0.0899*
20.268
14.025
1
1
18
2
0.1787*
4.215
0.95 (at26atm)
1.01
1
Helium
Hydrogen
H
1s¹
3
0.53
1615
453.7
6.94
1
Lithium
1.85
2745
1560
2
4
9.01
Boiling point, K
22.99
1
1.74
1363
922
[Ne]3s¹
[Ne]3s²
19
20
Mg
1
1.55
1757
1112
Symbol (1)
Electron
configuration
40.08
2
3
21
3.0
3104
1812
44.96
3
4.50
3562
1943
4
22
47.90
4 3
6.2
3682
2175
5
23
50.94
5 4 3 2
6
24
7.15
2945
2173
52.00
6 3 2
7
25
7.43
2335
1517
54.94
7 6 4 3 2
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Mn
[Ar]4s¹
[Ar]4s²
[Ar]3d¹4s²
[Ar]3d²4s²
[Ar]3d34s²
[Ar]3d54s¹
[Ar]3d54s²
K
1.53
961
312.64
37
Ca
85.47
1
2.6
1650
1041
38
Sc
87.62
2
39
4.5
3611
1799
Ti
88.91
3
6.49
4682
2125
40
V
91.22
4
8.55
5173
2740
41
Cr
92.91
5 3
10.2
5833
2893
42
95.94
6 5 4 3 2
43
11.5
4538
2473
7.86
3135
1809
8
26
55.85
3 2
Iron
(98)
7
12.2
4423
2607
9
27
8.90
3201
1768
58.93
3 2
58.70
3 2
Co
Ni
Cu
[Ar]3d74s²
[Ar]3d84s²
[Ar]3d104s1
101.07
45
12.4
3970
2236
102.91
4 3 2
46
12.0
3237
1825
106.4
4 2
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
[Kr]5s¹
[Kr]5s²
[Kr]4d¹5s²
[Kr]4d²5s²
[Kr]4d45s¹
[Kr]4d55s¹
[Kr]4d65s1
[Kr]4d75s1
[Kr]4d85s1
75
76
1.87
944
301.55
55
132.91
1
Cesium
950
300
3.5
2171
1002
56
137.33
Zr
57-71
13.1
4876
2500
2
72
Nb
178.49
4
16.6
6373
3269
73
Mo
180.95
5
19.3
6173
3693
74
183.85
6 5 4 3 2
Ru
Tc
21.0
5869
3453
186.21 22.6
5285
7 6 4 2 -1 3400
190.2
8 6 4 3 2
Rh
22.65
4701
2716
77
192.22
6 4 3 2
78
21.4
4100
2045
195.09
4 2
Cs
Ba
[Xe]6s¹
[Xe]6s²
[Xe]4f145d²6s²
[Xe]4f145d36s²
[Xe]4f145d46s²
[Xe]4f145d56s²
[Xe]4f145d66s²
[Xe]4f145d76s²
1
Francium
5.5
2010
973
88
226.03
89-103
Radium
Fr
Ra
[Rn]7s¹
[Rn]7s²
104
-
2
(261)
105
-
(262)
106
-
26.98
3
19.3
3130
1337.58
79
3 1
1.82
550
4 317.30
28.09
200.59
2 1
±2,4,6
3.17*
239.1
172.16
1s²2s²p6
17
35.45
±1,3,5,7
57
6.7
3730
1193
138.91
3
Lanthanum
6.78
3699
1071
58
140.12
3 4
Cerium
La
Ce
[Xe]5d¹6s²
[Xe]4f¹5d¹6s²
10.07
3473
1323
89
227.03
3
11.7
5061
2028
90
6.77
3785
1204
59
140.91
3 4
CI
Ar
[Ne]3s²p4
[Ne]3s²p5
[Ne]3s²p6
31
32
33
34
35
P
69.72
3
5.32
3107
1210.4
72.59
4
49
114.82
3
5.72
876 (subl.)
1081 (28atm.)
S
74.92
±3,5
4.80
958
494
78.96
-2,4,6
3.12
332.25
265.9
79.90
±1,5
60
3
Praseodymium Neodymium
232.04
4
15.4
-
Pr
Nd
[Xe]4f36s²
[Xe]4f46s²
91
231.04
5 4
18.90
4407
1405
92
238.03
6 5 4 3
6.475
3273
1204
61
(145)
3
7.54
2064
1345
62
150.4
3 2
5.26
1870
1090
63
151.96
3 2
Ge
As
Bromine
Krypton
[Ar]3d104s2p2
[Ar]3d104s2p3
[Ar]3d104s2p4
[Ar]3d104s2p5
[Ar]3d104s2p6
7.30
2876
505.06
50
118.69
4,2
51
6.68
1860
904
Se
121.75
±3,5
6.24
1261
722.65
52
Br
127.60
-2,4,6
4.92
458.4
386.8
53
Kr
126.90
±1,5,7
In
Sn
I
Xe
[Kr]4d105s2p1
[Kr]4d105s2p2
[Kr]4d105s2p3
[Kr]4d105s2p4
[Kr]4d105s2p5
[Kr]4d105s2p6
11.85
1746
577
81
204.37
3 1
Pt
Au
[Xe]4f145d106s1
[Xe]4f145d106s2
8.27
3496
1630
65
158.93
4 3
8.54
2835
1682
66
11.4
2023
600.6
82
Sb
207.2
9.8
1837
4,2 544.52
83
Te
208.98
3,5
9.4
1235
527
84
(209)
4,2
85
610
575
Xenon
(210)
±1,3,5,7
Tl
Pb
Astatine
At
Rn
[Xe]4f145d106s2p1
[Xe]4f145d106s2p2
[Xe]4f145d106s2p3
[Xe]4f145d106s2p4
[Xe]4f145d106s2p5
[Xe]4f145d106s2p6
67
164.93
3
Bi
Holmium
Erbium
[Xe]4f56s²
[Xe]4f66s²
[Xe]4f76s²
[Xe]4f75d16s²
[Xe]4f96s²
[Xe]4f106s²
[Xe]4f116s²
20.4
910
93
237.05
6 5 4 3
19.8
3503
913
94
(244)
6 5 4 3
13.6
2880
1268
95
(243)
6 5 4 3
Gd
13.511
1340
96
Tb
(247)
3
-
97
Ho
Dy
(247)
4 3
900
98
(251)
3 -
99
(252)
-
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
[Rn]6d¹7s²
[Rn]6d²7s²
[Rn]5f²6d¹7s²
[Rn]5f36d¹7s²
[Rn]5f46d¹7s²
[Rn]5f67s²
[Rn]5f77s²
[Rn]5f76d17s²
[Rn]5f97s²
[Rn]5f107s²
U
3
Dysprosium
Protactinium
Pa
167.26
Terbium
Thorium
Th
68
Gadolinium
Actinium
Ac
9.05
3136
1795
Europium
Eu
Np
Pu
Am Cm
Bk
Cf
(222)
Polonium
Samarium
Sm
86
Bismuth
Promethium
Pm
211
202
Lead
8.80
2968
3 1743
162.50
131.30
Iodine
[Xe]4f145d96s1
3
54
Tellurium
Thallium
157.25
5.89*
165.03
161.36
Antimony
Mercury
64
83.80
Tin
Gold
7.89
3539
1585
36
Selenium
Po
Radon
(263)
144.24
3.74*
119.8
115.78
Arsenic
[Rn]5f146d47s²
7.00
3341
1289
39.95
[Ne]3s²p3
Si
Unq Unp Unh
[Rn]5f146d37s²
18
Argon
Unnilquadium* Unnilpentium* Unnilhexium*
[Rn]5f146d²7s²
1.784*
87.3
83.8
[Ne]3s²p2
7.31
2346
429.76
Hg
32.06
Ne
[Ne]3s²p1
Ga
80
16
F
Chlorine
[Ar]3d104s2p1
13.53
630
234.28
±3,5,4
2.07
717.75
388.36
Neon
Sulfur
[Ar]3d104s2
2
30.97
20.18
Phosphorus
Zn
112.41
15
10
Silicon
Cd
196.97
14
2.33
2628
1685
O
0.901*
27.096
24.553
Aluminium
[Kr]4d105s2
Platinum
(223)
13
[Kr]4d105s1
Iridium
87
1s²2s²p5
Germanium
48
-1
1s²2s²p4
N
Gallium
8.65
1040
594.18
1s²
19.00
1s²2s²p3
C
Ag
Osmium
Ir
1
-2
1.696*
84.95
53.48
1s²2s²p2
[Kr]4d10
Rhenium
Os
107.87
16.00
1s²2s²p1
5.91
2478
302.90
Zinc
±3,5,4,2
1.429*
90.18
50.35
Fluorine
Pd
Tungsten
Re
47
10.5
2436
1234
2
14.01
Oxygen
Al
65.38
±4,2
1.251*
77.35
63.14
He
17
9
Nitrogen
Indium
Tantalum
W
7.14
1180
692.73
12
30
12.01
16
8
Carbon
Cadmium
Hafnium
Ta
2.26 (Graphite)
3 4.020 (subl.)
Silver
Barium
Hf
2 1
[Ar]3d64s²
Yttrium
Y
63.55
Fe
Strontium
Sr
8.96
2836
1357.6
Copper
Rubidium
Rb
11
29
Nickel
8 6 4 3 2
10.81
15
7
Boron
2.70
2793
933.25
Cobalt
44
14
6
B
10
28
8.90
3187
1726
13
5
2.34
4275
2300
(1) black = solid, red = gas, blue = liquid, grey = synthetically prepared
(2) Based upon carbon -12. Values in brackets indicate most stable or best
known isotope.
(3) Entries marked with asterisks refer to the gaseous state at 273 K and
1 atm and are given in units of g/l.
(4) blue = not radioactive, orange = radioactive
(5) Names and symbols marked with asterisks are those recommended
by IUPAC as systematic alternatives to those suggested by the
purported discoverers. Berkley (USA) researchers have proposed
Rutherfordium (Rf) for element 104, Hahnium (Ha) for element
105 and Seaborgium (Sg) for element 106. Dubna (USSR) researchers,
who also claim the discovery of these elements have proposed different
names (and symbols).
2
Magnesium
39.10
Atomic weight (2)
Oxidation states
(Bold most stables)
[Kr]4d55s¹
24.31
Sodium
Na
95.94
6 5 4 3 2
Mo
Name (5)
12
42
Molybdenum
Melting point, K
1s²2s²
11
10.2
5833
2893
Density (3) at
300 K (g/cm³)
Be
1s²2s¹
0.86
1032
336.35
Atomic number (4)
2
Beryllium
Li
0.97
1156
371.0
4.00
-
9.33
2220
1818
69
168.93
3 2
6.98
1467
1097
70
173.04
3 2
9.84
3668
1936
71
174.97
3
Er
Thulium
Tm
Ytterbium
Lutetium
[Xe]4f126s²
[Xe]4f136s²
[Xe]4f146s²
[Xe]4f145d16s²
100
(257)
-
-
101
Yb
(258)
-
-
102
Lu
(259)
-
-
103
(260)
-
Es
Fermium
Fm
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
[Rn]5f117s²
[Rn]5f127s²
[Rn]5f137s²
[Rn]5f147s²
[Rn]5f146d17s²
Md
No
Lr
Strong metals.
Whether it's high temperatures, aggressive chemicals or extreme mechanical loading: when conventional materials come up against their limits, molybdenum,
tungsten, tantalum, niobium and chromium take over. For more than 90 years, we have been working with these refractory metals. We know exactly what they
are capable of and can manufacture even the most complex products out of them. To make sure that the properties of our materials precisely meet your
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7000986 - EN 10.12 (2000)