Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
advertisement
Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Tree Wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India: An updated checklist Chintala Sudhakar Reddy 1 Kamasani Narasimha Reddy 2 Elagonda Narasimha Murthy 3 Vatsavaya Satyanarayana Raju 3 1 Forestry & Ecology Division, National Remote Sensing Centre. Balanagar, Hyderabad -500 037, India. E-mail: csreddy_nrsa@rediffmail.com 2 3 Laila Impex, R&D Centre, Unit-1, Phase-3, Jawahar Autonagar. Vijayawada 520 007, India. Plant Systematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal - 506 009, India. Abstract: A checklist of all indigenous and naturalized trees of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh State, India was made. There are as many as 510 taxa (73 families, 252 genera) in the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh State which here enumerated under family names alphabetically. The nomenclature of the taxa is updated. The popular name, trade name, tree height, vegetation type, and district-wise distribution to each taxon are provided in tabular form. Country of origin / nativity was provided for exotic species. Of the total 510 indigenous/naturalised species, 40% are distributed in a wide variety of vegetation types. Introduction Trees are the major constituents of forests and have been called the structural elements of the ecosystem. A tree, by forester’s and ecologist's definition, is a woody plant that attains diameter of 10cm (30cm girth) or more at the breast height (130cm above ground). The trees differ from other plants in having cambium tissue that accounts for the woody nature of the stem. Shrubs, which are also woody, differ from trees as the first branch extensively from the base near the ground while the trees branch much above and usually have a single stem emerging from the ground level. Trees provide basic needs of human beings in the form of air, food, timber, plywood, paper, fuel wood, medicine etc. They form the most noticeable living objects. In the absence of a detailed database of tree wealth Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, the present study has been undertaken Material and Methods The Eastern Ghats are isolated hill ranges in Peninsular India, that harbours primarily tropical deciduous vegetation, found in eastern parts of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh (lying between 13°30' 19°07' N and 77°28' - 84°45' E) covers a hilly terrain of Coastal Andhra with nine districts: Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari (north coastal districts), Guntur, Krishna, Nellore, Prakasam (south coastal districts) and (2) Rayalaseema with four Ceded districts: Anantapur, Chittoor, Cuddapah and Kurnool (3) Telangana (Deccan) with 3 districts: Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda (Figure 1). The wide range of topography and other physical features of the Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh State, provided by the hills raising to about 1527 m altitude, shaped the land to harbour rich and varied flora. The principal geological formations were Charnockites and Khondalites in northern part and Quartzites and Slate formations (Cuddapah basin) in southern part. The rainfall varies in between 600 mm in southern Eastern Ghats to 1700 mm in northern Eastern Ghats. The forests in the Ghats are broadly classified into Tropical Dry Deciduous, Tropical Moist Deciduous, Tropical Semi-Evergreen, Tropical Thorn (scrub) and Tropical Dry Evergreen types (Champion & Seth, 1968). The number of 173 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES flowering plant taxa occurring in the Andhra Pradesh is 2750 (Gamble & Fischer 1935, Pullaiah et al., 1997, Reddy et al. 2001, Reddy et al. 2002, Reddy & Raju, 2006). Information from three sources was utilized to prepare a checklist: specimens deposited in various herbaria, taxonomic literature, and field surveys. Information of species presents family and genus-wise alphabetically arranged (Table 1). Additional information such as popular (Telugu) and trade names, tree height (large, medium or small), vegetation type, district-wise distribution in the Eastern Ghats of State are provided. Figure 1. Map of India showing Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh state. 174 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Results and Discussion The present article records 510 trees, which pertain to 252 genera of 73 families of flowering plants. Of the 73 families, 20 are represented by single species and 12 with more than 11 species. Euphorbiaceae is the dominant family with 60 species, followed by Rubiaceae (38), Moraceae (27), Mimosaceae (25), Verbenaceae (21), Rutaceae (20). Caesalpiniaceae (17), Tiliaceae (16), Meliaceae (13), Cordiaceae (12), Lauraceae (12), Papilionaceae (12). They add up to 273 species (53 %). Tree height is ranges from 61 % of small trees, 28 % of medium sized and 11 % of large trees. Of the total 510 indigenous/naturalised species, 40 % are distributed in a wide variety of vegetation types (i.e. are ‘wide niched’ or ‘generalists’) while 60 % are restricted to single vegetation type (i.e. are ‘narrow niched’ or ‘habitat specialists’). Vegetation type wise analysis reveals that, nearly 61.2 % of the taxa inhabit moist deciduous forests, 42.4 % of in dry deciduous forests, 32.2 % of in semievergreen forests, 10.2 % in thorn forests and dry evergreen (1 %). Of these, moist deciduous forests contain 74 exclusive species, followed by dry deciduous forests (45), semievergreen (42) and thorn (22). The district-wise analysis of Eastern Ghats shows that 201 species were common to all the districts. Visakhapatnam with 329 taxa tops the list, followed by East Godavari (252), Chittoor (244), Cuddapah (236), and Kurnool (229). The large number of reports from the above districts may be due to more exploratory studies and/ or their geographic locations. ———————————————— Table 1. Checklist of tree wealth of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India. Sl. Botanical name Aceraceae 1 Acer niveum Blume Alangiaceae 2 Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms (A.begonifolium Baillon) 3 A. salvifolium (L.f.) Wangerin ssp. salvifolium (A. decapetalum Lam.) 4 A.hexapetalum Lam. Anacardiaceae 5 Anacardium occidentale L. 6 7 8 Buchanania axillaris (Desr.) Ramam.(B. angustifolia Roxb.) B. lanzan Spreng. Tree Height Vegetation type Distribution Large Semievergreen forests VSKP Small Thorn forests VJN,VSKP Small Thorn forests and hedges All districts Small Thorn forests and hedges All districts Medium Cultivated; naturalised in forests Deciduous forests All districts All districts Deciduous forests All districts Deciduous forests All districts Deciduous forests/cultivated Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Thorn forests All districts Small Small to medium Medium 9 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Mangifera indica L. 10 Nothopegia heyneana (Hook.f) Small 11 Rhus mysorensis G.Don Small 12 R. paniculata Wall ex Hook.f Small 13 14 Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz (S. Small Medium Medium Hills of Moist Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and VSKP All districts All districts All districts CDP 175 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name Tree Height Vegetation type Distribution mangifera Willd..) Annonaceae 15 Alphonsea madraspatana Bedd. Medium 16 A. sclerocarpa Thw. Medium 17 Annona reticulata L. Small 18 A. squamosa L. Small 19 Miliusa montana Gardn.ex Hook.f. & Thoms. M. tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair (Saccopetalum tomentosum Hook.f. & Thoms.) M. velutina Hook.f. & Thoms Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.)Bedd. P. suberosa (Roxb.)Thw. Uvaria hamiltonii Hook.f. & Thoms. Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Cultivated/Naturalised in skirts of villages and Thorn forests Cultivated/Naturalised in skirts of villages and Thorn forests Deciduous forests Medium Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, KNL. Medium Small Small Small Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Hills of Moist Deciduous forests VSKP,KNL,NLR. All districts. N. Coastal districts. EG, VSKP Apocynaceae 25 Alstonia nerifoloia D.Don Small EG 26 A. scholaris (L.) R.Br Large 27 A. venenata R. Br Small 28 Carissa carandas L. Small Hills of Moist Deciduous forests Moist deciduous forests/ cultivated Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Thorn forests 29 Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold (Thevetia nerifolia Juss.) Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. ex G.Don (H. antidysenmterica Wall. ex DC.) Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.(W. tomentosa Roem. & Schult) Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Small Cultivated / Naturalised N. coastal districts; Cultivated in all districts N. Coastal districts, CDP,KMM VSKP, EG, WG, & KSN,CDP All districts Small Deciduous forests All districts Small Deciduous forests All districts Small to medium Dry deciduous and Thorn forests All districts Small Small Small Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, EG VSKP, EG, WG NLG, MBN, GNT, CDP Very large Thorn forests; Disturbed localities, Aggressive colonizer Moist deciduous forests/ cultivated All districts 20 21 22 23 24 30 31 32 Araliaceae 33 Schefflera clarkiana Craib 34 S. roxburghii Gamble 35 S. venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Arecaceae 36 Borassus flabellifer L. 37 Caryota urens L. Semievergreen forests Very large VSKP, CDP VJN,VSKP, EG, CTR,CDP. All districts All districts NLR,CDP All districts 176 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 38 39 Phoenix lourierii Kunth (P. humilis Royle) P. robusta (Becc) Becc & Hook.f. 40 P. sylvestris Roxb. Balanitaceae 41 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.(B. roxburghii Planch.) Barringtoniaceae 42 Barringtonia acutangula(L.) Gaertn.subsp. acutangula Bignoniaceae 43 Dolichandrone arcuata (Wight) Clarke 44 D. atrovirens (Roth.) Sprague (D. crispa Seem) 45 D. falcata (Wall. Ex DC.) Seem 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 D. falcata Seem var. lawii (Seem) Haines Heterophargma quadriloculare (Roxb.) Schum. (H. roxburghii DC.) Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) Schum. Stereospermum angustifolium Haines S. personatum (Hassk.) Chatterjee (S. chelonoides auct. non (L.F.) DC.) S. suaveolens (Roxb.) DC. Bombacaceae 54 Bombax ceiba L.(B. malabaricum DC.) 55 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Burseraceae 56 Boswellia ovalifoliolata Balk.ex Henry 57 Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.(B. glabra Roxb.) 58 Commiphora berryi (Arn.) Engler 59 Commiphora caudata (Wight & Arn.) Engler (Protium caudatum Wight & Arn.) 60 Garuga pinnata Roxb. 61 Protium serratum (Colebr.) Engler Buxaceae 62 Sarcococca trinervia Wight Tree Height Small Vegetation type Distribution All districts Very large Disturbed places; Thorn forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Disturbed places; Thorn forests Small Thorn forests All districts Medium River banks & streams in Dry deciduous forests All districts. Medium Deciduous forests Rayalaseema, MBN Small Deciduous forests Rayalaseema & NLR Small All districts Small Thorn forests & dry Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Medium Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, WG & KMM Medium Small Large Cultivated / Naturalised Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests All districts All districts KMM, CTR, VSKP, EG, WG N.Coastal districts All districts Large Small Small to medium Medium VSKP, CDP, NLR, WG All districts CDP All districts Large to very large Medium Dry deciduous forests/cultivated All districts Cultivated / Naturalised All districts Medium Deciduous forests Nallamalais, CTR Medium Deciduous forests All districts Small Medium Deciduous forests Dry deciduous forests/cultivated KSN,GNT All districts Medium Medium to large Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts VSKP, EG, WG and KNL Small Semievergreen forests VSKP, EG 177 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name Caesalpiniaceae 63 B. malabarica Roxb. Tree Height Vegetation type Distribution Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, WG,CTR, KNL, KMM, All districts 64 B. purpurea L Medium to large Medium 65 B. racemosa Lam Small 66 Small 67 Bauhinia semla Wunderin (B. retusa Ham. ex Roxb.) B. tomentosa L. Small 68 B. variegata L. var. variegata Medium 69 70 71 72 73 74 Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Cassia alata L. Cassia fistula L. C. montana Heyne ex Roth C. suffruticosa Koen ex Roth C. surattensis Burm. f. (C .glauca Lam) Delonix elata Gamble D. regia Raf. Hardwickia binata Roxb. Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde (S. indica L.) Tamarindus indica L. Small Small Small Small Small Small 75 76 77 78 79 Capparaceae 80 Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce (C. indica Lam.) 81 Cadaba trifoliata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. 82 Capparis brevispina DC. 83 Capparis divaricata Lam. 84 C. grandis L.f. 85 Crateva magna (Lour.) DC.(C. religiosa sensu Dunn) 86 Maerua apetala (Roth) Jacobs Celastraceae 87 Cassine glauca (Rottb.) O. Kuntz (Elaeodendron roxburghii Wight & Arn.) 88 Euonymus glaber Roxb. 89 Maytenus emarginata (Willd..) Ding Hou (Gymnosporia emarginata (Willd..)Thw., G. montana (Roth) Benth.) 90 M. heyneana (Roth) Raju & Babu 91 M. hookeri Loes Medium Medium Large Small Dry deciduous forests/Cultivated Thorn & Dry Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Dry deciduous forests/Cultivated Dry deciduous forests/Cultivated Cultivated / Naturalised Cultivated / naturalised Thorn & dry Deciduous Thorn forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts VSKP, KMM All districts All districts All districts EG, VSKP All districts Rayalaseema All districts CTR Cultivated / Naturalised Cultivated / Naturalised Deciduous forests Moist deciduous forests / Cultivated Cultivated / Naturalised in Thorn and degraded forests All districts All districts All districts VSKP, SKLM (endangered) Small Thorn forests & hedges. All districts Small Deciduous forests NLR,KNL,CDP. Small Small Small Small VSKP,NLR. All districts. EG, KMM, GNT,KNL. All districts Small Deciduous forests Thorn forests Thorn forests Riverbanks, outskirts of villages/planted in Temples & Ghats, Thorn forests Deciduous forests All districts Small Deciduous forests All districts Medium Small Semievergreen forests Dry deciduous and Thorn forests VJN, SKLM All districts Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, CTR Small Small All districts VSKP 178 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 92 M. rufa (Wall.) Hara. Tree Height Small 93 Pleurostylia opposita (Wall.) Alston Small 94 Salacia chinensis L. Small 95 Siphondon celastrinus Griff Small Clusiaceae 96 Calophyllum inophyllum L. Medium 97 Medium Garcinia spicata (Wight & Arn.) Hook.f. 98 G. xanthochymus Hook.f. ex.T. And. (G. tinctoria (DC) Wight) 99 Mesua ferrea L. (M. nagassarium (Burm.f.) Kosterm) Cochlospermaceae 100 Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Combretaceae 101 Anogeissus acuminata (Roxb. ex DC.) 102 A. latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall ex Guill. & Perr. 103 Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth.(T. tomentosa (Roxb ex DC.) Wight & Arn.) 104 T. arjuna (Roxb ex DC.) Wight & Arn. Distribution Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, KMM Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, EG, NLR, CDP, CTR North Coastal districts VSKP, EG Large Moist deciduous forests/ cultivated Moist Deciduous, Semievergreen Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Medium Deciduous forests All districts Large Streams of dry deciduous forests and coastal forests Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, GNT, KSN Large Large EG, WG,VSKP, NLR, CDP, MBN Costal NLR VSKP, SKLM, VJN, EG SKLM All districts Large Deciduous and Semievergreen forests All districts Large River banks & Streams in Dry deciduous forests (Riparian forests) Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Cultivated / naturalised Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests All districts 105 T.bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Large 106 107 T. catappa L. T.chebula Retz. Medium Large 108 109 110 111 T. coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. T. gella Dalz. T. pallida Brandis T. paniculata Roth Medium Medium Small Medium Cordiaceae 112 Cordia dichotoma Forst.(C. obliqua Willd..) 113 C. domestica Roth 114 C. evolutior (Clarke) Gamble 115 C. gharaf (Forssk.) Ehrenb.(C. rothii Roem. & Schult.) 116 C. macleodii Hook. F & Thoms 117 C. monoica Roxb. 118 C. wallichii G. Don 119 Ehretia acuminata R. Br. Vegetation type Small All districts All districts All districts VSKP, EG, KNL ATP,KNL,GNT, NLG CDP, CTR CDP, CTR, VSKP All districts Small Medium Small Dry deciduous forests & hedges/cultivated Thorn forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Small Small Medium Small Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and KMM All districts KMM VSKP CDP. WG KNL, KSN Rayalaseema 179 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 120 E. aspera Willd. 121 E. canarensis (Clarke) Gamble 122 E. laevis Roxb. 123 E. pubescens Benth. Cycadaceae 124 Cyca sphaerica Roxb. 125 C. beddomei Dyer Tree Height Small Small Small Small Vegetation type Distribution Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts KMM. KNL, CTR All districts G19 Rayalseema, NLR Small Small Moist deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests N.Costal districts CDP, CTR Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Valleys in moist deciduous forests/ cultivated. Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, WG Hills of deciduous forests NLR, CTR, CDP Visakhapatnam Dilleniaceae 126 Dillenia aurea Smith Small 127 D. bracteata Wight Medium 128 D. indica L. Large 129 D. pentagyna Roxb. Large Dipterocarpaceae 130 Shorea robusta Gaertn.f. 131 S. roxburghii G.Don (S. talura Roxb.) 132 S. tumbuggaia Roxb. Ebenaceae 133 Diospyros assimilis Bedd. Medium to large Very large Large Large 134 135 D. candolleana D. chloroxylon Roxb. Small Small 136 137 Small Medium 138 139 D. ebenum J. Koenig ex Retz. D. exsculpta Buch.- Ham.(D. tomentosa Roxb.) D. melanoxylon Roxb. D. ovalifolia Wight Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Dry deciducous and Thorn forests Dry evergreen forests Deciduous forests Small Medium Deciduous forests Hills of deciduous forests 140 D. peregrina (Gaertn.) Guerke Medium 141 D. sylvatica Roxb. Medium CTR VSKP, EG, WG, CTR KMM, Nalamallais, VSKP, EG, WG. Rayalaseema VSKP, EG, WG All districts CTR Coastal districts All districts NLR. CDP, KNL, CTR, VSKP VSKP, EG, WG, CTR Maba buxifolia (Rotb.) A.L.Juss. (Diospyros ferrea (Willd..) Bakh) 143 M. neilgherrensis Wight Elaegnaceae 144 Elaeagnus caudata Schlecht ex Momiyama Elaeocarpaceae 145 Elaeocarpus lanceaefolius Roxb. Small Moist deciduous forests along streams Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Medium Deciduous forests Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP Large VSKP 146 Large Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and 142 E. lucidus Roxb. N. coastal districts N. coastal districts & KNL, CTR, CDP, NLR Cuddapah All districts 180 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 147 148 Tree Height Distribution Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests VSKP All districts E. tectorius (Laur.) Poir Sloanea sterculia (Benth.) Rehder & Wilson Erythroxylaceae 149 Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. Small Dry Deciduous/dry evergreen forests All districts Euphorbiaceae 150 Alchornea mollis Muell-Arg 151 Antidesma acidum Retz Small Small 152 A. bunius Spreng Small VSKP N. Coastal districts, CTR, CDP VSKP, EG 153 154 A. ghaesembilla Gaertn. A. menasu Miq. Small Medium 155 156 A. zeylanicum Lam Bischofia javanica Blume Small Medium 157 Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f) C.Fischer (B.rhamnoides (Retz) Muell-Arg) Bridelia cinerascens Gehrm Bridelia crenulata Roxb. Small Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests 158 159 Large Large Vegetation type Small Medium Small Small 162 163 B. hamiltoniana Muell-Arg. B. monoica (Lour.) Merr.(B. tomentosa Blume) B. montana (Roxb.) Willd. B. pubescens Kurz 164 165 166 B. retusa (L.) Spreng. Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Hook f. C. patulus (Roxb.) Muell-Arg. Medium Small Small 167 C. scabiosus Bedd. Small 168 169 Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thw. D. kurnoolensis V.Raju & Pullaiah Small Small 170 Drypetes assamica (Hook. f.) Pax. & Hoffon D. roxburghi: (Wall.) Hurusawa (Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.) Drypetes sepiaria (Wight & Arn.) Pax & Hoffm (Hemicyclia sepiaria Wight & Arn.) Epiprinus mallotiformis (Muell.Arg.) Croizat (Symphyllia mallotiformis Muell-Arg.) Euphorbia antiquorum L. Small 160 161 171 172 173 174 Small Medium Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts EG, VSKP All districts EG CTR, Nallamalais, EG, VSKP CDP, CTR, KNL, NLR Nallamalais, SKLM All districts EG, VSKP Medium Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Laterite soils of Thorn forests/hills Semievergreen forests Dry deciduous forests along streams Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests All districts VSKP Small Thorn forests, foot hills VSKP, CDP, KNL Small Deciduous forests EG, WG,VSKP Small Crevices of rocks on dry hills & Thorn All districts All districts All districts Coastal districts,CTR, CDP, KNL Rayalaseema VSKP,EG KNL VSKP KMM, CTR, CDP 181 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name Tree Height 175 E. barnhartii Croizat Small 176 E. caducifolia Haines Small 177 E. cattimandoo Elliot Small 178 E . ligularia Roxb.(E. nerifolia auct. non L.) Small 179 E. nivulia Buch-Ham Small 180 E. tirucalli L. Small 181 E. tortillis Rottl. ex Ainslie Small 182 Medium 183 Givoia rottleriformis Griff. (G. moluccana (L.) Sreem) Glochidion ellipticum Wight 184 G. tomentosum Dalz. Small 185 G. velutinum Wight Small 186 187 Small Small 188 189 G. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) Juss Homonia camberi (Haine ) Merr. (Lasiococca camberi Haine) H. retusa (Grahm) Muell.-Arg. H. riparia Lour 190 Jatropha curcas L. Small 191 Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Muell.Arg. Mallotus philippensis (Lam) Muell.Arg. M. rhamnifolius Muell-Arg. Medium Medium 197 Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.Arg. var. tomentosus Gamble Mallotus resinosus (Blanco) Merr. (M. muricatus Bedd.) Margaritaria indica (Dalz.) Airy Shaw P. emblica L. 198 199 P. indofischeri Bennet P. pinnatus (Wight) Webster Small Small 192 193 194 195 196 Small Small Small Medium Small Small Medium Medium Vegetation type forests/hedges Crevices of rocks on dry hills & Thorn forests/hedges Crevices of rocks on dry hills & Thorn forests/hedges Crevices of rocks on dry hills & Thorn forests/hedges Crevices of rocks on dry hills & Thorn forests/hedges Crevices of rocks on dry hills & Thorn forests/hedges Crevices of rocks on dry hills & Thorn forests/hedges Thorn forests, among rocks on hills; hedges Hills of dry deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Riparian forests Rocky ravines of moist forests Sandy river beds rocky crevices of streams in moist deciduous forests Hedges/fences & out skirts of villages Moist deciduous forests & semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Streams of moist deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Dry deciduous forests/ Cutivated Deciduous forests Thorn and dry deciduous Distribution Rayalaseema Rayalaseema KSN, KNL All districts All districts All districts CTR, NLR All districts VSKP EG, VSKP CTR, KNL, VSKP, EG All districts VSKP, CTR EG, KNR, KSN All districts All districts VSKP, EG, NLR, CTR All districts VSKP, EG, CTR Prakasham Chittoor Chittoor All districts CTR Rayalaseema, NLG, KSN 182 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 Botanical name (Chorisandra pinnata Wight) P. polyphyllus Willd. P. reticulatus Poir. Sapium eugeniifolium Buch.-Ham. S. insigne (Royle) Trimen Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. (Fluggea leucopyrus Willd.) S. virosa (Willd.) Bail. (Fluggea microcarpa Willd.) Suregada angustifolia (Bail. ex Muell.-Arg.) Airy Shaw (Gelonium lanceolatum auct-non Willd.) Suregada multiflora (Juss.) Bail. (Gelonium multiflorum Juss.) Symphyllia mallotiformis Muell.-Arg. Trewia nudiflora L. Flacourtiaceae 210 Casearia elliptica Willd.(C. tomentosa Willd..) 211 C. ovata (Lam.) Willd.(C. esulenta Roxb.) 212 C. graveolens Dalz. 213 Tree Height Small Small Small Small Small Small Vegetation type Distribution forests Deciduous forests Thorn forests and Hedges Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Dry Hills & Thorn forests GNT, KNL, CTR, CDP All districts All districts CDP, KNL, CTR, NLR All districts All districts Small Thorn & dry deciduous forests Deciduous forests Small Semievergreen forests SKLM, VSKP Small Small Deciduous forests Along streams in Semievergreen forests CDP, CTR SKLM, VSKP Small Deciduous forests All districts Small Deciduous forests NLR Small Deciduous forests Small Deciduous forests SKLM, VJN, VSKP,EG, WG, PKM. Most districts Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP Small VSKP, EG CTR, PKM, KNL, NLR, EG 215 Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (F. ramontchi L' Herit) Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. F. cataphracta Roxb. ex Willd. Homalium nepalense Benth. 216 H. zeylanicum (Gard.) Benth. Medium Scolopia crenata (Wight & Arn.) Clos. 218 Xylosma longifolium Clos Flindersiaceae 219 Chloroxylon swietenia Dc. Hernandiaceae 220 Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. (G.jacquinii Roxb.) Lauraceae 221 Actinodaphne madraspatana Bedd. ex Hook.f. 222 Besichmiedia roxburghiana Nees Medium Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Ravines in Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Small Semievergreen forests SKLM, VSKP Medium Deciduous forests All districts Medium Thorn forests and dry hills All districts Medium Moist deciduous & semievergreen forests Moist deciduous forests/cultivated Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Nallamalais, SKLM, VSKP 214 217 Small 223 B. sikkimenisis King ex. Hook.f. Small 224 225 Cinnamomum caudatum Nees Litsea deccanensis Gamble Small Medium CTR CTR, CDP CTR EG VSKP CDP, CTR 183 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 226 L. glutinosa (Lour) Robinson Tree Height Small 227 L. laeta (Nees) Hook f. Small 228 L. monopetala (Roxb.) Pers Medium 229 Neolitsea foliosa (Nees) Gamble Small 230 231 N.zeylanica (Nees) Merr. P. macrantha (Nees) Kosterm Medium Large 232 Phoebe wightii Meissn Medium Leeaceae 233 Leea indica (Burm.f) Merr. Loganiaceae 234 Strychnos nux-vomica L. 235 S. potatorum L.f. Lythraceae 236 L. parviflora Roxb. 237 L. reginae Roxb.(L. flos-reginae Retz., L. speciosa Pers.) 238 Lawsonia inermis L. 239 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. (W. floribunda Salisb.) Magnoliaceae 240 Michelia champaca L. Malvaceae 241 Hibiscus platanifolius (Willd..) Sweet 242 Kydia calycina Roxb. Distribution Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, EG, WG, KMM, CDP, NLR (Critically endangered) EG (ex Gamble) Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests EG, VSKP CTR VSKP VSKP VSKP, MBN Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, EG, WG, PKM, GNT, NLR Medium Medium Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts All districts Medium Medium Deciduous forests Moist deciduous forests/ cultivated Hedges/cultivated Thorn and dry evergreen forests All districts N. Coastal districts Medium Semievergreen forests / cultivated VSKP Small Deciduous forests Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Littoral forests/ cultivated VSKP, PKM, NLR, CTR, CDP Most districts Small Small 243 Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol.ex Corr. Melastomataceae 244 Memecylon edule Roxb. Small 245 M. gracile Bedd. Small 246 M. grande Retz. Small 247 M. lushingtonii Gamble Small 248 249 250 M. madgolense Gamble Memecylon molestum (Clarke) Cogn. M. umbellatum Burm.f. Small Small Small Meliaceae 251 Aglaia jainii Viswa.& Ramachan. Vegetation type Small Medium All districts All districts EG, KSN, PKM, GNT Streams of Deciduous and dry evergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Streams of Deciduous and dry evergreen forests All districts Semievergreen forests VSKP EG VSKP CTR VSKP CDR, CTR All districts. 184 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 252 Very large Medium 255 Aglaia eleagnoidea (Juss.) Benth. var. beddomei (Gamble) Nair Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker Azadirachta indica A. Juss.(Melia azadirachta L.) Chukrasia tabularis Adr. 256 Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. Small 257 258 Melia azedarach L. M. dubia Cav.(M. composita Willd.. ) Medium Large Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A.Juss. Toona ciliata Roem.(Cedrela toona Roxb.) 261 Trichilia connaroides (Wight & Arn.) Bentvelizen (Heynea trijnga Roxb. ex Sims.) 262 Walsura trifolia (A.Juss.) Harms (W. piscida Roxb.) Mimosaceae 263 A. campbelli Arnott Medium Large 253 254 259 260 Tree Height Medium Large Medium Vegetation type Distribution Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Cultivated / Naturalised in Thorn and degraded forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Cultivated / Naturalised Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Dry Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous & Semievergreen forests. VSKP,EG,KMM,MBN,KNL VSKP All districts CDP, CTR. N. Coastal districts, KMM,KNL,NLR All districts Nallamalais All districts VSKP VSKP, EG, WG Small Moist deciduous & semievergreen forests. VSKP, NLR, CTR, CDP Small Dry Deciduous forests 264 265 A.catechu (L.f.) Willd. Acacia eburnea (L.f.) Willd. Medium Small Dry Deciduous forests Dry Deciduous forests 266 267 268 A. farnesiana Willd. A. ferruginea DC. A. horrida (L.f.) Willd.(A.latronum (L.f.) Willd.) A. leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. A. nilotica (L.) Willd. ssp. indica Benth. (A. arabica Willd.) A. planifrons Wight & Arn. Small Small Small Thorn forests Dry Deciduous forests Dry Deciduous forests EG, WG,VSKP, NLR, CDP, MBN All districts Rayalaseema & KSN districts All districts CTR ATP,KNL,GNT ,NLG Medium Medium Dry Deciduous forests Cultivated / Naturalised All districts All districts Small A. polyacantha Willd.(A.suma (Roxb.) Buch-Ham ex Voigt) A. tomentosa Willd. A. torta (Roxb.) Craib Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin Medium Dry localities of Hills: Thorn forests Dry Deciduous forests ATP, KNL,GNT, KSN, NLG KSN, CTR Dry Deciduous forests Hills of Thorn forests Thorn, dry deciduous and dry evergreen forests Hills of Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, WG, CDP All districts All districts 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 Small Small Small A. chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.(A.stipulata (Roxb.) Boivin) A. lebbeck (L.) Willd. Medium Medium 279 A. odoratissima (L.f.) Benth.var. odoratissima A. procera (Roxb.) Benth. 280 281 A. thompsoni Brandis Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Medium Small 276 277 278 Medium Large Mostly cultivated; Runswild Deciduous forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Dry Deciduous forests Thorn forests All districts All districts All districts All districts Rayalaseema All districts 185 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name Arn. 282 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit (L. latisiliqua (L.) Gillis, L. glauca Willd.) 283 Mimosa hamata Willd. 284 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. 285 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce (P. spicigera L.) 286 P. chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (P. juliflora (Sw.) DC.) 287 Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. (X. dolabriformis Benth.) Moraceae 288 A. heterophyllus Lam.(A. integrifolia auct non L.f) 289 A. lacucha Buch-Ham. Tree Height Vegetation type Distribution Small Cultivated / Naturalised All districts Small Medium Small Thorn forests Cultivated / Naturalised Thorn forests, dry stony lands Naturalised in Distrubed places; Thorn forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests All districts All districts All districts Semievergreen forests/Cultivated Semievergreen forests/Cutivated Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Plains & forests/cultivated Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Damp localities of waste lands & Thorn forests Forests & outskirts of villages/cultivated Hills of dry Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous & semievergreen forests Cultivated / naturalised Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests VSKP, EG Small Medium Large Large Small 291 Cudrania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kodo & Masam Ficus amplissima Smith 292 F. arnottiana (Miq.) Miq Small 293 F. asperrima Roxb. Medium 294 F. auriculata Lour Medium 295 296 F. benghalensis L. F. dalhousiae Miq Large Medium 297 F. exasperata Vahl Small 298 F. hispida L.f. Small 299 Medium Large 301 F. microcarpa L.f. (F. retusa auct.non L.) F. mollis Vahl (F. tomentosa Roxb. ex Willd.) F. nervosa Heyne ex.Roth 302 F. oligodon Miq. Medium 303 F. palmata Forssk. Small 304 F. racemosa L. (F. glomerata Roxb.) Medium 305 306 F. religiosa L. F. rumphii Blume Medium Medium 307 F. semicordata Buch-Ham ex Smith (F. cunia Buch-Ham ex-Roxb.) F. talboti King F. tinctoria Forster f.(F. gibbosa Medium 290 300 308 309 Large Large Large Medium All districts All districts VSKP VSKP All districts All districts EG, VSKP VSKP All districts CDP, CTR VSKP, EG, WG, NLR All districts All districts All districts VSKP, EG VSKP VSKP All districts All districts VSKP N. Coastal districts, MBN Rayalaseema All districts 186 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name Tree Height Vegetation type Distribution 310 Blume) F. tsjakella Rheede ex Burm.f Large MBN, VSKP 311 F. virens Ait (F. infectoria Roxb.) Large Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Thorn forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Plecospermum spinosum Trecul Streblus asper Lour S. taxoides (Roth) Kurz (Phyllochlamys spinosa (Roxb.) Bure. Moringaceae 315 Moringa concanensis Nimmo ex Gibs 316 M. pterigosperma Gaertn.(M.oleifera auct. non Lam.) Myrsinaceae 317 Aridisia depressa Clarke 318 A. solanacea Roxb. Small Small Small 319 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam DC. 320 E. villosa Wall 312 313 314 Myristicaceae 321 Knema attenuata (Hk.&thw.) Warb. Myrtaceae 322 Eugenia bractecta (Willd.) Roxb ex. DC. 323 Syzygium alternifolium (Wight) Walp. 324 S. calophyllifolium Walp. 325 326 S. cuminii (L.) Skeels S. heyneanum (Duthie) Wall.ex Gamble 327 328 329 S. malabaricum (Bedd.) Gamble S. operculatum (Roxb.) Nicolezu S. samarangense (Blume) Merrill & Perry Nyctaginaceae 330 Pisonia aculeata L. Nyctanthaceae 331 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Ochnaceae 332 Ochna lanceolata Spreng. 333 O. obtusata DC. var.obtusata Kanis (O. squarrosa auct. non L.) 334 O. obtusata DC. var. gamblei (King All districts KNL, CTR, VSKP All districts VSKP, EG, CDP, CTR Small Deciduous forests Small Wild in villages/ cultivated Small Small Small Semievergreen forests Semievergreen & moist deciduous forests Deciduous forests Small Deciduous forests Medium Moist deciduous forests/ cultivated EG, VSKP Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Hills of moist deciduous forests Hills of moist deciduous forests Riparian forests/Cultivated River beds and along streams in moist deciduous forests Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Coastal districts Medium Large Large Small Medium Large Large Coastal districts & KNL, MBN, KMM All districts VSKP N. coastal districts VSKP, EG, WG & Nallamalais. VSKP, EG, WG & Nallamalais. Rayalaseema CDP All districts KSN, EG VSKP VSKP VSKP Small Thorn and dry deciduous forests ATP, GNT, CTR, VSKP Small Deciduous forests All districts Small Small Deciduous forests Deciduous forests NLG, MBN, GNT, CDP All districts Small Deciduous forests All districts 187 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name ex Brandis) Kanis (O. beddomei Gamble) Olacaceae 335 Ximenia americana L. 336 Ligustrum gamblei Ramam. Tree Height Vegetation type Distribution Small Small All districts EG 337 338 Linociera intermedia Wight L. malabarica Wall ex. G.Don Small Small 339 L. ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall.ex G. Don Small 340 341 342 343 L. zeylanica (L.) Gamble Olea glandulifera Wall.ex. G.Don O. polygama Wight Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. Small Medium Medium Medium Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Small Deciduous forests VSKP, SKLM, GNT, KNL, MBN Small Marshy localities All districts Thorn forests & distrubed lands Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts Opiliaceae 344 Opilia amentacea Roxb. Pandanaceae 345 Pandanus fascicularis Lam. (P. odoratissimus L.f.) Papilionaceae 346 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub (B. frondosa Koen. ex Roxb.) 347 Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. 348 D. latifolia Roxb. 349 350 D. paniculata Roxb Erythrina fusca Lour Small to medium Medium Medium to large Medium Small 351 352 353 E. stricta Roxb. E. suberosa Roxb. E. variegata L.var. orientalis Merr. Medium Medium Medium 354 Medium 356 Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr. (Ougeinia dalbergioides Benth.) Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (P. glabra Vent., Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet) Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. 357 Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. 355 Pittosporaceae 358 Pittosporum napaulense (DC.) Rehder & Wilson (P. floribundum Wight & Arn.) Poaceae 359 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Roxb. 360 B. tulda Roxb. N. Coastal districts CDP. North Coastal districts EG, VSKP, SKLM CDP. CTR, NLR, VSKP VSKP CTR N. Coastal districts, Nallamalais KMM, N. Coastal districts All districts Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Thorn and Deciduous forests; cultivated Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests River banks, distrurbed soils/often planted as avenue tree; Thorn forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Hills of deciduous forests All districts SKLM Small Moist Deciduous and semievergreen forests VJN, VSKP, EG, CTR Large Large Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts VSKP Medium Medium Medium to large GNT All districts Cultivated N. Coastal districts, N. KMM All districts All districts PKM, NLR, CDP, CTR 188 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 361 Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Rhamnaceae 362 Rhamnus nepalensis Lawson 363 R. virgatus Roxb. Tree Height Large Small Small 364 Sageretia parviflora (Klein) G.Don Small 365 366 Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz. Ziziphus glabrata Heyne ex Roth Small Small 367 368 Z. horrida Roth Z. mauritiana Lam. var mauritiana Small Small 369 Z. oenoplia (L.) Mill. Small 370 371 Z. rugosa Lam Z. xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Small Small Rhizophoraceae 372 Carallia brachiata (Lour) Merr. Rosaceae 373 Rubus gardnerianus O.Kuntze Rubiaceae 374 Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A.Rich ex Walp. (A.cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) 375 Benkera malabarica (Lam.) Tirveng.( Randia malabarica Lam. ) 376 Canthium dicoccum (Lam.) Teijsm & Binn var dicoccum (Plectronia didyma (Gaertn.) Kurz) 377 C. dicoccum (Wight) Sant.& Merch. var. umbellatum (Wight) Sant. & Merch. 378 C. parviflorum Lam. 379 Catunaregum spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.(Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir. var. floribunda (DC.) Gamble) 380 Catunaregum tomentosa (Bl.ex DC.) Tirveng. 381 Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng.(Gardenia turgida Roxb.) 382 Chomelia asiatica (L.) O.Kuntze (Tarenna asiatica (L.) O. Kuntze) 383 Ixora brachiata Roxb.ex DC. 384 385 386 Deccania pubescens (Roth) Tirveng.var. candolleana Wight & Arn. (Randia candolleana Wight & Arn.) Gardenia gummifera L.f G. latifolia Ait. Vegetation type Distribution Deciduous forests All districts Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests VSKP VSKP Deciduous forests Thorn forests & Waste places Thorn forests, open bushes & hedges Thorn & Dry forests Thorn & Dry Deciduous forests VJN, VSKP, NLR, CDP, CTR All districts SKLM, VJN, KSN, GNT, KNL, KMM KNL, KSN All districts All districts All districts All districts Medium Deciduous forests CDP, CTR Medium Semievergreen forests VSKP Large Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, EG, WG, CDP, Nallamalais, KMM Small Deciduous forests All districts Small Dry evergreen forests All districts Small Dry deciduous and Thorn forests All districts Small Small Thorn forests Thorn forests All districts All districts Small VSKP, EG Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests All districts Small Deciduous forests All districts Small EG Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Small Medium Deciduous forests Deciduous forests KNR, ATP, KSN, KNL, CDP, NLR All districts All districts 189 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 387 388 G. resinifera Roth (G. lucida Roxb.) Haldinia cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. (Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook.f. ex Brandis Hymenodictyon obovatum Wall. H. orixense (Roxb.) Mabb.(H. excelsum (Roth.) Wall.) Ixora arborea (Roxb.) ex Smith. (I. parviflora Vahl) Ixora undulata Roxb. 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 Meyna spinosa Roxb.ex. Link var. pubescens Robyns Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Morinda angustifolia Roxb. M. citrifolia L. M. pubescens J.E.Smith. var. pubescens (M. tinctoria Roxb.) M. pubescens J.E.Smith var. stenophylla (Sperng.) Kumari Neonauclea purpurea (Roxb.) Merr. Tree Height Small Small Vegetation type Distribution Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts All districts Small Large Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Nallamalais All districts Small Deciduous forests All districts Small SKLM, VSKP, KNL. Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous and coastal forests Deciduous forests Small Deciduous forests CTR Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, WG Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Moist Deciduous and semievergreen forests Deciduous forests EG Small Medium Small Small VSKP All districts VSKP & Nallamalais SKLM, VSKP, NLR. All districts Pavetta breviflora DC.var. ciliolata Gamble ex. Bremek. P. hispidula Wight & Arn. Small P. indica L. P. tomentosa Robb.ex Smith Psychotria monticola Kurz (P. flava Hook.f.) Spermadictyon suaveolens Roxb. Small Small Small Tamilnadia uliginosa (Retz.) Tirveng. & Sastri (Randia uliginosa (Retz.) DC.) Wendlandia angustifolia (Wight & Hook.f.) W. gamblei Cowan Small Thorn & Dry deciduous forests Small Deciduous forests CDP Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests EG. VSKP Small Small W. heynei (Roem.&Schult.) Santapau & Merchant 410 W. thyrsoidea (Roem & Schult.) Steud.(W. notoniana Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) 411 W. tinctoria DC. ssp. tinctoria Rutaceae 412 Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq Small 413 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa 414 Atalantia monophylla (L.) Correa Small to medium Small 409 Small ATP All districts KNL. SKLM.VSKP VSKP VSKP, EG, WG, KNL, CDP. All districts EG, VSKP CDP Small Deciduous forests All districts Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests/cultivated Deciduous forests VSKP All districts All districts 190 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 415 A.racemosa Wight & Arn. Tree Height Small 416 Citrus medica L. Small 417 Small 418 Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Euodia lunuakenda (Gaertn.) Merr. Medium 419 Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Tanaka 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 Vegetation type Distribution CDP, CTR Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Along streams in forests/cultivated Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests G. pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Small Deciduous forests Limonia acidissima L.(Feronia elephantum Correa) Micromelum pubescense Blume Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Medium Small Dry deciduous forests & Thorn forests/cultivated. Deciduous forests Deciduous forests/cultivated; runswild Streams & ravines in forests & hills/cultivated. Deciduous forests Small Deciduous forests All districts. Medium Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests NLR, CTR, CDP Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (M. exotica L.) Naringi alata (Wall . ex. Wight & Arn.) Ellis (Limonia alata Wall. ex N.crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson (Limonia crenulata Roxb.) Pamburus missionis (Wight) Swingle Small Small Small Small 429 430 Toddalia asiatica (L).Lam. var. floribunda Gamble Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Z. ovalifolium Wight 431 Z. rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. Large Small Small Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, PKM (Cultivated in all districts) VSKP EG Coastal districts & Rayalaseema VSKP, EG, KMM, CTR, CDP All districts. VSKP, KNL All districts VSKP, EG, NLR, CDP, cultivated in all districts. SKLM, VSKP, Nallamalais. All districts EG, VSKP CTR VSKP,EG. Sabiaceae 432 Meliosma pinnata (Roxb.) Walp. 433 M. simplicifolia (Roxb.) Walp. Medium Medium Semievergreen forests Moist Deciduous and semievergreen forests VSKP VSKP Salicaceae 434 Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Medium Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests EG Small Deciduous forests All districts Small Thorn forests/cultivated VSKP, EG,KSN, Rayalaseema Small Deciduous forests All districts Small Small Hill forests & open Thorns Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Forests/cultivated All districts VSKP, EG Salvadoraceae 435 Salvadora persica L. Santalaceae 436 Santalum album L. Sapindaceae 437 Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch (A.serratus (Roxb.) Kurz) 438 Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. 439 Erioglossum rubiginosum Blume 440 441 Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Small Small VSKP, NLR, CTR, KNL All districts 191 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 442 Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken (S.trijuga Willd.) Sapotaceae 443 Chrysophyllum roxburghii Don 444 445 Tree Height Medium Vegetation type Distribution Deciduous forests All districts Medium EG Medium Medium Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Nellore (Veligonda hills) All districts Medium Deciduous forests Nallamalais 447 Isonandra villosa Wight Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel.(Bassia latifolia Roxb.) M. longifolia (J. Koenig) Macbr (Bassia longifolia J . Koenig ex. L.) Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard Small All districts 448 449 M. roxburghiana (Wight) Dubard Mimusops elengi L. Medium Small Deciduous and dry evergreen forests Deciduous forests Moist deciduous forests/ cultivated Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Outskirts of villages & Thorn forests. Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests All districts 446 Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.) Rap (Sideroxylon tomentosum Roxb.) Simaroubaceae 451 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Medium 452 Medium 450 Picrasma javanica Blume Sterculiaceae 453 Eriolaena hookeriana Wight & Arn. 454 E. lushingtonil Dunn 455 E. quinquelocularis (Wight & Arn.) Cleghorn 456 Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R.Br.(Sterculia colorata Roxb.)) 457 Helicteres isora L. 458 Hildegardia populifolia (Roxb.) Schott. & Endl. (Sterculia populnifolia Roxb.) 459 Pterospermum canescens Roxb.(P. suberifolium (L.) Lam.) 460 P. xylocarpum (Gaertn.) Sant.& Wagh 461 Sterculia foetida L. Large KNL All districts VSKP, EG, WG VSKP Small Small Small Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests All districts Nallamalais KMM Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests Hills of Dry deciduous forests All districts Small Small All districts CTR, CDP, ATP Small Deciduous forests NLR, CTR, CDP Medium Deciduous forests Most districts Large SKLM, VSKP, CDP Most districts VJN, KNR S. urens Roxb. Embelia tsjeriam cottam DC. Symplocaceae 464 Sympolos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore 465 S. theaefolia D.Don Tiliaceae 466 Grewia abutilifolia Vent. ex Juss. Medium Medium Deciduous forests/cultivated Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Medium Semievergreen forests VSKP Small Semievergreen forests VSKP Small N. Coastal districts 467 Small Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests All districts Small Deciduous forests VSKP 462 463 468 G. damine Gaertn. (G. salvifolia Heyne ex Roth) G .elastica Royle 192 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name 469 G. flavescens Juss. 470 471 472 G. glabra Blume G. heterotricha Mast G.laevigata Vahl (G. wightiana Drumm.) G. obtusa Wall. ex Dunn. 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 G. orbiculata Rottler (G. rotundifolia Juss.) G. orientalis L. G. polygama Roxb. G. rothii DC. G. subinaequalis DC. G. tenax (Forssk) Fiori G. tiliifolia Vahl (G. tiliaefolia Vahl) Tree Height Small Vegetation type Distribution Most districts Small Small Small Dry deciduous forests & hedges Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Small Deciduous forests Small Thorn forests & dry deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests CTR, CDP, KSN, PKM, KNL All districts Small Small Small Small Small Small 481 G. villosa Willd. Ulmaceae 482 Celtis philippensis Blanco ex.Wight Small 483 484 Medium Medium 485 486 C. tetrandra Roxb. C. timorenisis Spanoghe (C. cinnamomea Lindley) Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) Planchon Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Urticaceae 487 Boehmeria platyphylla Don (B. scabrella Gaud..) 488 Debregeasia longifolia (Burm. f.) Wedd (D. velutina Gaud..) 489 Laportea crenulata Gaud. Medium Large All districts MBN, EG All districts VSKP All districts All districts All districts VSKP, EG, WG, CTR, KNL VSKP Nallamalais, EG, VSKP All districts Medium Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests All districts Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, EG Small Small Verbenaceae 490 Callicarpa arborea Roxb. Small 491 C. macrophylla Vahl Small 492 C. tomentosa (L.) Murr. Small 493 494 Clerodendrum phlomides L.f. C. viscosum var. nilagiricum Hall. Small Small 495 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Medium 496 497 G. asiatica L. Premna corymbosa (Burm.f.) Rottl. ex. Willd.. P. hamiltonii J.L.Ellis Small Small 498 Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous forests & Semievergreen forests Deciduous forests VSKP,EG, WG,KSN KSN SKLM, EG Small Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Hedges & Thorn forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Thorn forests & hedges Dry deciduous and Thorn forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests VSKP, EG VSKP, EG N. Coastal districts VSKP VSKP, SKLM All districts All districts All districts All districts CTR, CDP KNL, VSKP 193 Check List 5(2): 173–194, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Sl. Botanical name Tree Height Small Small 499 500 501 P. latifolia Roxb. var. latifolia P. latifolia Roxb. var. mollissima (Roth.) Hook.f. Premna tomentosa Willd.. 502 Tectona grandis L.f. Large 503 Vitex altissima L.f. Medium 504 Vitex leucoxylon L.f. Medium 505 506 Small Small 507 V. negundo L. var. negundo V. negundo var. pupurpurascence Sivar. & Molde. Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex Schauer Medium 508 V. pinnata L. (V. pubescens Vahl) Small 509 V. quinata (Lour.) F.N.Willliams Small 510 V. trifolia L. Small Small Vegetation type Distribution Hills of Deciduous forests Dry deciduous and Thorn forests Dry deciduous forests and Hill slopes Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Streams of Moist deciduous forests Hedges and river banks Hedges in the outskirts of villages Deciduous and Semievergreen forests Moist deciduous and Semievergreen forests Streams of Moist deciduous forests Deciduous forests VSKP, EG, KNL, CDP Rayalaseema All districts All districts All districts Nallamalais, CTR All districts EG, CTR VSKP, EG, WG, CTR, CDP VSKP, EG, WG, KMM, CTR VSKP Coastal districts ———————————————— Acknowledgements We are thankful to Dr. M. Sanjappa, Director, BSI, Kolkata, Dr. G.V.S. Murthy, Deputy Director, BSI, Coimbatore, for permission to work in the herbaria and Dr. P.S. Roy, Deputy Director, Dr. M.S.R. Murthy, Head, Forestry & Ecology Division, NRSA, Hyderabad and Shri Gangaraju, Chairman, Laila Impex, Vijayawada for suggestions and encouragement. ———————————————— Literature cited Champion, H. G. and S. K. Seth. 1968. The Revised Forest types of India. New Delhi. Gamble, J. S. and C. E. C. Fischer. 1915-1935. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. London. (Rep. ed. 1957. BSI, Calcutta). Pullaiah, T. 1997. Flora of Andhra Pradesh. Vol. III. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. Pullaiah, T. and D. Alimoulali. 1997. Flora of Andhra Pradesh. Vol. II. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. Pullaiah, T. and E. Chennaiah. 1997. Flora of Andhra Pradesh. Vol. I. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. Reddy C. S., K. N. Reddy and S. N. Jadhav. 2001. Threatened (Medicinal) Plants of Andhra Pradesh. Medicinal Plants Conservation Centre, EPTRI, Hyderabad India. Reddy C. S., M. S. R. Murthy and C. B. S. Dutt. 2002. Vegetation Diversity and Endemism in Eastern Ghats, India. Proceedings of National Seminar on Conservation of Eastern Ghats, EPTRI, Hyderabad India. pp. 109-134. Reddy, C. S. and V. S. Raju. 2008. Endemic Spermatophytes of Andhra Pradesh, India Proc. A.P. Akademi of Sciences 12(1&2): 48-75. Received July 2008 Accepted January 2009 Published online April 2009 194
