r f a coef t h eb o d yo f
l : F a s c ioaft h eM .i I i o p s o a s ,
t h e1 2 t h o r a cai cn dt h e1 .t u m o a r A r c u si t i o p e c t i n e u s
vertebra
F : L u m b avre r t e b r caoI l u m n :
LateraI
fLexion,
e x t e n s i oI hny p e r l o r d o s i s )
H i oi o i n t :
f[exion,
m e d i arLo t a t i o lnL, a t e r raoI t a t i oonn t y
w h e nt h eM m g t u t eai r ec o n t r a c t e d
asweL[|
Up p e rt i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
r u s c l eosft h i sg r o u p
T h eM g L u t e umsa x i m upsr e d o m i n a nsthl ya p etsh es u r f a caen a t o moyft h eg L u t e rael g i o an n dn e a r lcyo v e rast lo t h e m
s e d i uasr ev i s i b Lweh, i c hi nt u r nc o v e rtsh eM ,g L u t e umsi n i m u sC a u d a tiLnyt h ed e e p e r
A t t h ev e n t r a l a ncdr a n i a t e d gpea,r t so ft h eM g t u t e um
l a y etrh ef o t l o w i nmgu s c t easr ef o u n dt :h eM p i r i f o r m itsh,eM ,g e m e L I suus p e r i otrh, eM o b t u r a t o r iiunst e r n u tsh, eM g e m e L t iunsf e r i oarn d
t h eM q u a d r a t uf esm o r i sT,h eM o b t u r a t o r iiunst e r n uasn dt h eM m g e m e lst iu p e r i oert i n f e r i oarr ea t s oc a L [ eMd t r i c e pcso x a e
itiotibiatis
majorandtheTractus
J
theTrochanter
between
gtuteimaximiis located
M,gtuteusmaximus
muscuLi
[TheBursatrochanterica
inferior(Plexus
N gluteus
sacralis]
l : C r a n i apIo r t i ovni at h eT r a c t u s F :H i pj o i n t :
0 : F a c i egsI u t e oa ft h eA [ ao s s i s
j u s tb e L otw
he
c r a n i apIo r t i o: ne x t e n s i o n ,
iLium
o t h eL i n e ag I u t e a
i t i o t i b i a LTiisb:i a
d o r s at L
rotation,
LateraI
postenor,
C o n d y LLuast e r a l i s ,
a b du c t i o n ;
F a c i epso s t e r i o rft h e0 s
c a u d apIo r t i o nT:u b e r o s i t a s
c a u d apLo r t i o ne:x t e n s i o n ,
gtutea,
sacrum,
rotation,
lateraL
i n t e r m u s c u l faerm
e oris
Septum
F a s c itah o r a c o L u m b a l i s ,
I i^
^^^-^+,.L^-^l^
adduction
Le
drg
Iatera
Lrv
>dLruruuvr
K n e ei o i n t :
c r a n i apIo r t i ovni aT r a c t uisL i o t i b i a L i s ,
s t a b i L i z a twi ohne nt h ek n e ei s
extended
M.gluteus
medius
(PIexus
N.gluteus
superior
sacralisl
0 : F a c i egsI u t e oa ft h eA l ao s s r s
iLium
b e t w e eLni n e aget u t e a e
a n t e r i oarn dp o s t e r i o r
n ft h e
l : T i pa n dl a t e r amL a r g i o
major
Trochanter
F :H i pj o i n t :
v e n t r apIo r t i o na:b d u c t i o n ,
f Lexion,
m e d i arIo t a t i o n ;
d o r s apLo r t i o na:b d u c t i o n ,
extensron,
rotation
lateraL
n ft h e
a La r g i o
l : T i pa n dL a t e r m
major
Trochanter
F :H i oi o i n t :
v e n t r apLo r t i o:na b d u c t i o n ,
flexion,
mediaIrotation;
d o r s apI o r t i o na:b d u c t i o n ,
extensron,
rotation
LateraI
l : I n n esr u r f a coeft h et i po ft h e
Trochanter
malor
F : H i pi o i n t :
LateraI
rotation,
extensron,
ab du c t i o n
minimus
M.gluteus
N qluteus
supertor
sacralis)
|Ptexus
0 : F a c i egsL u t eoaft h eA L ao s s i s
iLium
b e t w e eLni n e ageL u t e a e
a n t e r i oarn di n f e r i o r
M.piriformis
piriformis
N. ischtadicus
and/orN, musculi
sacralis]
IPlexus
andbetween
the
0: LateraLty
F o r a m i nsaa c r a Lpi ae L v i c a
l 3 - 5 s a c r a ls c o m c n t l n f t h e
F a c i epse l v i coaft h e0 s s a c r u m ,
I n c i s u ri a
s c h i a d im
c aa j ocr l o s et o
t h e0 s s a c r u m
HeadlNecklTrunk
M.obturatorius
internus
N.musculi
obturatorii
interni
andRr musculares
sacralisJ
[Plexus
l: Fossa
trochanterica
F : H i pj o i n t :
lateraIrotation,
extension,
adduction
l: Fossa
trochanterica
F : H i pi o i n t :
[ateraL
rotation,
exlenSt0n,
a d du c t i o n
l: Fossa
trochanterica
F : H i pj o i n t :
LateraI
rotation,
extension,
adduction
l: Cristaintertrochanterica
F : H i oi o i n t :
LateraI
rotation,
adduction
M.gemettus
superior
N. musculiobturatoriiinterniand Rr.musculares
[Plexussacralis]
M.gemetlus
inferior
N.musculi
obturatorii
interni
andRr musculares
sacraLis]
IPlexus
0 : T u b eirs c h i a d i c u m
M,quadratus
femoris
N. musculiquadratifemoris[Plexussacralis)
0 : L a t e r aml a r g i o
n ft h eT u b e r
ischiadicum
Uppert i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
T h eM s a r t o r i usst r e t c h ei nsa s p i r a L - Lfiakseh i oanL o ntgh et h i g hf r o m[ a t e r o p r o x i m amt e
t u s c tbee t Ltyh, eM t e n s o r
a Li t hi t ss h o r m
t od i o d i s tW
f a s c i a[ea t a ei s [ o c a t em
d o s tL a t e r a al Lnydp a s s eisn t ot h eT r a c t uist i o t i b i a tTi sh em a j o pr a r to ft h ev e n t r amI u s c [m
by
e a s so ft h et h i g hi sf o r m e d
t h eM q u a d r i c efpesm o r i s
M.quadriceps
femoris
(Plexus
N femoralis
lumbalisl
0: M.rectusfemoris,
Caputrect u m :S p i n a
i t i a c a n t e r i oi nr f e r i o r
M.rectusfemoris,
Caput
reflexum:
craniaI
marginof the
AcetabuLum
M.vastusmediatis:
inferior
two
t h i r d so ft h eL a b i u m
m e d i a toef
tho
l r P r o x i m a[ a[ ,t e r aaIn dm e d i a I
m a r g i nosft h eP a t e L [ a ,
Tuberosita
i bsi a e
v i at h eL i g
p a t tet a e ,
areaslateraIto theTuberositas
tibiae
v i at h eR e t i n a c upLaat e L t a e
F : H i pr o i n{to n [ M
y r e c t ufse m o r i s ] :
fl e x i o n
K n e ei o i n t :
extension
l : M e d i asLu r f a coeft h e
Tuberosita
i bsi a e
F :H i oi o i n t :
f l e xi on ,
lateraL
rotation,
ab du c t i o n
K n e ei o i n t :
f l e xi on ,
mediaLrotation
t h eC o n d y t u s
l : T i b i ab e t o w
[ateraLis
ititotibiatisl
{viaTractus
F :H i oi o i n t :
fl e x i o n ,
ab du c t i o n ,
mediaLrotation
K n e ej o i n t :
s t a b i t i z a tw
i ohne nt h ek n e ei s
extended
I inoa :cnore
M.vastuslateratis:
distaIcircumf e r e n coeft h eT r o c h a n tm
e ra i o r .
Labium
L a t e r aol eft h eL i n e a
aspera
M.vastusintermedius:
uppertwo
t h i r d so ft h eF a c i easn t e r i oarn d
l a t e r aaIs p e c tosft h eF e m u r
genus;distaL
M.articutaris
a u a r t eor ft h eF a c i easn t e r i oorf
t h eF e m u r
M.sartorius
N femoralis
lumba[is]
IPtexus
0:Spina
i l . i a caan t e r i osru p e r i o r
M.tensorfasciaelatae
N.gtuteus
superior
[umbosacralis]
IPlexus
0:Spina
i [ i a c a n t e r i osru p e r i o r
HeadlNecklTrunk
D u et o t h e i rp r e d o m i n afunnt c t i o n
t h, em u s c [ eI so c a t eadt t h em e d i a L s iodfet h et h i g ha r ec o m m o nrLeyf e r r etdo a sa d d u c t o rIsnt h ev e n t r a I
v i e wt,h i sg r o u pa p p e a rLsi k e
a t r i a n g u Lbatro c kT h eM g r a c i t iIsi e sm o s tm e d i a t [Fyr.o mp r o x i m a I dt oi s t a L f o LtLhoew
M p e c t i n e uMs ,a d d u c t o r
b r e v i sM, a d d u c t oLro n g uasn dt h eM a d d u c t omr a g n u sT h eM o b t u r a t o r ieuxst e r n ui s c o v e r ebdyt h eM p e c t i n e ua sn di sj u x t a p o s teodt h e
n e c ko ft h ef e m u rI r o mi n f e r i o r .
M. pectineus
N.femoratis
andN obturatorius
lumbalis]
lPlexus
0 : P e c t eons s i sp u b i s
l : L i n e ap e c t i n eoaft h eF e m u r
F : H i pi o i n t :
adduction,
lateraL
rotation,
lftexion
I
M. gracilis
obturatorius
lumbalis)
IPlexus
0 : M e d i aeId g eo ft h eR a m u s
i n f e r i oors s i sp u b i sa l o n gt h e
symphysrs
l : P r o x i me
an
I do ft h eT i b i am e d i a L F :H i pL o i n t :
t o t h eT u b e r o s i t ai bsi a e
a d du c t i o n ,
flexion,
lateraL
rotation
K n e ei o i n t :
f [exion,
mediaIrotation
M.adductorbrevis
N.obturatorius
Iumbalis]
IPlexus
0 : R a m u isn f e r i oors s i sp u b r s
l : P r o x i m a I t h oi rfdt h eL a b i u m
c l o s etro t h eF o r a m eonb t u r a t u m m e d i a Loeft h eL i n e a s p e r a
t h a nt h eM a d d u c t o[ or n g u s
F : H i pi o i n t :
a d du c t i o n ,
lateraIrotation,
f lexion
M.adductor
longus
(Plexus
N.obturatorius
Iunbalisl
0 : 0 s p u b i sb e l o w
t h eC r i s t a
p u b i cuapt o t h es y m p h y s i s
l : M i d d tteh i r do ft h eL a b i u m
m e d i a toeft h eL i n e a s p e r a
F :H i pj o i n t :
adduction,
f lexion,
LateraI
rotation,
I m o sat n t e r i opro r t i o nm: e d i a I
rotationl
M,adductor
magnus{Anincomptete
proximaL
partoftheM adductor
is knownas M.adductor
magnus
minimus
Theopening
of theadductor
canaIis located
between
thedistaIinsertions
of bothmuscles
]
N.obturatorius
[umbalis]
andtibialpartof theN. ischiadicus
[Plexus
sacralis]
[Plexus
0 : M e d i amI a r g i o
n ft h eR a m u s
l: Proximaltw
t hoi r d so ft h e
F : H i pj o i n t :
i n f e r i oors s i sp u b i sR, a m uas n d
Labium
m e d i a [oeft h eL i n e a
adduction,
T u b eor s s i si s c h i i
aspera,
[ateraL
rotation
Tuberositas,
l a n t e r i opro r t i o nf L: e x i o n ,
posterior
portione x t e n s i o n J
T u b e r c u Laudmd u c t o r i u m ,
M .a d d u c t omr i n i m u sT:u b e r o s i t a s
gLutea
Up p e rL i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
T l+5-T l+6
M.obturatorius
externus
N obturatorius
Iumbal.is]
IPlexus
0: Circumference
oftheForamen
obturatum,
l a t e r asIu r f a coeft h eM e m b r a n a
obturatona
trochanterica
l: Fossa
F :H i pj o i n t :
rotation,
[ateraL
a d du c t i o n
s l a t e r at lo m e d i a L
ud
st h eM s e m i m e m b r a n ofsr oum
T h ei s c h i o c r u r a L m u sccol ne s i sotft h eM b i c e pfse m o r i st h, eM .s e m i t e n d i n oas n
theCaputbreveonlyspansoveronejoint.l
M.bicepsfemoris(TheCaput[ongum
stretches
overtwojoints,whereas
sacralis]
Caput[ongum:
N. ischiadicus,
tibialpart[PLexus
part[PLexus
N ischiadicus,
fibutar
sacralis]
Caputbreve:
F :H i pi o i n i :
l : C a p uf ti b u [ aIee n s h e a tthhse
Tuber
0: Caputlongum:
extension,
L i g c o t l a t e r af il b
eu L a r e l ,
i s c h i a d i c ut omg e t h ewri t ht h e
adduction,
r a d i a t ei ns t ot h eF a s c icar u r i s
M semitendinosus
rotation]
{tateraI
Caputbreve:middte
thirdofthe
K n e ej o i n t :
Labium
L a t e r aol eft h eL i n e a
fl e x i o n ,
aspera
rotation
[ateraI
M.semitendinosus
tibiatpartIPlexus
N.ischiadicus,
sacralis]
0 : T u b eirs c h i a d i c ut omg e t h e r
w i t ht h eC a p uLt o n g uomft h e
M .b i c e pfse m o r i s
the
l ; M e d i a l s u r f aocfe
i bsi a e
Tuberosita
F :H i pj o i n t :
extension,
{ a d ud c t i o n ) ,
ImediaLrotation)
K n e ei o i n t :
fl e x i o n ,
mediaLrotation
profundus.l
io as Pesanserinus
referred
is aLso
M.semimembranosus
oftheM semimembranosus
[Theinsertion
N. ischiadicus,
tibialpartIPlexus
sacralis]
l r P r o x i m ea nL do ft h eT i b i ab e L o w F :H i oj o i n t :
0 : T u b eirs c h i a d i c u m
extension,
t h eC o n d y t umse d i a t i s ,
posterio
ca
r p s u Loeft h ek n e e
{adduction),
joint,
ImediaLrotation]
K n e ei o i n t :
L i g p o p t i t e uomb l i q u u m ,
f l e xi on ,
f a s c io
a ft h eM .p o p L i t e u s
mediaLrotation
HeadlNecklTrunk
T h e v e n t r a t s u p e r f i c i a t a n d m e d i a L m u stci bl ei ai sLtihseaM
n t el rt i o
s fr o. L t o w e d b y t heexM
tensordigitorumLongus,fromwhose[aterat
m a r g i tnh eM .f i b u L a rt iesr t i u o
s f t e no r i g i n a t eTsh eM e x t e n s oh ra L t u c[ iosn g uiss L o c a t emdo s d
t eepty
M.tibiatisanterior
profundus
N fibularis
IN.ischiadicus]
just
0 : P r o x i me
an
I do ft h eT i b i a
belowtheCondyLus
[ateratis,
uppertwothirdsof theFacies
l^r^-^l;- ^{ }k^ T:L;^
roLgrdUJ ut U tY I tutd,
l : M e d i amt a r g i o
n ft h eb a s eo ft h e
0 s m e t a t a rIs, i
p l a n t asru r f a coeft h e0 s
c u n e i f o r mmee d i a t e
F :A n k l ei o i n t :
dorsaIflexion
TalotarsaI
ioint:
s u pni a t i o n
l : B a s eo ft h eP h a l a ndxi s t a t a
i sn d
t h eP h a l a npxr o x i m a toi fst h e
HalLux
F :A n k t jeo i n t :
dorsaIflexion
Fascia
cruris,
(Membran
i nat e r o s s e a l
M.extensor
haltucis
[ongus
N fibularisprofundusIN. ischiadicus]
0 : D i s t at Iw ot h i r d so ft h eF a c r e s
m e d i a [o
i sft h eF i b u t a ,
Membrana
interossea,
Fascia
cruris
T-l^+^.^^l
i^i^+.
IoruLor )or luil tt,
I s u pni a t i o n l
Jointo
s ft h eg r e atto e :
extensron
M.extensor
digitorum
tongus
N fibularisprofundusIN. ischiadicus]
just
0 : P r o x i me
an
I do f t h eT i b i a
betow
t h eC o n d y t ul ast e r a l i s ,
M a r ga
o n t e r i oorft h eF i b u t a ,
M e m b r a ni nat e r o s s cerau r i s ,
Septum
i n t e r m u s c u t carruer i s
anterrus,
F a s c icar u r i s
l : D o r s aal p o n e u r o soeftsh e
2 -5 toe
joint:
F :A n k l e
dorsaIftexion
TatotarsaI
ioint:
Ip r o n a t i o n )
Jointo
s ft h et o e s :
extensron
l: Baseof the0s metatarsi
V
F:Ankleioint:
dorsaIfLexion
TalotarsaI
ioint:
Ip r o n a t i o n )
M.fibutaris
tertius{inconstant
lperoneus]
muscl.el
N fibularisprofundusIN. ischiadicus]
0 : D i s t apl a r to ft h eM e x t e n s o r
d i g i t o r u[m
ongus
SeeFig.1351
UpperL i m b I L o w e rti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
T 48-T trg
T h eL a t e r a l s u p e r f m
icu
i asLc [iest h eM .f i b u t a r L
i so n g uws i,t ht h eM .f i b u t a r b
i sr e v ifso I L o w iinngt h en e x dt e e p eLra y e r
M. fibuLaris
tongus
lperoneusl
fibularis superficia lisIN. i schiadicusJ
l : T u b e r o s i toasss i sm e t a t a rIsIil l l ,
0 : C a p ufti b u L a e ,
proximaI
twothirdsoftheFacies p t a n t asru r f a coeft h e0 s
posterior cuneiform
i net e r m e d i u m
l a t e r a Iai sn dt h eM a r g o
o ft h eF i b u t a ,
S e p t ian t e r m u s c u l acrriuar i s
F :A n k t jeo i n t :
p[antar
ftexion
TalotarsaI
ioint:
pronatron
tnforrr rc ol nnctorrr rc
F a s c icar u r i s
M.fibutaris
brevis
Iperoneusl
N fibutarissuperficialisIN ischiadicusJ
0 : D i s t ahLa [ o
f ft h eF a c i e s
L a t e r aa
Ln
i sdt h eM a r g a
onterior
o ft h eF i b u l . a ,
Septa
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V,
l: Tuberositas
ossismetatarsi
t e n d o snt r i p st o t h eI i t t t et o e
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ftexion
joint:
TalotarsaI
pr0nail0n
aniorrr rc of nnctorrr rc
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T h eh e a d os ft h eM g a s t r o c n e mdi uest e r m i nt hees h a p o
e ft h ec a t fl t i s t o c a t eadb o vteh eM s o L e uasn dt o g e t h et hr e s em u s c L e
M t r i c e pssu r a eT h ev e r ys m a LM[ ,p L a n t a rciasnb ec o n s i d e raesda f o u r t hh e a do ft h i sm u s c l e
M.tricepssurae[ltsbroadtendonis atsoknownasAchitles
tendon]
N. tibralis
IN ischiadicus]
0: M.gastrocnemius,
Caput
l: TubercaLcanei
[viaTendo
mediate:
Facies
ooolitea
of the
c a l cnae u s l
t oeC o n d y l u s
F e m upr r o x i m a Li h
mediaIis
M.gastrocnemius,
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poptitea
Facies
of theFemur
p r o x i m taoLt h eC o n d y l ul ast e r a [ i s
M .s o t e u sC: a p ufti b u l a e ,
p r o x i m a I t ho
i rfdt h eF a c i e s
posterio
posterior
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o ft h eF i b u t a ,
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j u s tb e t o w
t h eL i n e am u s c usLoi L e i ,
A r c u st e n d i n e umsu s c us[ io t e i
popLitea
M.plantaris:
Facies
of the
F e m upr r o x i m taoIt h eC o n d y l u s
Late
raLis
F : K n e ej o i n tt:o n LM
y gastrocnemius
a n dM .p [ a n t a r i s l :
f[exion
A n k l ei o i n t :
pLantar
f lexion
T a L o t a r isoai L
nt:
s u pni a t i o n
HeadlNecklTrunk
TheM popliteus
jointOfthemusc[es
traverses
obLiquety
rna [ateraLdirection
towards
theknee
running
towards
thefoot,
theM.tibiatis
posterior
isLocated
mostsuperficiatLy
Themuscte
isfoLLowed
medialLy
bytheM fLexor
digitorum
[ongus
andtateratLy
bytheM fLexor
hatLucis
[ongus
M.poptiteus
N tibialis(N. ischiadicusl
0: Epicondylus
Lateratis
of the
Femur
just
l : F a c i epso s t e r i o rft h eT i b i a
a b o vteh eL i n e am u s c usl io [ e i
F :K n e ei o i n t :
m e d i arIo t a t i o n ,
Itext0n
l : T u b e r o s i toasss i sn a v i c u l a r i s ,
p [ a n t asru r f a coeft h e0 s s a
c u n e i f o r ml -i al l l ,
b a s eo ft h eO s s am e t a t a rlsl -i l V
F :A n k l ei o i n t :
p t a n t af lre x i o n
Talotarsalioint:
suoination
l : P h a l a ndxi s t a I iosft h e2 - 5 t o e
F :A n k t ei o i n t :
p t a n t af tre x i o n
T a l o t a r sj oaiLn t :
s u pni a t i o n
J o i n to
s ft h et o e s :
flexion
l: Pha[anxdistalisof the qreattoe
F :A n k l ei o i n t :
ptantar
flexion
M. tibiatisposterior
tibialisIN ischiadicus]
0 : U p p etrh r e eq u a r t e rosft h e
M e m b r a ni nat e r o s s e a ,
adjacea
n rt e a o
s ft h eT i b i a n d
t h eF i b u t a
M.ftexordigitorum
longus
N. tibiaLis
IN ischiadicus]
0 : F a c i epso s t e r i o rft h eT i b i a
d i s t atIo t h eL i n e am u s c ust io t e i ,
t e n d o an r c a dbee t w e et n
h eT i b i a
a n dt h eF i b u tpar o x i m taoI t h e
C h i a s mcar u r a L e
M. flexorhaltucis[ongus
tibialis
IN.ischiadicus)
0: DistattwothirdsoftheFacies
p o s t e r i o rft h eF i b u t a ,
M e m b r a ni nat e r o s s e a ,
Septum
i n t e r m u s c u Lcar ruer i s
p o s t eur sr
T-l^+----l;^;^+.
totuLot JoL luil lt.
supination
Jointsofthegreattoe:
f lexion
UpperL i m b I L o w erti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
T51-T52
B o t hm u s c t eosft h eb a c ko ft h ef o o to n [ yc o n t r i b uitnes i g n i f i c a n
h ra L [ u cbi sr e v itsr a v e r s et osw a r dtsh e
t ot tLhyes u r f a caen a t o mTyh. eM e x t e n s o
g r e atto e w
, h e r e at sh eM e x t e n s o
d ri g i t o r u b
mr e v iisn s e r tast t h er e m a i n i nt oge s
M. extensor
digitorum
brevis
fibularis
profundus
communis]
IN,fibu[aris
0 : D o r s aaLn dL a t e r sauI r f a coef
t h eC a L c a n e u s
l : D o r s aaIp o n e u r o o
s ifst h e
2 -4. Ioe
F :J o i n t o
s ft h et o e s :
extension
L fi tsh eg r e a t
l : P h a [ a npxr o x i m a o
toe
j ogi e
na
to Ift h e
F :M e t a t a r s o p h a [ a n
M.extensor
hattucis
brevis
profundus
N frbularis
communis|
IN fibutaris
0 : D o r s asLu r f a coeft h e
C al c an e u s ,
S i n u tsa r s i
extensron
T yhtehM
Theshape
t hoef m e d i a L m a rtghienfoofo t , E m i n e n t i a p t a n t a r i s m e d i a I i s , i s p r e d o m i n a n t [ y f o r m e d b
ef L
Me. xaobrd u c t o r h
just[ateraIto
halLucis
haILucis
brevis
isjuxtaposed
[ateral[y
bytheM adductor
theformer
musc[e,
andisfotlowed
M.abductor
hattucis
N plantarismedia[is
IN tibialis]
0 : P r o cm e d i a [ oi sft h eT u b e r
catcaner,
Aponeurop
s il sa n t a r i s ,
R e t i n a c u [ ummu s c u [ o r u m
fLexoru
m
F : M e t a t a r s o p h a L ajnogi netoafLt h e
l : M e d i asIe s a m obi do n eo ft h e
c a p s u loeft h em e t a t a r s o p h a l a n abduction,
g e ajIo i n to ft h eg r e atto e ,
f Lexion,
m e d i asl i d eo ft h eb a s eo ft h e
opposrtron
L fi tsh eg r e a t
P h a L ap
n rxo x i m a o
toe
M.ftexorhattucis
brevis
MediaIpart {CaputmediaLel
: N. plantarisnedialisIN tibialis|
Laterafpart [Caputlateralel:N pLantaris
latera[isIN. tibiatis]
tafIt h e
F : M e t a t a r s o o h a L ajnogi neo
0: P[antar
surface
of theOssa
l : M e d i apt o r t i o nm: e d i a l
cuneiformia,
s e s a m obi do n eo ft h em e t a t a r s o - greattoe:
f[ e x i o n
L i g .c a l c a n e o c u b o i dpel a
un
mt a r e , p h a t a n g ej oaiLn to ft h eg r e atto e ,
| ;^ ^l^^+-.^ l^^^,,Lr9. Proilror s rurr9ur il,
b a s eo ft h eP h a [ a npxr o x i m a tI i s
sesamoid
t e n d o on ft h eM .t i b i a t ipso s t e r i o r Lateralportion:lateraL
b o n eo ft h em e t a t a r s o p h a t a n g e a L
j o i n to ft h eg r e atto e ,
I is
b a s eo ft h eP h a l a npxr o x i m a L
HeadlNecklTrunk
T 52-T 53
M.adductor
hattucis
N plantaris
|ateralis
lN tibialisl
0 : C a p uot b t i q u u m
0 :s c u b o i d e u m ,l : L a t e r asIe s a m obi do n eo ft h e
F : M e t a t a r s o p h a L a n jgoei n
a tIo f t h e
0s cuneiforme
lateraLe,
c a p s u [oeft h em e t a t a r s o p h a L a n engum,
L i g p [ a n t a rl o
g e ajLo i n to ft h eg r e atto e ,
a d d u c t i otno w a r d st h e 2 . t o p
LigcaLcaneocuboip
d teaunmt a r e b a s eo ft h eP h a [ a npxr o x i m a o
L fi s f lexion
Caputtransversum:
Capsutes
of
t h eg r e atto e
t h em e t a t a r s o p h a [ a nj ogienat soLf
t h et o e sl l l - V L
, igmetatarsate
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Severa
sm
I a Im
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I Ldyh e r et so t h ep L a n t a p
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Below
t h i sm u s c Lteh,eM q u a d r a t upsL a n t ai sec o n n e c t e
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mo n g uosf,w h o s e
f o u rb r a n c h i n g
t e n d o n s t h e Ml m
u m b r i c a [ e s p e d i s l - l V o r iTghi ne aMt m
e , i n t e r o sp sLeain t a r e s a
l -nl ldl t h e M mi n t e r o s sdeoir s a L e s p e d i s l -tlhVef si [p[ a c e s
b e t w e et n
h e0 s s am e t a t a r s i
M . f t e x o r d i g i t o r u m b r e v i s U u s t b e f o r e t h e i n s e r t i o n , i t s t e n d o n s a r e p e r f o r attheedM
b fyttehxeot rednidgoi tnosr o
u fm l o n g u s . l
N.plantaris
medialis
IN tibialisl
0 : P t a n t asru r f a coeft h eT u b e r
l : P h a [ a nmx e d i a
o ft h e2 - 5 t o e
F : M e t a t a r s o p h a [ a ni ogienat sI :
calcanei,
flexion
Aponeurop
s il sa n t a r i s
J o i n to
s ft h et o e s :
flexion
ptantae
M.quadratus
is atsoreferred
to as M ftexoraccessorius.l
lThismuscte
N plantaris
|ateratis
IN tibtalisl
0 : P l a n t asru r f a coeft h e
C al c an e u s ,
L i g .p L a n t aLr e
ongum
l : L a t e r amI a r g i o
n ft h et e n d o on f
t h eM f L e x odri g i t o r u L
mo n g uj uss l
b e f o riet sd i v i s i o n
pedisl-lV
Mm.lumbricaLes
Nn p[antares
mediaLis
il] andlateralis
[ll-lv]IN.tibialis]
pedisl: mediaI l : M e d i asti d eo ft h eP h a l a n x
0: M.lumbrical.es
s i d eo ft h et e n d o on ft h eM f L e x o r p r o x i m a o
L fi tsh e2 - 5 .t o e ,
d i g i t o r u [m
o n g utso t h e2 t o e
s o m e t i m ei tsr a d i a t ei n
s t ot h e
dnrcAl annnar rrn<ic
pedisll-lV:
Mm.[umbricales
f a c i n sg i d e so ft h et e n d o nosft h e
M f l e x odr i g i t o r u [m
o n g utsot h e
3 . - 5t o e
F ;S h i f t tsh ed i r e c t i oonff o r c e
generated
bytheM flexordigitorum
l o n g utso w a r dtsh e[ o n g i t u d i naax Ii s
ofthefoot
F :M e t a t a r s o o h a l a ni ogienat sl :
f[exion
plantares
pedisl-lll
Mm.interossei
N pLantaris
lateralis
lN tibialisl
0 : P t a n t asru r f a coeft h eO s s a
m e t a t a rlsl li - V ,
I in
nlenlero
lnnnrrm
l : M e d i ast i d eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e
P h a L a npxr o x i m a Loi sf t h e 3 - 5 . t o e
F : M e t a t a r s o p h a [ a ni ogienat sI :
fl e x i o n ,
a d d u c t i ot onw a r dtsh e2 t o e
U ppert i m b I L o w erti mb I C ra n i anl e rve s
pedisl-lV (doubte
Mm.interossei
dorsates
headed
muscLesJ
N. plantaris
tateratis
lN tibialis)
0 r F a c i nsgi d e so ft h e0 s s a
metatarsi
l-V,
L i g p L a n t aLr e
ongum
l: M.interosseus
dorsatis
l:
m e d i asIi d eo ft h eb a s eo ft h e
P h a L ao
n rxo x i m a o
[ i fst h e2 t o e
Mm.interossei
dorsates
ll-lV:
[ a t e r asIi d eo ft h eb a s eo f
t i fst h e
t h eP h a L a p
n rxo x i m a o
2-4 toe,
I n s e rItn t oe x t e n s o
a ro o n e u r o s e s
j sgi n
F :M e t a t a r s o o h a t a n
e tasI:
f[ e x i o n ,
m e d i aaIb d u c t i oonft h e2 t o e a
, sw e L l
a sL a t e r a b
L d u c t i oonft h e3 .a n d
4.toe
Jointo
s ft h et o e s :
IextensionJ
T h e Ma b d u c t o r d i m
g iitni i mi is [ o c a t e d a l o n g t h e Lm
a taerrgai ln o f t h e f o o t , E m i n e n t i a p t a n t a r i s [ a t e r a t i s . T h m
i n.ifm
eM
Lbei rxeovri ds iagni tdi
t h eM ,o p p o n e ndsi g i tm
i i n i mai r es i t u a t ebde t o w
i t sp t a n t aars p e c t
M.abductor
digitiminimi
N. plantaris
lateralis
IN tibialis]
0: Proc[ateraLis
of theTuber
catcanet,
Aponeurop
s iLsa n t a r i s ,
Tuberositas
ossismetatarsi
V
l : B a s eo ft h eP h a L a p
n rxo x i m a t i s F : M e t a t a r s o p h a t a ni ogiena
ot Ift h e
o ft h e5 t o e
5 .t o e :
ab du c t i o n ,
fl e x i o n ,
opposition
M.ftexordigitiminimibrevis
N. plantaris
tateralis
IN tibialis]
0 : B a s eo ft h e0 s m e t a t a rVs ,i
L i g .p [ a n t a r[ e
ongum,
t e n d o snh e a t oh ft h eM .f i b u t a r i s
[ongus
M,opponens
digitiminimi{inconstant
musctel
N. plantaris
lateralis
IN tibialis]
0 : L i g p t a n t a r[ e
ongum,
t e n d osnh e a t oh ft h eM .f i b u l a r i s
Longus
l : P h a l a noxr o x i m a o
t i fst h e5 t o e
F : M e t a t a r s o p h a l a nj ogienatoIft h e
5 toe:
ab du c t i o n ,
f[ e x i o n ,
Iopposition)
l : L a t e r amI a r g i o
n ft h e
V
0s metatarsi
F : M e t a t a r s o p h a L ajnogi netoafIt h e
5 .t o e :
ab d u c t i o n ,
fl e x i o n ,
(opposition)
HeadlNecklTrunk
a
N.otfactorius
lll
b
N.opticus
illl
c
N.ocutomotorius
lllll
d
N.trochtearis
ilVI
e
N.trigeminus
IVI
- N ophthatmicus
[V/1]
- N maxitlaris
[V/2]
- N.mandibutaris
[V/3]
f
N.abducens
[Vll
g
N.faciatis
lVlll
h
N.vestibutocochtearis
[Vllll
i
N.gtossopharyngeus
[lXI
j
N.vagus[Xl
k
N.accessorius
[Xll
t
N.hypogtossus
[Xlll
G S E G e n e r a L s o meaftfiec r e n ci e
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GVE General
efference:
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SVE
theoesophagus,
thelarynx,
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visceraI
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themasticatory
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Specific
efference:
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aswetIastheM.sternoc[eidomastoideus
andM trapezius
lV,Vll,lX,X,Xll
vessels
GVA General
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llX,Xl
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pain,temperature,
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lV,Vll,lX,Xl
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se
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i:ir1.rt\,.iti
lndex
Index
T h e n u m b e r sr e f e rt o t h e n u m b e r so f t h e t a b t e s
A
A b d o m i n aw
I a [ [ ,m u s c t e s 1 3
Abductio
- l A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e ]3 9
- [ A r t i c u l a t i oh u m e r i J2 3
- r a d i a l i s[ A r t i c u l a t i om a n u s J2 3
- u t n a r i sl A r t i c u t a t i om a n u s ] 2 3
j ori n t s A r t i c u [ a Acromioclavicuta
tio acromioctavicu[aris
Adductio
- l A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e l3 9
- l A r t i c u l a t i oh u m e r i ) 2 3
A m p h i a r t h r o s i s3 9
A n s ac e r v i c a t i s7 , 9 - 1 0
Antebrachium
- m u s c t e sd
, o r s a t ,d e e p 3 5
--superficial34
- - l a t e r a t ,r a d i a t 3 3
- - v e n t r a l ,d e e p 3 2
---superficial31
Anteversio
- l A r t i c u [ a t i oc o x a e ]3 9
- l A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i ) 2 3
A n u l u st e n d i n e u sc o m m u n i s 5 7
Apex partis petrosae 57
A r m s L i m b ,u p p e r
A r t e r i ac a r o t i si n t e r n a 5 7
A r t i c u t a t i o tn-e s J
- a c r o m i o c l a v i c u t a r i2s3
- c a t c a n e o c u b o i d e3a9
- c a r p o m e t a c a r p a t i s l - e2
s l3
- - p o t t i c i s2 3
- c o x a e3 9
- cubiti 23
- - axes 23
- - p t a n e so f m o v e m e n t s2 3
- cuneocuboide3
a9
- c u n e o n a v i c u L a r3i s9
- e t l i p s o i d e a2 3
- f i b r o s a3 9
- g e n u s3 9
- humeri 23
- - axes 23
- - p t a n e so f m o v e m e n t s2 3
- h u m e r o r a d i a t i s2 3
- h u m e r o u l n a r i s2 3
- i n t e r c u n e i f o r m e3
s9
- i n t e r m e t a t a r s a t e3s 9
- i n t e r p h a l a n g e am
e anus 23
- - pedis 39
- m a n u s ,a x e s 2 3
- - p l a n e so f m o v e m e n t s2 3
- m e d i o c a r p a l i s2 3
- m e m b r i i n f e r i o r i s3 9
---tiberi39
- - s u p e r i o r i s2 3
---tiberi23
- m e t a c a r p o p h a l a n g e a2e3
- m e t a t a r s o p h a [ a n g e a3e9
- planae23
-^ti^-^-^^I^
Po('r
-
tc
zr
r a d i o u l n a r i sd i s t a t i s2 3
- p r o x i m a t i s2 3
s a c r o i t i a c a3 9
seltaris 23
s p h e r o i d e a2 3 , 3 9
s t e r n o c l a v i c u L a r2i s3
s u b t a [ a r i s3 9
Articulatio[-nesJ
- t a l o c a t c a n e o n a v i c u [ a3r i9s
- t a l o c r u r a t i s3 9
- t a t o n a v i c u t a r i3s 9
- t a t o t a r s a L i3s 9
- tarsi transversa 39
- tarsometatarsales39
- t i b i o f i b u t a r i s3 9
- t r o c h o i d e a2 3 , 3 9
A u d i t o r yo r g a n 5 7
A u t o c h t h o n o um
s u s c [ e so f t h e n e c k
20
- deep 20
Axis
- [ o n g i t u d i n a t i{sA r t i c u l a t i o
coxae}
39
- - (Articutatig
oenusl 39
- - { A r t i c u L a t ihou m e r i l 2 3
- o b [ i q u al A r t i c u l a t i ot a l o t a r s a [ i s )
39
- r o t a t i o n i s{ A r t i c u t a t i co u b i t i l 2 3
- s a g i t t a L ilsA r t i c u l a t i oc o x a e l 3 9
- - l A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i l 2 3
- - l d o r s o p a l m a r i sl A
] rticulatio
manusl 23
- t r a n s v e r s a t i [sA r t i c u L a t icoo x a e l
39
- - [Articutatio
cubiti]23
- - l A r t i c u L a t igoe n u s l 3 9
- - l A r t i c u [ a t i oh u m e r i l 2 3
- - l A r t i c u l a t i ot a l o c r u r a [ i s J3 9
- - l r a d i o u t n a r i sl lA r t i c u t a t i o
manusl 23
B
Brachium
- musctesd
, orsa[30
- - ventral 29
B u t b u so l f a c t o r i u s5 7
Bursa
- b i c i p i t o r a d i a t i2s 9
- subtendinea
m u s c u [ il a t i s s i m i
dorsi 18
c
CanaLis
- n e r v if a c i a l i s5 7
- - h y p o g t o s s5i 7
- opticus57
c A N N o N - B o HpMo i n t 5 7
Caput
- b r e v e{ M . b i c e p sb r a c h i i }2 9
- - [ M b i c e p sf e m o r i s l 4 0 ,4 6
- c t a v i c u [ a r (eM . s t e r n o c t e i d o m a s t o i d e u s J8
- h u m e r a l e[ M e x t e n s o r c a r p i
u t n a r i s l3 4
- - ( M . f t e x o r c a r p i u l n a r i3s 1]
- - [ M f l e x o rp o l t i c i s[ o n g u s l
32
- - [ M p r o n a t o r t e r e s l3 1
- h u m e r o u l n a r el M . f t e x o rd i g i t o r u m s u p e r f i c i a l i s3l 1
- i n f e r i u s[ M . p t e r y g o i d e ulsa t e r atisl 4
Caput
- l a t e r a t el M . g a s t r o c n e m i u s4l 9
- - ( M . t r i c e p sb r a c h i i l 3 0
- l o n g u mI M . b i c e p sb r a c h i i )2 9
- - { M . b i c e p s f e m o r i s l4 6
- - [ M . t r i c e p sb r a c h i i ]3 0
- m e d i a t e( M . g a s t r o c n e m i u s4l 9
- - [ M t r i c e p sb r a c h i i ] 3 0
- o b t i q u u ml M a d d u c t o rh a t t u c i s l
52
- - l M a d d u c t o rp o l l i c i s l 3 6
- p r o f u n d u ml M f l e x o rp o l l i c i sb r e visl 24,36
- r a d i a t e{ M f t e x o rd i g i t o r u ms u p e r l l c l a u s lJ I
- - [ M . f t e x o rp o t t i c i st o n g u s )3 2
- r e c t u ml M . q u a d r i c e p sf e m o r i s l
4/+
- r e f t e x u mI M . q u a d r i c e p sf e m o r i s l
44
- s t e r n a t e[ M . s t e r n o c t e i d o m a s t o i d e u s l8
- superficia[e
l M . f t e x o rp o [ [ i c i s
D r e v r s J2 4 ,J o
- s u p e r i u s[ M p t e r y g o i d e utsa t e r atisl4
- t r a n s v e r s u m[ M . a d d u c t o rh a [ [ u c i s l 4 0 ,5 2
- - l M . a d d u c t o rp o t t i c i s l3 6
- u t n a r e( M e x t e n s o rc a r p iu t n a r i s l
34
- - [ M . f l e x o r c a r p iu t n a r i s l 3 1
- - ( M . p r o n a t o r t e r e s l3 1
j oI i n t ( s )
Carpometacarpa
- o f t h e s e c o n dt o f i f t h f i n g e rs . A r t i c u l a t i o l - n e sc]a r p o m e t a c a r pLai s { - e s )
- o f t h e t h u m b s . A r t i c u l a t i oc a r p o m e t a c a r p a I ipso [ [ i c i s
C a v u mt r i g e m i n a t e5 7
Ce[[utae
- e t h m o i d a l e sa n t e r i o r e s5 7
- - posteriores 57
- m a s t o i d e a e5 7
C e r e b e [ [ o p o n t i naen g t e 5 7
C h i a s m ao p t i c u m 5 7
c H 0 P A R T ' S j o i 3n 9t
C h o r d at y m p a n i 5 7
Cisterna
- ambiens57
- b a s a t i s5 7
- i n t e r p e d u n c u [ a r i5s 7
- p o n t o c e r e b e l l a r i5s7
21
CIEftOf LARREY
C t i v u s5 7
C o L L i c u l ui nsf e r i o r 5 7
Concha
- n a s a l i sm e d i a 5 7
- - superior57
Cornea57
l a t e r a [ e5 7
C o r p u sg e n i c u L a t u m
c o R T lo
, r g a no f 5 7
C r a n i a In e r v e s 5 5 ,5 7
- f i b r e q u a t i t i e s5 6
Crus
- d e x t r u ml P a r s[ u m b a t i s D
, ia p h r a g m a2
)1
- s i n i s t r u mI P a r sL u m b a t i sD, i a p h r a g m a l2 1
D
D i a p h r a g ms . D i a p h r a g m a
D i a p h r a g m a8 , 2 1
- a p e r t u r e s2 1
- petvis 22
- u r o g e n i t a t e2 2
- weakpoints 21
D i s c u si n t e r p u b i c u s3 9
D o r s u mo f t h e f o o t
- m u s c [ e s5 1
- - medial 52
D u r am a t e r 5 7
E
E t b o wj o i n t s . A r t i c u l a t i oc u b i t
E q u i l i b r i u mo r g a n 5 7
Extensio
- l A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e l 3 9
- l A r t i c u l a t i oc u b i t i ) 2 3
- l A r t i c u t a t i og e n u s l 3 9
- l A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i ) 2 3
- ( A r t i c u l a t i om a n u s l 2 3
- ( A r t i c u t a t i toa l o c r u r a [ i s l3 9
F
F a c i a lm u s c l e s 1 , 5 7
F a t xc e r e b r i 5 7
FemoraL
m u s c t e sv, e n t r a l 4 4
F i [ ao l f a c t o r i a5 7
F i s s u r ao r b i t a t i ss u p e r i o r 5 7
Ftexio
- [Articutatio
c o x a e ]3 9
- [ A r t i c u L a t icou b i t i l 2 3
- l A r t i c u t a t i og e n u s ) 3 9
- l A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i l 2 3
- l A r t i c u t a t i om a n u s l 2 3
- [Articutatio
t a l o c r u r a t i s ]3 9
Foramen
- jugutare57
- magnum 57
- ovale 57
- rotundum57
- stylomastoideum57
- venaecavae 21
Fossa
- c r a n i im e d i a 5 7
- - p o s t e r i o r5 7
F u n d u sm e a t u sa c u s t i c i n t e r n i 5 7
G
GangIion
- c i t r a r e5 7
- o p t i c u mr e t i n a e 5 7
- oticum 57
- pterygopatatinum
57
- s u b m a n d i b u t a r e5 7
- t r i g e m i n a t e5 7
G i n g i v a5 7
G i n g t y m u s2 3 ,3 9
Gtanduta(-ae)
- l a c r i m a t i s5 7
- t i n g u a t e s5 7
Glandulal-aeJ
- n a s a t e s5 7
- p a t a t i n a e5 7
- p a r o t i d e a5 7
- s u b t i n g u a t i5s7
- s u b m a n d i b u t a r i s5 7
G S A[ g e n e r a st o m a t i ca f f e r e n c e ]5 5
G S E[ g e n e r a sl o m a t i ce f f e r e n c e ]5 6
G V A[ g e n e r a vLi s c e r a a
I f f e r e n c e )5 6
G V El g e n e r a vl i s c e r a e
l f f e r e n c e ]5 6
H
Hiatus
- aorticus21
-
nacnnh:norrc
?1
H i n g ej o i n t s 2 3
Hipmusctes
- dorsal 43
- ventral 42
H u m e r o r a d i aj o
I ints.Articutatio
hum e r o r a di al i s
H u m e r o u [ n ajro i n t s A r t i c u t a t i o
h um e r o uI n ar i s
H y p o t h e n aer m i n e n c e m
, u s c t e s3 8
I
l n t e r p h a l a n g e aj oI i n t s o f t h e f i n g e r s
s A r t i c u t a t i o { - n e si nl t e r p h a l a n g e a em a n u s
l s t h m u sf a u c i u m 5 7
J
J o in t ( s l
- o f C H o P A R3T9
- o f L I S F R A Naom
, p u t a t i o n[ i n e 3 9
- u p p e rt i m b l f r e e l 2 3
J u n c t u r a ec i n g u t ip e l v i c i3 9
L
L a m i n ac r i b r o s a 5 7
LARREY's
cleft 21
L a r y n g e am
I u s c t e s6 , 5 7
L e g s L i m b ,l o w e r
Ligamentum(-aJ
- p u b i c u mi n f e r i u s 3 9
- - s u p e r i u s3 9
- s a c r o i l i a c a n t e r i o r a3 9
- - i n t e r o s s e a3 9
- - p o s t e r i o r a3 9
- s a c r o s p i n a L3e9
- s a c r o t u b e r a t e3 9
Limb
- L o w e rm
, u s c l e sw i t h d i a g n o s t i c
i m p o r t a n c e4 1
- - s e g m e n t a itn n e r v a t i o n2 2
- u p p e r ,f r e e , j o i n t s 2 3
- - j o i n t s2 3
L i m b ,u p p e r ,m u s c L e si ,n n e r v a t i o n ,
s e g m e n t a L2 5
L I S F R A Nscj o i n t ,a m p u t a t i o n[ i n e
39
M
Manus,
musctes
37-38
M a s t i c a t o rm
y u s c t e s4
M e a t u sa c u s t i c u se x t e r n u s 5 7
Medu[[a
- o b l o n g a t a5 7
- s p r n a t i sc e r v i c a l i s5 7
M e m b r a n at y m p a n i 5 7
M e t a c a r p o p h a t a n g ej oaiIn t so f t h e
f i n g e r ss A r t i c u [ a t i o ( - n e s l
m e t a c ar p o p h a t a n g e a e
M i d d t eo f t h e s o l eo f t h e f o o t ,m u s ctes 53
Musc[es
- o f m a s t i c a t i o n4
- o f t h e a b d o m i n aw
I a t [ ,d o r s a [ 1 5
- - lateral 15
- - ventral 14
- of the arm, dorsal 30
- - ventral 29
- o f t h e b a c k ,a u t o c h t h o n o u s2 0
- - lateral 20
- - m e d i a t2 0
- o f t h e f o r e a r m ,d o r s a l ,d e e p 3 5
---superficiat34
- - l a t e r a t ,r a d i a t 3 3
- - v e n t r a t ,d e e p 3 2
---superficiat3l
- o f t h e h i p ,d o r s a [ 4 3
- - ventral 42
- o f t h e t e g ,d o r s a l ,d e e p 5 0
---superficial49
- - [ a t e r a t( f i b u t a r l4 8
- - ventral 47
- o f t h e n e c k ,a u t o c h t h o n o u s2 0
- - deep 20
- - tateral8
- o f t h e s h o u t d e rd, o r s a [ 2 8
- - lateral 27
- - ventral 26
- o f t h e t h i g h ,a d d u c t o r s4 5
- - dorsal 46
- - i s c h i o c r u r a [1 + 6
- - mediat45
- - ventral 44
- o f t h e t o n g u e ,e x t e r n a U i n t e r n a2l
- o f t h e t r u n k - a r m1 8
- o f t h e t r u n k - s h o u l d e gr i r d t e 17
Muscutus[-i]
- a b d u c t odr i g i t im i n i m i 2 4 - 2 5 , 3 8 ,
54
- - hatluci4
s1,52
- - p o t t i c i sb r e v i s 2 5 , 3 6
- - - t o n g u s2 5 , 3 5
- a d d u c t o rb r e v i s 4 1 ,4 5
- - h a t t u c i s4 1 , 5 2
- - t o n g u s4 1 , 4 5
- - m a g n u s4 1 , 4 5
- - p o L t i c i 2s 5 , 3 6
- a n c o n e u s3 0
- a r t i c u L a r igs e n u s 4 4
- a r y t e n o i d e uos b t i q u u s6
- - I r a n s v e r s u so
- a u r i c u t a r iasn t e r i o r1 ,5 7
- - p o s t e r i o r1 , 5 7
- - s u p e r i o r1 , 5 7
- b i c e p sb r a c h i i 2 5 ,2 9
- - f e m o r i s4 1 , 4 6
- b r a c h i a t i s2 5 , 2 9
- b r a c h i o r a d i a [ i2
s 4 - 2 5 ,3 3
- b u c c i n a t o r1
- b u t b o s p o n g i o s u2s2
- chondroglossu2
s
- ci[iaris57
- c o n s t r i c t o rp h a r y n g i si n f e r i o r 5
---medius5
---superior5
- c o r a c o b r a c h i a l i2s 5 ,2 9
- c o r r u g a t o rs u p e r c i t i i1
- cremaster15
Musculusl-il
- c r i c o a r y t e n o i d e ut as t e r a t i s6
- - p o s t e r i o r6
-
rrirnthvrnidorrc
A
-
d e t t o i d e u s2 5 ,2 7
d e p r e s s o r a n g u [oi r i s 1
- L a b iiin f e r i o r i s1
- s e p t in a s i 1
- s u p e r c i [ i i1
d i g a s t r i c u s9 , 5 7
e p i c r a n i u s1
e x t e n s o rc a r p ir a d i a L i b
s r e v i s2 5 ,
33
t o n g u s2 4 - 2 5 , 3 3
- - - u t n a r i s2 5 , 3 4
- - d i g i t im i n i m i 2 5 , 3 / r
- - d i g i t o r u m2 5 , 3 4
---brevis41,51
---longus41,47
- - h a t l u c i s b r e v i4s1 , 5 1
---tongus41,47
- - i n d i c i s2 5 , 3 5
- - p o t t i c i sb r e v i s 2 5 , 3 5
- - - l o n g u s2 5 , 3 5
- f i b u l a r i sl p e r o n e u sbl r e v i s
40-41,48
- - l o n g u s4 1 , 4 8
- - tertius 1+7
- f t e x o rc a r p ir a d i a t i s2 5 , 3 1
- - - u l n a r i s2 5 , 3 1
- - d i g i t im i n i m i b r e v i sl M a n u s l 3 8
- (Pesl 54
I M a n u s l2 4 - 2 5
- - d i g i t o r u mb r e v i s4 1 , 5 3
- - - t o n g u s4 1 , 5 0
- - - profundus25,32
- - - s u p e r f i c i a t i2s5 , 3 1
- - h a t t u c i sb r e v i s4 1 , 5 2
- - - l o n g u s4 1 , 5 0
- - p o l l i c i sb r e v i s 2 5 , 3 6
- - - l o n g u s2 5 , 3 2
- f t e x o ra c c e s s o r i u s . q u a d r a t u s
p L an t a e
- g a s t r o c n e m i u4s1 , 4 9
- g e m e l l u si n f e r i o r 4 3
- - superior43
-
g e n i o h y o i d e u9s
g l u t e u sm a x i m u s4 1 , 4 3
- m e d i u s4 1 , 4 3
- m i n i m u s4 1 , 4 3
g r a c i t i s4 1 ,4 5
h y o g l o s s u s2 , 5 7
i t i a c u s4 2
i t i o c o c c y g e u2s 2
i t i o c o s t a t icse r v i c i s2 0
- l u m b o r u m2 0
- thoracis20
i t i o p s o a s4 0 - 4 1
i n f r a s p i n a t u s2 4 - 2 5 ,2 8
i n t e r c o s t a t eesx t e r n i 1 3
- i n t e r n i1 3
i n t e r o s s edi o r s a t e s{ M a n u s J
25-26,37
- d o r s a l e s[ P e s ] 5 3
- p a l m a r e s3 7
- p l a n t a r e s5 3
i n t e r s p i n a t ecse r v i c i s2 0
- l u m b o r u m2 0
- thoracis20
i n t e r t r a n s v e r s a rai in t e r i o r e s
c e r v i c i s2 0
- l a t e r a l e sl u m b o r u m 2 0
- m e d i a t e sl u m b o r u m 2 0
- p o s t e r i o r e sc e r v i c i s2 0
- thoracis20
Musculus[-iJ
- i s c h i o c a v e r n o s u2s2
- i s c h i o c o c c y g e u2s2
- l a t i s s i m u sd o r s i 1 8 ,2 4
- l e v a t o r { - e sa)n g u l io r i s 1
--ani22
- - costarum breves 20
---tongi20
- - t a b i is u p e r i o r i s1
a t a e q u en a s i 1
- - p a t p e b r a es u p e r i o r i s5 7
- - s c a p u t a e1 7
- - v e l i p a t a t i n i3 , 5 7
- l o n g i s s i m u sc a p i t i s 2 0
- - cervicis 20
- - t h o r a c i s2 0
- [ o n g i t u d i n a t i sn f e r i o r 2
- - superior2
- l o n g u s c a p i t i1
s2
- - cotti12-13
- l u m b r i c a l e s[ M a n u s )3 7
- - lPesl 53
- masseter 4
- mentalis 1
- m u t t i f i d i2 0
- mytohyoideu9
s , 57
- n a s a [ i s1
- o b t i q u u sc a p i t i si n f e r i o r 2 0
---superior20
- - externusabdomin1
i s5 , 4 0
- - inferior57
- - i n t e r n u s a b d o m i n i1s5 , 4 0
- - superior57
- o b t u r a t o r i u se x t e r n u s4 1 ,4 5
- - i n t e r n u s4 1 , 4 3
- o c c i p i t o f r o n t a t i1s
- o m o h y o i d e u s1 0
- o p p o n e nds i g i t im i n i m iI M a n u s )
38
[,es, c4
- - p o t t i c i s2 5 ,3 6
- o r b i c u t a r i so c u [ i 1
--oris1
- p a t a t o g l o s s u s2 , 5 7
- p a t a t o p h a r y n g e u5s, 5 7
- palmaris brevis 38
- - longus31
- p e c t i n e u s4 1 , 4 5
- pectoratismajor 26
- - minor 25
- p i r i f o r m i s4 1 , 4 3
- p t a n t a r i s4 9
- p o p t i t e u s4 1 , 5 0
- procerus 1
- p r o n a t o rq u a d r a t u s3 2
- - teres25,31
- p s o a sm a j o r 4 2
- - minor 42
- p t e r y g o i d e ulsa t e r a l i s4
- - m e d i a t i s4
- p u b o c o c c y g e u2s2
- p u b o i t i o c o c c y g e u2s2
- p u b o v a g i n a l i2
s2
- p y r a m i d a t i s1 4
- q u a d r a t u sf e m o r i s 4 3
- - l u m b o r u m1 6
- - p t a n t a e5 3
- q u a d r i c e p sf e m o r i s 4 1 , 1 + 4
- r e c t u sa b d o m i n i s1 4 , 4 0
-
-
..nitic
:ntarinr
'l
?
---lateralis20
- - - p o s t e r i o rm a j o r 2 0
minor 20
- - femoris 44
- - inferior57
- - l a t e r a t i s5 7
lndex
Musculus[- iJ rectusabdominis
- - m e d i a t i s5 7
- - s u p e r i o r5 7
- r h o m b o i d e um
s ajor 17
- - m i n o r1 7
- risorlus 1
- rotatores 20
- - c e r v i c i s2 0
- - lumborum 20
- - thoracis20
- s a t p i n g o p h a r y n g e u5s
- s a r t o r i u s4 1 , 4 4
- s c a t e n u s a n t e r i o1r1
- - m e d i u s1 1
- - p o s t e r i o r1 1
- s e m i m e m b r a n o s u4s1 ,4 6
- s e m i s p i n a l ci sa p i t i s2 0
- - c e r v i c i s2 0
- - t h o r a c i s2 0
- s e m i t e n d i n o ssu 4 1 ,4 6
- serratus anterior 17,24
- - p o s t e r i o ri n f e r i o r 1 9
---superior19
- s o t e u s1 ' 1 , 4 9
- s p h i n c t e ra n i e x t e r n u s2 2
- - p u p i t l a e5 7
- - urethrae22
- s p i n a t i sc a p i t i s 2 0
- - c e r v i c i s2 0
- - t h o r a c i s2 0
-
cnlonir
-
- c e r v i c i s2 0
s t a p e d i u s5 7
s t e r n a t i s1 3
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8 s, 5 7
s t e r n o h y o i d e u s1 0
s t e r n o t h y r o i d e u1
s0
s t y l o g l o s s u s2 , 5 7
s t y t o h y o i d e u9s , 5 7
s t y t o p h a r y n g e u5s, 5 7
s u b c l a v i u s2 6
s u b c o s t a l e s1 3
s u b s c a p u t a r i s2 5 - 2 6
s u p i n a t o r2 5 , 3 5
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- - tympani57
- - v e t i p a t a t i n i3 , 5 7
- t e r e sm a j o r 2 5 ,2 8
- - m i n o r 2 5 ,2 8
- t h y r o a r y t e n o i d e u6s
- t h y r o h y o i d e u s1 0
- t i b i a t i sa n t e r i o r4 1 ,4 7
- - p o s t e r i o r4 1 , 5 0
- t r a n s v e r s u sa b d o m i n i s1 5
- - l i n g u a e2
- - menti 1
- - p e r i n e ip r o f u n d u s2 2
---superficialis22
- - t h o r a c i s1 3 - 1 4
- t r a p e z i u s1 7 , 5 7
-
- surae 49
u v u l a e3 , 5 7
v a s t u si n t e r m e d i u s4 4
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s ajor 1
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N
N e c km u s c l e s
- a u t o c h t h o n o u s2 0
- deep20
- lateral 8
Nervus[-i]
- a b d u c e n s[ V l ] 5 5 ,5 7
- a c c e s s o r i u [sX l ] 8 , 17 , 5 5 , 5 7
- a n a t e si n f e r i o r e s4 0
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a u r i c u t a r i sm a g n u s 7
a u r i c u t o t e m p o r a t i5s7
a x i l t a r i s2 4 , 2 7 - 2 8
c e r v i c a l i s1 9 - 2 0
c t u n i u mi n f e r i o r e s4 0
c o c c y g e u s4 0
c o c h l e a r i s5 7
c u t a n e u sa n t e b r a c h im
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24
- - b r a c h im
i e d i a t i s2 4
- - d o r s a t i si n t e r m e d i u s4 0
---lateratis40
---mediatis40
- - f e m o r i sl a t e r a l i s4 0
---posterior40
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---medialis40
- d i g i t a t e sd o r s a t e sp e d i s 4 0
- - p t a n t a r e sc o m m u n e s 4 0
---proprii40
- d o r s a l i sc t i t o r i d i s4 0
- - P e n i s1 + 0
- - s c a p u l a e1 7 , 2 4
- f a c i a l i st v l l l 1 , 5 5 ,5 7
- femoralis40,44-45
- f i b u t a r i cs o m m u n i s4 0 ,5 1
- - p r o f u n d u s4 0 , 4 7 , 5 1
- - s u p e r f i c i a t i s1 + 0 , 4 8
- f r o n t a t i s5 7
- g e n i t o f e m o r a t i s1 5 ,4 0
- g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u[ lsX ] 5 5 , 5 7
- g t u t e u si n f e r i o r 4 0 , 4 3
- - superior 40,43-44
- h y p o g l o s s utsx l l ] 2 , 5 5 ,5 7
- i t i o h y p o g a s t r i c u1s5 ,4 0
- itioinguinat1
i s5 ,4 0
- i n t e r c o s t a l e s1 3 - 1 7
- i n t e r o s s e ua
s n t e b r a c h iai n t e r i o r
-
- cruris 40
i s c h i a d i c u s4 0 ,4 3 ,4 6 - 5 0
l a b i a t e sa n t e r i o r e s4 0
- p o s t e r i o r e s4 0
l a c r i m a L i s5 7
l a r y n g e u sr e c u r r e n s6
- superor 6
[ i n g u a L i5s 7
m a n d i b u t a r i sI V / 3 15 5 ,5 7
m a s s e t e r i c u s4
m a x i t t a r i sl V l 2 l 5 5 , 5 7
m e d i a n u s2 1 ,3, 1- 3 2 , 3 6 - 3 7
m u s c u [ oi b t u r a t o r i ni t e r n i4 0 , 4 3
- p i r i f o r m i s 4 0 ,4 3
- q u a d r a t fi e m o r i s 4 0 , 4 3
- tensorisvep
t ia L a t i n3i
musculocutaneu2
s 4 ,2 9
m y l o h y o i d e u s9
n a s o c i [ i a r i5s7
o b t u r a t o r i u s4 0 , 4 5
- a c c e s s o r i u s4 0
o c c i p i t a t ims i n o r 7
o c u r 0 m o l o n ui sl i l 1 c 5 , 5 /
o r r a c r o n u sL [ c c , c /
o p h t h a t m i c u st V / 1 15 5 ,5 7
o p t i c u st l l l 5 5 , 5 7
P
Nervus[-i]
- patatin5
i 7
- pectorates 24
- - L a t e r a t e s2 6
- - m e d i a l e s2 6
- p e r i n e a l e s4 0
P:lrie
-
naf r^c'
-
- minor 57
p h r e n i c u s7 , 2 1
p l a n t a r i sl a t e r a l i s 4 0 , 5 2 - 5 / 1
- m e d i a l i s4 0 , 5 2 - 5 3
p t e r y g o i d e ulsa t e r a l i s4
- m e d i a t i s4
p u d e n d u s2 2 , 4 0
r a d i a t i s2 4 , 3 0 , 3 3 - 3 5
r e c t a l e si n f e r i o r e s4 0
sacralis 22
s a p h e n u s4 0
s c r o t a l e sa n t e r i o r e s4 0
- p o s t e r i o r e s4 0
s u b c t a v i u s2 4 ,2 6
s u b o c c i p i t a [ i2
s0
s u b s c a p u l a r e s2 1 +2,6 ,2 8
s u p r a c t a v i c u t a r ei nst e r m e d i i7
- laterales 7
- m e d i a l e s7
suprascaputaris21,,27-28
rc meinr
57
s u r a t i s4 0
t e m p o r a l e sp r o f u n d i4
thoracici15,19-20
t h o r a c i c u sl o n g u s 1 7 , 2 4
t h o r a c o d o r s a t i s1 8 ,2 4 ,2 8
tibiatis 40,49-50, 52-53
t r a n s v e r s u sc o t l i 7
t r i g e m i n u st v l 5 5 ,5 7
t r o c h t e a r i s[ l V ] 5 5 , 5 7
t y m p a n i c u s5 7
utnaris 24, 31-32, 36-38
v a g u s[ x ] 5 5 ,5 7
v e s t i b u [ a r i s5 7
v e s t i b u [ o c o c h L e a[rVi sl l l ] 5 5 ,5 7
z y g o m a t i c u s5 7
Nucteus[-i]
- a c c e s s o r i un
s e r v io c u t o m o t o r i i
57
- a m b i g u u s5 7
- c o c h t e a r i sa n t e r i o r 5 7
- - p o s t e r i o r5 7
- d o r s a l i sn e r v iv a g i 5 7
- m e s e n c e p h a t i c unse r v it r i g e m i n i
57
- m o t o r i u sn e r v it r i g e m i n i 5 7
- n e r v ia b d u c e n t i s5 7
- - accessori5
i 7
- - f a c i a t i s5 7
- - h y p o g t o s s5i 7
- - ocutomotori5
i 7
- - t r o c h l e a r i s5 7
- s a t i v a t o r i uisn f e r i o r 5 7
- - s u p e r i o r5 7
- s o L i t a r i u s5 7
- s p i n a t i sn e r v it r i g e m i n i 5 7
---vagi57
- v e s t i b u t a r i si n f e r i o r 5 7
- - l a t e r a [ i s5 7
- - m e d i a t i s5 7
- - s u p e r i o r5 7
0tfactory pathway 57
O t i v a5 7
0 r g a n o f C 0 R T I5 7
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rnroninln++ira
-
a s c e n d e n sI M t r a p e z i u s l1 7
b u c c o p h a r y n g e5a
c e r a t o p h a r y n g e 5a
c h o n d r o p h a r y n g e5a
c l a v i c u [ a r i IsM . d e t t o i d e u s l2 7
- [ M p e c t o r a t i sm a j o r ] 2 6
c o s t a l i sl D i a p h r a g m a 2
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g t o s s o p h a r y n g e5a
i n f e r i o r I Ms e r r a t u s a n t e r i o r1] 7
i n f r a c l a v i c u t a r i2s 8 ,3 0 - 3 6
t a b i a t i sI M . o r b i c u [ a r i so r i s ] 1
[ a c r i m a t i sl M o r b i c u t a r i so c u [ i l 1
l u m b a L i sl D i a p h r a g m a l2 1
m a r g i n a t i s{ M .o r b i c u t a r i so r i s l 1
m e d i al M . s e r r a t u sa n t e r i o r l 1 7
m y l o p h a r y n g e a5
o b l i q u aI M . c r i c o t h y r o i d e u s6J
o r b i t a L i lsM o r b i c u t a r i so c u t i l 1
p a L p e b r a [ iIsM . o r b i c u t a r i s
o c u [ i J1
- p r o f u n d a{ M m a s s e t e r l4
- - ( M s p h i n c t e ra n i e x t e r n u s l2 2
- p t e r y g o p h a r y n g e5a
- r e c t aI M c r i c o t h y r o i d e u s5l
- s p i n a l i sl M d e l t o i d e u s l2 7
- s t e r n a t i s{ D i a p h r a g m a2) 1
- s t e r n o c o s t a LliM
s p e c t o r a t i sm a lofl z6
- s u b c u t a n e a[ M . s p h i n c t e ra n i e x t e r n u s J2 2
- s u p e r f i c i a l i s[ M m a s s e t e r l4
- - l M . s p h i n c t e ra n i e x t e r n u s l2 2
- s u p e r i o rl M s e r r a t u sa n t e r i o r J
17
- supraclavicuLar1
i s7 - 1 8
- t h y r o e p i g L o t t i c6a
- thyropharyngea
5
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- t r a n s v e r s al M n a s a t i s l 1
- - [ M t r a p e z i u s 1l 7
P e d u n c u t u cs e r e b r i 5 7
P e t v i cd i a p h r a g m2 2
P h a r y n g e acI o n s t r i c t o r s5
P h a r y n g e al [e v a t o rm u s c l e s 5
P h a r y n g e am
I u s c L e s5
P h a r y n x5 7
Ptatysma 1
Ptexus
- b r a c h i a l i s1 1 , 1 7 , 2 4 , 2 83, 0 - 3 6
- - b r a n c h e s2 4
- - supplyingareas 24
- c e r v i c a [ i s8 , 1 0 - 1 2 ,1 7 ,2 1 ,5 7
- - b r a n c h e s7
- - innervation
o f t h e m u s c t e s7
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0
mr rcrlac
P a t a t u m5 7
P a t m a r ,m u s c l e s 3 7
Pars
- a b d o m i n a t i sl M p e c t o r a t i s
major) 25
- a c r o m i a t i sI M . d e t t o i d e u s 2
J7
- a t a r i s[ M . n a s a l i s l 1
-
crrnnlvinnero:c
7
- coccygeus
40
- l u m b a l i s1 5 , 4 0 , 4 2 , 4 5
- lumbosacratis,
supptying
areas
40
- ophthalmicus
57
- pharyngeus
lN.gLossopharyng e u s l3 ,5
- - l N v a g u s5) , 8
PIexus
- s a c r a l i s 2 2 , l r 0 ,1 + 3 , 4 6
- t y m p a n i c u s5 7
PIica
- p e t r o c l i n o i d eaan t e r i o r 5 7
- - p o s t e r i o r5 7
P o i n to f c A N N o N - B o H M
57
Pons 57
P o r u sa c u s t i c u si n t e r n u s 5 7
P r e v e r t e b r am
l uscles 12
Pronatio
- l A r t i c u t a t i oc u b i t i ] 2 3
- l A r t i c u t a t i ot a t o t a r s a t i s3i 9
P u n c t u mn e r v o s u m7
P y r a m i s5 7
R
R a d i o u I n ajro i n t
- d i s t a Is A r t i c u t a t i or a d i o u l n a r i s
di s t a I i s
- p r o x i m a ls A r t i c u t a t i or a d i o u t n a r i sp r o x i m a t i s
R a d i x-lc e s )
- a n t e r i o rl A n s ac e r v i c a t i s l7
- c r a n i a [ i sl N . a c c e s s o r i u s 5] 7
- e x t e r n u s[ N t a r y n g e u ss u p e r i o r l
- i n f e r i o r( A n s ac e r v i c a t i s 7
l
- s p i n a t e sl N . a c c e s s o r i u s 5l 7
- s u p e r i o r[ A n s ac e r v i c a l i s l7
Ramus{-il
- a n t e r i o rI N o b t u r a t o r i u s l4 0
- a n t e r i o r e sl N n . s p i n a t e s l2 0
- catcaneilatera[es 40
- - m e d i a t e s4 0
- c o m m u n l c a n sc u m n e r v oz y g o matico 57
- - f i b u [ a r i sI N f i b u t a r i sc o m m u nisl 40
Ramus[-i]
- c u t a n e ia n t e r i o r e s[ N . f e m o r a t i s l
40
- - c r u r i s m e d i a [ e sI N . s a p h e n u s )
40
- c u t a n e u s{ N o b t u r a t o r i u s J4 0
- d i g a s t r i c u s{ N f a c i a t i s J9
- e x t e r n u s( N . l a r y n g e u sr e c u r rensl 6
- f e m o r a l i s{ N . g e n i t o f e m o r a [ i s )
40
- g e n i t a t i sI N . g e n i t o f e m o r a t i s l
40
- i n f r a p a t e t l a r i(sN s a p h e n u s l4 0
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2/+
- - ( P t e x u sc e r v i c a t i s 7
l
- - ( P t e x u st u m b a t i s )1 6
- m u s c u [ is t y l o p h a r y n g el Ni . g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u s5l
- [ N . o b t u r a t o r i u s ]4 0
- p h a r y n g e a l e[sN . g l o s s o p h a r y n geusl3,5
- - [ N v a g u s l3 , 5
- p o s t e r i o rl N o b t u r a t o r i u s l4 0
- p o s t e r i o r e s[ N n .c e r v i c a t e s2l 0
- - l N n l u m b a t e s l2 0
- - l N n s p i n a t e s l2 0
- - l N n t h o r a c i c i l2 0
- p r o f u n d u s[ N . p l a n t a r i st a t e r a t i s l
40
- - l N r a d i a t i s )3 5
- - [ N .u t n a r i s l3 6 , 3 8
- s t y l o h y o i d e u(sN f a c i a t i s )9
- s u p e r f i c i a t i(sN p l a n t a r i sl a t e r atisl 1+0
- - [N.utnarisl38
- ventrateslAnsa cervicalis] 9
- - l P l e x u s c e r v i c a l i s1J2
R e g i oo t f a c t o r i a5 7
Retina57
Retroversio
- l A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e l3 9
- l A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i l 2 3
Rotatio
- e x t e r n al A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e l 3 9
- - [Articu[atio
g e n u s )3 9
- - l A r t i c u l a t i oh u m e r i l 2 3
- i n t e r n al A r t i c u t a t i oc o x a e l 3 9
- - l A r t i c u l a t i og e n u s ] 3 9
- - l A r t i c u t a t i oh u m e r i l 2 3
s
S c a l e n u sm u s c t e s 1 1
Sclera57
S h o u L d ej o
r i n t s . A r t i c u [ a t i oh u m e r i
Sinus
- c a r o t i c u s5 7
- cavernosus 57
- m a x i t t a r i s5 7
- s p h e n o i d a t i s5 7
S o L eo f t h e f o o t ,m u s c t e s l,a t e r a [ 5 4
S p i n o c o s t aml u s c l e s 1 9
S S Al s p e c i f i cs o m a t i ca f f e r e n c e l5 6
S t e r n o c t a v i c u [ jaori n t s . A r t i c u t a t i o
s t e r n o c [ a v i c urtias
S u[ c u s
- a n t e r o [ a t e r a [ i s5 7
- n e r v io c u t o m o t o r i 5
i 7
- posterolateratis(retrootivarisl57
Supinatio
- l A r t i c u t a t i oc u b i t i l 2 3
- [Articutatio
talotarsalis3
)9
Suprahyoid
musctes
- i n f e r i o r1 0
- superior9
SVAlspecificvisceraIafferencel 56
I f f e r e n c e l5 6
S V EI s p e c i f i cv i s c e r a e
S y m p h y s i sp u b i c a 3 9
S y n d e s m o s itsi b i o f i b u t a r i s3 9
T
T e c t u mm e s e n c e p h a t5i 7
T e n t o r i u mc e r e b e l t i5 7
, u s c t e s3 6
T h e n a re m i n e n c em
T h i g h ,m u s c l e s v, e n t r a l 4 4
T o n s i [ [ ap a l a t i n a5 7
Trigonum
- l u m b o c o s t a l e2 1
- s t e r n o c o s t a [ e2 1
'18
T r u n k -a r m m u s c l e s
T r u n k - s h o u L d egri r d l em u s c t e s 1 7
TubercuLum
c u n e a t u m5 7
v
V a g i n an e r v io p t i c i 5 7
Venter
- a n t e r i o r{ M .d i g a s t r i c u s )9 , 5 7
- frontalis1
- i n f e r i o r( M . o m o h y o i d e u s1l 0
- o c c i p i t a l i s' l
- p o s t e r i o rI M . d i g a s t r i c u s l9 , 5 7
- s u p e r i o r{ M .o m o h y o i d e u s1) 0
w
W r i s tj o i n t l s l 2 3
- axes 23
- d i s t a Is . A r t i c u t a t i om e d i o c a r p a l i s
- p t a n e so f m o v e m e n t s2 3
- p r o x i m a sI . A r t i c u t a t i or a d i o c a r p aI i s