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this is a legally binding document duly incorporated by
reference and that failure to comply with such
requirements as hereby detailed within may subject you
to criminal or civil penalties under the law. Ignorance of
the law shall not excuse noncompliance and it is the
responsibility of the citizens to inform themselves as to
the laws that are enacted in the United States of America
and in the states and cities contained therein. ±
«
ASME A18.1, Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and
Stairway Chairlifts, 2005 Edition, as required
by States and Municipalities, including
Arizona, Indiana, Minnesota, Texas, Vermont,
Wisconsin, Nevada, Colorado, et. alia.
Safety Standard
for Platform Lifts.
and Stairway
Chairlifts
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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Errata
to
':i,
ASME A18.1-200S:,
Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway
Chairlifts
On page 42 the first paragraph in para. 6.8, and on page 46 the first paragraph in para. 7.8
were incorrectly revised in the 2005 edition. They are being reinstated, by this errata, in their
original form as they appeared in the 2003 edition. The correct paragraphs are presented below.
6.8 Safeties and Governors
All platforms shall be provided with a safety, except for
platforms of direct-plunger hydraulic lifts or self-locking drives
utilizing a lead screw or other positive gearing that will stop
and hold the carriage with rated load within 100 mm (4 in.) of
down travel after power is removed.
7.8 Safeties and Governors
All carriages shall be provided with a safety, except for platforms of direct-plunger hydraulic lifts or self-locking drives
utilizing a lead screw or other positive gearing that will stop
and hold the carriage with rated load within 100 mm (4 in.) of
down travel after power is removed.
THE AMERICAN SOCIElY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
April 2006
1111111
~I "~I ~IIII"II~IIIIIIII
A0145E
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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EmS
Safety Standard
for Platform Lifts
and Stairway
Chai rlifts .
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STAND_ARD
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The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue • New Yoirk, NY 10016
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. . ~
I
Date of Issuance: November 29, 2005
The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2008. This Standard will become
effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this
Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http://
www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National
Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from
competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made
available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-Iarge.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for
infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability_ Users of a code or standard are expressly
advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is
entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as
government or industry endorsement of this code or standard_
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established
ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,
in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2005 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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CONTENTS
Foreword .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Committee Roster .....................................................................
Correspondence With the Al8 Committee ..............................................
Summary of Changes ..................................................................
iv
v
vi
vii
1
Introduction ....................................................................
1
2
Vertical Platform Lifts ...........................................................
5
3
Inclined Platform Lifts ..........................................................
19
4
Inclined Stairway Chairlifts ......................................................
26
5
Private Residence Vertical Platform Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
6
Private Residence Inclined Platform Lifts .........................................
38
7
Private Residence Inclined Stairway Chairlifts ....................................
44
8
Driving Means ..................................................................
48
9
Engineering Type Testing and Design ............................................
52
10
Routine, Periodic, and Acceptance Inspections and Tests ..........................
56
Plaftform Lift Corridor Call Station Pictograph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minimum Loads to Sustain and Lower Based Upon Inside Net
Platform Area ...............................................................
15
55
Reference Documents ..........................................................
Procurement Information.... ....... ..... ..... . ...... ..... . ............ .... .....
6
7
Figures
2.6.7
9.7
Tables
1.5-1
1.5-2
iii
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction maybe made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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FOREWORD
/ This Standard is one of the numerous standards developed and published by The American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The consensus committee that approved the Standard was balanced
to ensure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to
participate.
This Standard is intended to serve as the basis for state,municipal, and other jurisdictional
authorities in drafting regulations governing the installation, testing, inspection, maintenance,
alteration, and repair of platform lifts and stairway chairlifts. It is also intended as a standard
reference of safety requirements for the guidance of architects, engineers, insurance companies,
manufacturers, and contractors, and as a standard of safety practices for owners and management
of structures where equipment covered in the Scope of this Standard is used.
This Standard is available for public review on a continuing basis. This provides an opportunity
for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-Iarge.
Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public health and safety. Revisions result
from committee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing
environmental and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.
It should be pointed out that any governmental jurisdiction has authority over any particular
installation. Inquiries dealing with problems of a local character should be directed to the proper
authority of such jurisdiction. It is recommended that, prior to adoption, all pertinent state and
local laws or ordinances be reviewed and where there is a conflict with any of the requirements
of this Standard an exception to such conflicting requirement be noted, quoting the section of
the law that applies.
Equipment covered by this Standard was originally incorporated as a 1983 supplement to
ANSI! ASME A17.1-1981, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. In ANSI! ASME A17.1b1983, a new Part XXI covering private residence inclined stairway chairlifts and inclined and
vertical wheelchair lifts was added. Part XX was added to cover these same devices installed in
buildings other than private residences.
In 1996, as a result of the effort to harmonize the ASME A17.1 Code and the CAN/CSA-B44
Safety Code for Elevators, a new Main Committee on Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts was
established. The Committee developed the first edition, which incorporates Parts XX and XXI,
as well as the applicable cross-references in ASME A17.1-1996, up to and including ASME
A17.1a-1997.
The first edition of this Standard was approved by the ASME Committee on Platform Lifts
and Stairway Lifts, was approved and designated as an ASME Standard by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) on June 21, 1999, and was issued on July 26, 1999. The A18.1a-2001
addenda was approved on January 30, 2001 and issued on March 26, 2001. The A18.1b-200l
addenda was approved on December 11, 2001 and issued on April 11, 2002.
Second editon of this Standard was approved by ANSI on July 29, 2003, and was issued on
September 12, 2003.
Following approval by the A18 Standards Committee and ASME, and after public review,
ASME A18.1-200S was approved by the American National Standards Institute on May 6, 2005.
iv
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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£m
ASME A18 COMMITTEE
Safety Standard for
Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
G. L. Harmon, Chair
D. W. Boydston, Vice Chair
E. Cho, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
D. C. Balmer, Concord Elevator, Inc.
R. Murphy. Alternate, Concord Elevator, Inc.
P. Barnhart. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
B. D. Black. Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association
J. C. Bovis. Jon Bovis Consultants
D. W. Boydston. Handi-Lift, Inc.
J. Martin, Alternate, Accessibility Lifts, Inc.
P. Caploon. State of New Jersey
F. D. Carty, United Lift Service Co., Inc.
N. D. Chaitin. McKinley Equipment Corp.
M. McKinley, Alternate, McKinley Equipment Corp.
P. Chance. Inclinator Company of Central Pennsylvania
E. Cho. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
P. Edwards. Integrity Group Co., Inc.
D. Hallman. DME Access, Inc.
G. L. Harmon. National Wheel-O-Vator
K. Brinkman PEt Alternate, National Wheel-O-Vator
G. E. Hedman PEt University of Illinois
M. K. Mazz. The Access Board
S. J. Windley. Alternate, The Access Board
M. L. McDonald. Access Disability Advisor, Inc.
J. L. Meyer, State of California
P. M. Puno. Alternate, State of California
B. Page. Bruno Independent Living Aids
T. A. Andrus. Alternate, Bruno Independent Living Aids
R. L. Phillips. Georgia Department of Labor
G. A. Rogers. Elevator Industry Work Preservation Fund
M. Townsend. Garaventa (Canada) Ltd.
R. B. Weber. Weber Accessibility System, Inc.
E. J. Zuercher. Ascension, A Division of AGM
w..
v
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society ofMee,hanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE A18 COMMITTEE
General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the
consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee
by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:
Secretary, AlB Standards Committee
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes
that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application
of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.
The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be
as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed
description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.
Interpretations. Upon request, the AlB Standards Committee will render an interpretation of
any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written
request sent to the Secretary of the AlB Standards Committee.
The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommended
that the inquirer submit his/her request in the following format:
Subject:
Edition:
Question:
Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry.
Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is
being requested.
Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement
suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval
of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans
or drawings which are necessary to explain the question; however, they should
not contain proprietary names or information.
Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee prior
to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.
ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional
information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an
interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not
"approve," "certify," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
Attending Committee Meetings. The AlB Standards Committee regularly holds meetings, which
are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of
the AlB Standards Committee.
vi
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-200S
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Following approval by the ASME A18 Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASME
A18.1-2005 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on May 6, 2005.
The 2005 edition of ASME A18.l includes revisions that are identified by a margin note, (05).
The following is a summary of the latest revisions and changes.
. Page
Location
Change
3
1.3
Definition of lever hydraulic driving
machine added
5
1.4
Added
1.5
Para. 1.4 redesignated as 1.5
6
Table 1.4-1
Redesignated as 1.5-1
7
Table 1.4-2
Redesignated as 1.5-2
9
2.1.3.3
Revised
2.1.3.4
Revised
2.1.3.6
Revised
10
13
2.5.1.1
Revised
14
2.5.2
Revised
15
2.7.1
Revised
16
2.8
Revised
17
2.8.8
Added
18,19
2.12
Added
2.13
Para. 2.12 redesignated as 2.13
3.1.2.3
Revised
23
3.6.10
Added
26
3.12
Added
3.13
Para. 3.12 redesignated as 3.13
31
5.1.1.2
Revised
5.1.1.7
Revised
5.5.1.1
Revised
5.5.2
Revised
34, 35
5.7.1
Revised
5.8
Revised
5.8.8
Added
42
6.8
Revised
46
7.8
Revised
52
8.3.2
Revised
55
Fig. 9.7
Revised
36, 37
vii
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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viii
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 Equipment Covered by This Standard. This
safety Standard covers the design, construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and
repair of inclined stairway chairlifts and inclined and
vertical platform lifts intended for transportation of a
mobility impaired person only. The device shall have a
limited vertical travel, operating speed, and platform
area. Operation shall be under continuous control of
the user/attendant. The device shall not penetrate more
than one floor. A full passenger enclosure on the platform shall be prohibited.
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered by This Standard.
Equipment not covered by this Standard includes, but
is not limited to, the following:
(a) elevators, escalators, moving walkways, material
lifts, and dumbwaiters within the scope of ASME
AI7.lb-1997 and later edition
(b) personnel hoists within the scope of ANSI AIO.4
(c) manlifts within the scope of ASME A90.I
(d) powered platform and equipment for exterior and
interior building maintenance within the scope of ANSI
A120.I
(e) portable equipment
if) amusement devices
(g) stage and orchestra lifts
1.1.3 Application. This Standard applies to new
installations only.
1.1.4 Effective Date. The requirements of this edition
to the Standard are effective as of the date established by
the local regulations of the authority having jurisdiction.
Where the Standard has not been adopted by local regulation and a specific edition has not been stipulated by
contractual agreement, compliance with this edition is
recommended as of the effective date listed in the front
of the document.
1.2 Purpose and Exceptions
The purpose of this Standard is to provide for the
safety of life and limb, and to promote the public welfare.
The provisions of this Standard are not intended to
prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety to those prescribed by
this Standard provided that there is technical documentation to demonstrate the equivalency of the system,
method, or device.
The specific requirements of this Standard shall be
permitted to be modified by the authority havirig jurisdiction based upon technical documentation or physical
performance verification to allow alternative arrangements that will assure safety equivalent to that which
would be provided by conformance to the corresponding requirements of· this Standard.
1.3 Definitions
This section defines various terms used in this
Standard.
alteration: any change to equipment other than maintenance, repair, or replacement.
approved: acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
authority having jurisdiction: organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment. Where
compliance with this Standard has been mandated by
law, the authority having jurisdiction" is the federal,
state, or local department or individual so designated
in the enacting legislation or administrative regulation.
II
authorized personnel: persons who have been instructed
in the operation and/ or maintenance of the equipment
and designated by the owner to use or maintain the
equipment.
building code: an ordinance that sets forth requirements
for building design and construction, or where such an
ordinance has not been enacted, one of the following
model codes:
(a) National Building Code
(b) Standard Building Code
(c) Uniform.Building Code
cable, traveling: see traveling cable.
capacity: see rated load.
certified: a certification by a testing laboratory, a professional engineer, a manufacturer, or a contractor that a
device or an assembly conforms to the requirements of
this Standard.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRlIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
combination mechanical lock and electric contact: a combina-
full passenger enclosure: an assembly inclusive of the plat-
tion mechanical and electrical device with two related
but entirely independent functions, which are
(a) to prevent operation of the driving machine by
the normal operating device unless the door or gate is
in the closed position
(b) to lock the door or gate in the closed position and
prevent it from being opened from the landing side
unless the platform is within the specified. distance from
the landing
form top, minimum 2000 mm (80 in.) tall walls, minimum 2 000 mm (80 in.) tall platform doors and
platform floor.
gate: see door or gate.
governor: see speed governor.
governor pull-through tension (jorce): the magnitude of the
tensile load developed in the moving governor rope
after the governor rope-retarding means is actuated.
compensating-rope sheave switch: a device that automati-
governor pull-retarding means: a mechanical means of
cally causes the electric power to be removed from the
driving-machine motor and brake when the compensating sheave approaches its upper or lower limit of travel.
developing a sufficient force in the governor rope to
. activate the platform or counterweight safeties or to trip
the governor rope releasing carrier, where used. Such
mechanical means include, but are not limited to, ropegripping jaws, clutch mechanisms, and traction arrangements.
contacts: see door or gate electric contact.
control: the system governing the starting, stopping,
direction of motion, acceleration, speed, and retardation
of the moving member.
controller: a device or group of devices that serves to
control in a predetermined manner the·· apparatus to
which it is connected.
door or gate: the movable portion(s) of the platform or
runway entrance that closes the opening providing
access to the platform or landing. It consists of one or
more panels that may be equipped with a vision panel.
door or gate, manually operated: door or gate that is
opened and closed by hand.
door or gate, power-operated: a door or gate that is
opened and closed by a door or gate power-operator.
door or gate, self-closing: a manually opened door or
gate that closes when released.
door or gate closer: a device that closes a door or gate by
means of a spring or gravity.
door or gate electric contact: an electrical device, the function of which is to prevent operation of the driving
machine by the normal operating device unless the door
or gate is in the closed position.
door or gate power-operator: a device ,or assembly of
devices that opens a door or gate by power other than
by hand, gravity, springs, or the movement of the platform; and that closes them by power other than by hand,
gravity, or the movement of the platform.
driving machine: see machine, driving.
inclined platform lift: a powered hoisting and lowering
mechanism designed to transport mobility-impaired
persons on a guided platform that travels on an incline.
inclined stairway chairlift: a powered hoisting and lowering mechanism that is guided, equipped with a seat,
to transport seated passengers along stairways.
inspection and tests
acceptance: the initial inspection and tests of new or
altered equipment to check for compliance with the
applicable requirements.
periodic: routine inspection and tests plus additional
detailed examination and operation of equipment at
specified intervals witnessed by an inspector to check
for compliance with the applicable requirements.
routine: the examination and operation of equipment
at specified intervals by an inspector to check for compliance with the applicable requirements.
installation: a complete platform lift or stairway chairlift,
including all machinery and equipment necessary for
its operation.
installation, existing: an installation that has been completed or is under construction prior to the effective date
of this Standard.
installation, new: any installation not classified as an
existing installation by definition, or an existing platform lift or stairway chairlift moved to a new location
subsequent to the effective date of this Standard.
installation, placed out of service: an installation whose
power feed lines have been disconnected from the
machine disconnect switch.
emergency stop switch: a device that, when manually operated, causes the lift to halt its motion.
enforcirig authority: see authority having jurisdiction.
entrance hardware: all components of an entrance, exclusive of the frame, door panels, and locks, that are necessary to maintain the position of the panels within the
assembly.
labeled: equipment or materials to which has been
attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of
an independent certifying organization concerned with
product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection
of production of labeled equipment or materials and by
whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance
factor of safety: the ratio of the ultimate strength to the
working stress of a member under maximum static loading, unless otherwise specified in a particular rule.
2
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.
landing: that portion of a floor, balcony, or platform used
to receive and discharge passengers.
landing, bottom terminal: the lowest landing served.
landing,. top terminal: the highest landing served.
landing, unenclosed: a landing that is open to the atmosphere or is open to an interior court of a building.
(05)
lever hydraulic driving machine: a hydraulic machine in
which the plunger or cylinder is attached to the platform
via levers.
listed: equipment or materials included in a list published by an independent certifying organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic
inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing states whether that equipment or
material meets appropriate standards or has been tested
and found suitable for use in a specified manner.
machine, driving: the power unit that applies the energy
necessary to raise and lower equipment covered by the
scope of this Standard.
belt-drive machine: an indirect-drive machine equipped
with a belt system as the connecting means.
chain-drive machine: an indirect-drive machine with a
chain system as the connecting means.
direct-drive machine: an electric driving machine, the
motor of which is directly connected mechanically to
the driving sheave, drum, or shaft without the use of
belts or chains, either with or without intermediate
gears.
direct-plunger driving machine: a hydraulic driving
machine in which the plunger or cylinder is directly
attached to the platform.
electric driving machine: one where the energy is
applied by an electric motor. It includes the motor, brake,
and the driving sheave or drum together with its connecting gearing, belt, or chain, if any.
friction machine: a direct-drive machine in which the
motion of the platform is obtained through friction
between a guiding means and driving wheels or rollers.
geared-drive machine: a direct-drive machine in which
the energy is transmitted from the motor to the driving
sheave, drum, or shaft through gearing.
geared-traction machine: a geared-drive traction
machine.
gearless-traction machine: a traction machine, without
intermediate gearing, that has the traction sheave and
the brake drum mounted directly on the motor shaft.
hydraulic driving machine: one in which the energy is
applied by means of a liquid under pressure in a cylinder
equipped with a plunger or piston.
indirect-drive machine: an electric driving machine, the
motor of which is connected indirectly to the driving
ASME A1B.1-2005
sheave, drum, gear reducer, or shaft by means of a belt
drive or chain drive.
rack and pinion driving machine: an electric driving
machine in which the motion of the platform lift or
stairway chairlift is obtained by power-driven rotating
pinion(s) mounted on the platform, traveling on a stationary rack mounted in the runway.
roped-hydraulic driving machine: a hydraulic driving
machine in which the plunger or piston is connected to
the platform with wire ropes or indirectly coupled to
the platform by means of wire ropes and sheaves. It
includes the cylinder, the plunger or piston, and multiplying sheaves, if any, and their guides.
rope sprocket drive: a driving means consisting of wire
rope with fixed links at constant intervals throughout
its length. The links engage in slots on a grooved drive
cog to provide a positive drive force.
screw machine: an electric driving machine, the motor
of which drives a nut on a screw or rotates a screw to
raise or lower a platform lift or stairway chairlift.
traction machine: a direct-drive machine in which the
motion of a platform ,is obtained through traction
between the suspension ropes and a traction sheave.
winding drum machine: a geared-drive machine in
which the suspension ropes are fastened to and wind
. on a drum.
worm-geared machine: a direct-drive machine in which
the energy from the motor is transmitted to the driving
sheave or drum through worm gearing.
main floor: the floor providing normal egress from a
building.
maintenance: a process of routine examination, lubrication, cleaning, adjustment, and replacement of parts for
the purpose of ensuring performance in accordance with
the applicable Code requirements.
masonry: built-up construction or combination of build- .
ing units or materials of clay, shale, concrete, glass, gypsum, stone, or other approved units bonded together
with mortar or monolithic concrete. Reinforced concrete
is not classed as masonry.
operating device: the switch, pushbutton, lever, or other
devices used to actuate the control.
operation: the method of actuating the control.
operation, continuous-pressure: operation by means of
buttons or switches on the platform lift or stairway chairlift and on the platform, anyone of which may be used
to control the movement of the platform lift as long
as the button or switch is manually maintained in the
actuating position.
overhead structure: all of the structural members supporting the machinery, sheaves, and equipment at the top
of the runway.
penetrate a floor: pass through or pierce a floor in such
a way that the opening has a continuous perimeter and
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
rope, compensating: wire rope used to counterbalance, or
. partially counterbalance, the weight of the suspension
ropes.
is provided only to allow the equipment to pass through
the floor.
piston: short cylindrical member that is provided with
a sealing means that travels with the member within a
hydraulic cylinder.
rope, countenveight: wire rope used to raise and lower the
counterweight on equipment having a winding drum
machine or a hydraulic machine equipped with a counterweight.
pit: that portion of a runway extending from the sill
level of the lowest landing to the floor at the bottom of
the runway.
rope, governor: wire rope with at least one end fastened
to the safety activating means or governor rope releasing
carrier, passing over and driving the governor sheave,
and providing continuous information on the speed and
direction of the platform or counterweight.
platform: the load carrying unit/including, but not limited to frame, floor, enclosure, seat, and door or gate.
platform frame: a structural frame, composed of interconnecting members, which supports the platform.
rope, suspension (hoisting): wire rope used to raise and
lower a platform lift or its counterweight, or a stairway
chairlift, or both.
plunger (ram): a long cylindrical compression member
that is directly or indirectly coupled to the platform
frame. This member is not provided with a sealing
means. Where used in assembly with a cylinder, the
sealing means is provided on the cylinder head, in the
case of telescopic plungers and cylinders, a sealing
means may be used in the moving plunger that is also
a cylinder.
rope equalizer, suspension: a device installed on a platform
or counterweight to equalize automatically the tensions
in the suspension wire ropes.
rope-fastening device, auxiliary: a device attached to the
platform or counterweight or to the overhead dead-end
rope-hitch support that will function automatically to
support the platform or counterweight in case the regular wire-rope fastening fails at the point of connection
to the platform or counterweight or at the overhead
dead-end hitch.
position indicator: a device that indicates the position of
the platform in the runway. It is called a hall position
indicator when placed at a landing, or a platform position indicator when placed in the platform.
private residence: a separate dwelling or a separate apartment in a multiple dwelling that is occupied only by
the members of a single family unit.
runby, top, direct-plunger hydraulic: the distance the platform can run above its top terminal landing before the
plunger strikes its mechanical stop.
rated load: the load that the equipment is designed and
installed to lift at the rated speed.
runway: the space in which the platform or seat moves.
runway door or gate, locking device: a device that secures
a runway door or gate in the closed position and prevents it from being opened from the landing side except
under certain specified conditions.
rated load performance: the operation of the equipment
with its rated load at rated speed.
rated speed: the speed at which the equipment is designed
to operate in the up direction with rated load in the
platform.
safety bulkhead: a closure at the bottom of the cylinder
located above the cylinder head and provided with an
orifice for controlling the loss of fluid in the event of
cylinder head failure.
recycling operation, telescopic plunger: an operation for
restoring the relative vertical positions of the multiple
plungers in a telescoping plunger arrangement.
safety, platform or counterweight: a mechanical device
attached to the platform frame or to an auxiliary frame,
or to the counterweight frame, to stop and hold the
platform or counterweight under one or more of the
following conditions: predetermined overspeed, free
fall, or if the suspension ropes slacken.
safety, self-resetting: a platform or counterweight safety
released and reset by movement in the up direction.
releasing carrier, governor rope: a mechanical device to
which the governor rope may be fastened, calibrated to
control the activation of a safety at a predetermined
tripping force.
repair: the process of rehabilitation or replacement of
parts that are basically the same as the original for the
purpose of ensuring performance in accordance with
the applicable Code requirements.
screw column: a structural member provided with screw
threads that supports the platform on screw driving
machines.
replacement: the substitution of a device or component
in its entirety with a new unit that is basically the same
as the original for the purpose of ensuring performance
in accordance with applicable Code requirements.
shall: indicates a mandatory requirement.
should: indicates a recommendation, not a mandatory
rise: see travel.
requirement.
4
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME AIB.1-200S
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS ,AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
slack-rope switch: a device that automatically causes the
electric power to be removed from the driving machine
motor and brake when the suspension ropes of a winding drum machine become slack.
sleeving (liner): the insertion of a smaller diameter cylinder inside the existing cylinder of a hydraulic driving
machine.
solid state device: an element that can control current flow
without moving parts.
speed governor: a continuously operating speed monitoring and detection device that, at predetermined speeds,
provides signals to the controller and imparts a retarding
force to activate the platform lift or counterweight safety,
or stairway chairlift.
starters control panel: an assembly of devices by means
of which the starter may control the manner in which
a lift functions.
static switching: switching of circuits by means of solid
state devices.
.
stop switch: see emergency stop switch.
supply piping: the piping for a hydraulic driving machine
between the control valves and the driving member of
the driving machine ..
terminal landing: see landing.
terminal stopping device, final: a device that automatically
causes the power to be removed from the driving
machine motor and brake, or from a hydraulic driving
machine, independent of the functioning of the normal
terminal stopping device, the operating device, or any
emergency terminal speed limiting device, after the platform lift or stairway chairlift has passed a terminal
landing.
terminal stopping device, machine final (stop-motion switch):
a final terminal stopping device operated directly by
the driving machine.
terminal stopping device, normal: a device or devices to
slow down and stop a platform lift or stairway chairlift
automatically at or near a terminal landing independently of the functioning of the operating device.
vertical platform lift: a powered hoisting and lowering
mechanism designed to transport mobility-impaired
persons on a guided platform that travels vertically.
weatherproof so constructed or protected that exposure
to the weather will not interfere with its successful operation.
window: an assembly consisting of a surrounding frame
and one or more sashes, ventilators, or fixed lights, or
a combination of these, designed to be installed in a
wall opening for the purpose of admitting light or air,
or both.
working pressure: the pressure measured at the cylinder
of a hydraulic driving machine when the platform lift
or stairway chairlift are lifting their rated load at rated
speed.
1.4 Metric (51) Units
(05)
This edition of the standard uses hard metric (51)
units whenever practical. The acceptable equivalent U.S.
Customary units are shown in parenthesis. Information
on the usage of 51 units and conversion to U.S. Customary units is contained in IEEE/ ASTM 51 10-1997 Standard for the Use of the illternational System of Units
(51): The Modern Metric System, or ASME Guide 51-1,
Orientation and Guide for Use of 51 (Metric) Units.
Requirements related to speed and load use the hard
metric and hard U.S. Customary units in common practice, even though they are not exactly equivalent.
1.5 Reference Codes, Standards, and Specifications
. This section covers the codes, standards, and specifications incorporated in this Standard by reference; the
specific editions that are applicable; and the rules of this
Standard that reference each document (see Table 1.5-1).
This section also lists the names and addresses of the
organizations from which these documents may be procured (see Table 1.5-2).
Only that portion of the code, standard, or specification as specified by the rules in this Standard is applicable.
VERTICAL PLATFORM LlFTS 1
travel (rise): the vertical distance between the bottom
2
terminal landing and the top terminal landing.
Section 2 applies to vertical platform lifts installed in
locations other than in or at a private residence for use
by the mobility impaired.
traveling cable: a cable made up of electric conductors,
which provides electrical connection between a platform
lift or stairway chairlift and a fixed outlet in the runway.
valley break: a broken wire in a wire rope in which the
outside wire of a strand breaks in the immediate vicinity
of the point where it contacts a wire or wires of an
adjacent strand, generally at a point not visible when
the wire rope is examined externally. One end of the
broken wire is long enough to reach from one valley to
the next one and the other end of the broken wire generally cannot be seen.
2.1 Runways
Runways shall be installed in accordance with paras.
2.1.1, 2.1.2, or 2.1.3. Runway construction for lifts that
penetrate a floor must comply with para. 2.1.1 and with
the building code.
1 See section 5 for the requirements for this equipment installed
in or at a private residence.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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(OS)
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-200S
Table 1.5-1
(OS)
Reference Documents
Standard
A18 References
Available From
ANSI Al0.4 (latest edition)
Safety Requirements for Personnel Hoists
1.1.2
ANSI
ICC/ANSI A117.1-1998
Guidelines for Accessible and Vsable Buildings and
Facilities
2.1.5, 3.1.4.2, and
3.10.1
ANSI
ASME A120.1 (latest edition)
Safety Requirements for Powered Platforms for
Building Maintenance
1.1.2
ASME
ANSI Z97.1-1984
Performance Specifications and Methods of Test for·
Safety Glazing Material Used in Buildings
3.6.4.3 and 6.6.4.3
ANSI
ASME B29.1-1975
Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains, Attachments, and Sprockets
2.3.1.5,
3.3.5.1,
5.3.1.5,
6.3.5.1,
7.3.5.1
ASME
AWS D1.1(1atest edition)
Structural Welding Code - Steel
9.1.1 and 9.1.2
AWS
AWS D1.3 (latest edition)
Structural Welding Code - Sheet Steel
9.1.2
AWS
NFPA 70 (latest edition)
National Electrical Code®
2.1.6.1, 2.10.9.1,
3.1.6.1, 3.10.7.1, 4.1.3,
4.10.3.1, 5.1.4.1,
5.10.9.1, 6.1.6.1,
6.10.6.1, 7.1.3, and
7.10.3.1
NFPA
NFPA 99 (latest edition)
Standard for Health Care Facilities
2.11.3
NFPA
ASMEA17.1-1997 (and latereditions)
Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
1.1.2
ASME
ASME A90.1 (latest edition)
Safety Standard for Manlifts
1.1.2
ASME
ASTM A 307-84a
Specifications for Carbon Steel, Externally and Internally Threaded Standard Fasteners
2.2.2.2, 3.2.1.1, 5.2.1.1,
6.2.1.1, and 8.1.2.2
ASTM
ASTM A 502-83a
Specifications for Steel Structural Rivets
2.2.2.3, 3.2.1.1, 5.2.1.1,
and 6.2.1.1
ASTM
ASTM D 2412-92
Test Method for Determination of External Loading
Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel Plate
8.1.4.8
ASTM
ASTM E 8 (latest edition)
Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
9.5.1
ASTM
CAN/CSA-B44.1/ASMEA17.5 (Iatest edition)
Elevator and Escalator Electrical Equipment
2.1.6.2, 2.10.9.2,
3.1.6.2, 3.10.7.2, 4.1.4,
4.10.3.2, 5.1.4.2,
5.10.9.2, 6.1.6.2,
6.10.6.2, 7.1.4, and
7.10.3.2
ASME
16 CFR Part 1201-86
Architectural Glazing Standards and Related
Materials
3.6.4.3 and 6.6.4.3
CPSC
National Building Code
(latest edition)
1.3
BOCA
Standard Building Code
(latest edition)
1.3
SBCCI
Uniform Building Code (latest
edition)
1.3
ICBO
2.3.8.1,
4.3.1.2,
5.3.8.1,
7.3.1.2,
3.3.1.5,
4.3.5.1,
6.3.1.5,
and
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
Table 1.5-2
Procurement Information
(05)
Organization
Address and Phone Number
Organization
Address and Phone Number
ANSI
American National Standards Institute, Inc.
25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor
New York, New York 10036
Telephone: (212) 642-4900
www.ansi.org
CSA
Canadian Standards Association
5060 Spectrum Way
Mississauga, Ontario
L4W 5N6 Canada
Telephone: (416) 747-4000
www.csa.ca
ASME
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, New York 10016-5990
Telephone: (212) 591-7722
www.asme.org
DOC
U.S. Department of Commerce
Commodity Standards Division
Available from Superintendent of
Documents
Government Printing Office
Washington, DC 20402
Telephone: (703) 684-0211
www.commerce.gov
ICBO
International Conference of Building
Officials
5360 South Workman Mill Road
Whittier, California 90601
Telephone: (213) 699-0541
www.icho.org
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
1 Batterymarch Park
P.O. Box 9101
Quincy, Massachusetts 02269-9101
Telephone: (617) 770-3000
www.nfpa.org
SBCCI
Southern Building Code Congress
International, Inc.
900 Montclair Road
Birmingham, Alabama 35213
Telephone: (205) 591-1853
www.sbcci.org
UL
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, Illinois 60062-2096
Telephone: (847) 272-8800
www.ul.com
ASME Order Department
22 Law Drive
Box 2300
Fairfield, New Jersey 07007-2300
Telephone: (201) 882-1167
(800) 843-2763
ASTAA'
AWS
BOCA
CPSC
American Society for Testing and Materials
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania
19428-2959
Telephone: (610) 832-9500
www.astm.org
American Welding Society, Inc.
550 NW Lejeune Road
Miami, Florida 33126
Telephone: (800) 443-9353
www.aws.org
Building Officials and Code Administrators
International, Inc.
4051 West Flossmoor Road
Country Club Hills, Illinois 60478
Telephone: (708) 799-2300
www.bocaLorg
U.s. Consumer Products Safety Commission
Washington, DC 20207-0001
Telephone: (301) 504-0990
(800) 638-2772
(800) 638-8270 TTY
www.cpsc.org
door shall be self-closing and at least 1100 mm (42 in.)
high. The runway side of the door shall present a smooth
surface. The door shall be located not more than 75 mm
(3 in.) from the platform sill.
2.1.1 Runway Enclosure Provided
2.1.1.1 The runway shall be guarded by a solid
enclosure extending from the lowest landing to a height
of at least 1100 mm (42 in.) above the uppermost landing. The enclosure shall withstand, without permanent
deformation, a force of 550 N (125 lbf) applied on any
100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) area. The interior of
the runway enclosure shall present a smooth surface.
2.1.1.3 The runway entrances at all but the uppermost landing shall be guarded by unperforated selfclosing doors not wider than the platform plus 25 mm
(1 in.). The openings created in the runway by these
doors shall provide a minimum vertical clearance of
2 000 mm (80 in.). The doors shall guard the entire area
of the openings except for space necessary for operation.
2.1.1.2 The runway entrance shall be guarded at
the upper landing by a door of unperforated construction not wider than the platform plus 25 mm (1 in.). The
7
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
Space necessary for operation shall reject a ball 12 mm
(0.5 in.) in diameter. The lift side of the landing doors
and sill shall present a smooth surface located not closer
than 10 mm (0.375 in.) nor more than 20 mm (0.75 in.)
from the platform floor.
2.1.1.4 All doors shall be provided with a combination mechanical lock and electric contact. Locking
devices shall be protected against tampering from the
landing side. The locking devices may permit a door to
be opened only if the platform floor is within 50 mm
(2 in.) of the respective landing. They shall permit the
platform to move away from the landing under control
of the normal operating device if the door is closed
but not locked, provideq that the device will cause the
platform to stop if it moves away from the landing more
than 50 mm (2 in.) before the door is locked. Doors shall
withstand, without permanent deformation, a force of
550 N (125Ibf) applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm
(4 in.) area.
2.1.1.5 No hardware shall project beyond the vertical line of travel of the platform, except for that required
for door locks.
2.1.1.6 The running clearance between the
entrance and exit sides of the platform floor and the
interior of the runway enclosures shall be not less than
10 mm (0.375 in.) nor more than 20 mm (0.75 mm).
2.1.1.7 The platform enclosure walls on the sides
not used for entrance or exit shall be of smooth construction to a height of at least 1100 mm (42 in.) above
the platform floor with no openings other than those
necessary for operation. Openings necessary for operation shall reject a ball 12 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. A
grab rail extending the full length of either side wall
shall be provided at a height of 850 mm (34 in.) to
1000 mm (38 in.). The running clearance between the
platform enclosure walls and the runway enclosure shall
be not less than 50 mm (2 in.) nor more than 75 mm
(3 in.).
2.1.1.8 If the runway enclosure extends to a minimum height of 2100 mm (84 in.) above the upper landing, consists of transparent walls, is exposed to direct
sunlight, and is enclosed with a solid roof, forced ventilation with a minimum air handling capacity of one air
change per minute based on net inside enclosure volume
shall be provided. The ventilation shall be permitted to
be thermostatically controlled, in which case, it shall be
set to activate at a temperature not to exceed 32°C (90°F).
An auxiliary power source capable of providing the minimum air handling capacity for 1 hr shall be provided.
Ventilating fans or blowers, if used, shall be located
outside the enclosure, or if inside the enclosure, provide
a minimum headroom clearance of 2 100 mm (84 in.).
2.1.2 Partial Runway Enclosure Provided
2.1.2.1 The area under the platform shall be fully
enclosed by smooth guards, either telescoping or stationary, on all accessible platform sides. The guards shall
withstand, without permanent deformation, a force of
550 N (125Ibf) applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm
(4 in.) area. The height of stationary guards, if provided,
shall be at least equal to the maximum upward travel
of the platform floor plus 75 mm (3 in.). The running
clearance between the platform enclosure walls and any
. stationary guard panel shall be not less than 50 mm
(2 in.) nor more than 75 mm (3 in.). Shutter-type (telescoping) guards, if provided, shall be securely fastened
to the lower landing level and to the platform. Openings
necessary for operation of shutter-:-type (telescoping)
guard panels shall reject a ball 12 mm (0.5 in.) in
diameter.
2.1.2.2 The runway entrance shall be guarded at
the uppermost landing by a door of unperforated construction not wider than the entrance to the platform
plus 25 mm (1 in.). The door shall be self-closing and
at least 1100 mm (42 in.) high. The door shall be located
not more than 75 mm (3 in.) from the platform sill.
2.1.2.3 The runway entrance shall be guarded at
any intermediate landing by a door of unperforated
construction not wider than the entrance to the platform
plus 25 mm (1 in.).·The door shall be self-closing and
extend to a height· of at least 1100 mm (42 in.) above
the top terminal landing. The lift side of the door and
sill shall present a smooth surface located not closer
than 10 mm (0.375 in.) nor more than 20 mm (0.75 in.)
from the access edge of the platform floor.
2.1.2.4 The side of the platform providing access
to the lower landing shall be guarded by a platform
door of unperforated construction. The door shall be
self-closing and at least 1100 mm (42 in.) high.
2.1.2.5 All doors shall be provided with a combination mechanical lock and electric contact. Locking
devices shall be protected against tampering from the
landing side. The locking devices shall permit a door to
be opened only if the platform floor is within 50 mm
(2 in.) of the respective landing. The platform shall be
permitted to move away from the landing under control
of the normal operating device if the door is closed
but not locked, provided that the device will cause the
platform to stop if it moves more than 50 mm (2 in.)
away from the landing before the door is locked.
2.1.2.6 The platform side of the landing doors and
sills shall present a smooth surface and shall not project
beyond the vertical line of travel of the platform. No
hardware shall project beyond the vertical line of travel
of the platform, except for that required for door locks
and electric contacts. The doors shall withstand, without
permanent deformation, a force of 550 N (125 lbf)
applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) area.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
~
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
2.1.2.7. Smooth vertical fascias of unperforated
construction shall be securely fastened from the top terminallanding sill and any intermediate landing sill to
the level of the bottom terminal landing sill. They shall
be equal to or stronger than 1.5 mm (0.0598 in.) sheet
steel and guard the full width of the platform floor. The
fascias shall notbe permanently deformed when a force
of 550 N (125 lbf) is applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by
100 mm (4 in.) area.
2.1.2.8 The platform enclosure walls on the sides
not used for entrance or exit shall be of smooth construction to a height of at least 1100 mm (42 in.) above
the platform floor with no openings, other than those
necessary for operation. Openings necessary for operation shall reject a ball 12 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. A
grab rail extending the full length of either side wall
shall be provided at a height of 850 mm (34 in.) to
1000 mm (38 in.). The running clearance between the
platform enclosure wall and the vertical face of the
machine housing shall be not less than 50 mm· (2 in.)
nor more than 75 mm (3 in.). Where an obstruction or
surface less than 1100 mm (42 in.) above the top landing
other than machine housing, stationary guard panels,
shutter type (telescoping) guard panels or sides used
for entering and exiting is within 300 mm (12 in.) of
the platform enclosure walls and presents a pinching,
shearing, or crushing hazard, a smooth continuous surface shall be provided extending from the lower landing
to a height of not less than 1100 mm (42 in.) above the
top landing. Where an obstruction or surface is between
1100 mm (42 in.) and 2000 mm (80 in.) above the top
landing, a smooth continuous surface shall be provided
extending from the lower landing to a height of not less
than 75 mm (3 in.) above the obstruction~ The continuous
surface shall be located on the lift side of the obstruction
not closer than 50 mm (2 in.) to the platform enclosure
walls.
2.1.3.3 A smooth vertical fascia shall be provided
from the top terminal landing sill and any intermediate
landing sill to the level of the bottom terminal landing
sill. Openings necessary for operation shall reject a ball
12 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. A device to stop the platform
if an object protrudes beyond the platform edge into
the running clearance shall be provided if the fascia is
perforated. The device used shall be effective for the
full width of the platform opening and for the full travel
of the platform. The fascia shall be equal to or stronger
than 1.5 mm (0.0598 in.) sheet steel and guard the full
width of the platform. The surface shall not be permanently deformed when a force of 550 N (125 lbf) , is
applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) area.
(05)
2.1.3.4 The side of the platform providing access
to the lower landing shall be guarded in accordance
with the requirements of para. 2.1.3.4.1 or 2.1.3.4.2.
(05)
2.1.3.4.1 The lower landing side of the platform
shall be guarded by a platform door of unperforated
construction. The door shall be self-closing, at least
1100 mm (42 in.) high, and withstand, without permanent deformation, a force of 550 N (125Ibf) on a 100 mm
(4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) area.
2.1.3.4.2 The lower landing side of the platform
shall be guarded by a powered, retractable passenger
restraining arm(s) conforming to the following:
(a) The arm(s) shall be located above the leading edge
of the platform on the lower landing side at a height of
not less than 800 mm (32 in.) or greater than 1000 mm
(38 in.). Gaps between the adjacent ends of arm sections
or the end of arm sections and the lift sidewall shall not
exceed 100 mm (4 in.) when the arms are in their guarding position.
_(b) The arm(s) shall be of smooth construction with all
edges rounded. They shall not be permanently deformed
when a force of 300 N (66 lbf) is applied on any point
along the length of the arms in any direction. In addition,
they shall not be permanently deformed when a force
of 1 000 N (225 lbf) is applied in the horizontal direction
along the center line of the platform.
(c) Each retractable arm shall be mechanically locked
and monitored by an electric contact, which shall stop
the movement of the platform within 50 mm (2 in.) of
travel away from any landing if the arm is not in its
locked guarding position. Means shall be provided to
manually unlock the retractable arm(s) for emergency
evacuation purposes. The unlocking mechanism shall
not be readily accessible to the passenger.
(d) Control shall be by means of a continuous pressure
device. The closing speed shall not exceed 0.3 m/s
(1 ft/sec) as measured at the fastest point. The force
necessary to prevent closing of the arm(s) shall not
exceed 140 N (30 lbf) as measured at the mid-point
across the arm at the boarding end of the platform.
2.1.3 Runway Enclosure Not Provided
2.1.3.1 The runway entrance shall be guarded at
the upper landing by a door of unperforated construction. The door shall be self-closing, at least 1100 mm
(42 in.) high, and withstand, without permanent deformation, a force of 550 N (125 lbf) applied on a 100 mm
(4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) area. The door shall be located
not more than 75 mm (3 in.) from the platform sill.
2.1.3.2 The runway entrance shall be guarded at
any intermediate landing by a door of unperforated
construction not wider than the entrance to the platform
plus 25 mm (1 m.). The door shall be self-closing and
extend to a height of at least 1100 mm (42 in.) above
the top terminal landing. The lift side of the door and
sill shall present a smooth surface located not closer
than 10 mm (0.375 in.) nor more than 20 mm (0.75 in.)
from the access edge of the platform floor.
9
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A1B.1-2005
The arm(s) may operate in the direction away from an
obstruction.
(e) A retractable ramp shall be provided in conformance with para. 2.1.5.2.
2.1.3.6.3 A force sensitive safety surface shall
be provided covering the entire floor area directly under
the moving platform plus 75 mm (3 in.) beyond any
exposed platform edge. The device shall prevent downward motion of the platform when activated by a force
not to exceed 70 N (15 lbf) applied anywhere on its
surface. The lift shall be permitted to operate in the
upward direction. Downward motion shall be permitted
to resume when the force is removed.
2.1.3.5 The sides of the platform not used for
entrance or exit shall be guarded by walls of smooth
construction with no openings, other than those necessary for the operation of the lift, to a height of at least
1100 mm (42 in.). Those openings necessary for operation shall reject a ball 12 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. A
grab bar extending the full length of either side guard
shall be provided at a height of 850 mm (34 in.) to
1 000 mm (38 in.).
(05)
2.1.3.7 The clearance between the platform floor
and the upper landing sill shall be not less than 10 mm
(0.375 in.) nor more than 20 mm (0.75 in.).
2.1.3.8 All doors, except as provided in para.
2.1.3.9, shall be provided with a combination mechanical
lock and electric contact. Locking devices shall be protected against tampering from the landing side. The
locking devices shall permit a door to be opened only
if the platform floor is within 50 mm (2 in.) of the respective landing. The platform shall be permitted to move
away from the landing under control of the normal
operating device if the door is closed put not locked,
provided that the devices will cause the platform to stop
if it moves away from the landing more than 50 mm
(2 in.) before the door is locked.
2.1.3.6 The underside of the platform shall be
guarded in accordance with the requirements of para.
2.1.3.6.1, 2.1.3.6.2, or 2.1.3.6.3.
2.1.3.6.1 The underside of the platform shall
be equipped with a device which, if the platform is
obstructed in its downward travel by a force not to
exceed 70 N (15Ibf) applied anywhere on its underside,
will actuate a minimum of two serising devices which
shall cause electric power to be removed from the driving machine motor and brake, if provided, and cause
the platform to stop its downward motion within 50 mm
(2 in.). The stroke of the device shall not be less than
the stopping distance of the platform. The lift shall be
permitted to operate away from the obstruction. Downward motion shall be permitted to resume when the
obstruction is removed.
2.1.3.9 Where the lift is installed at a location that
does not have guard rails at the upper landing as allowed
by building codes (see definition), the requirements of
paras. 2.1.3.1, 2.1.3.2, and 2.1.3.3 shall be permitted to
be omitted when platform gates are provided. They shall
extend to a height at least equal to the top terminal
landing height plus 150 mm (6 in.) measured when the
platform is at its lowest position. The gates shall be of
unperforated construction, self-closing and be provided
with electric contacts to prevent movement of the platform if the gates are not closed. The gates shall not be
permanently deformed when a force of 550 N (125Ibf)
is applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) area.
2.1.3.6.2 The underside of the platform shall be
equipped with a bellows or similar device that shall not
be permanently deformed when a force of 550 N (125
lbf) is applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.)
area. Deflection of the bellows due to a force of 330 N
(75Ibf) applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.)
area shall not exceed 75 mm (3 in.) or the distance to
contact an internal moving component other than the
bellows support mechanism, whichever is less. Deflection shall be measured with the platform at uppermost
landing.
(a) The upper attachment point of the bellows shall
be permitted to be inset from the outer edge of the
platform provided that the exposed area of the underside of the platform is equipped with a device that conforms to para. 2.1.3.6.1.
(b) Deflection greater than that allowed by para.
2.1.3.6.2 shall be permitted, provided that any additional
deflection actuates a sensing device that causes the electric power to be removed from the driving machine
motor and brake, if provided, and causes the platform
to stop its downward motion within 50 mm (2 in.).
Downward motion shall be permitted to resume when
the bellows is returned to its normal condition.
2.1.3.10 The requirements of para. 2.1.3.7 shall be
permitted to be increased to 75 mm (3 in.) if a platform
gate complying with para. 2.1.3.9 and an automatically
folding ramp to service the upper landing is provided.
When deployed, the ramp shall have a minimum overlap
at the upper landing sill of 50 mm (2 in.) and shall be
substantially level. It shall be provided with an electric
contact, which will stop the movement of the platform
within 150 mm (6 in.) of travel away from the upper
landing if the ramp has failed to rise to its retracted
position.
2.1.4 Pipes in Runway Vicinity. Pipes conveying
steam, gas, or liquids that, if discharged into the runway,
would endanger life or health shall not be permitted.
2.1.5 Lower Level Access Ramps and Pits. Lifts shall
be permitted to have a pit. Unenclosed pits shall not
exceed 100 mm (4 in.) in depth. Where a pit is not
10
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of AS ME.
~.
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ASME A18.1-200S
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
provided, a floor mounted or retractable platform floor
mounted ramp shall be provided in accordance with
para. 2.1.5.1 or 2.1.5.2.
2.2.2.2
Bolts shall conform to ASTM A 307.
2.2.2.3
Rivets shall conform to ASTM A 502.
2.2.3 Requirements for Metals Other Than Steel. Metals other than steel shall be permitted to be used provided the factor of safety is not less than,and the
deflections are not more than, the values specified in
this section, and provided that cast iron is not used.
Ramping inclinations for floor mounted
ramps shall be not greater than
(a) 1 in 8 for heights up to 75 mm (3 in.)
(b) 1 in 10 for heights up to 100 mm (4 in.)
(c) 1 in 12 for heights greater than 100 mm (4 in.)
2.1.5.1
2.2.4 Stresses and Deflections
Retractable ramps shall be automatically
actuated and shall remain in their elevated position until
the platform returns to the landing. When in use, the
inclination of the ramps shall not be greater than
(a) 1 in 4 for heights up to 50 mm (2 in.)
(b) 1 in 6 for heights up to 65 mm (2.5 in.)
(c) 1 in 8 for heights up to 75 mm (3 in.)
(d) 1 in 10 for heights up to 100 mm (4 in.)
(e) 1 in 12 for heights greater than 100 mm (4 in.)
2.1.5.2
2.2.4.1 Guide Rails. For steels conforming to the
requirements of para. 2.2.2, the stresses in a guide rail
or in the rail and its reinforcement, due to the horizontal
forces imposed on the rail during loading, unloading or
running, calculated without impact, shall not exceed
100 MPa (15,000 psi), and the deflection shall not exceed
6 mm (0.25 in.).
Where steels of greater strength than those specified
in para. 2.2.2 are used, the stresses specified shall be
permitted to be increased proportionately based on the
ratio of the ultimate strengths.
2.1.6 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
2.1.6.1 The installation of electrical equipment
and wiring shall conform to the requirements of ANSI!
NFPA 70.
2.2.4.2 Brackets, Fastenings, and Supports. The
guide-rail brackets, their fastenings and supports, such
as building beams and walls, shall be capable of resisting
the horizontal forces imposed by rated load with a total
deflection to the point of support not in excess of 3 mm
(0.125 in.).
2.1.6.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
2.1.7 Structural Support. The structure on which the
equipment is installed shall be capable of safely supporting the loads imposed.
2.2.5 Guide-Rail Surfaces. Guide-rail surfaces used
for guiding a platform or counterweight shall be sufficiently smooth and true to operate properly with the
guiding members. Those surfaces that the platform or
counterweight safeties engage shall be smooth and true
within the tolerances required to ensure proper safety
application without excessive retardation or excessive
out-of-Ievel platform floor conditions resulting.
2.1.8 Headroom Clearance. Headroom clearance
throughout the range of travel shall be not less than
2000 mm (80 in.) as measured vertically from the platform floor.
2.2 Guide Rails
Guide rails shall conform to the requirements of paras.
2.2.1 through 2.2.7. Where tee rails are provided they
shall also conform to the requirements of paras. 2.2.8
and 2.2.9. Rail joints shall be designed to maintain the
accuracy of the rail alignment and to withstand the stress
and deflection limitations stipulated in para. 2.2.4.
2.2.6 Overall Length of Guide Rails. The platform and
counterweight guide rails shall extend at the top and
bottom to prevent the guiding members from disengaging from the guide rails if either the platform or counterweight reaches its extreme limit of travel.
2.2.1 Material. Guide rails, guide-rail brackets, rail
The building construction forming the supports for the
guide rails, and the guide-rail brackets, shall be designed
to safely withstand the application of the platform or
counterweight safety when stopping the platform and
its rated load or the counterweight; and withstand the
forces specified in para. 2.2.4.2 within the deflection
limits specified.
Where necessary, the building construction shall be
reinforced to provide adequate support for the guide
rails.
2.2.7 Design and Strength of Brackets and Supports~
clips, fishplates, and their fastenings shall be of steel or
other metals conformirig to the requirements of para.
2.2. Where steel may present an accident hazard, as in
chemical or explosive plants, guide rails shall be permitted to be of selected wood or other suitable nonmetallic
materials.
2.2.2 Requirements for Steel, Where Used
2.2.2.1 Rails, brackets, fishplates, and rail clips
shall be made of open-hearth steel or its equivalent having a tensile strength of not less than 380 MPa (55,000
psi) and having an elongation of not less than 22% in a
length of 50 mm (2 in.).
2 Runway-enclosure walls of bricks, terra cotta, and similar materials, used in buildings of steel and concrete construction, are
usually insufficient in strength to form by themselves adequate
supports for the guide rails.
11
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
2.2.8 Bracket Fastenings. Guide-rail brackets shall be
secured to their supporting structure by means of bolts
or rivets, or by welding. Fastening bolts and bolt holes
in brackets and their supporting beams shall conform
to the requirements of para. 2.2.9. Welding, where used,
shall conform to the requirements of para. 9.1.
Shafts that support drums, sheaves, gears, couplings,
and other members, and· which transmit torque, shall
be provided with tight-fi~ing keys.
2.2.9 Fastening of Guide Rails to Rail Brackets. Guide
rails shall be secured to their brackets by clips, welds,
or bolts. Bolts used for fastening shall be of such strength
as to withstand the forces specified in paras. 2.2.4.2
and 2.2.7.
Welding, where used, shall conform to the requirements of para. 9.1.
2.3.1.4 Worm gearing having cast iron teeth shall
not be used on the driving machine.
2.3.1.3 Friction gearing, clutch mechanisms, or
couplings shall not be used to connect a driving machine
drum or sheave to the main driving mechanism.
2.3.1.5 Driving-machine chains and sprockets
shall be of steel and shall conform in design anddimensions to the requirements of ANSI/ ASME B29.1.
. 2.3.1.6 Winding drums, traction shea'ves, overhead sheaves, and deflecting sheaves used with suspension and compensating ropes shall be of metal, shall be
provided with finished grooves for ropes, or shall be
permitted to be lined with nonmetallic groove material,
and have a pitch diameter of not less than 30 times the
diameter of the suspension ropes. Where 8 x 19 steel
rope or 7 x 19 steel aircraft cable is used the pitch
diameter of the drums and sheaves shall be permitted to
be reduced to 21 times the diameter of the rope or cable.
Where the grooves are used to transmit power, sufficient traction shall be provided between the rope and
groove, and in the event of nonmetallic lining failure,
between the rope and the remaining sheave groove, to
safely stop and hold the platform with 125% of the
rated load.
2.3 Driving Means and Sheaves
The driving means shall be one of the following:
(a) winding drum
(b) traction
(c) roped sprocket
(d) chain sprocket
(e) screw
if) rack and pinion
(g) direct-plunger hydraulic
(h) roped-hydraulic
(i) lever hydraulic
(j) friction
Driving means utilizing a combination of two or more
means shall conform to all applicable requirements of
the respective means unless stated otherwise.
2.3.2 Hydraulic Driving Machines. Direct-plunger
hydraulic driving machines, where used, shall conform
to the requirements of para. 8.1, except para. 8.1.2.
Roped-hydraulic machines shall also conform to the
requirements of para. 8.1 except for paras. 8.1.1, 8.1.3,
8.1.4.3, and 8.1.4.7.
2.3.1 General Requirements
2.3.1.1 The factor of safety, based on the static
load (the rated load plus the weight of. the platform,
ropes, counterweights, etc.)( to be used in the design
of driving machines and sheaves, including fasteners
transmitting load, shall not be less than 8 for steel,
bronze, or other metals having an elongation of less than
14% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.) or 10 for cast iron or
other metals having an elongation of less than 14% in
a length of 50 mm (2 in.). Other factors of safety for
specific driving means are further specified in section 8.
2.3.3 Screw Machines. Screw machines, where used,
shall conform to para. 8.2.
2.3.4 Friction Machines. Friction machines, where
used, shall conform to para. 8.3.
2.3.5 Machine Framework and Base. The machine
framework, base, and fastenings to the buildings where
used, shall be of metal construction, have a factor of
safety of not less than 5 based on the rated load, and
shall be secured in place with support provided to limit
their deflections to 6 mm (0.25 in.) maximum in any
direction under rated load. Cast iron shall not be used.
2.3.1.2 Set screws or threaded portions located in
the shear plane of bolts and screws shall not be used to
transmit load.
Means shall be provided to ensure that there is not
relative motion between rigidly joined components
transmitting load.
Where flexible couplings are used to transmit load,
means shall be provided to prevent disengagement of
the coupling components in the event of failure or excessive motion in the flexible connection.
A fillet shall be provided at any point of change in the
diameter of driving-machine shafts and sheave shafts to
prevent excessive stress concentrations in the shafts.
2.3.6 Guiding Member Enclosures. The guiding members shall be enclosed with a solid enclosure to prevent
accidental contact. If openings are necessary in this
enclosure for operation, they shall reject a ball 20 mm
(0.75 in.) in diameter.
2.3.7 Machinery Beams and Supports
2.3.7.1 All machinery and sheaves shall be so supported and secured to prevent any part becoming loose
12
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
or displaced. Beams directly supporting machinery shall
be of steel or reinforced concrete.
2.3.9.2 Monitoring and Brake Location. Each belt or
chain in a set shall be continuously monitored by a
broken belt or chain device that shall function to automatically interrupt power to the machine and apply the
brake if any belt or chain in the set breaks or becomes
excessively slack. The driving machine brake shall be
located on the traction sheave or drum assembly side
of the driving machine so as to be fully effective if the
entire belt set or chain set should break.
2.3.7.2 Overhead beams and sheaves shall be
designed for not less than the total load on overhead
beams, which shall be assumed to be equal to the weight
of all apparatus resting on the beams plus twice the
maximum load suspended from the beams. The load
resting on the beams shall include the complete weights
of the driving machine, sheaves, controller, etc. The load
suspended from the beams shall include the sum of the
tensions in all ropes suspended from the beams.
2.3.9.3 Replacement of Belts or Chains. If one belt
or chain of a set is worn, stretched, or damaged so as
to require replacement, the entire set shall be replaced.
Sprockets and toothed sheaves shall also be replaced if
worn.
2.3.7.3 The driving machine or sheaves~ except
idlers or deflecting sheaves with their guards and
frames, shall not be fastened to the underside of the
supporting beams at the top of the runway.
2.4 Driving Machine Brakes
2.3.7.4 Cast iron in tension shall not be used for
supporting members for sheaves where they are hung
beneath beams.
.
2.4.1 Driving machines, except hydraulic, shall be
equipped with friction brakes directly attached to the
driving means through a continuous shaft, mechanical
coupling, or toothed gearing applied by springs, or by
gravity, and released electrically.
2.3.8 Guarding of Driving Machines and Suspension
Mearis. The driving machine and suspension means
shall be enclosed with a solid enclosure. Any opening
required for operation shall reject a ball 20 mm (0.75 in.)
in diameter. Access shall be provided by a removable
panel for inspecting and servicing. The panel shall be
screwed, locked, or bolted in place.
2.4.2 A single ground or short circuit, a countervoltage or a motor-field discharge shall not prevent the
brake magnet from allowing the brake to set when the
operating device is placed in the stop position.
2.4.3 A machine brake is not required if a self-locking
drive utilizing a lead screw, worm, or other positive
gearing that will stop and hold the platform with the
rated load within 100 mm (4 in.) of down travel after
the power is removed is provided.
2.3.9 Indirect-Drive Machines. Indirect-drive machines, utilizing V-belt drives, tooth drive belts, or drive
chains, shall conform to the requirements of paras.
2.3.9.1,2.3.9.2, and 2.3.9.3, except that the requirements
of para. 2.3.9.2 shall be permitted to be omitted if a selflocking drive meeting the requirements of para. 2.4.3 is
provided. If multiple belts or chains are provided, they
shall be preloaded and matched for length in sets.
2.5 Suspension and Support Means
2.5.1 General Requirements
2.5.1.1 Suspension and support means shall be
one or more of the following:
(a) steel or iron wire rope
(b) steel aircraft cable
(c) chain
(d) hydraulic
(e) rack and pinion
if) screw
(g) friction machine guides and rollers
(h) lever
Suspension and support means utilizing a combination of two or more means shall conform to all applicable
requirements of the respective means unless stated
otherwise.
2.3.9.1 General Requirements. Belt sets shall be
selected on the basis of the manufacturer's rated breaking strength and a factor of safety of 10. Chain and
sprocket sets shall be selected on the basis of recommendations set forth in the Supplementary Information section of ANSI! ASME B29.1, using a service factor of 2.
Offset links in chain are not permitted.
Sprockets in a chain drive set and also a driven set
shall be assembled onto a common hub, with teeth cut
in-line after assembly to ensure equal load distribution
on all chains. Tooth sheaves for a belt drive shall be
constructed in a manner to ensure equal load distribution on each belt in the set. Load determination for both
the belt and chain sets shall be based on the maximum
static loading on the platform, which is the full load in
the platform at rest and at a position in the runway that
creates the greatest load, including either the platform
or counterweight resting on its buffer.
Chain drives and belt drives shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact and to prevent foreign
objects from interfering with drives.
2.5.1.2 Steel tapes or welded link chains shall not
be used as suspension means.
. 2.5.1.3 Where ropes or chains are used, no fewer
than two shall be provided.
2.5.1.4 For rated loads up to 230 kg (500 lb), ropes
shall have a minimum diameter of 6 mm (0.25 in.) and
13
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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(05)
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASMEA18;1~200S
2.6 Platforms
chains shall have a minimum pitch of 12 mm (0.5 in.).
For higher rated loads, ropes shall have a minimum
diameter of 10 mm (0.375 in.) and chains shall have a
minimum pitch of 15 mm (0.625 in.).
(OS)
2.6.1 Frame and Floor. The frame shall be of metal
construction and have a factor of safety of not less than
5 based on the rated load. The floor shall be of metal
or wood construction with a nonskid surface.
2.5.2 Factors of Safety. The suspension and support
means shall have a factor of safety of not less· than 7
based on the tension or forces exerted on the suspension
and support means when raising the rated load. When
the platform and counterweight are suspended by steel
ropes and the driving means between the machine and
the counterweight is an endless roller-type chain, the
factor of safety of such chain shall be not less than 8,
based on the rated load. See section 8 for special requirements for particular drive systems.
2.6.2 Securing of Enclosures. The enclosure shall be
securely fastened to the floor and so supported that it
cannot loosen or become displaced in ordinary service,
on the application of the platform safety, or on buffer
engagement. The enclosure shall be so constructed that
removable portions cannot be dismantled from within
the platform.
Enclosure linings, decorative panels, light fixtures,
and other apparatus or equipment attached to the enclosure shall be securely fastened and so supported that
they will not loosen or become displaced in ordinary
service, on platform safety application, or on buffer
engagement.
Panels attached to the enclosure for decorative or
other purposes shall not be unfastened from inside the
platform by the use of common tools or shall be permitted to be removed from inside the platform when perforations, exceeding that which would reject a ball 12 mm
(0.5 in.) in diameter, in the enclosure used for panel
hanging or support have permanent means to prevent
straight through passage beyond the running clearance.
2.5.3 Arc of Contact of Suspension Means on Sheaves
and Sprockets. The arc of contact of a wire rope on a
traction sheave shall be sufficient to produce adequate
traction under all load conditions. The arc of contact of
a chain on a driving sprocket shall be not less than
140 deg.
2.5.4 Spare Rope Turns on Winding Drums. All wire
ropes of winding drum machines shall have not less
than one full tum of the rope on the drum when the
platform or counterweight has reached its limit of possible overtravel.
2.6.3 Strength and Deflection of Enclosure Walls. The
enclosure walls shall be designed and installed to withstand a force of 330 N (75Ibf) applied horizontally at any
point on the walls of the enclosure without permanent
deformation nor cause the deflection to exceed 25 mm
(1 in.).
2.5.5 Securing Suspension Ropes to Winding Drums.
The drum ends of wire ropes shall be secured on the
inside of the drum of winding drum machines by clamps
or by tapered babbitted sockets, or by other means
approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
.
2.6.4 Use of Cast Iron. Cast iron shall not be used in
the construction of any load bearing member of the
platform frame or floor other than for guide shoes and
guide shoe brackets.
2.5.6 Lengthening, Splicing, Repairing, or Replacing
Suspension Means. Suspension ropes shall not be
lengthened or repaired by splicing. Broken or worn suspension chains shall not be repaired. If one rope or chain
of a set is worn or damaged and requires replacement,
the entire set of ropes or chains shall be replaced. If a
chain or sprocket is replaced due to wear, all chains and
sprockets shall be replaced.
2.6.5 Floor Area. The inside net floor area shall not
exceed 1.7 m 2 (18 ff).
2.6.6 Illumination
2.6.6.1 At the threshold of the floor, with the landing door open, the minimum illumination shall be not
less than 50 Ix (5 fc).
2.5.7 Fastening of Rope Suspension Means to Platform. The platform ends of wire ropes shall be fastened
in a return loop by properly made individual tapered
babbitted sockets or properly attached fittings as recommended by wire rope manufacturers. Clips of the Ubolt type shall not be used. Tapered babbitted rope sockets and the method of babbitting shall conform to the
requirements of para. 9.8.
2.6.6.2 During operation, the minimum illumination on the floor and controls shall be not less than 50 Ix
(5 fc).
2.6.6.3 An auxiliary illumination source to provide general illumination of not less than 2.2 Ix (0.2 fc)
on the floor and controls shall be provided.
The auxiliary system shall be automatically activated
when normal illumination power fails and shall be capable of maintaining the above illumination intensity for
a period of not less than 4 hr and shall use no fewer
than two lamps of approximately equal wattage.
2.S.S Guarding. All suspension means shall be
guarded against accidental contact. Suspension means
that operate within a guide or track and travel at the
same speed and in the same direction as the platform
shall be considered suitably guarded.
14
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-200S
In Case Of Fire
Do Not Use Lift
o
e
WHITE
BLACK
@
RED
Fig. 2.6.7
Platform Lift Corridor Call Station Pictograph
2.6.7 Protection of Platforms Against Fire. For lifts
that penetrate a floor, and when fire resistive runway
enclosure construction is required by building code, the
underside of wood platforms, the exposed surfaces of
wood platform stringers, and edges of laminated platforms shall be protected against fire by one of the following methods:
(a) covering with sheet steel of 0.4 mm (0.0164 in.) in
thickness or with equally fire-retardant materiaL
(b) painting with an approved fire-retardant paint
having a flame spread rating of not over 50, applied in
accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer.
Such ratings shall be based on the test procedure specified in ANSI! ASTM E 84.
A pictograph as shown in Fig. 2.6.7 should be posted
over each platform lift corridor call station. The pictograph is 125 mm (5 in.) wide and 200 mm (8 in.) high.
2.6.8.1' Platforms shall be permitted to have a top
provided the top is non-load-bearing and marked to
indicate it cannot sustain a load.
2.7 Capacity, Speed, and Travel
2.7.1 Limitation of Load, Speed, and Travel. The rated
load shall be not less than 200 kg (450 lb) nor more than
340 kg (750 lb). The lift shall be capable of sustaining
and lowering a load as specified in Fig. 9.7. The rated
speed shall not exceed 0.15 m/s (30 ft/min). The travel
shall not exceed 4 250 mm (168 in.). Travel of lifts conforming to para. 2.1.3 shall not exceed 1 500 mm (60 in.).
, Platforms with a floor greater than 1.4 m 2 (15 tt2) shall
have rated load of not less than 340 kg (750 lb).
2.7.2 Capacity Plates. A capacity plate stating the
rated load shall be provided by the manufacturer and
fastened in a conspicuous place. The letters and numerals used shall be not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in height.
2.6.8 A full passenger enclosure shall not be permitted.
1.11
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
(05)
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
(05)
2.7.3 Data Plates. A data plate shall be provided by
the manufacturer and securely fastened to the machine.
The plate shall state the rated speed, rated load, weight
of platform, suspension and support means, date of
manufacture, and manufacturer's name. Letters and
numerals shall be not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in height.
used, and where partially loaded prior to safety operation, the loading on the spring shall not produce a fiber
stress exceeding one-half the elastic limit of the material.
During·operation of the safety, the fiber stress shall not
exceed 85% of the elastic limit of the material. Helical
springs, where used, shall be in compression.
2.7.4 Restriction Sign. A sign shall be securely fastened in a conspicuous place at each landing and on the
platform. The sign shall state "No Freight" in letters not
less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) high and shall include the
international symbol of accessibility.
2.8.2.3 Safety-rope drums, leading sheaves, and
their supporting brackets and safety-jaw gibs shall be
permitted to be made of cast iron and other metals
provided such parts have a factor of safety of not less
than 10.
2.8 Safeties and Speed Governors
2.8.2.4 Rope used as a connection from the safety
to the governor rope, including rope wound on the
safety-rope drum, shall be not less than 3 mm (0.125 in.)
in diameter and shall be made of a corrosion-resistant
metal. The factor of safety of the rope shall be not less
than 5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
All platforms shall be provided with a safety, except
as permitted in para. 2.8.8. The safety shall be actuated
by the action of a speed governor or by the breakage or
slackening of the suspension or support means. Where
actuation is by a governor, the safety shall be set at a
maximum speed of 0.4 m/ s (75 ft/ min). Where actuation
is by breakage or slackening of the suspension or support means, the safety shall be set without delay, and
independent of the speed governor, if provided.
Safety parts shall conform to the requirements of
paras. 2.8.2 and 2.8.3. Where hoisting ropes are used,
the application of safeties shall conform to the requirements of para. 2.8.4.
The application and release of safeties shall conform
to the requirements of paras. 2.8.5, 2.8.6, and 2.8.7.
2.8.2.5 The factors of safety shall be based upon
the maximum stresses developed in the parts during
the operation of the safety when stopping rated load
from governor tripping speed.
2.8.2.6 Safety-rope leading-sheave brackets and
other safety operating parts shall not be attached to or
supported by wood members.
2.8.3 Material and Factor of Safety. Governor ropes,
where provided, shall be of iron, steel, monel metal,
phosphor bronze, or stainless steel. They shall be of a
regular-lay construction, and not less than 6 mm
(0.25 in.) in diameter. The factor of safety of governor
ropes shall be not less than 5. Tiller-rope construction
shall not be used.
2.8.1 Screw Drive Machines. When screw drive
machines are used, safeties and speed governors conforming to para. 2.8.1 shall be permitted.
2.8.1.1 The down speed of the platform shall be
limited with rated load to not over 0.9 m/s (175 ft/min)
in the event of failure of the driving means.
2.8.4 Type A (Instantaneous) Safeties. On the parting
of the hoisting ropes (free fall), Type A governor operated safeties, where provided, shall apply without
appreciable delay, and their application shall be independent of the· speed action of the governor and of the
location of the break in the hoisting ropes (inertia application), and shall be permitted to be accomplished by
the use of a governor and governor rigging having a
sufficiently high value of inertia to apply the safety on
free fall independently of the speed action of the governor.
2.8.1.2 The fall of the platform in the event of
failure of the driving nut shall be limited to a distance
not exceeding 12 mm (0.5 in.), by utilizing a safety nut
or other equivalent means.
2.8.1.3 The capability of the alternate safety
devices described in paras. 2.8.1.1 and 2.8.1.2 to function
as required shall be verified by engineering tests as
described in para. 9.6.
2.8.2 Minimum Factors of Safety and Stresses of
Safety Parts and Rope Connections
2.8.5 Means of Application. Safeties shall be applied
mechanically. Electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices
shall not be used to apply the safeties required by section
2, nor to hold such safeties in the retracted position.
2.8.2.1 Parts of safeties, except springs, safetyrope drums, leading sheaves, and their supporting
brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall have a factor of safety
of not less than 311z, based on the ultimate strength of
the material, and the materials used shall have an elongation of not less than 15% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.).
Forged, cast, or welded parts shall be stress relieved.
2.8.6 Level of Platform Floor on Safety Application.
The application of a Type A or Type B safety to stop the
platform, with its rated load centered on each quarter
of the floor symmetrically with relation to the center
line of the floor, shall not cause the floor to be out of
level more than 30 mm/m (0.375 in./ft) in any direction.
2.8.2.2 Springs shall be permitted to be used in the
operation of platform or counterweight safeties. Where
Hi
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of AS ME.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
2.9.5 The final terminal stopping device shall not
control the same controller switches as the normal stopping device unless two or more separate and independent switches are provided, two of which shall be closed
to complete the driving-machine motor-and-brake circuit in either direction of travel. Where a two- or threephase alternating-current driving-machine motor is
used, these switches shall be of the multi-pole type.
The control shall be so designed and installed that a
single ground or short circuit shall be permitted to prevent either the normal or final stopping device circuits
from stopping the platform, but not prevent both.
2.8.7 Release. When platform safeties are applied,
no decrease in tension in the governor rope nor motion
of the platform in the down direction shall release the
safeties, but such safeties shall be permitted to be
released by the motion of the platfor-m in the up
direction.
(05)
2.8~8 Platform Safety Exceptions. Platform safeties
are not required for lifts with the following driving
means:
(a) direct-plunger hydraulic
(b) other drives that do not utilize a flexible suspension means, provided that the failure of a single -drive
component cannot result in the platform overspeeding
- or the floor going out of level more than 30 mm/ m
(0.375 in.! ft) in any direction, and said failure would
cause the platform to stop by application of a safety
switch or equivalent means.
2.9.6 Final terminal stopping devices are not
required for direct-plunger or roped hydraulic driving
machines. Lower final terminal stopping devices are not
required where the limitations of the machine or runway
limit the travel of the platform (e.g., a platform at rest
on the bottom terminal landing).
2.9 Terminal Stopping Devices
2.10 Operating Devices and Control Equipment
2.9.1 Normal terminal stopping devices required by
para. 2.9.2 shall be permitted to use mechanically operated, magnetically operated, optical, or static-type
switches.
Final terminal stopping devices required by para. 2.9.3
shall use only mechanically operated switches.
Terminal stopping devices that are located on the platform or in the runway shall be of the enclosed type and
securely mounted in such a manner so that horizontal
movement of the platform shall not affect the operation
of the device.
2.10.1 Operation. Operation of the lift from the landings and from the platform shall be controlled by "UP"
and "DOWN" control switches at all stations, and shall
be by means of the continuous-pressure type. Controls
shall be 1 200 mm (48 in.) maximum and 380 mm (15 in.)
minimum above the platform floor or facility floor or
ground level. Operating devices shall be designed so
that both the "UP" and "DOWN" circuits cannot be
operated at the same time.
2.10.2 Attendant Operation
2.10.2.1 Where applicable, and where approved
by the authority having jurisdiction, the lift shall be
permitted to be attendant-operated. The attendant shall
be summoned by means of a clearly labeled attendantcall device located at each landing.
2.9.2 Normal stopping devices operated by the platform shall be provided, and shall be set to stop the
platform floor within a tolerance of 12 mm (0.5 in.)
of the landings under rated loading to zero loading
conditions. The normal stopping devices shall be permi tted to also serve as the upper and lower terminal stopping devices. -
2.10.2.2 The attendant shall operate the platform
by means of a continuous-pressure switch so located
that the attendant has full view of the floor area under
the platform and full view of the platform throughout
its travel. A manually reset emergency stop switch shall
also be provided at that location.
2.9.3 Upper and lower final terminal stopping
devices operated by the platform shall be provided to
remove power from the motor and brake if provided,
except as specified in para. 2.9.6. They shall be set to
stop the platform after it travels past the normal terminal
stopping device and before striking an obstruction. A
slack-rope device equipped with a slack-rope switch of
the enclosed manually reset type, which shall cause the
electric power to be removed from the driving machine
motor and brake, if provided, if any hoisting rope
becomes slack, shall be permitted as the lower final
terminal stopping device.
2.10.2.3 No controls, other than an emergency
stop switch, shall be provided in the platform.
2.10.3 Control and Operating Circuit Requirements.
The design and installation of the control and operating
circuits shall conform to the following.
2.10.3.1 Control systems that depend on the completion or maintenance of an electric circuit shall not be
used for interruption of the power and application of
the machine brake at terminal landings, or for stopping
the machine when the safety applies.
2.9.4 Final terminal stopping device switch contacts
shall be directly opened mechanically. Arrangements
that depend on a spring, or gravity, or a combination
thereof, to open the contacts shall not be used.
2.10.3.2 If springs are used to actuate switches,
contactors, or relays to break the circuit to stop the lift
17
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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£m
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
at the terminal landings, they shall be of the restrained
compression type.
be opened and the brake shall apply automatically when
any operating device in para. 2.10.1 or 2.10.2 is in the
stop position, and when any electrical protective device
.
functions.
2.10.3.3 The failure of any single magnetically
opera ted switch, relay, or contactor to release in the
intended manner, or the failure of any solid state device
to operate as intended, or the occurrence of a single
accidental ground or combination of accidental grounds
shall not permit the lift to start if this failure renders
ineffective any electrical protective device.
2.10.9 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
2.10.9.1 All electrical equipment and wiring shall
conform to the requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70.
2.10.9.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
2.10.4 Motor Reversal Protection. Where a noninstantaneous reversible motor is used, a protective circuit or device shall be provided to prevent the motor
from continuing in the same direction if the reversmg
control is activated.
2.10.10 Manual Operations. Means shall be provided
to permit authorized personnel from a position outside
the platform to raise or lower the platform manually in
the event of power failure, unless standby (emergency)
power is provided.
2.10.5 Phase Reversal and Failure Protection. Lifts
having polyphase alternating current power supply
shall be provided with means to prevent the starting of
the lift motor if the phase rotation is in the wrong direction, or if there is a failure of any phase.
This protection shall be considered· to be provided if a
reversal of phase of the incoming polyphase alternating
current power will not cause the lift driving machine
motor to operate in the wrong direction.
2.11 Emergency Signals
If the platform is installed in an area not visible to
personnel at all times, emergency signaling devices shall
be provided in accordance with the requirements of para.
2.11.1 or 2.11.2. Standby power shall be provided in
accordance with para. 2.11.3.
.
2.11.1 The platform shall be provided with an audible signaling device, operable from the emergency stop
switch, marked also with" ALARM" or from a separate
switch marked "ALARM," which is located in or adjacent to each platform operating panel. The switch
marked "ALARM" shall illuminate when actuated. The
signaling device shall be audible inside the platform
and outside the runway. The audible signaling device
shall have a rated sound pressure rating of not less than
80 dBA nor greater than 90 dBA at 3 000 mm (120 in.)
and respond without delay after the switch has been
activated.
2.10.6 Emergency Stop Switch. An emergency stop
switch shall be provided on the platform and located
in or adjacent to each platform operating panel. When
opened, this switch shall cause the electric power to be
removed from the driving-machine motor and brake if
provided.
Emergency stop switches shall be of the manually
opened and closed type and have red operating handles
or buttons.
They shall be conspicuously and permanently marked
"STOP" and indicate the "STOP" and "RUN" positions.
Switches shall be positively opened mechanically and
their opening shall not be solely dependent on springs.
2.11.2 The lift shall be provided with a means of twoway conversation between the platform and a readily
accessible point outside the runway which is available
to emergency personnel (telephone, intercom, etc.). The
means to activate the two-way conversation system does
not have to be provided on the platform.
2.10.7 Slack-Rope and Slack-Chain Devices for Winding Drum and Roller-Chain-Type Driving Machines. Winding drum driving machines with rope suspension shall
be provided with a slack-rope device of the manually
reset type that will remove power from the motor and
brake if the platform is obstructed in its descent and the
suspension ropes slacken. Lifts with roller chain suspension means shall be provided with a slack-chain device
that will remove power from the motor and brake if the
platform is obstructed in its descent and the suspension
means slacken. This device is not required to be of the
manually reset type if the chain sprockets are guarded
to prevent the chain from becoming disengaged from
the sprockets.
2.11.3 If the audible signaling device(s), or the
means of two-way conversation, or both, are normally
connected to the building power supply, they shall automatically transfer to a source of standby or emergency
power as required by the applicable building code or,
where applicable, Standard for Health Care Facilities
(ANSI/NFPA 99) after the normal power supply fails.
The power source shall be capable of providing for the
operation of the audible signaling device and illumination of the alarm switch for at least 1 hr, and the means
of two-way conversation for at least 4 hr.
2.10.8 Release and Application of Driving-Machine
Brake. Driving-machine brakes shall not be electrically
released until power has been applied to the drivingmachine motor. All power feed lines to the brake shall
2.12 Standby Power
(05)
Lifts equipped with standby power shall comply with
this rule.
lR
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
(05)
2.12.1 Standby Power. Except where permitted by
2.12.1.1, the lift shall be powered by a standby power
system from the building.
3.1.3 Pipes in Runway Vicinity. Pipes c'onveying
steam, gas, or liquid that, if discharged into the runway,
would endanger life or health' shall not be permitted.
2.12.1.1 Battery Power. A lift equipped with
rechargeable battery power capable of cycling the lift
under full load for five cycles minimum after building
power is removed shall be permitted.
3.1.4 Lower Level Access Ramps and Pits. Lifts shall
be permitted to have a pit. Unenclosed pits shall not
exceed 100 mm (4 in.) in depth. Where a pit is not
provided, a floor mounted or retractable platform floor
mounted ramp shall be provided in accordance with
para. 3.1.4.1 or 3.1.4.2.
2.13 Code Data Plate
A data plate shall be provided that indicates the A1S.1
Standard to be used for inspections and tests. The data
plate shall be in plain view, securely attached on the
main line disconnect or on the controller. The data plate
shall be of such material and construction that the letters
and figures stamped, etched, cast, or otherwise applied
to the face shall remain permanently and readily legible.
The height of the letters and figures shall be not less
than 3 mm (0.125 in.).
3
3.1.4.1 Ramping inclinations for floor mounted
ramps shall be not greater than
(a) 1 in S for heights up to 75 mm (3 in.)
(b) 1 in 10 for heights up to 100 mm (4 in.)
(c) 1 in 12 for heights greater than 100 mm (4 in.)
3.1.4.2 Retractable ramps shall be automatically
actuated and shall remain in their elevated position until
the platform returns to the landing. When in use, the
inclination of the ramps shall not be greater than
(a) 1 in 4 for heights up to 50 mm (2 in.)
(b) 1 in 6 for heights up to 65 mm' (2.5 in.)
(c) 1 in S for heights up to 75 mm (3 in.)
(d) 1 in 10 for heights up to 100 mm (4 in.)
(e) 1 in 12 for heights greater than 100 mm (4 in.)
INCLINED PLATFORM LlFTS 3
Section 3 applies to inclined platform lifts installed in
locations other than in or at a private residence for use
by the mobility impaired.
3.1.5 Structural Support. The structure on which the
lift is installed shall be capable of safely supporting the
loads imposed.
3.1 Runways
3.1.1 Means of Egress. Lifts shall be installed so that
the means of egress is maintained as required by the
authority having jurisdiction.
3.1.6 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
3.1.6.1 The installation of electrical equipment
and wiring shall conform to the requirements of ANSI!
NFPA 70.
3.1.2 Clearances. Clearances between the platform
and adjacent surfaces shall not be less than 20 mm
(0.75 in.). At no point in its travel shall the edge of the
platform floor facing the uppermost landing be more
than 600 mm (24 in.) above a step or landing as measured
vertically.
3.1.6.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
3.2 Guide Rails and Tracks
3.1.2.1 Headroom clearance where the platform
3.2.1 Material. Guide rails shall be of metal con-
is positioned for boarding shall not be less than 2 000 mm
(SO in.) as measured vertically from all points on the
surface of the platform floor.
struction.
3.2.1.1 Requirements for Steel, Where Used. Rails,
brackets, fishplates, and rail clips shall be made of openhearth steel or its equivalent having a tensile strength
of not less than 3S0 MPa (55,000 psi) and having an
elongation of not less than 22% in a-length of 50 mm
(2 in.). Bolts shall conform to ASTM A 307. Rivets shall
conform to ASTM A 502.
3.1.2.2 Headroom clearance during travel shall be
not less than 1500 mm (60 in.) as measured vertically
from any point on the surface of the platform floor.
(05)
3.1.2.3 If the headroom is less than 2000 mm
(SO in.) measured from all points on the platform floor
surface throughout its travel a caution sign shall be provided. The caution sign shall contain the words "CAUTION. LOW OVERHEAD" and "SEAT AND SEATBELT
PROVIDED." The caution sign shall be securely fastened
in a conspicuous place. Letters shall be not less than
6 nun (0.25 in.) high.
Metals other than steel shall be permitted to be used
provided the factor of, safety is not less than, and the
deflections are not more than, the values specified in
section 3, and provided that cast iron is not used.
See section 6 for the requirements for this equipment installed
in or at a private residence.
3.2.1.3 Guide-Rail Surfaces. Guide-rail surface
used for guiding a platform or counterweight shall be
sufficiently smooth and true to operate properly with
3.2.1.2 Requirements for Metals Other Than Steel.
3
19
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
transmitting load, shall not be less than 8 for steel,
bronze, or other metals having an elongation of at least
14% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.) or 10 for cast iron or
other metals having an elongation of less than 14% in
a length of 50 mm (2 in.). Other factors of safety for
specific driving means are further specified in section 8.
the guiding members. Those surfaces that the platform
or counterweight safeties engage shall be smooth and
true within the tolerances· required to ensure proper
safety application without excessive retardation or
excessive out-of-Ievel platform conditions resulting.
. 3.2.2 Location. The top and bottom ends of each run
of guide rails shall be so located in relation to the extreme
positions of travel of the platform that the platform guiding members cannot travel beyond the ends of the
guide rails.
·3.3.1.2 Set screws or threaded portions located in
the shear plane of bolts and screws shall not be used to
transmit load.
Means shall be provided to ensure that there is no
relative motion between rigidly joined components
transmitting load.
Where flexible couplings are used to transmit load,
means shall be provided to prevent disengagement of
the coupling components in the event of failure or excessive motion in the flexible connection.
A fillet shall be provided at any point of change in the
diameter of driving-machine shafts and sheave shafts to
prevent excessive stress concentrations in the shafts.
Shafts that support drums, sheaves, gears, couplings,
and other members, and that transmit torque, shall be
provided with tight-fitting keys.
3.2.3 Stresses and Deflections of Guide Rails and
Their Brackets
3.2.3.1 Guide Rails. For steels conforming to para.
3.2.1.1 the stresses in a guide rail or in the rail and its
reinforcement, due to the horizontal forces imposed on
the rail during loading, unloading, or running, calculated without impact, shall not exceed 100 MPa (15,000
psi), and the deflection shall not exceed 6 mm (0.25 in.).
Where steels of greater strength than those specified
in para. 3.2.1.1 are used, the stresses specified shall be
permitted to be increased proportionately based on the
ratio of the ultimate strengths.
3.3.1.3 Friction gearing, clutch mechanisms, or
couplings shall not be used to connect a driving machine
drum or sheave to the main driving mechanism.
3.2.3.2 Brackets, Fastenings, and Supports. The
guide-rail brackets, their fastenings and supports, such
as building beams and walls, shall be capable of resisting
the horizontal forces imposed by the rated load with a
total deflection at the point of support not in excess of
3 mm (0.125 in.).
3.3.1.4 Worm gearing having cast iron teeth shall
not be used on the driving machine.
3.3.1.5 Driving-machine chains and sprockets
shall be of steel and shall conform in design and dimensions to the requirements of ANSI! ASME B29.1.
3.2.4 ·Factor of Safety. The factor of safety used in
the design of guide rails shall be not less than 5, based
on the rated load.
3.3.1.6 Winding drums, traction sheaves, overhead sheaves, and deflecting sheaves used with suspension and compensating ropes shall be of metal, be
provided with finished grooves for ropes or shall be
permitted to be lined with nonmetallic groove material,
and have a pitch diameter of not less than 30 times the
diameter of the suspension ropes. Where 8 x 19 steel
rope or 7 x 19 steel aircraft cable is used, the pitch
diameter of the drums and sheaves shall be permitted to
be reduced to 21 times the diameter of the rope or cable.
Where the grooves are used to transmit power, sufficient traction shall be provided between the rope and
groove, and in the event of nonmetallic lining failure,
between the rope and the remaining sheave groove, to
safely stop and hold the platform with 125% of the
rated load.
3.2.5 Anchoring. The supporting tracks or guide rails
shall be securely anchored to the stairs, floor surface, or
side wall.
3.3 Driving Means and Sheaves
The driving means shall be one of the following:
(a) winding drum
(b) traction
(c) roped sprocket
(d) chain sprocket
(e) screw
if) rack and pinion
(g) direct-plunger hydraulic
(h) roped-hydraulic
(i) lever hydraulic
(j) friction
3.3.2 Hydraulic Driving Machines. Direct-plunger
hydraulic driving machines, where used, shall conform
to the requirements of para. 8.1 except para. 8.1.2.
Roped-hydraulic machines shall also conform to the
requirements of para. 8.1, except for paras. 8.1.1, 8.1.3,
8.1.4.3, and 8.1.4.7.
3.3.1 General Requirements
3.3.1.1 The factor of safety, based on the static
load (the rated load plus the weight of the· platform,
ropes, counterweights, etc.), to be used in the design
of driving machines and sheaves including fasteners
3.3.3 Screw Machines. Screw machines, where used,
shall conform to para. 8.2.
20
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIfTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
3.3.4 Friction Machines. Friction machines, where
used, shall conform to para. 8.3.
brake magnet from allowing the brake to set when the
operating device is placed in the stop position.
3.3.5 Location of Power Unit and Alignment and
Guarding of Sheaves and Sprockets. The power unit shall
be permitted to be mounted in t;he platform or placed
at a remote location. If remotely located, all intervening
sheaves and sprockets shall be so placed that the rope
or chain travels in the proper alignment. All sheaves
and sprockets shall be enclosed or guarded.
3.4.2 A machine brake is not required if a self-locking
drive utilizing a lead screw, worm, or other positive
gearing that will stop and hold the platform with the
rated load within 100 mm (4 in.) of down travel after
the power is removed is provided.
3.5 Suspension and Support Means
3.3.6 Indirect-Drive Machines. Indirect drive
machines, utilizing V-belt drives, tooth drive belts, or
drive chains, shall conform to the requirements of paras.
3.3.6.1,3.3.6.2, and 3.3.6.3, except that the requirementsof para. 3.3.6.2 shall be permitted to be omitted if a selflocking drive meeting the requirements of para. 3.4.2 is
provided. If multiple belts or chains are provided, they
shall be preloaded and matched for length in sets.
3.5.1 General Requirements
3.5.1.1 Suspension and support means shall be
one of the following:
(a) steel or iron wire rope
- (b) steel aircraft cable
(c) roller chain
(d) direct-plunger hydraulic
(e) roped-hydraulic
if) rack and pinion
(g) screw
(h) friction machine guides and rollers
3.3.6.1 General Requirements. Belt sets shall be
selected on the basis of the manufacturer's rated breaking strength and a factor of safety of 10. Chain and
sprocket sets shall be selected on the basis of recommendations set forth in the Supplementary Information section of ANSI! ASME B29.1, using a service factor of 2.
Offset links in chain are not permitted.
Sprockets in a chain drive set and also a driven set
shall be assembled onto a common hub, with teeth cut
in-line after assembly to assure equal load distribution
on all chains. Tooth sheaves for a belt drive shall be
constructed in a manner to assure equal load distribution on each belt in the set. Load determination for both
the belt and chain sets shall be based on the maximum
static loading on the platform, which is the full load in
the platform at rest and at a position in the runway that
creates the greatest load, including either the platform
or counterweight resting on its buffer.
Chain drives and belt drives shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact and to prevent foreign
objects from interfering with drives.
3.5.1.2 Steel tapes or welded link chains shall not
be used as suspension means.
3.5.1.3 Where wire ropes are used, the diameter
shall not be less than 6 mm (0.25 in.).
3.5.2 Factors of Safety. The suspension and support
means shall have a factor of safety of not less than 7
based on the tension in the rope, cable, chain, or forces
exerted on the hydraulic cylinder, screw drive, or rack
and pinion when raising the rated load. When the platform and counterweight are suspended by steel ropes
and the driving -means between the machine and the
counterweight is an endless roller-type chain, the factor
of safety of such chain shall be not less than 8, based
on the rated load. See section 8 for special requirements
for particular drive systems.
3.5.3 Arc of Contact of Suspension Means on Sheaves
and Sprockets. The arc of contact of a wire rope on a
traction sheave shall be sufficient to produce adequate
traction under all load conditions. The arc of contact of
a chain on a driving sprocket shall be not less than
140 deg.
3.3.6.2 Monitoring and Brake Location. Each belt or
chain in a set shall be continuously monitored by a
broken belt or chain device that shall function to automatically interrupt power to the machine and apply
the brake if any belt or chain in set breaks or becomes
excessively slack. The driving machine brake shall be
located on the traction sheave or drum assembly side
of the driving machine so as to be fully effective if the
entire belt set or chain set should break.
3.5.4 Spare Rope Turns on Winding Drums. All wire
ropes of winding drum machines shall have not less
than one full tum of the rope on the drum when the
platform or counterweight has reached its limit of possible overtravel.
3.4 Driving-Machine Brakes
3.4.1 Driving machines, except hydraulic, shall be
equipped with electrically released spring applied
brakes directly attached to the driving means through
a continuous shaft, mechanical coupling, or toothed
gearing. A single ground or short circuit, a countervoltage, or a motor-field discharge shall not prevent the
3.5.5 Securing Suspension Ropes to Winding Drums.
The drum ends of wire ropes shall be secured by clamps
on the inside of the drum of winding drum machines
or by tapered babbitted sockets, or by other means
approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
21
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
3.6.4 Floor Area. The inside floor area shall not exceed
1.1 m 2 (12 ff).
3.5.6 Lengthening, Splicing, Repairing, or Replacing
Suspension Means. Suspension wire ropes shall not be
lengthened or repaired by splicing. Broken or worn suspension chains shall not be repaired. If one rope or chain
of a set is worn or damaged and requires replacement,
the entire set of ropes or chains shall be replaced. If a
chain or sprocket is replaced due to wear, all chains and
sprockets shall be replaced.
3.6.5 Material. Metals having an elongation less than
20% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.) shall not be used in
the construction of any member of the frame or floor.
3.6.6 Glass on Platforms. Glass shall be perriUtted to
be used on platforms subject to the following.
3.5.7 Fastening of Rope Suspension Means to Platform. The platform ends of wire ropes shall be fastened
in a return loop by properly made individual tapered
babbitted sockets or properly attached fittings as recommended by wire rope manufacturers. Clips of the Ubolt type shall not be used. Tapered babbitted rope sockets and the method of babbitting shall conform to the
requirements of para. 9.8.
3.6.6.1 It shall be installed and guarded so as to
provide adequate protection for passengers in case the
glass panels break or are dislodged.
3.6.6.2 It shall be so mounted in the structure so
that the structure, including the glass in place, shall
withstand the required lift tests without damage.
3.6.6.3 Glass greater than 0.1 m 2 (1 ff) in area and
abutting panels whose total area is greater than 0.1 m 2
(1 ff) shall be laminated glass as defined by ANSI Z97.1
or 16 CFR, Part 1201, Section 1201.2 or be glass bonded
to a nonpolymeric coating, sheeting, or film backing
having a physical integrity to hold the fragments when
the glass breaks. Glass shall be tested and conform to
the acceptance criteria for laminated glass as specified
in ANSI Z97.1 or 16 CFR, Part 1201, Section 1201.4. The
glass shall be marked as required by ANSI Z97.1 or 16
CFR, Part 1201, Section 1201.5.
3.5.8 Guarding. All suspension means shall be
guarded against accidental contact. Suspension means
that operate within a guide or track and travel at the
same speed and in the same direction as the platform
shall be considered suitably guarded.
3.6 Platforms
3.6.1 Frame and Floor. The frame shall be of metal
construction and have a factor of safety of not less than
5 based on the rated load. The floor shall be of metal
or wood construction with a nonskid surface.
3.6.6.4 Markings as specified in ANSI Z97.1 shall
be on each separate piece of glass, and shall remain
visible after installation.
3.6.2 Securing of Enclosure. The enclosure shall be
securely fastened to the floor and so supported that it
cannot loosen or become displaced in ordinary service,
on the application of the platform safety, or on buffer
.engagement. The platform enclosure shall be so constructed that removable portions [annot be dismantled
from within the platform.
Enclosure linings, decorative panels, light fixtures,
and other apparatus or equipment attached to the enclosure shall be securely fastened and so supported that
they will not loosen or become displaced in ordinary
service, on platform safety application, or on buffer
engagement.
Panels attached to the enclosure for decorative or
other purposes shall not be unfastened from inside the
platform by the use of common tools or shall be permitted to be removed from inside the platform when perforations, exceeding that which would reject a ball-12 mm
(0.5 in.) in diameter, in the enclosure used for panel
hanging or support have permanent means to prevent
straight through passage beyond the running clearance.
3.6.7 Platform Truck and Guides. The platform shall
be securely anchored to a truck that supports it. The
truck shall be retained in a track or on a guide-rail
assembly.
3.6.8 Platform Guarding. Platform guarding shall be
in accordance with para. 3.6.8.1, or in accordance with
para. 3.6.8.2.
3.6.8.1 Platform With Enclosure. The platform shall
be equipped with a self-closing door at least 1100 mm
(42 in.) high on the sides of access to the bottom landing.
The door shall be of solid construction and provided
with a combination mechanical lock and electric contact
and shall only be operable within 50 mm (2 in.) of the
bottom landing. It shall be permitted to allow the platform to move if the door or gate is in the closed position,
but not locked, provided the device will stop the platform if the door or gate fails to lock before the platform
has moved more than 50 min (2 in.) away from the
bottom landing.
The platform enclosure walls on the sides not used
for access or exit shall be of smooth construction to a
height of 1100 mm (42 in.) above the platform floor with
no openings, other than those necessary for operation.
Openings necessary for operation shall reject a ball
12 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. A grab rail extending the
3.6.3 Strength and Deflection of Enclosure Walls. The
enclosure walls shall be designed and installed to withstand a force of 330 N (751bf) applied horizontally at any
point on the walls of the enclosure without permanent
deformation nor cause the deflection to exceed 25 mm
(1 in.).
22
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
of 1000 N (225Ibf) is applied in the horizontal direction
along the center line of the platform.
(c) The arms shall be provided in independent sections. At landings, the retractable ramp and arm at the
boarding end of the platform shall be operable only
when the arm at the non-boarding end of the platform
is in its locked guarding position.
(d) Each retractable arm shall be mechanically locked
and monitored by an electric contact, which shall stop
the movement of the platform within 50 nun (2 in.) of
travel away from any landing if the arm is not in its
locked guarding position. Means shall be provided to
manually unlock the retractable arms for emergency
evacuation purposes. The unlocking mechanism shall
not be readily accessible to the passenger.
(e) Where the retractable arms are power operated,
control shall be by means of a continuous pressure
device. The closing speed shall not exceed 0.3 m/s (1
ft/ s) as measured at the fastest point. The force necessary
to prevent closing of power operated arms shall not
exceed 140 N (30 lbf) as measured from rest at the midpoint across the arm at the boarding end of the platform.
The arms may operate in the direction away from an
obstruction.
full. length of either wall shall be provided at a height
not less than 850 nun (34 in.) or greater than 1 000 nun
(38 in.) from the platform floor. The running clearance
between the platform enclosure walls and any adjacent
surface shall not be less than 50 nun (2 in.).
3.6.8.2 Platform With Passenger Restraining Arms.
A grab rail shall be provided at a height not less than
850 nun (34 in.) or greater than 1000 nun (38 in.) from
the platform floor.
3.6.8.2.1 The side of the platform adjacent to
the track or guide rail assembly shall be provided with
a guard of smooth, solid construction and of height
that shall prevent the seated passenger from making
accidental contact with moving suspension or driving
means or moving platform trucks. The guard shall have
no openings other than those necessary for operation.
Such openings shall reject a ball 12 mm (0.5 in.) in
diameter.
3.6.8.2.2 The non-boarding sides of the platform
shall be provided with a guard of smooth, solid construction and of a height not less than 6 in. (150 nun).
3.6.8.2.3 The sides of the platform used for
boarding shall be provided with retractable metal ramps
of a minimum height of 150 nun (6 in.) measured vertically from the surface of the platform floor, locked in
their guarding positions. At a landing, only the retractable ramp serving the landing shall be operable. It shall
be operable only when the passenger restraining arm
at the nonboarding end of the platform is in its locked
guarding position. Retractable ramps shall be mechanically locked and monitored by an electric contact, which
shall stop the movement of the platform within 50 nun
(2 in.) of travel away from the landing if the ramps
have failed to rise to their elevated position. Retractable
ramps, in their guarding position, shall withstand, without permanent deformation, a force of 550 N (125 lbf)
applied on any 100 nun (4 in.) by 100 nun (4 in.) area.
Thfs force shall not cause the height of the ramp, at any
point in its length, to be less than 150 nun (6 in.) measured vertically from the surface of the platform floor.
3.6.9 Obstruction Devices. The upward and downward facing edges of the platform floor and the entire
underside shall be equipped with obstruction devices.
The obstruction devices shall stop the platform lift from
traveling in the direction of the obstruction within a
distance of 2 in. (50 nun) if the obstruction exerts a
force of 20 N (4 lbf) or more. The platform lift shall be
permitted to operate in the direction away from the
obstruction.
The underside obstruction device shall stop the platform lift only when the platform lift is obstructed while
traveling in the down direction.
3.6.10 The lift shall be provided with a folding seat
and seatbelt with a rated load of not less than 115 kg
(250Ib).
3.7 Capacity, Load, Speed, and Angle of Inclination
3.7.1 Limitations of Capacity, Load, and Speed. The
capacity shall be one person. The rated load shall be not
less than 200 kg (450 lb) and not greater than 340 kg
(750 lb). The lift shall be capable of sustaining and lowering a load as specified in Fig. 9.7. The rated speed
measured along the incline shall not exceed 0.15 m/s
(30 ft/min).
3.6.8.2.4 The platform shall be provided with
retractable passenger restraining arms conforming to the
following:
(a) The arms shall be located above the perimeter of
the platform floor at not less than 800 nun (32 in.) or
greater than 1 000 nun (38 in.). Gaps between the adjacent ends of arm sections shall not exceed 100 nun (4 in.)
when the arms are in their guarding positions.
(b) The arms shall be of smooth construction with all
edges rounded. They shall not be permanently deformed
when a force of 300 N (66 lbf) is applied on any point
along the length of the arms in any direction. In addition,
they shall not be permanently deformed when a force
3.7.2 Limitation of Angle. No lift shall be installed to
operate on a greater incline than 45 deg as measured
on the mean.
3.7.3 Capacity Plate. A capacity plate stating the
rated load in pounds shall be furnished by the manufacturer and fastened in a conspicuous place on the lift.
2:1
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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(05)
ASME A18.1-2005
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
3.8.1.4 Rope used as a connection from the safety
to the governor rope, including rope wound on the
safety-rope drum, shall be not less than 3 mm (0.125 in.)
in diameter and shall be made of a corrosion-resistant
metaL The factor of safety of the rope shall not be less
than 5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
Letters and numbers shall be not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.)
in height.
3.7.4 Data Plates. A data plate shall be provided by
the manufacturer and securely fastened in a conspicuous
place. The plate shall state the rated speed, rated load,
suspension or support means, date-of manufacture, and
manufacturer's name. Letters and numerals shall be not
less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in height.
3.8.1.5 The factors of safety shall be based upon
the maximum stresses developed in the parts during
the operation of the safety when stopping rated load
from governor tripping speed.
3.7.S Restriction Sign. A sign shall be provided at
each landing and on the platform and shall be securely
fastened in a conspicuous place. The sign shall state
"No Freight" in letters not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) high
and shall include the international symbol of accessibility.
3.8.1.6 Safety-rope leading-sheave brackets and
other safety operating parts shall not be attached to or
supported by wood platform members.
3.8.2 Material and Factor of Safety. Governor ropes
shall be of iron, steel, monel metal, phosphor bronze,
or stainless steeL They shall be of a regular-lay construction, and not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The
factor of safety of governor ropes shall be not less than
5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
3.8 Safeties and Speed Governors
All platforms shall be provided with a safety, except
platforms of direct-plunger hydraulic lifts. The safety
shall be actuated by the action of a speed governor
or by the breakage or slackening of the suspension or
support means. Where actuation is by a governor, the
safety shall be set at a maximum speed of 0.4 m/ s
(75 ft/min). Where actuation is by breakage or slackening of the suspension or support means, the safety
shall be set without delay, and independent of the speed
governor, if provided.
Safety parts shall conform to the requirements of para.
3.8.1. Governor ropes, where provided, shall conform
to the requirements of para. 3.8.2. The application and
release of safeties shall conform to the requirements of
para. 3.8.3.
3.8.3 Means of Application. Safeties shall be applied
mechanically. Electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices
shall not be used to apply the safeties required by this
section, nor to hold such safeties in the retracted
position.
3.8.3.1 Level of Platform Floor on Safety Application. The application of a Type A or Type B safety to
stop the platform with its rated load centered on each
quarter of the platform floor symmetrically with relation
to the center line of the platform floor, shall not cause
the platform floor to be out of level more than 30 mm/
m (0.375 in./ft) in any direction.
3.8.1 Minimum Factors of Safety and Stresses of
Safety Parts and Rope Connections
3.8.3.2 lRelease. When platform safeties are
applied, no decrease in tension in the governor rope
nor motion of the platform in the down direction shall
release the safeties, but such safeties shall be permitted
to be released by the motion of the platform in the up
direction.
3.8.1.1 Parts of safeties, except springs, safetyrope drums, leading sheaves, and their supporting
brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall have a factor of safety
of not less than 3Yz, based on the ultimate strength of
the material, and the materials used shall have an elongation of not less than 15% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.).
Forged, cast, or welded parts shall be stress relieved.
3.9 Terminal Stopping Devices
3.9.1 Normal terminal stopping devices required by
para. 3.9.2 shall be permitted to use mechanically operated, magnetically operated, optical, or static type
switches.
Final terminal stopping devices required by para. 3.9.3
shall use only mechanically operated switches for
determining platform position.
Terminal stopping devices that are located on the platform or in the runway shall be securely mounted in such
a manner so that horizontal movement of the platform
shall not affect the operation of the device.
3.8.1.2 Springs shall be permitted to be used in the
operation of platform or counterweight safeties. Where
used, and where partially loaded prior to safety operation, the loading on the spring shall not produce a fibre
stress exceeding one-half the elastic limit of the material.
During operation of the safety, the fibre stress shall not
exceed 85% of the elastic limit of the material.
~ Helical springs, where used, shall be in compression.
3.8.1.3 Safety-rope drums, leading sheaves, and
their supporting brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall be
permitted to be made of cast iron and other metals
provided such parts have a factor of safety of not lessthan 10.
3.9.2 Normal stopping devices operated by the platform shall be provided, and shall be set to stop the
platform floor within a tolerance of 12 mm (0.5 in.)
24
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
of the landings under rated loading to zero loading
conditions.
permitted to be attendant-operated. The attendant shall
be summoned by means of clearly labeled attendant call
stations placed at each landing.
3.9.3 Upper and lower final terminal stopping
devices operated by the platform shall be provided to
remove power from the motor and the brake if provided,
except as specified in para. 3.9.6. They shall be set to
stop the platform after it travels past the normal terminal
stopping device and before striking an obstruction. A
slack-rope device equipped with a slack-rope switch of
the enclosed manually reset type, which shall cause the
electric power tobe removed from the driving machine
motor and brake, if provided, if any hoisting rope
becomes slack, shall be permitted to be used as the lower
final terminal stopping device.
3.10.2.2 The attendant shall operate the lift by
means of a continuous-pressure switch located in a control box on the free end of a detachable, flexible cord
not more than 1500 mm (60 in.) in length. A manually
reset emergency stop switch shall also be provided in
the control box.
3.10.2.3 No controls, other than an emergency
stop switch, shall be provided on the lift.
3.10.2.4 Where the lift operates on a straight flight
of stairs, and where the platform is within sight during
its entire travel, provisions shall be permitted to be made
for the attendant to operate the lift from the top or
bottom of the stairs.
3.9.4 Final terminal stopping devices shall be
mechanically operated. The switch contacts shall be
directly opened mechanically. Arrangements that
depend on a spring, or gravity, or a combination thereof
to open the contacts shall not be used.
3.10.3 Control and Operating Circuit Requirements.
The design and installation of the control and operating
circuits shall conform to the following.
3.9.5 The final terminal stopping device shall not
control the same controller switches as the normal terminal stopping device unless two or more separate and
independent switches are provided, two of which shall
be closed to complete the driving-machine motor-andbrake circuit in either direction of travel. Where a twoor three-phase alternating-current driving-machine
motor is used, these switches shall be of the multipole
type.
The control shall be so designed and installed that a
single ground or short circuit shall be permitted to allow
either, but not prevent both, the normal and final stopping device circuits from stopping the platform.
3.10.3.1 Control systems that depend on-the completion or maintenance of an electric circuit shall not be
used for interruption of the power and application of
the machine brake at terminal landings or stopping the
machine when the safety applies.
3.10.3.2 If springs are used to actuate switches,
contactors, or relays to break the circuit to stop the lift
at the terminal landing, they shall be of the restrained
compression type.
3.10.3.3 The failure of any single magnetically
operated switch, relay, or contactor to release in the
intended manner, or the failure of any solid state device
to operate as intended, or the occurrence of a single
accidental ground or combination of accidental grounds
shall not permit the lift to start if this failure renders
ineffective any electrical protective device.
3.9.6 Final terminal stopping devices are not
required for direct-plunger hydraulic driving machines.
Lower final terminal stopping devices are not required
where the limitations of the machine or runway limit
the travel of the platform (e.g., a platform at rest on the
bottom terminal landing).
3.10.4 Motor Reversal Protection. Where a noninstantaneous reversible motor is used, a protective circuit or device shall be provided to prevent the motor
from continuing in the same direction if the reversing
control is activated.
3.10 Operating Devices and Control Equipment
3.10.1 Operation. Operation of the lift from the landings and from the platform shall be controlled by "UP"
and "DOWN" control switches at all stations, and shall
be by means of the continuous-pressure type. Controls
shall be 1 200 mm (48 in.) maximum and 380 mm (15 in.)
minimum above the platform floor or facility floor or
ground level. Controls shall be located within forward
or side reach of the passenger as defined in ANSI A117.1.
Operating devices shall be designed so that both the
"UP" and "DOWN" circuits cannot be operated at the
same time.
3.10.5 Phase Reversal and Failure Protection. Lifts
having polyphase alternating current power supply
shall be provided with means to prevent the starting of
the lift motor if the phase rotation is in the wrong direction, or if there is a failure of any phase. This protection
shall be considered to be provided if a reversal of phase
of the incoming polyphase alternating current power
will not cause the driving machine motor to operate in
the wrong direction.
3.10.2 Attendant Operation
3.10.6 Emergency Stop Switch. An emergency stop
switch shall be located within reach of the passenger
whether sitting in a wheelchair or sitting on the folding
3.10.2.1 Where applicable, and where approved
by the authority having jurisdiction, the lift, shall be
2.11
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A1B.1-2005
switch marked "ALARM," which is located in or adjacent to each platform operating panel. The switch
marked" ALARM" shall illuminate when actuated. The
signaling device shall be audible inside the platform
and outside the runway. The audible signaling device
shall have a rated sound pressure rating of not less than
80 dBA nor greater than 90 dBA at 3000 m (120 in.)
and respond without delay after the switch has been
activated.
seat and located 1 200 mm (48 in.) maximum and
380 mm (15 in.) minimum above the platform floor.
When opened, this switch shall cause the electric power
to be removed from the driving-machine motor and
brake. Emergency stop switches shall be of the manually
opened and closed type and have red operating handles
or buttons. They shall be conspicuously and permanently marked "STOP" and shall indicate the "STOP"
and "RUN" positions. Switches shall be positively
opened mechanically and their opening shall not be
solely dependent on springs.
3.11.2 The lift shall be provided with means of twoway conversation between the platform and a readily
accessible point outside the runway that is available to
emergency personnel (telephone, intercom, etc.). The
means to activate the two-way conversation system does
not have to be provided on the platform.
3.10.7 Slack-Rope and Slack-Chain Devices for Winding Drum and RoUer-Chain-Type Driving Machines. Winding drum driving machines with rope suspension shall
be provided with a slack-rope device of the manually
reset type that will remove power from the motor and
brake if the platform is obstructed in its descent and the
suspension ropes slacken. Lifts with roller chain suspension means shall be provided with a slack-chain device,
which will remove power from the motor and brake if
the platform is obstructed in its descent and the suspension means slacken. This device is not required to be of
the manually reset type if the chain sprockets are
guarded to prevent the chain from becoming disengaged
from the sprockets.
3.12 Standby Power
(05)
Lifts equipped with standby power shall comply with
this rule.
3.12.1 Standby Power. Except where permitted by
para. 3.12.1.1 the lift shall be powered by a standby
power system from the building ..
3.12.1.1 Battery Power. A lift equipped with
rechargeable battery power capable of cycling the lift
under full load for five cycles minimum after building
power is removed shall be permitted.
3.10.8 Release and Application of Driving-Machine
Brake. Driving-machine brakes shall not be electrically
released until power has been applied to the drivingmachine motor. All power feed lines to the brake shall
be opened, and the brake shall apply automatically
when any operating device in para. 3.10.1 or 3.10.2 is
in the stop position and when any electrical protective
device functions.
3.13 Code Data Plate
(05)
3.10.9.1 All electrical equipment and wiring shall
conform to the requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70.
A code data plate shall be provided that indicates the
A18.1 Standard to be used for inspections and tests. The
data plate shall be in plain view, securely attached on
the main line disconnect or on the controller. The data
plate shall be of such material and construction that the
letters and figures stamped, etched, cast, or otherwise
applied to the face shall remain permanently and readily
legible. The height of the letters and figures shall be no
less than 3 mm (0.125 in.).
3.10.9.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
4
3.10.9 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
3.10.10 Manual Operations. Means shall be provided
to permit authorized personnel from a position outside
the platform to raise or lower the platform manually in
the event of power failure, unless standby (emergency)
power is provided.
INCLINED STAIRWAY CHAIRLlFTS 4
Section 4 applies to inclined stairway chairlifts
installed in locations other than in or at a private residence for use by the mobility impaired.
4.1 Runways
4.1.1 Lifts shall be installed so that means of egress
is maintained as required by the authority having jurisdiction.
3.11 Emergency Signal
If the lift is installed in an area not visible to personnel
at all times, emergency signaling devices shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of para. 3.11.1
or 3.11.2.
4.1.2 The structure on which the equipment is
installed shall be capable of safely supporting the loads
imposed.
3.11.1 The lift shall be provided with an audible
signaling device, operable from the emergency stop
switch, marked also with" ALARM" or from a separate
4 See section 7 for the requirements for this equipment installed
in or at a private residence.
20
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRlIFTS
4.3.3 Screw Machines. Screw machines, where used,
shall conform to para. 8.2.
4.1.3 The installation of electrical equipment and
wiring shall conform to the requirements of ANSI!
NFPA 70.
4.3.4 Friction Machines. Friction machines, where
used, shall conform to para. 8.3.
4.1.4 Electrical equipment shall be certified to the
requirements of CAN/CSA 844.1/ ASME A17.5.
4.3.5 Location of Power Unit and Alignment and
Guarding of Sheaves and Sprockets. The power unit shall
be permitted to be mounted on the carriage or placed
at a remote location. If remotely located, all intervening
sheaves and sprockets shall be so placed that the rope'
Qr chain travels in the proper alignment. All sheaves
and sprockets shall be enclosed or guarded.
4.2 Guide Rails and Tracks
The supporting tracks or guide rails shall be securely
anchored to the stairs, floor surface, or side wall. The
factor of safety used in the design of the guide rails and
tracks shall be not less than 5 based on the rated load.
4.3 Driving Means and Sheaves
4.3.6 Indirect-Drive Machines. Indirect-drive machines, utilizing V-belt drives, tooth drive belts, or drive
chains, shall conform to the requirements of paras.
4.3.6.1,4.3.6.2, and 4.3.6.3, except that the requirements
of para. 4.3.6.2 shall be permitted to be omitted if a selflocking drive meeting the requirements of para. 4.4.2 is
provided. If multiple belts or chains are provided, they
shall be preloaded and matched for length in sets.
The driving means shall be one of the following:
(a) winding drum
(b) traction
(c) roped sprocket
(d) chain sprocket
(e) screw
if) rack and pinion
(g) direct-plunger hydraulic
(h) roped-hydraulic
(i) lever hydraulic
(j) friction
4.3.6.1 General Requirements. Belt sets shall be
selected on the basis of the manufacturer's rated breaking strength and a factor of safety of 10. Chain and
sprocket sets shall be selected on the basis of recommendations set forth in the Supplementary Information section of ANSI! ASME B29.1, using a service factor of 2.
Offset links in chain are not permitted.
Sprockets in a chain drive set. and also a driven set
shall be assembled onto a common hub, with teeth cut
in-line after assembly to assure equal load distribution
on all chains. Tooth sheaves for a belt drive shall be
constructed in a manner to assure equal load distribution on each belt in the set. Load determination for both
the belt and chain sets shall be based on the maximum
static loading on the carriage, which is the full load on
the chair at rest and at a position in the runway that
creates the greatest load, including either the carriage
or counterweight resting on its buffer.
Chain drives and belt drives shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact and to prevent foreign
objects from interfering with drives.
4.3.1 General Requirements
4.3.1.1 The factor of safety used in the design of
the sprockets and sheaves shall be not less than 5 based
on the rated load. See Section 8 for special requirements
for particular drive systems.
4.3.1.2 Driving-machine chains and sprockets
shall be of steel and shall conform in design and dimensions to the requirements of ANSI! ASME B29.1.
4.3.1.3 Winding drums, traction sheaves, overhead sheaves, and deflecting sheaves used with suspension and compensating ropes shall be of metal and be
provided with finished grooves for ropes or shall be
permitted to be lined with nonmetallic groove material,
and have a pitch diameter of not less than 30 times the
diameter of the suspension ropes. Where 8 x 19 steel
rope or 7 x 19 steel aircraft cable is used, the pitch
diameter of the drums and sheaves shall be permitted to
be reduced to 21 times the diameter of the rope or cable.
Where the grooves are used to transmit power, sufficient traction shall be provided between the rope and
groov~, and in the event of nonmetallic lining failure,
between jhe rope and the remaining sheave groove, to
safely stop and hold the chair with 125% of the rated
load.
4.3.6.2 Monitoring and Brake Location. Each belt or
chain in a set shall be continuously monitored by a
broken belt or chain device that shall function to automatically interrupt power to the machine and apply the
brake if any belt or chain in the set breaks or becomes
excessively slack. The driving machine brake shall be
located on the traction sheave or drum assembly side
of the driving machine so as to be fully effective if the
entire belt set or chain set should break.
4.3.2 Hydraulic Driving Machines. Direct-plunger
hydraulic driving machines, where used, shall conform
to the requirements of para. 8.1 except para. 8.1.2.
Roped-hydraulic machines shall also conform to the
requirements of para. 8.1 except for paras. 8.1.1, 8.1.3,
8.1.4.3, and 8.1.4.7.
4.3.6.3 Replacement of Belts or Chains. If one belt
or chain of a set is worn, stretched, or damaged so as
to require replacement, the entire set shall be replaced.
Sprockets and toothed sheaves shall also be replaced if
worn.
27
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
~
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
4.4 Driving-Machine Brakes
electric contact that shall prevent the operation of the
lift when the seat is not in the operating position.
4.4.1 A driving-machine brake directly attached to
the driving means through a continuous shaft, mechanical coupling, or toothed gearing of the electrically
released spring applied type shall be provided, except
on lifts with hydraulic driving machines.
4.6.1 Chair Truck and Guides. The chair shall be
securely anchored to a truck that supports it. The truck
shall be restrained in a track or on a guide-rail assembly.
4.6.2 Factors of Safety. The factor of safety used in
the design of the carriage and truck shall be not less
than 5 based on the rated load.
4.4.2 A machine brake is not required if a self-locking
drive utilizing a lead screw, worm, or other positive
gearing that will stop and hold the carriage with the
rated load within 100 mm (4 in.) of down travel after
the power is removed is provided.
4.6.3 Footrest Obstruction DeviCe. If the footrest is
located so that it is within 150 mm (6 in.) of the step
nosing or riser, a device shall be provided on the footrest
to stop the upward motion of the carriage if it encounters
an object between the footrest and step nosing or riser.
4.5 Suspension and Support Means
4.5.1 General Requirements
4.6.4 Footrest Clearance. At no point in its travel shall
the edge of the footrest facing the upper landing be
more than 600 mm (24 in.) above the step or landing as
measure vertically.
4.5.1.1 Suspension and support means shall be
one of the following:
(a) steel or iron wire rope
(b) steel aircraft cable
(c) roller chain
(d) direct-phll1ger hydraulic
(e) roped-hydraulic
if) rack and pinion
(g) screw
(h) friction machine guides and rollers
4.7 Capacity, Speed, and Angle of Inclination
4.7.1 Limitations of Capacity, Load, and Speed. The
capacity shall not exceed two persons. The rated load
shall not be less than 115 kg (250 lb) for a one-seat lift
and not less than 180 kg (400 lb) for a two-seat lift. The
rated speed shall not exceed 0.2 m/s (40ft/min).
4.7.2 Limitation of Angle. No lift shall be installed to
operate on a greater incline than 45 deg as measured
on the mean.
4.5.1.2 Steel tapes or welded link chains shall not
be used as suspension means. Where wire ropes are
used, the diameter shall not be less than 6 mm (0.25 in.).
Where aircraft cable is used, the diameter shall not be
less than 3 mm (0.125 in.).
4.7.3 Capacity Plate. A capacity plate stating the
rated load in pounds shall be furnished by the manufacture and fastened in a conspicuous place on the device.
Letters and numbers shall be not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.)
in height.
4.5.2 Factors of Safety. The suspension and support
means shall have a factor of safety of not less than 7
based on the tension in the rope, cable, chain, or forces
exerted on the hydraulic cylinder, screw drive, or rack
and pinion when raising the rated load. When the carriage and counterweight are suspended by steel ropes
and the driving means between the machine and the
counterweight is an endless roller-type chain, the factor
of safety of such chain shall be not less than 8, based
on the rated load. See section 8 for special requirements
for particular drive systems.
4.7.4 Data Plates. A data plate shall be provided by
the manufacturer and securely fastened in a conspicuous
place. The plate shall state the rated speed, rated load,
suspension or support means, date of manufacture, and
manufacturer's name. Letters and numerals shall be not
less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in height.
4.8 Safeties and Speed Governors
All carriages shall be provided with a safety, except
for carriages of direct-plunger hydraulic lifts. The safety
shall be actuated by the action of a speed governor
or _by the breakage or slackening of the suspension or
support means. Where actuation is by a governor, the
safety shall be set at a maximum speed of 0.4 m/s
(75 ft/min). Where actuation is by breakage of the suspension or support means, the safety shall be set without
delay, and independent of the speed governor, if provided. Safety parts shall conform to the requirements
of para. 4.8.1. Governor ropes, where provided, shall
conform to the requirements of para. 4.8.2. The application and release of safeties shall conform to the requirements of para. 4.8.3.
4.5.3 Replacement of Chains and Sprockets. If two
or more chains are used as a suspension or support
means and a worn chain or sprocket is replaced, all
chains and sprockets shall be replaced.
4.6 Chairs and Seats
Each chair shall have a foot platform and a seat with
a backrest and a seat belt. Each chair shall be equipped
with two hand grips or arms. If the chair stops less than
500 mm (20 in.) beyond the nose of the top landing,
measured horizontally from the center of the seat, a
swivel seat shall be provided. The swivel shall have a
positive locking mechanism, and the seat shall have an
2R
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
~
~
ASME A18.1-2005
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
4.8.3.2 Release. When carriage safeties are
applied, no decrease in tension in the governor rope nor
inotion of the carriage in the down direction shall release
the safeties but such safeties shall be permitted to be
released by the motion of the chair in the up direction.
4.8.1 Minimum Factors of Safety and Stresses of
Safety Parts and Rope Connections
4.8.1.1 Parts of safeties, except springs, safetyrope drums, leading sheaves, and their supporting
brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall have a factor of safety
of not less than 311z, based on the ultimate strength of
the material, and the materials used shall have an elongation of not less than 15% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.).
Forged, cast, or welded parts shall be stress relieved.
4.9 Terminal Stopping Devices
4.9.1 Normal terminal stopping devices required by
para. 4.9.2 shall be permitted to use mechanically operated, magnetically operated, optical, or static type
switches.
Final terminal stopping devices required by para. 4.9.3
shall use only mechanically operated switches for
determining platform position.
Terminal stopping devices that are located on the carriage or in the runway shall be of the enclosed type and
securely mounted in such a manner so that horizontal
movement of the carriage shall not affect the operation
of the device.
4.8.1.2 Springs shall be permitted to be used in the
operation of carriage or counterweight safeties. Where
used, and where partially loaded prior to safety operation, the loading on the spring shall not produce a fibre
stress exceeding one-half of the elastic limit of the material. During operation of the safety, the fibre stress shall
not exceed 85% of the elastic limit of the material. Helical
springs, where used, shall be in compression.
4.8.1.3 Safety-rope drums, leading sheaves, and
their supporting brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall be
permitted to be made of cast iron and other metals
provided such parts have a factor of safety of not less
than 10.
4.9.2 Upper and lower normal terminal stopping
devices operated by the carriage shall be provided, and
shall be set to stop the chair at or near the upper and
lower terminal landings under rated loading to zero
loading conditions.
4.8.1.4 Rope used as a connection from the safety
to the governor rope, including rope wound on the
safety-rope drum, shall be not less than 3 mm (0.125 in.)
diameter and shall be made of a corrosion-resistant
metal.
The factor of safety of the rope shall not be less than
5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
4.9.3 Upper and lower final terminal stopping
devices operated by the carriage to remove power from
the motor and the brake shall be provided, except as
specified in para. 4.9.6. They shall be set to stop the
carriage after it travels past the normal terminal stopping device and before striking an obstruction.
A slack-rope device equipped with a slack-rope switch
of the enclosed manually reset type that shall cause the
electric power to be removed from the driving machine
motor and brake if any hoisting rope becomes slack
shall be permitted to be used as the lower final terminal
stopping device. .
4.8.1.5 The factors of safety shall be based upon
the maximum stresses developed in the parts during
the operation of the safety when stopping rated load
from governor tripping speed.
4.8.1.6 Safety-rope leading-sheave brackets and
other safety operating parts shall not be attached to or
supported by wood platform members.
4.9.4 Final terminal stopping devices shall be
mechanically operated. The switch contacts shall be
directly opened mechanically. Arrangements that
depend on a spring, or gravity, or a combination thereof,
to open the contacts shall not be used.
4.8.2 Material and Factor of Safety. Governor ropes
shall be of iron, steel, monel metal, phosphor bronze,
or stainless steel. They shall be of a regular-lay construction, and not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The
factor of safety of governor ropes shall be not less than
5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
4.9.5 The final terminal stopping device shall not
control the same controller switches as the normal terminal stopping device unless two or more separate and
independent switches are provided, two of which shall
be closed to complete the driving-machine motor-andbrake circuit in either direction of travel. Where a twoor three-phase alternating-current driving-machine
motor is used, these switches shall be of the multipole
type. The control shall be so designed and installed that
a single ground or short circuit shall be permitted to
allow either, but not prevent both, the normal and final
stopping device circuits from stopping the carriage.
4.8.3 Means of Application. Safeties shall be applied
mechanically. Electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices
shall not be used to apply the safeties required by this
section, nor to hold such safeties in the retracted
position.
4.8.3.1 Level of Chair on Safety Application. The
application of a Type A or Type B safety to stop the
chair, with its rated load shall not cause the chair to be
out of level more than 30 mm/m (0.375 in./ft) in any
direction.
29
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
4.10.6 Control and Operating Circuits. The design and
installation of the control and operating circuits shall
conform to the following.
4.9.6 Final terminal stopping devices are not
required for direct-plunger hydraulic driving machines.
Lower final terminal stopping devices are not required
where the limitations of the machine or runway limit
the travel of the carriage (e.g., a carriage at rest on the
bottom terminal landing).
4.10.6.1 Control systems that depend on the completion or maintenance of an electric circuit shall not be
used for interruption of the power and application of
the driving-machine brake at terminal landings or stopping the machine when the safety applies.
4.10 Operating Devices and Control Equipment
4.10.1 Operation. Operation of thechairlift from the
upper or lower landing and from the chair shall be
controlled by "UP" and "DOWN" control switches at
all stations, and shall be by means of the continuouspressure type. Controls shall be 1 200 mm (48 in.) maximum and 380 mm (15 in.) minimum above the platform
floor or facility floor or ground level. Operating devices
shall be designed so that both the "UP" and "DOWN"
circuits cannot be operated at the same time.
4.10.6.2 If springs are used to actuate switches,
contactors, or relays to break the circuit to stop the lift
at the terminal landing, they shall be of the restrained
compression type.
4.10.7 Slack-Rope and Slack-Chain Devices for Winding Drum and Roller-Chain-Type Driving Machines. Winding drum driving machines with rope suspension shall
be provided with a slack-rope device of the manually
reset type that will remove power from the motor and
brake if the platform is obstructed in its descent and the
suspension ropes slacken. Lifts with roller-chain suspension means shall be provided with a slack-chain device
that will remove power from the motor and brake if the
platform is obstructed in its descent and the suspension
means slacken. This device is not required to be of the
manually reset type if the chain sprockets are guarded
to prevent the chain from becoming disengaged from
the sprockets.
4.10.2 Motor Reversal Protection. Where a noninstantaneous reversible motor is used, a protective circuit or device shall be provided to prevent the motor
from continuing in the same direction if the reversing
control is activated.
4.10.3 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
4.10.3.1 All electrical equipment and wiring shall
conform to the requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70.
4.11 Code Data Plate
4.10.3.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
A code data plate shall be provided that indicates the
A18.1 Standard to be used for inspections and tests. The
data plate shall be in plain view, securely attached on
the main line disconnect or on the controller. The data
plate shall be of such material and construction that the
letters and figures stamped, etched, cast, or otherwise
applied to the face shall remain permanently and readily
legible. The height of the letters and figures shall be not
less than 3 mm (0.125 in.).
4.10.3.3 The failure of any single magnetically
operated switch, relay, or contractor to release in the
intended manner, or the failure of any solid state device
to opera te as intended, or the occurrence of a single
accidental ground or combination of accidental grounds
shall not permit the lift to start if this" failure renders
ineffective any electrical protective device.
4.10.4 Phase Reversal and Failure Protection. Chairlifts having polyphase alternating current power supply
shall be provided with means to prevent the starting of
the motor if the phase rotation is in the wrong direction,
or if there is a failure of any phase.
This protection shall be considered to be provided if a
reversal of phase of the incoming polyphase alternating
current power will not cause the driving machine motor
to operate in the wrong direction.
5
PRIVATE RESIDENCE VERTICAL PLATFORM
LlFTS 5
Section 5 applies to vertical platform lifts where
installed in or at a private residence for use by the mobility impaired.
5.1" Runways
Runways shall be installed in accordance with para.
2.1.1,2.1.2,2.1.3, or 5.1.1. Runway construction for lifts
that penetrate a floor must comply with para. 2.1.1 and
with the building code. Only lifts installed in conformance with para. 2.1.1 shall serve more than two
landings.
4.10.5 Release and Application of Driving-Machine
Brake. Driving-machine brakes shall not be electrically
released until power has been applied to the drivingmachine motor. All power feed lines to the brake shall
be opened, and the brake shall apply automatically
when any operating device in para. 4.10.1 or 4.10.2 is in
the "STOP" position and when any electrical protective
device functions.
5 See section 2 for the requirements for this equipment installed
in locations other than in or at a private residence.
30
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A1B.1-200S
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
a minimum of two sensing devices which shall cause
electric power to be removed from the driving machine
5.1.1.1 The runway shall be guarded at the upper
. motor and brake, if provided, and cause the platform
landing by a door at least 900 mm (36 in.) high of solid
to stop its downward motion within 50 mm (2 in.). The
construction and provided with a combination mechanistroke of the device shall not be less than the stopping
cal lock and electric contact. The door shall be permitted
distance of the platform. The lift shall be permitted to
to be opened only if the platform floor is within 50 mm
opera te ,away from the obstruction. Downward motion
(2 in.) of that landing ..
shall be permitted to resume when the obstruction is
(OS)
5.1.1.2 A smooth vertical fascia shall be provided
removed. When the installation conforms to the require-.
from the top terminal landing sill and any intermediate. ments of para. 2.1.1 or 2.1.2, the sensing device on the
landing sill to the level of the bottom terminal landing
underside of the platform is not required.
sill. Openings necessary for operation shall reject a ball
5.1.1.7.2 The underside of the platform shall be
12 mm (0.5 in.) diameter. A device to stop the platform
equipped with a bellows or similar device that shall not
if an object protrudes beyond the platform edge into
be permanently deformed when a force of 550 N (125
the running clearance shall be provided if the fascia is
lbf) is applied on any 100 mm (4 in.)'by 100 mm (4 in.)
perforated. The device used shall be effective for the
area. Deflection of the bellows due to a force of 330 N
full width of the platform opening and for the full travel
(75Ibf) applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.)
of the platform. The fascia shall be equal to or stronger
area shall not exceed 75 mm (3 in.) or the distance to
than 1.5 mm (0.0598 in.) sheet steel and guard the full
contact an internal moving component other than the
width 'of the platform. The surface shall not be permabellows support mechanism, whichever is less. Deflecnently deformed when a force of 550 N (125 lbf) is
tion shall be measured with the platform at the upperapplied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) area.
most landing.
5.1.1.3 A metal guard at least 150 mm (6 in.) in
(a) The upper attachment point of the bellows shall
height and extending the full width of the platform shall
be permitted to be inset from the outer edge of the
be installed on the lower landing side of the platform
platform provided that the exposed area of the underto prevent a wheelchair from rolling off the platform.
side of the platform is equipped with a device that conThe guard shall be automatically actuated by the moveforms to para. 5.1.1.7.1.
ment of the platform away from the lower landing, and
(b) Deflection greater than that allowed by para.
it shall remain in the elevated position until the platform
5.1.1.7.2 shall be permitted, provided that any additional
returns to the lower landing.
deflection actuates a sensing device that causes the elecpower to be removed from the driving machine
tric
5.1.1.4 The guard shall be operated with positive
motor and brake, if provided, and causes the platform
cam action or provided with an electric contact that shall
to stop its downward motion within 50 mm (2 in.).
stop the platform if the guard is not fully elevated when
Downward
motion shall be permitted to resume when
the platform has traveled 150 mm (6 in.) away from the
the
bellows
is returned to its normal condition.
lower landing.
5.1.1 Guarding
5.1.1.7.3 A force sensitive safety surface shall
be provided covering the entire floor area directly under
the moving platform plus 75 mm (3 in.) beyond any
exposed platform edge. The device shall prevent downward motion of the platform when activated by a force
not to exceed 70 N (15 lbf) applied anywhere on its
surface. The lift shall be permitted to operate in the
upward direction. Downward motion shall be permitted
to resume when the force is removed.
5.1.1.5 The guard shall withstand, withoutpermanent deformation, a force of 550 N (125 lbf) applied on
any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm (4 in.) area. This force
shall not cause the height of the ramp, at any point in its
length, to be less than 150 mm (6 in.) measured vertically
from the surface of the platform floor.
5.1.1.6 The sides of the platform not used for
entrance or exit shall be guarded to a height of at least
900 mm (36 in.) by smooth construction with no openings, other than those necessary for the operation of the
lift. Those openings necessary for operation shall reject
a ball 12 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter.
(OS)
5.1.1.8 The platform floor-to-sill clearance at the
upper landing shall not exceed 20 mm (0.75 in.).
5.1.1.7 The underside of the platform shall be
guarded in accordance with the requirements of para.
5.1.1.7.1, 5.1.1.7.2, or 5.1.1.7.3.
- 5.1.2 Pipes in Runway Vicinity. Pipes conveying
steam, gas, or liquids that, if discharged into the runway
of the platform, would endanger life or health shall not
be permitted.
5.1.1.7.1 The underside of the platform shall be
equipped with a device that, if the platform is obstructed
in its downward travel by a force not to exceed 70 N
(15Ibf) applied anywhere on its underside, will actuate
5.1.3 lower level Access Ramps. A retractable ramp
shall be permitted to be mounted on the platform floor,
and the incline of the' ramp shall be not greater than
(a) 1 in 4 for heights up to 50 mm (2 in.)
::\1
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
ASME A18.1-200S
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
provided the factor of safety is not less than, and the
deflections are not more than, the values specified in
section 5, and provided that cast iron is not used.
1 in 6 for heights up to 65 nun (2.5 in.)
1 in 8 for heights up to 75 nun (3 in.) .
1 in 10 for heights up to 100 nun (4 in.)
1 in 12 for heights greater than 100 nun (4 in.)
The ramp shall extend the full width of the platform
floor. It shall be permitted to be actuated by the movementof the platform away from the lower landing and
it shall remain retracted while the platform is away from
the lower landing. The ramp shall be permitted to also
be used as the guard specified in para. 5.1.1.3.
The ramp shall be operated by a positive mechanical
action or shall be provided with an electric contact that
will stop the movement of the platform within 150 nun
(6 in.) of the lower landing if the ramp has failed to rise
to its elevated position.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
5.2.2 Stresses and Deflections
5.2.2.1 Guide Rails. For steels conforming to the
requirements of para. 5.2.1.1, the stresses in a guide rail
or in the rail and its reinforcement, due to the horizontal
forces imposed on the rail during loading, unloading,
or running, calculated without impact, shall not exceed
100 MPa (15,000 psi), and the deflection shall not exceed
6 rnm (0.25 in.).
Where steels of greater strength than those specified
in para. 5.2.1.1 are used, the stresses specified shall be
permitted to be increased proportionately based on the
ratio of the ultimate strengths.
5.1.4 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
5.2.2.2 Brackets, Fastenings, and Supports. The
guide-rail brackets, their fastenings and supports, such
as building beams and walls, shall be capable of resisting
the horizontal forces imposed by rated load with a total
deflection at the point of support not in excess of 3 rnm
(0.125 in.).
The installation of electrical equipment
and wiring shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/
NFPA 70.
5.1.4.1
5.1.4.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
5.2.3 Guide-Rail Surfaces. Guide-rail surfaces used
for guiding a platform or counterweight shall be sufficiently smooth and true to operate properly with the
guiding members. Those surfaces that the platform or
counterweight safeties engage shall be smooth and true
within the tolerances required to ensure proper safety
application without excessive retardation or excessive
out-of-Ievel platform conditions resulting.
5.1.5 Structural Support. The structure on which the
equipment is installed shall be capable of safely supporting the loads imposed.
5.1.6 Headroom Clearance. Headroom clearance
throughout the range of travel shall be not less than
2000 rnm (80 in.) as measured vertically from the platform floor.
5.2 Guide Rails
5.2.4 Overall Length of Guide Rails. The platform and
counterweight guide rails shall extend at the top and
bottom to prevent the guiding members from disengaging from the guide rails if either the platform or counterweight reaches its extreme limit of travel.
Guide rails shall conform to the requirements of paras.
5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, and 5.2.5. Where standard tee
rails are provided they shall also conform to the requirements of paras. 5.2.6 and 5.2.7. Rail joints shall be
designed to maintain the accuracy of the rail alignment
and to withstand the stress and deflection limitations
stipulated in para. 5.2.2.
5.2.5 Design and Strength of Brackets and Supports.
The building construction forming the supports for the
guide rails, and the guide-rail brackets, shall be designed
to safely withstand the application of the platform or
counterweight safety when stopping the platform and
its rated load or the counterweight, and withstand the
forces specified in para. 5.2.2.2 within the deflection
limits specified.
Where necessary, the building construction shall be
reinforced to provide adequate supports for the guide
rails.
5.2.1 Material. Guide rails, guide-rail brackets, rail
clips, fishplates, and their fastenings shall be of steel or
other metals conforming to the requirements of para.
5.2, or, where steel may present an accident hazard, as
in chemical or explosive plants, guide rails shall be permitted to be of selected wood or other suitable nonmetalic materials.
5.2.1.1 Requirements for Steel, Where Used. Rails,
brackets, fishplates, and rail clips shall be made of openhearth steel or its equivalent having a tensile strength
of not less than 380 MPa (55,000 psi) and having an
elongation of not less than 22% in a length of 50 mm
(2 in.). Bolts shall conform to ASTM A 307. Rivets shall
conform to ASTM A 502.
5.2.6 Bracket Fastenings. Guide-rail brackets shall be
secured to their supporting structure by means of bolts
or rivets, or by welding. Fastening bolts and bolt holes
in brackets and their supporting beams shall conform
to the requirements of para. 5.2.7. Welding, where used,
shall conform to the requirements of para. 9.1.
5.2.7 Type of Fastenings. Guide rails shall be secured
to their brackets by clips, welds, or bolts. Bolts used for
5.2.1.2 Requirements for Metals Other Than Steel.
Metals other than steel shall be permitted to be used
:12
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.- ~
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
fastening shall be of such strength as to withstand the
forces specified in paras. 5.2.2.2 and 5.2.5.
Welding, where used, shall conform to the requirements of para. 9.1.
5.3 Driving Means and Sheaves
The driving means shall be one of the following:
(a) winding drum
(b) traction
(c) roped sprocket
(d) chain sprocket
(e) screw
if) rack and pinion
(g) direct-plunger hydraulic
(h) roped-hydraulic
(i) lever hydraulic
(j) friction
Driving means utilizing a combination of two or more
means shall conform to all applicable requirements of
the respective means unless stated otherwise.
5.3.1 General Requirements
5.3.1.1 The factor of safety, based on the static
load (the rated load plus the weight of the platform,
ropes, counterweights, etc.), to be used in the design
of driving machines and sheaves, including fasteners
transmitting load, shall not be less than 8 for steel,
bronze, or other metals having an elongation of at least
14% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.) or 10 for cast iron or
other metals having an elongation of less than 14% in
a length of 50 mm (2 in.). See section 8 for special requirements for particular drive systems.
5.3.1.2 Set screws or threaded portions located in
the shear plane of bolts and screws shall not be used to
transmi t load.
Means shall be provided to ensure that there is no
relative motion between rigidly joined components
transmitting load.
Where flexible couplings are used to transmit load,
means shall be provided to prevent disengagement of
the coupling components in the event of failure or excessive motion in the flexible connection.
A fillet shall be provided at any point of change in the
diameter of driving-machine shafts and sheave shafts to
prevent excessive stress concentrations in the shafts.
Shafts that support drums, sheaves, gears, couplings,
and other members, and that transmit torque, shall be
provided with tight-fitting keys.
5.3.1.3 Friction gearing, clutch mechanisms, or
couplings shall not be used to connect a driving machine
drum or sheave to the main driving mechanism.
5.3.1.4 Worm gearing having cast iron teeth shall
not be used on the driving machine.
ASME A1B.1-2005
5.3.1.5 Driving-machine chains and sprockets
shall be of steel and shall conform in design and dimensions to the requirements of ANSI! ASME B29.1.
5.3.1.6 Winding drums, traction sheaves, overhead sheaves, and deflecting sheaves used with suspen. sion and compensating ropes shall be of metal, be
provided with finished grooves for ropes or shall be
permitted to be lined with nonmetallic groove material,
and have a pitch diameter of not less than 30 times the
diameter of the suspension ropes. Where 8 x 19 steel
rope or 7 x 19 steel aircraft cable is used, however,
the pitch diameter of the drums and sheaves shall be
permitted to be reduced to 21 times the diameter of the
rope or cable.
Where the grooves are used to transmit power, sufficient traction shall be provided between the rope and
groove, and in the event of nonmetallic lining failure,
between the rope and the remaining sheave groove, to
safely stop and hold the platform with 125% of the
rated load.
5.3.2 Hydraulic Driving Machines. Direct-plunger
hydraulic driving machines, where used, shall conform
to the requirements of para. 8.1 except para. 8.1.2.
Roped-hydraulic machines shall also conform to the
requirements of para. 8.1 except for paras. 8.1.1, 8.1.3,
8.1.4.3, and 8.1.4.7.
5.3.3 Screw Machines. Screw machines, where used,
shall conform to para. 8.2.
5.3.4 Friction Machines. Friction machines, where
used, shall conform to para. 8.3.
5.3.5 Machine Framework and Base. The machine
framework, base, and fastenings to the buildings, where
used, shall be of metal construction, have a factor of
safety of not less than 5 based on the rated load, and
shall be secured in place with support provided to limit
their deflections to 6 mm (0.25 in.) maximum in any
direction under rated load. Cast iron shall not be used.
5.3.6 Guiding Member Enclosures. The guiding members shall be enclosed with a solid enclosure to prevent
accidental contact. If openings are necessary in this
enclosure for operation, they shall reject a ball 20 mm
(0.75 in.) in diameter.
5.3.7 Machinery Beams and Supports
5.3.7.1 All machinery and sheaves shall be so supported and secured to prevent any part becoming loose
or displaced. Beams directly supporting machinery shall
be of steel or reinforced concrete.
5.3.7.2 Overhead beams and sheaves shall be
designed for not less than the total load on overhead
beams, which shall be assumed to be equal to the weight
of all apparatus resting on the beams plus twice the
maximum load suspended from the beams. The load
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
of the driving machine so as to be fully effective if the
entire belt set or chain set should break.
resting on the beams shall include the complete weights
of the driving machine, sheaves, controller, etc. The load
suspended from the beams shall include the sum of the
tensions in all ropes suspended from the beams.
5.3.9.3 Replacement of Belts or Chains. If one belt
or chain of a set is worn, stretched, or damaged so as
to require replacement, the entire set shall be replaced.
Sprockets and toothed sheaves shall also be replaced if
worn.
5.3.7.3 The driving machine or sheaves, except
idlers or deflecting sheaves with their guards and
frames, shall not be fastened to the underside of the
supporting beams at the top of the runway.
5.4 Driving-Machine Brakes
5.3.7.4 Cast iron in tension shall not be used for
supporting members for sheaves where they are hung
beneath beams.
5.4.1 Driving machines, except hydraulic, shall be
equipped with friction brakes directly attached to the
driving means through a continuous shaft, mechanical
coupling, or toothed gearing applied by springs, or by
gravity, and released electrically.
5.3.8 Guarding of Driving Machines and Suspension
Means. The driving machine and suspension means
shall be enclosed with a solid enclosure. Any opening
required for operation shall reject a ball 20 mm (0.75 in.)
in diameter. Access shall be provided by a removable
panel for inspecting and servicing. The panel shall be
screwed, locked, or bolted in place.
5.4.2 A single ground or short circuit, a countervoltage or a motor-field discharge shall not prevent the
brake magnet from allowing the brake to set when the
operating device is placed in the stop position.
5.3.9 Indirect-Drive Machines. Indirect-drive
machines, utilizing V-belt drives, tooth drive belts, or
drive chains, shall conform to the requirements of paras.
5.3.9.1, 5.3.9.2, and 5.3.9.3, except that the requirements
of para. 5.3.9.2 shall be permitted to be omitted if a selflocking drive meeting the requirements of para. 5.4.3 is
provided. If multiple belts or chains are provided, they
shall be preloaded and matched for length in sets.
5.4.3 A machine brake is not required if a self-locking
drive utilizing a lead screw, worm, or other positive
gearing that will stop and hold the platform with the
rated load within 100 mm (4 in.) of down travel after
the power is removed is provided.
53.9.1 General Requirements. Belt sets shall be
selected on the basis of the manufacturer's rated breaking strength and a factor of safety of 10. Chain and
sprocket sets shall be selected on the basis of recommendations set forth in the Supplementary Information section of ANSI! ASME B29.1, using a service factor of 2.
Offset links in chain are not permitted.
Sprockets in a chain drive set and also a driven set
shall be assembled onto a common hub, with teeth cut
in-line after assembly to ensure equal load distribution
on all chains. Tooth sheaves for a belt drive shall be
constructed in a manner to ensure equal load distribution on each belt in the set. Load determination for both
the belt and chain sets shall be based on the maximum
static loading on the platform, which is the full load in
the platform at rest and at a position in the runway that
creates the greatest load, including either the platform
or counterweight resting on its buffer.
Chain drives and belt drives shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact and to prevent foreign
objects from interfering with drives.
5.5.1.1 Suspension and support means shall be
one or more of the following:
(a) steel or iron wire rope
(b) steel aircraft cable
(c) chain
(d) hydraulic
(e) rack and pinion
if) screw
(g) friction machine guides and rollers
(h) lever
Suspension and support means utilizing a combination of two or more means shall conform to all applicable
requirements of the respective means unless stated
otherwise.
5.5 Suspension and Support Means
5.5.1 General Requirements
(05)
5.5.1.2 Steel tapes or welded link chains shall not
be used as suspension means.
5.5.1.3 Where ropes or chains are used, no fewer
than two shall be provided.
5.5.1.4 For rated loads up to 230 kg (500 lb), ropes
shall have a minimum diameter of 6 mm (0.25 in.) and
chains shall have a minimum pitch of 12 mm (0.5 in.).
For higher rated loads, ropes shall have a minimum
diameter of 10 mm (0.375 in.) and chains shall have a
minimum pitch of 15 mm (0.625 in.).
5.3.9.2 Monitoring and Brake Location. Each belt or
chain in a set shall be continuously monitored by a
broken belt or chain device that shall function to· automatically interrupt power to the machine and apply the
brake if any belt or chain in the set breaks or becomes
excessively slack. The driving machine brake shall be
located on the traction sheave or drum assembly side
5.5.2 Factors of Safety. The suspension and support
means shall have a factor of safety of not less than 7
~4
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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(05)
ASME A18.1-200S
SAfElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
cannot loosen or become displaced in ordinary service,
on the application of the platform safety, or on buffer
engagement.
The platform enclosure shall be so constructed that
removable portions cannot be dismantled from within
the platform. Enclosure linings, decorative panels, light
fixtures, and other apparatus or equipment attached to
the enclosure shall be securely fastened and so supported that they will not loosen or become displaced in
ordinary service, on platform safety application, or on
buffer engagement.
Panels attached to the enclosure for decorative or
other purposes shall not -be unfastened from inside the
platform by the use of common tools or shall be permitted to be removed from inside the platform when perforations, exceeding that which would reject a ball 12 mm
(0.5 in.) in diameter, in the enclosure used for panel
hanging or support have permanent means to prevent
straight through passage beyond the running clearance.
based on the tension or forces exerted on the suspension
- means when raising the rated load. When the platform
and counterweight are suspended by steel ropes and
the driving means between the machine and the counterweight is an endless roller-type chain, the factor of safety
of such chain shall be not less than 8, based on the rated
load. See section 8 for special requirements for particular
drive means.
5.5.3 Arc of Contact of Suspension Means on Sheaves
and Sprockets. The arc of contact of a wire rope on a
traction sheave shall be sufficient to produce adequate
traction under all load conditions. The arc of contact of
a chain on a driving sprocket shall be not less than
140 deg.
5.5.4 Spare Rope Turns on Winding Drums. All wire
ropes of winding drum machines shall have not less
than one full tum of the rope on the drum when the
platform or counterweight has reached its limit of possible overtravel.
5.6.3 Strength and Deflection of Enclosure Walls. The
enclosure walls shall be designed and installed to withstand a force of 330 N (75Ibf) applied horizontally at any
point on the walls of the enclosure without permanent
deformation nor cause the deflection to exceed 25 mm
(1 in.).
5.5.5 Securing Suspension Ropes to Winding Drums.
The drum ends of wire ropes shall be secured on the
inside of the drum of winding drum machines by
clamps, tapered babbitted sockets, or by other means
approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
5.6.4 Use of Cast Iron. Cast iron shall not be used in
the construction of any load bearing member of the
platform frame or floor other than for guide shoes and
guide shoe brackets.
5.5.6 Lengthening, Splicing, Repairing, or Replacing
Suspension Means. Suspension wire rope shall not be
lengthened or repaired by splicing. Broken or worn suspension chains shall not be repaired. If one rope or chain
of a set is worn or damaged and requires replacement,
the entire set of ropes or chains shall be replaced. If a
chain or sprocket is replaced due to wear, all chains and
sprockets shall be replaced.
5.6.5 Floor Size. The inside net floor area shall not
exceed 1.7 m 2 (18 f~).
5.6.6 Illumination. The minimum illumination at the
landing edge of the floor with the landing door open
shall be not less than 50 Ix (5 fc).
5.5.7 Fastening of Rope Suspension Means to Platform. The platform ends of wire ropes shall be fastened
5.7 Capacity, Speed, and Travel
in a return loop by properly made individual tapered
babbitted sockets or properly attached fittings as recommended by wire rope manufacturers. Clips of the Ubolt type shall not be used. Tapered babbitted rope sockets and the method of babbitting shall conform to the
requirements of para. 9.8.
5.7.1 Limitation of Load, Speed, and Travel. The rated
load shall be not less than 200 kg (450 lb) nor more than
340 k§ (750 lb). Platforms with floor area greater than
1.4 m (15 f~) shall have a rated load of not less than
340 kg (750 lb). The lift shall be capable of sustaining
and lowering a load as specified in Fig. 9.7.
The rated speed shall not exceed 0.15 m/ s (30 ft/min).
The travel shall not exceed 4250 mm (168 in.).
5.5.S Guarding. All suspension means shall be
guarded against accidental contact. Suspension means
that operate within a guide or track and travel at the
same speed and in the same direction as the platform
shall be considered suitably guarded.
5.7.2 Capacity Plates. A capacity plate stating the
rated load shall be provided by the manufacturer and
fastened in a conspicuous place. The letters and numerals used shall be not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in height.
5.6 Platforms
5.6.1 Frame and Floor. The frame shall be of metal
construction and have a factor of safety of not less than
5 based on the rated load. The floor shall be of metal
or wood construction with a nonskid surface.
5.7.3 Data Plates. A data plate shall be provided by
the manufacturer and securely fastened to the machine.
The plate shall state the rated speed, rated load, weight
of platform, suspension and support means, date of
manufacture, and manufacturer's name. Letters and
numerals shall be not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in height.
5.6.2 Securing of Enclosures. The enclosure shall be
securely fastened to the floor and so supported that it
35
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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(05)
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
(05)
5.8.2.4 Rope used as a connection from the safety
to the governor rope, including rope wound on the
safety-rope drum, shall be not less than 3 mm(0.125 in.)
in diameter and shall be made of corrosion-resistant
metal. The factor of safety of the rope shall be not less
than 5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
5.8 Safeties and Speed Governors
All platforms shall be provided with a safety, except
as permitted by para. 5.8.8. The safety shall be actuated
by the action of a speed governor or by the breakage or
slackening of the suspension or support means. Where
actuation is by a governor, the safety shall be set at a
maximum speed of 0.4 m/ s (75 ft/ min). Where actuation
is by breakage or slackening of the suspension or support
means, the safety shall be set wi thout delay and independent of the speed governor, if provided. When screw
drive machines are used, safeties and speed governors
conforming to para. 5.8.1 shall be permitted. Safety parts
shall conform to the requirements of para. 5.8.2. Gover'nor ropes, where provided, shall conform to the requirements of para. 5.8.3. Where hoisting ropes are used, the
application of safeties shall conform to the requirements
of para. 5.8.4. The application and release of safeties
shall conform to the requirements of paras. 5.8.5, 5.8.6,
and 5.8.7.
5.8.2.5 The factors of safety shall be based upon
the maximum stresses developed in the parts during
the operation of the safety when stopping rated load
from governor tripping speed.
5.8.2.6 Safety-rope leading-sheave brackets and
other safety operating parts shall not be attached to or
supported by wood platform members.
5.8.3 Material and Factor of Safety. Governor ropes
shall be of iron, steel, monel metal, phosphor bronze,
or stainless steel. They shall be of a regular-lay construction, and not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The
factor of safety of governor ropes shall not be less than
5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
5.8.1 Screw Drive Alternate Safety. The platform
safety and governor shall be permitted to be omitted if
another safety device is provided to either limit the
down speed of the platform with rated load to not over
0.9 m/s (175 ft/min) in the event of failure of the driving
means or to limit the fall of the platform in the event
of failure of the driving nut to a distance not exceeding
12 mm (0.5 in.), by utilizing a safety nut or other equivalent means.
The capability of the alternate safety devices to function as required shall be verified by engineering tests
as described in para. 9.6.
5.8.4 Type A (Instantaneous) Safeties. When
overspeed occurs, with the hoisting rope intact, such
safeties shall be actuated by the governor. On the parting
of the hoisting ropes (free fall), Type A governor operated safeties shall apply without appreciable delay, and
their application shall be independent of the speed
action of the governor and of the location of the break
in the hoisting ropes (inertia application), and shall be
permitted to be accomplished by the use of a governor
and governor rigging having a sufficiently high value
of inertia to apply the safety on free fall independently
of the speed action of the governor.
5.8.2 Minimum Factors of Safety and Stresses of
Safety Parts and Rope Connections
5.8.5 Means of Application. Safeties shall be applied
mechanically. Electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices
shall not be used to apply the safeties required by section
5, nor to hold such safeties in the retracted position.
5.8.2.1 Parts of safeties, except springs, safetyrope drums, leading sheaves, and their supporting
brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall have a factor of safety
of not less than 3Yz, based on the ultimate strength of
the material, and the materials used shall have an elongation of not less than 15% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.).'
Forged, cast, or welded parts shall be stress relieved.
5.8.6 Level of Platform on Safety Application. The
application of a Type A or Type B safety to stop the
platform, with its rated load centered on each quarter
of the platform floor symmetrically with relation to the
center line of the platform floor, shall not calise the
platform to be out of level more than 30 mm/m (0.375
in.lft) in any direction.
5.8.2.2 Springs shall be permitted to be used in the
operation of platform or counterweight safeties. Where
used, and where partially loaded prior to safety operation, the loading on the spring shall not produce a fiber
stress exceeding one-half the elastic limit of the material.
During operation of the safety, the fiber stress shall not
exceed 85% of the elastic limit of the material. Helical
springs, where used, shall be in compression.
5.8.7 Release. When platform safeties are applied,
no decrease in tension in the governor rope nor motion
of the platform in the down direction shall release the
safeties, but such safeties shall be permitted to be
released by the motion of the platform in the up
direction.
5.8.2.3 Safety-rope drums, leading sheaves, and
their supporting brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall be
permitted to be made of cast iron and other metals
provided such parts have a factor of safety of not less
than 10.
5.8.8 Platform Safety Exceptions. Platform safeties
are not required for lifts with the following driving
means:
(a) direct-plunger hydraulic
36
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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(05)
ASME A1B.1-2005
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
either, but not prevent both, the normal and final stopping device circuits from stopping the platform.
(b) other drives that do not utilize a flexible suspension means, provided that the failure of a single drive
component cannot result in the platform overspeeding
or the floor going out of level more than 30 mrn/m
(0.37-5 in./ft) in any direction, and said failure would
cause the platform to stop by application of a safety
switch or equivalent means
s~9
5.9.6 Final terminal stopping devices are not
required for direct-plunger hydraulic driving machines.
Lower final terminal stopping devices are not required
where the limitations of the machine or runway limit
the travel of the platform (e.g., a platform at rest on the
bottom terminal landing).
Terminal Stopping Devices
5.9.1 Normal terminal stopping devices required by
para. 5.9.2 shall be permitted to use mechanically operated, magnetically operated, optical, or static type
switches.
Final terminal stopping devices required by para. 5.9.3
shall use only mechanically operated switches for
determining platform position. Terminal stopping
devices that are located on the platform or in the runway
shall be of the enclosed type and securely mounted in
such a manner so that horizontal movement of the platform shall not affect the operation of the device.
5.10 Operating Devices and Control Equipment
5.10.1 Operation. Operation of the chairlift from the
upper or lower landing and from the chair shall be
controlled by "up" and "DOWN" control switches at
all stations, and shall be by means of the continuouspressure type. Controls shall be 1 200 mrn (48 in.) maximum and 380 mrn (15 in.) minimum above the platform
floor or facility floor or ground level. Operating devices
shall be designed so that both the "UP" and "DOWN"
circuits cannot be operated at the same time.
5.9.2 Normal stopping devices operated by the platform shall be provided, and shall be set to stop the
platform floor within a tolerance of 12 mrn (0.5 in.)
of the landings under rated loading to zero loading
conditions. The normal stopping devices shall be permitted to also serve as the upper and lower normal terminal
stopping devices.
5.10.2 Attendant Operation. Attendant operation
shall be permitted to be provided. Where provided, it
shall conform to the requirements of paras 5.10.2.1 and
5.10.2.2.
5.10.2.1 The attendant shall operate the lift by
means of a continuous-pressure control located at the
lower landing. It shall be so located that the attendant
has full view of the floor area under the lift. A manually
reset emergency stop switch shall also be provided at
that location.
5.9.3 Upper and lower final terminal stopping
devices operated by the platform shall be provided to
remove power from the motor and the brake, if provided,
except as specified in para. 5.9.6. They shall be set to
stop the platform after it travels past the normal terminal
stopping device and before striking an obstruction. A
slack-rope device equipped with a slack-rope switch of
the enclosed manually reset type, which shall cause the
electric power to be removed from the driving machine
motor and brake if any hoisting rope becomes slack
shall be permitted to be used as the lower final terminal
stopping device.
5.10.2.2 No controls, other than an emergency
stop switch, shall be provided on the platform.
5.10.3 Control and Operating Circuit Requirements.
The design and installation of the control and operating
circuits shall conform to the requirements of paras.
5.10.3.1 through 5.10.3.3.
5.10.3.1 Control systems that depend on the completion or maintenance of an electric circuit shall not be
used for interruption of the power and application of
the machine brake at terminal landings or for stopping
the machine when the safety applies.
5.9.4 Final terminal stopping devices shall be
mechanically operated. The switch contacts shall be
directly opened mechanically. Arrangements that
depend on a spring or gravity, or a combination thereof,
to open the contacts shall not be used.
5.10.3.2 If springs are used to actuate switches,
contactors, or relays to break the circuit to stop the lift
at the terminal landings, they shall be of the restrained
compression type.
5.9.5 The final terminal stopping device shall not
control the same controller switches as the normal terminal stopping devices unless two or more separate and
independent switches are provided, two of which shall
be closed to complete the driving-machine motor-andbrake circuit in either direction of travel. Where a twoor three-phase alternating-current driving-machine
motor is used, these switches shall be of the multipole
type.
The control shall be so designed and installed that a
single ground or short circuit shall be permitted to allow
5.10.3.3 The failure of any single magnetically
operated switch, relay, or contactor to release in the
intended manner, or the failure of any solid state device
to operate as intended, or the occurrence of a single
accidental ground or combination of accidental grounds
shall not permit the lift to start if this failure renders
ineffective any electrical protective device.
37
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
5.10.4 Motor Reversal Protection. Where a non. instantaneous reversible motor is used, a protective circuit or device shall be provided to prevent the motor
from continuing in the same direction if the reversing
control is activated.
5.10.5 Phase Reversal and Failure Protection. Lifts
having polyphase alternating current power supply
shall be provided with means to prevent the starting of
the lift motor if the phase rotation is in the wrong direction, or if there is a failure of any phase. This protection
shall be considered to be provided if a reversal of phase
of the incoming polyphase alternating current power
will not cause the driving machine motor to operate in
the wrong direction.
5.10.6 Emergency Stop Switch. An emergency stop
switch shall be provided in the platform, and located
in or adjacent to each platform operating panel. When
opened, this switch shall cause the electric power to be
removed from the driving-machine motor and brake.
Emergency stop switches shall be of the manually
opened and closed type and have red operating handles
. or buttons. They shall be conspicuously and permanently marked "STOP" and shall indicate the "STOP"
and "RUN" positions. Switches shall be positively
opened mechanically and their opening shall not be
solely dependent on springs.
5.10.7 Slack-Rope and Slack-Chain Devices for Winding Drum and Roller-Chain-Type Driving Machines. Winding drum driving machines with rope suspension shall
be provided with a slack-rope device of the manually
reset type that will remove power from the motor and
brake if the platform is obstructed in its descent and the
suspension ropes slacken. Lifts with roller chain suspension means shall be provided with a slack-chain device
that will remove power from the motor and brake if the
platform is obstructed in its descent and the suspension
means slacken. This device is not required to be of the
manually reset type if the chain sprockets are guarded
to prevent the chain from becoming disengaged from
the sprockets.
5.10.8 Release and Application of Driving-Machine
Brake. Driving-machine brakes shall not be electronically released until power has been applied to the driving-machine motor. All power feed lines to the brake
shall be opened, and the brake shall apply automatically
when any operating device in para. 5.10.1 or 5.10.2 is in
the "STOP" position and when any electrical protective
device functions.
5.10.9 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
5.10.9.1 All electrical equipment and wiring shall
conform to the requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70.
5.10.9.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
5.10.10 Manual Operations. Means shall be provided
to permit authorized personnel from a position outside
the platform to raise or lower the platform manually in
the event of power failure, unless standby (emergency)
power is provided.
5.11 Code Data Plate
A code data plate shall be provided that indicates the
A1B.1 Standard to be used for inspections and tests. The
data plate shall be in plain view, securely attached on
the main line disconnect or on the controller. The data
plate shall be of such material and construction that the
letters and figures stamped, etched, cast, or otherwise
applied to the face shall remain permanently and readily
legible. The height of the letters and figures shall be not
less than 3 mm (0.125 in.).
6
PRIVATE RESIDENCE INCLINED PLATFORM
L1FTS 6
Section 6 applies to inclined platform lifts where
installed in or at a private residence for use by the mobility impaired .
6.1 Runways
6.1.1 Free Passage Width. A free passage width of
not less than 500 mm (20 in.) shall be provided. If the
platform can be folded when not in use, the distance
will be measured from the folded position.
6.1.2 Clearances. Clearances between the platform
and adjacent surfaces shall not be less than 20 mm
(0.75 in.). At no point in its travel shall the edge of the
platform facing the upper landing be more than 600 mm
(24 in.) above a step or landing as measured vertically.
6.1.3 Pits and Ramps. A pit, floor-mounted ramp, or
retractable platform-mounted ramp shall be provided.
Floor-mounted ramps shall comply to the requirements
of para. 3.1.4.1. Retractable ramps shall conform to the
requirements of para. 6.6.6. Where a pit is provided, it
shall be protected as required by the authority having
jurisdiction.
6.1.4 Pipes in Runway Vicinity. Pipes conveying
steam, gas, or liquid that, if discharged into runway,
would endanger life or health shall not be permitted.
6.1.5 Structural Support. The structure on which the
equipment is installed shall be capable of safely supporting the loads imposed.
6.1.6 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
6.1.6.1 The installation of electrical equipment
and wiring shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/
NFPA 70.
6 See section 3 for the requirements for this equipment installed
in locations other than in or at a private residence.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.l-200S
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
6.1.6.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
6.2 Guide Rails and Tracks
6.2.1 Material. Platform guide rails shall be of metal
construction. Steel construction shall conform to the
requirements of para. 6.2.1.1. Metals other than steel
shall conform to the requirements of para. 6.2.1.2. Guiderail surfaces shall conform to the requirements of para.
6.2.1.3.
6.2.1.1 Requirements for Steel, Where Used. Rails,
brackets, fishplates, and rail clips shall be made of openhearth steel or its equivalent having a tensile strength
of not less than 380 MPa (55,000 psi) and having an
elongation of not less than 22% in a length of 50 mm
(2 in.). Bolts shall conform to ASTM A 307. Rivets shall
conform to ASTM A 502.
6.2.1.2 Requirements for Metals Other Than Steel.
Metals other than steel shall be permitted to be used
provided the factor of safety is not less than, and the
deflections are not more than, the values specified in
section 6, and provided that cast iron is not used.
6.2.1.3 Guide-Rail Surfaces. Guide-rail surfaces
used for guiding a platform or counterweight shall be
sufficiently smooth and true to operate properly with·
the guiding members. Those surfaces that the platform
or counterweight safeties engage shall be smooth and
true wi thin the tolerances required to ensure proper
safety application without excessive retardation or
excessive out-of-Ievel platform conditions resulting.
6.2.2 Location. The top and bottom ends of each run
of guide rails shall be so located in relation to the extreme
positions of travel of the platform that the platform guiding members cannot travel beyond the ends of the
guide rails.
6.2.3 Stresses and Deflections. The stresses and
deflections in the guide rails and their brackets shall
conform to the requirements of paras. 6.2.3.1 and 6.2.3.2.
6.2.3.1 Guide Rails. For steels conforming to the
requirements of para. 6.2.1, the stresses in a guide rail
or in the rail and its reinforcement, due to the horizontal
forces imposed on the rail during loading, unloading,
or running, calculated without impact, shall not exceed
100 MPa (15,000 psi) and the deflection shall not exceed
6 mm (0.25 in.).
Where steels of greater strength than those specified
in para. 6.2.1.1 are used, the stresses specified shall be
permitted to be increased proportionately based on the
ratio of the ultimate strengths.
6.2.3.2 Brackets, Fastening, and Supports. The
guide-rail brackets, their fastenings and supports, such
as building beams and walls, shall be capable of resisting
the horizontal forces imposed with a total deflection at
the point of support not in excess of 3 mm (0.125 in.).
6.2.4 Factor of Safety. The factor of safety used in
the design of guide rails shall be not less than 5, based
on rated load.
6.2.5 Anchoring. The supporting tracks or guide rails
shall be securely anchored to the stairs, floor surface, or
side walls.
6.3 Driving Means and Sheaves
The driving means shall be one of the following:
(a) winding drum
(b) traction
(c) roped sprocket
(d) chain sprocket
(e) screw
(/) rack and pinion
(g) direct-plunger hydraulic
(h) roped-hydraulic
(i) lever hydraulic
(j) friction
6.3.1 General Requirements
6.3.1.1 The factors of safety, based on the static
load (the rated load plus the weight of the platform,
ropes, counterweights, etc.) to be used in the design of
driving machines and sheaves shall not be less than 8
for steel, bronze, or other metals having an elongation
of at least 14% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.) or 10 for cast
iron or other metals having an elongation of less than
14% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.). See section 8 for special
requirements for particular drive systems.
6.3.1.2 Set-screws or threaded portions located in
the shear plane of bolts and screws shall not be used to
transmit load.
Means shall be provided to ensure that there is no
relative motion between rigidly joined components
transmitting load.
Where flexible couplings are used to transmit load,
means shall be provided to prevent disengagement of
the coupling components in the event of failure or excessive motion in the flexible connection.
A fillet shall be provided at any point of change in the
diameter of drivIng-machine shafts and sheave shafts to
prevent excessive stress concentrations in the shafts.
Shafts that support drums, sheaves, gears, couplings,
and other members, and that transmit torque, shall be
provided with tight-fitting keys.
6.3.1.3 Friction gearing, clutch mechanisms, or
couplings shall not be used to connect a driving machine
drum or sheave to the main driving mechanism.
6.3.1.4 Gearing having cast iron teeth shall not be
used on the driving machine.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
6.3.1.5 Driving-machine chains and sprockets
shall be of steel and shall conform in design and dimensions to the requirements of ANSI! ASME B29.1.
creates the greatest load, including either the platform
or counterweight resting on its buffer.
Chain drives and belt drives shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact and to prevent foreign
objects from interfering with drives.
6.3.1.6 Winding drums, traction sheaves, overhead sheaves, and deflecting sheaves shall be of cast
iron or steel, of a pitch diameter of not less than 30 times
the diameter of the suspension ropes. Where 8 x 19
steel rope or 7 x 19 steel aircraft cable is used, the pitch
diameter of drums and sheaves shall be permitted to be
reduced to 21 times the diameter of the rope or cable.
The rope grooves shall be machined.
6.3.6.2 Monitoring and Brake Location. Each belt or
chain in a set shall be continuously monitored by a
broken belt or chain device that shall function to automatically interrupt power to the machine and apply the
brake if any belt or chain in the set breaks or becomes
excessively slack. The driving machine brake shall be
located on the traction sheave or drum assembly side
of the driving machine so as to be fully effective if the
entire belt set or chain set should break.
6.3.2 Hydraulic Driving Machines. Direct-plunger
hydraulic driving machines, where used, shall conform
to the requirements of para. 8.1 except para. 8.1.2.
Roped-hydraulic machines shall conform to the
requirements of para. 8.1, except for paras. 8.1.1, 8.1.3,
8.1.4.3, and 8.1.4.7.
6.4 Driving-Machine Brakes
6.4.1 Driving machines, except hydraulic, shall be
equipped with electrically released spring applied
brakes directly attached to the driving means through
a continuous shaft, mechanical coupling, or toothed
gearing. A single. ground or short circuit, a countervoltage or a motor-field discharge shall not prevent the
brake magnet from allowing the brake to set when the
operating device is placed in the stop position.
6.3.3 Screw Machines. Screw machines, where used,
shall conform to para. 8.2.
6.3.4 Friction Machines. Friction machines, where
used, shall conform to para. 8.3.
6.3.5 Location of Power Unit and Alignment and
Guarding of Sheaves and Sprockets. The power unit shall
be permitted to be mounted on the platform or placed
at a remote location. If remotely located, all intervening
sheaves and sprockets shall be so placed that the rope
or chain travels in the proper alignment. All sheaves
and sprockets shall be enclosed or guarded.
6.4.2 A machine brake is not required if a self-locking
drive utilizing a lead screw, worm, or other positive
gearing that will stop and hold the platform with the
rated load within 100 mm (4 in.) of down travel after
the power is removed is provided.
6.5 Suspension and Support Means
6.3.6 Indirect-Drive Machines. Indirect-drive machines, utilizing V-belt drives, tooth drive belts, or drive
chains, shall conform to the requirements of paras.
6.3.6.1, 6.3.6.2, and 6.3.6.3, except that the requirements
of para. 6.3.6.2 shall be permitted to be omitted if a selflocking drive meeting the requirements of para. 6.4.2 is
provided. If multiple belts or chains are provided, they
shall be preloaded and matched for length in sets.
6.5.1 General Requirements
6.5.1.1 Suspension and support means shall be
one of the following:
(a) steel or iron wire rope
(b) steel aircraft cable
(c) roller chain
(d) direct-plunger hydraulic
(e) roped-hydraulic
if) rack and pinion
(g) screw
(h) friction machine guides and rollers
6.3.6.1 General Requirements. Belt set shall be
selected on the basis of the manufacturer's rated breaking strength and a factor of safety of 10. Chain and
sprocket sets shall be selected on the basis of recommendations set forth in the Supplementary Information section of ANSI/ ASME B29.1, using a service factor of 2.
Offset links in chain are not permitted.
Sprockets in a chain drive set and also a driven set
shall be assembled onto a common hub, with teeth cut
in-line after assembly to assure equal load distribution
on all chains. Tooth sheaves for a belt drive shall be
constructed in a manner to assure equal load distribution on each belt in the set. Load determination for both
the belt and chain sets shall be based on the maximum
static loading on the platform, which is the full load in
the platform at rest and at a position in the runway that
6.5.1.2 Steel tapes or welded link chains shall not
be used as suspension means.
6.5.1.3 Where wire ropes are used, the diameter
shall not be less than 6 mm (0.25 in.).
6.5.2 Factors of Safety. The suspension and support
means shall have a factor of safety of not less than 7
based on the tension in the rope, cable, chain, or forces
exerted on the hydraulic cylinder, screw drive, or rack
and pinion when raising the rated load. When the platform and counterweight are suspended by steel ropes
and the driving means between the machine and the
40
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-200S
counterweight is an endless roller-type chain, the factor
of safety of such chain shall be not less than 8, based
on the rated load. See section 8 for special requirements
of particular drive systems.
The enclosure shall be so constructed that removable
portions cannot be dismantled from within the platform.
Enclosure linings, decorative panels, light fixtures,
and other apparatus or equipment attached within the
enclosure shall be securely fastened and so supported
that they will not loosen or become displaced in ordinary
service, on platform safety application, or on buffer
engagement.
Panels attached to the enclosure for decorative or
other purposes shall not be unfastened from inside the
platform by the use of cornmon tools or shall be permitted to be removed from inside the platform when perforations, exceeding that which would reject aball12 rnrn
(0.5 in.) in diameter, in the enclosure used for panel
hanging or support have permanent means to prevent
straight through passage beyond the running clearance.
6.5.3 Arc of Contact of Suspension Means on Sheaves
and Sprockets. The arc of contact of a wire rope on a
traction sheave shall be sufficient to produce adequate
traction under all load conditions. The arc of contact of
a chain on a driving sprocket shall be not less than
140 deg.
6.5.4 Spare Rope Turn$ on Winding Drums. All wire
ropes of winding drum machines shall have not less
than one full tum of the rope on the drum when the
platform or counterweight has reached its limit of possible overtravel.
6.6.1.2 Strength and Deflection of Enclosure Walls.
The enclosure walls shall be designed and installed to
withstand a force of 330 N (75 lbf) applied horizontally
at any point on the walls of the enclosure without permanent deformation nor cause the deflection to exceed
25 mm (1 in.).
6.5.5 Securing Suspension Ropes to Winding Drums.
The drum ends of wire ropes shall be secured by clamps
on the inside of the drum of winding drum machines,
tapered babbitted sockets, or by other means approved
by the authority having jurisdiction.
6.5.6 Lengthening, Splicing, Repairing, or Replacing
Suspension Means. Suspension wire ropes shall not be
lengthened or repaired by splicing. Broken or worn suspension chains shall not be repaired. If one rope or chain
of a set is worn or damaged and requires replacement,
the entire set of ropes or chains shall be replaced. If a
chain or sprocket is replaced due to wear, all chains and
sprockets shall be replaced.
6.6.2 Floor Area. The inside net' floor area shall not
exceed 1.1 m 2 (12 fr).
6.6.3 Material. Metals having an elongation of less
than 20% in a length of 50 rnrn (2 in.) shall not be used
in the construction of any member of the frame or floor.
6.6.4 Glass on Platforms. Glass shall be permitted to
be used on platforms subject to the requirements of
paras. 6.6.4.1 through 6.6.4.4.
6.5.7 Fastening of Rope Suspension Means to Platform. The platform ends of wire ropes shall be fastened
in a return loop by properly made individual tapered
babbitted sockets or properly attached fittings as recommended by wire rope manufacturers. Clips of'the Ubolt type shall not be used. Tapered babbitted rope socketsand the method of babbitting shall conform to the
requirements of para. 9.8.
6.6.4.1 It shall be installed and guarded so as to
provide adequate protection for passengers in case the
glass panels break or are dislodged.
6.6.4.2 It shall be so mounted in the structure so
that the structure, including the glass in place, shall
withstand the required lift tests without damage.
6.6.4.3 Glass greater than 0.1 m 2 (1 fr) in area and
abutting panels whose total area is greater than 0.1 m 2
(1 fr) shall be laminated glass as defined by ANSI Z97.1
or 16 CFR, Part 1201, Section 1201.2 or shall be glass
bonded to a nonpolymeric coating, sheeting, of film
backing having a physical integrity to hold the fragments
when the glass breaks and be tested and conform to the
acceptance criteria for laminated glass as specified in
ANSI Z97.1 or 16 CFR, Part 1201, Section 1201.4. The
glass shall be marked as required by ANSI Z97.1 or 16
CFR, Part 1201, Section 1201.5.
6.5.8 Guarding. All moving suspension means shall
be guarded against accidental contact. Suspension
means that operate within a guide or track and travel
at the same speed and in the same direction as the
platform shall be considered suitably guarded.
6.6 Platforms
6.6.1 Frame and Floor. The frame shall be of metal
construction and have a factor of safety of not less than
5 based on the rated load. The floor shall be of metal
or wood construction with a nonskid surfacee' .
6.6.4.4 Markings as specified in ANSI Z97.1 shall
be on each separate piece of glass, and shall remain
visible after installation.
6.6.1.1 Securing of Enclosures. The enclosure shall
be securely fastened to the platform and so supported
that it cannot loosen or become displaced in ordinary
service, on the application of the platform safety, or on
buffer engagement.
6.6.5 Platform Truck and Guides. The platform shall
be securely anchored to a truck that supports it. The
41
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A1B.1-200S
truck shall be retained in a track or on a guide-rail
assembly.
device. Letters and numbers shall be not less than 6 mm
(0.25 in.) in height.
6.6.6 Platform Guarding. A retractable metal guard
at least 150 mm (6 in:) high shall be provided on the
lower access end 6f the platform to prevent the wheelchair from rolling off that end of the platform. It shall
be automatically actuated or manually activated and
shall remain in its elevated position until the platform
returns to the landing. It shall be operated by a positive
cam action or it shall be provided with an electric contact
that will stop the movement of the platform within
150 mm (6 in.) of travel away from the lower landing if
the guard has failed to rise to its guarding position.
A retractable platform mounted ramp shall be permitted to be used in lieu of the retractable platform guard.
Guards of at least 150 mm (6 in.) in height shall be
provided on the sides of the platform not used for access.
Guards and ramps, in their guarding position, shall
withstand, without permanent deformation, a force of
550 N (125Ibf) applied on any 100 mm (4 in.) by 100 mm
(4 in.) area. This force shall not cause the height of the
ramp, at any point in its length, to be less than 150 mm
(6 in.) measured vertically from the surface of the platform floor.
Means shall be provided to prevent the wheelchair
from rolling off the platform floor at the upper access
end. Retractable ramps are permitted to serve this function, and when in use, the incline of the ramp shall not
be greater than
(a) 1 in 4 for heights up to 50 mm (2 in.)
(b) 1 in 6 for heights up to 60 mm (2.5 in.)
(c) 1 in 8 for heights up to 75 mm (3 in.)
(d) 1 in 10 for heights up to 100 mm (4 in.)
(e) 1 in 12 for heights greater than 100 mm (4 in.)
6.7.3 Data Plates. A data plate shall be provided by
the manufacturer and securely fastened in a conspicuous
place. The plate shall state the rated speed, rated load,
weight of platform, suspension or support means, date
of manufacture, and manufacturer's name. Letters and
numerals shall be not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in height.
6.8 Safeties and Governors
(05)
All platforms shall be provided with a safety, except
for platforms of direct-plunger hydraulic lifts.
The safety shall be actuated by the action of a speed
governor or by the breakage or slackening of the suspension or support means. Where actuation is by a governor,
the safety shall be set at a maximum speed of 0.4 m/s
(75 ft/min). Where actuation is by breakage or slacking
of the suspension or support means, the safety shall be
set without delay, and independent of the speed governor, if provided.
Safety parts shall conform to the requirements of para.
6.8.1. Governor ropes, where provided, shall conform to
the requirements of para. 6.8.2.
The application and release of safeties shall conform
to the requirements of paras. 6.8.3, 6.8.4, and 6.8.5.
6.8.1 Minimum Factors of Safety and Stresses of
Safety Parts and Rope Connections
6.8.1.1 Parts of safeties, except springs, safetyrope drums,. leading sheaves, and their supporting
brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall have a factor of safety
of not less than 31..-1, based on the ultimate strength of
the material, and the materials used shall have an elongation of not less than 15% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.).
Forged, cast, or welded parts shall be stress relieved.
6.6.7 Seats. A lift shall be permitted to be provided
with a folding seat and seat belt to accommodate a
person not in a wheelchair.
6.8.1.2 Springs shall be permitted to be used in the
operation of platform or counterweight safeties. Where
used, and where partially loaded prior to safety operation, the loading on the spring shall not produce a fiber
stress exceeding one-half the elastic limit of the material.
During operation of the safety, the fiber stress shall not
exceed 85% of the elastic limit of the material. Helical
springs, where used, shall be in compression.
6.6.8 Obstruction Devices. The entire underside and
the edges of the platform floor facing the upper and
lower landings shall be equipped with a device that will
stop the platform traveling within a distance of 50 mm
(2 in.) or less if it is obstructed in its travel in either
direction by a force of 20 N (4 Ibf) or more.
6.7 Capacity, Load, and Speed
6.8.1.3 Safety-rope drums, leading sheaves, and
their supporting brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall be
permitted to be made of cast iron and other metals
provided such parts have a factor of safety of not less
than 10.
6.7.1 Limitations of Capacity, Load, and Speed. The
capacity shall be one person. The rated load shall be not
less than 200 kg (450 lb) and not greater than 320 kg
(700 lb). The lift shall be capable of sustaining and lowering a load as specified in Fig. 9.7. The rated speed
measured along the incline shall not exceed 0.15 m/s
(30 ft/ min).
6.8.1.4 Rope used as a connection from the safety
to the governor rope, including rope wound on the
safety-rope drum, shall be not less than 3 mm (0.125 in.)
in diameter and shall be made of a 'corrosion-resistant
metal. The factor of safety of the rope shall not be less
than 5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
6.7.2 Capacity Plate. A capacity plate stating the
capacity and rated load shall be furnished by the manufacturer and fastened in a conspicuous place on the
42
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-200S
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRlIFTS
enclosed manually reset type that shall cause the electric
power to be removed from the driving machine motor
and brake if any hoisting rope becomes slack shall be
permitted to be used as the lower final terminal stopping
device.
6.8.1.5 The factors of safety shall be based upon
the maximum stresses developed in the parts during
the operation of the safety when stopping rated load
from governor tripping speed.
6.8.1.6 Safety-rope leading-sheave brackets and
other safety operating parts shall not be attached to or
supported by wood members.
6.9.4 Final terminal stopping devices shall be
mechanically operated. The switch contacts shall be
directly opened mechanically. Arrangements that
depend on a spring, or gravity, or a combination thereof,
to open the contacts shall not be used.
6.8.2 Material and Factor of Safety. Governor ropes
shall be of iron, steel, monel metal, phosphor bronze,
or stainless steel. They shall be of a regular-lay construction, and not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The
factor of safety of governor ropes shall be not less than
5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
6.9.5 The final terminal stopping device shall not
control the same controller switches as the normal terminal stopping devices unless two or more separate and
independent switches are provided, two of which shall
be closed to complete the· driving-machine motor-andbrake circuit in either direction of travel. Where a twoor three-phase alternating-current driving-machine
motor is used, these switches shall be of the multipole
type. The control shall be so designed and installed that
a single ground or short circuit shall be permitted to
allow either, but not prevent both, the normal and final
stopping device circuits from stopping the platform.
6.8.3 Means of Application. Safeties shall be applied
mechanically. Electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices
shall not be used to apply the safeties required by section
6, nor to hold such safeties in the retracted position.
6.8.4 Level of Platform on Safety Application. The
application of a Type A or Type B safety to stop the
platform with its rated load centered on each quarter
of the platform floor symmetrically with relation to the
center line of the platform floor shall not cause the platform floor to be out of level more than 30 mm/m (0.375
in./ft) in any direction.
6.9.6 Final terminal stopping devices are not
required for direct-plunger hydraulic driving machines.
Lower final terminal stopping devices are not required
where the limitations of the machine or runway limit
the travel of the platform (e.g., a platform at rest on the
bottom terminal landing).
6.8.5 Release. When platform safeties are applied,
no decrease in tension in the governor rope nor motion
of the platform in the down direction shall release the
safeties, but such safeties shall be permitted to be
. released by the motion of the platform in the up
direction.
6.10 Operating Devices and Control Equipment
6.10.1 Operation. Operation of the chairlift from the
upper or lower landing and from the chair shall be
controlled by "UP" and "DOWN" control switches at
all stations, and shall be by means of the continuouspressure type. Controls shall be 1 200 mm (48 in.) maximum and 380 mm (15 in.) minimum above the platform
floor or facility floor or ground level. Operating devices
shall be designed so that both the "UP" and "DOWN"
circuits cannot be operated at the same time.
6.9 Terminal Stopping Devices
6.9.1 Normal terminal stopping devices required by
para. 6.9.2 shall be permitted to use mechanically operated, magnetically operated, optical, or static type
switches. Final terminal stopping devices required by
para. 6.9.3 shall use only mechanically operated switches
for determining platform position. Terminal stopping
devices that are located on the platform or in the runway
shall be of the enclosed type and securely mounted in
such a manner so that horizontal movement of the platform shall not affect the operation of the device.
6.10.2 Attendant Operation. Attendant operation
shall be permitted to be provided. Where provided, it
shall conform to the requirements of paras. 6.10.2.1
through 6.10.2.3.
6.9.2 Upper and lower normal terminal stopping
devices operated by the platform shall be provided, and
shall be set to stop the platform within a tolerance of
12 mm (0.5 in.) of the upper and lower terminal landings
under rated loading to zero loading conditions.
6.10.2.1 The attendant shall operate the lift by
means of a continuous-pressure switch located on a control box on the free end of a detachable, flexible cord
not more than 1500 mm (60 in.) in length. A manually
reset emergency stop switch shall also be provided in
the control box.
6.9.3 Upper and lower final terminal stopping
devices operated by the platform to remove power from
the motor and the brake shall be provided, except as
specified in para. 6.9.6. They shall be set to stop the
platform after it travels past the normal terminal stopping device and before striking an obstruction. A slackrope device equipped with a slack-rope switch of the
6.10.2.2 No controls, other than an emergency
stop switch, shall be provided on the lift.
6.10.2.3 Where the equipment operates on a
straight flight of stairs, and where the platform is within
41
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-200S
the platform is obstructed in its descent and the suspension means slacken. This device is not required to be of
_the manually reset type if the chain sprockets are
guarded to prevent the chain from becoming disengaged
from the sprockets.
sight during its entire travel, provisions shall be permitted to be made for the attendant to operate the lift from
the top or bottom of the stairs.
6.10.3 Control and Operating Circuit Requirements.
The design and installation of the control and operating
circuits shall conform to the requirements of paras.
6.10.3.1 through 6.10.3.3.
6.10.8 Emergency Stop Switch. An emergency stop
switch shall be provided in the platform and located
within reach of the passenger whether sitting in a wheelchair or sitting on the folding seat and located 1 200 mm
(48 in.) maximum and 380 mm (15 in.) minimum above
the platform floor.
When opened, this switch shall cause the electric
power to be removed from the lift driving-machine
motor and brake. Emergency stop switches shall be of
the manually opened and closed type and have red
operating handles or buttons. They shall be conspicuously and permanently marked "STOP" and shall indicate the "STOP" and "RUN" positions. Switches shall
be positively opened mechanically and their opening
shall not be solely dependent on springs.
6.10.3.1 Control systems that depend on the completion or maintenance of an electric circuit shall not be
used for interruption of the· power and application of
the machine brake at terminal landings or for stopping
the machine when the safety applies.
6.10.3.2 If springs are used to actuate switches,
contactors, or relays to break the circuit to stop the lift
at the terminal landing, they shall be of the restrained
compression type.
6.10.3.3 The failure of any single magnetically
operated switch, relay, or contactor to release in the
intended manner, or the failure of any solid sfate device
to operate as intended, or the occurrence of a single
accidental ground, or combination of accidental grounds
shall not permit the lift to start if this failure renders
ineffective any electrical protective device.
6.10.9 Release and Application of Driving-Machine
Brake. Driving-machine brakes shall not be electrically
released until power has been applied to the drivingmachine motor. All power feed lines to the brake shall
be opened, and the brake shall apply automatically
when any operating device in para. 6.10.1 or 6.10.2 is
in the stop position and when any electrical protective
device functions.
6.10.4 Motor Reversal Protection. Where a noninstantaneous reversible motor is used, a protective circuit or device shall be provided to prevent the motor
from continuing in the same direction if the reversing
control is activated.
6.10.10 Manual Operations. Means shall be provided
to permit authorized personnel from a position outside
the platform to raise or lower the platform manually in
the event of power failure, unless standby (emergency)
power is provided.
6.10.5 Phase Reversal and Failure Protection. Lifts
having polyphase alternating current power supply
shall be provided with means to prevent the starting of
the lift motor if the phase rotation is in the wrong direction, or if there is a failure of any phase.
This protection shall be considered to be provided if a
reversal of phase of the incoming polyphase alternating
current power will not cause the driving machine motor
to operate in the wrong direction.
6.11 Code Data Plate
A code data plate shall be provided that indicates the
A18.1 Standard to be used for inspections and tests. The
data plate shall be in plain view, securely attached on
the main line disconnect or on the controller. The data
plate shall be of such material and construction that the
letters and figures stamped, etched, cast, or otherwise
applied to the face shall remain permanently and readily
legible. The height of the letters and figures shall be not
less than 3 mm (0.125 in.).
6.10.6 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
6.10.6.1 All electrical equipment and wiring shall
conform to the requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70.
6.10.6.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
6.10.7 Slack-Rope and Slack-Chain Devices for Winding Drum and Roller-Chain-Type Driving Machines. Winding drum driving machines with rope suspension shall
be provided with a slack-rope device of the manually
reset type that will remove power from the motor and
brake if the platform is obstructed in its descent and the
suspension ropes slacken. Lifts with roller chain suspension means shall be provided with a slack-chain device,
which will remove power from the motor and brake if
7
PRIVATE RESIDENCE INCLINED STAIRWAY
CHAIRLlFTS 7
Section 7 applies to inclined stairway chairlifts where
installed in or at a private residence for use by the mobility impaired.
7 See section 4 for the requirements for this equipment installed
in locations other than in or at a private residence.
44
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
7.1 Runways
groove, and in the event of nonmetallic lining failure,
between the rope and the remaining sheave groove, to
safely stop and hold the chair with 125% of the rated
load.
7.1.1 A free passage width of not less than 500 mm
(20 in.) shall be provided. If the seat and platform can
be folded when not in use, the distance shall be measured from the folded position.
7.3.2 Hydraulic Driving Machines. Direct-plunger
hydraulic driving machines, where used, shall conform
to the requirements of para. 8.1, except para. 8.1.2.
Roped-hydraulic machines shall conform to the
requirements of para. 8.1 except for paras. 8.1.1, 8.1.3,
8.1.4.3, and 8.1.4.7.
7.1.2 The structure on which the equipment is
installed shall be capable of safety supporting the loads
imposed.
7.1.3 The installation of electrical equipment and
wiring shall- conform to the requirements of ANSIl
NFPA 70.
7.3.3 Screw Machines. Screw machines, where used,
shall conform to para. 8.2.
7.1.4 Electrical equipment shall be certified to the
requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
7.3.4 Friction Machines. Friction machines, where
used, shall conform to para. 8.3.
7.2 Guide Rails and Tracks
7.3.5 Location of Power Unit and Alignment and
Guarding of Sheaves and Sprockets. The power unit shall
be permitted to be mounted on the carriage or placed
at a remote location. If remotely located, all sheaves and
sprockets shall be so placed that the rope or chain travels
in the proper alignment. All sheaves and sprockets shall
be enclosed or guarded.
The supporting tracks or guide rails shall be securely
anchored to the stairs, floor surface, or side walL
The factor of safety used in the design of the guide
rails and tracks shall be not less than 5 based on the
rated load.
7.3 Driving Means and Sheaves
7.3.6 Indirect-Drive Machines. Indirect-drive
machines, utilizing V-belt drives, tooth drive belts, or
drive chains, shall conform to the requirements of paras.
7.3.6.1, 7.3.6.2, and 7.3.6.3, except that the requirements
of para. 7.3.6.2 shall be permitted to be omitted if a selflocking drive meeting the requirements of para. 7.4.2 is
provided. If multiple belts or chains are provided, they
shall be preloaded and matched for length in sets.
The driving means shall be one of the following:
(a) winding drum
(b) traction
(c) roped sprocket
(d) chain sprocket
(e) screw
if) rack and pinion
(g) direct-plunger hydraulic
(h) roped-hydraulic
(i) lever hydraulic
(j) friction
7.3.6.1 General Requirements. Belt sets shall be
selected on the basis of the manufacturer's rated breaking strength and a factor of safety of 10. Chain and
sprocket sets shall be selected on the basis of recommendations set forth in the Supplementary Information section of ANSI! ASME B29.1, using a service factor of 2.
Offset links in chain are not permitted. Sprockets in a
chain drive set shall be assembled onto a common hub,
with teeth cut in-line after assembly to assure equal load
distribution on all chains. Tooth sheaves for a belt drive
shall be constructed in a manner to assure equal load
distribution on each belt in the set. Load determination
for both the belt and chain sets shall be based on the
maximum static loading on the carriage, which is the
full load on the chair at rest and at a position in the
runway that creates the greatest load, including either
the carriage or counterweight resting on its buffer.
Chain drives and belt drives shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact and to prevent foreign
objects from interfering with drives.
7.3.1 General Requirements
7.3.1.1 The factor of safety used in the design of
the sprockets and sheaves shall be not less than 5 based
on the rated load. See section 8 for special requirements
of particular drive systems.
7.3.1.2 Driving-machine chains and sprockets
shall be of steel and shall conform in design and dimensions to the requirements of ANSI! ASME B29.1.
7.3.1.3 Winding drums, traction sheaves, overhead sheaves, and deflecting sheaves used with suspension and compensating ropes shall be of metal and be
provided with finished grooves for ropes or shall be
permitted to be lined with nonmetallic groove material,
and shall have a pitch diameter of not less than 30 times
the diameter of the suspension ropes. Where 8 x 19
steel rope or 7 x 19 steel aircraft cable is used, the pitch
diameter of the drums and sheaves shall be permitted to
be reduced to 21 times the diameter of the rope or cable.
Where the grooves are used to transmit power, sufficient traction shall be provided between the rope and
7.3.6.2 Monitoring and Brake Location. Each belt or
chain in a set shall be continuously monitored by a
broken belt or chain device that shall function to automatically interrupt power to the machine and apply the
4S
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
means and a worn chain or sprocket is replaced, all
chains and sprockets must be replaced.
brake if any belt or chain in the set breaks or becomes
excessively slack. The driving machine brake shall be
located on the traction sheaves or drum assembly side
of the driving machines so as to be fully effective if the
entire belt set or chain set should break.
7.6 Chairs and Seats
Each chair shall be provided with a foot platform, seat,
and seat belt. At least one hand grip shall be provided.
7.3.6.3 Replacement of Belts or Chains. If one belt
or chain of a set is worn, stretched, or damaged so as
to require replacement, the entire set shall be replaced.
Sprockets and toothed sheaves shall also be replaced if
worn.
7.6.1 Chair Truck and Guides. The chair shall be
securely anchored to a truck that supports it. The truck
shall be restrained in a track or on a guide-rail assembly.
7.6.2 Factors of Safety. The factor of safety used in
the design of the carriage and truck shall be not less
than 5 based on the rated load.
7.4 Driving-Machine Brakes
7.4.1 A driving-machine brake directly attached to
the driving means through a continuous shaft, mechanical coupling, or toothed gearing of the electrically
released spring applied type shall be provided, except
on lifts with hydraulic driving machines.
7.6.3 Footrest Obstruction Device. If the footrest is
located so that it is within 150 mm (6 in.) of the step
nosing or riser, a device shall be provided on the footrest
to stop the upward motion of the carriage if it encounters
an object between the footrest and step nosing or riser.
7.4.2 A machine brake is not required if a self-locking
drive utilizing a lead screw, worm, or other positive
gearing that will stop and hold the carriage with the
rated load within 100 mm (4 in.) of down travel after
the power is removed is provided.
7.6.4 Footrest Clearance. At no point in its travel shall
the edge of the footrest facing the upper landing be
more than 600 mm (24 in.) above the step or landing as
measured vertically.
7.5 Suspension and Support Means
7.7 Capacity, Speed, and Angle of Inclination
7.7.1 Limitations of Capacity, Load, and Speed. The
capacity shall not exceed two persons. The rated load
shall not be less than 115 kg (250 lb) for a one-seat lift
and not less than 180 kg (400 lb) for a two-seat lift. The
speed, as measured along the incline, shall not exceed
0.2 m/s (40 ft/min).
7.5.1 General Requirements
7.5.1.1 Suspension and support means shall be
one of the following:
(a) steel or iron wire rope
(b) steel aircraft cable
(c) roller chain
(d) direct-plunger hydraulic
(e) roped-hydraulic
if) rack and pinion
(g) screw
(h) friction machine guides and rollers
7.7.2 Limitation of Angle of Inclination. No lift shall
be installed to operate on a greater incline than 45 deg
as measured on the mean.
7.7.3 Capacity Plate. A capacity plate stating the
rated load in pounds shall be furnished by the manufacturer and fastened in a conspicuous place on the device.
Letters and numbers shall be not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.)
·in height.
7.5.1.2 Steel tapes or welded link chains shall not
be used as suspension means. Where wire ropes are
used, the diameter shall not be less than 6 mm (0.25 in.).
Where aircraft cable is used, the diameter shall not be
less than 3 mm (0.125 in.).
7.7.4 Data Plates. A data plate shall be provided by
the manufacturer and securely fastened in a conspicuous
place. It shall state the rated speed, rated load, suspension or support means, date of manufacture, and manufacturer's name. Letters and numerals shall be not less
than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in height.
7.5.2 Factors of Safety. The suspension and support
means shall have a factor of safety of not less than 7
based on the tension in the rope, cable, chain, or forces
exerted on the hydraulic cylinder, screw drive, or rack
and pinion when raising the rated load. When the carriage and counterweight are suspended by steel ropes
and the driving means between the machine and the
counterweight is an endless roller-type chain, the factor
of safety of such chain shall be not less than 8, based
on the rated load. See section 8 for special requirements
for particular drive systems.
7.8 Safeties and Governors
(05)
All carriages shall be provided with a safety, except
for platforms of direct-plunger hydraulic lifts.
The safety shall be actuated by the action of a speed
governor or by the breakage or slackening of the suspension or support means. Where actuation is by a governor,
the safety shall be set at a maximum speed of 0.4 m/s
(75 ft/min). Where actuation is by breakage or slackening of the suspension or support means, the safety
7.5.3 Replacement of Chains and Sprockets. If two
or more chains are used as a suspension or support
46
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A1B.1-200S
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
7.8.4 Level of Chair on Safety Application. The application of a Type A or Type B safety to stop the chair,
with its rated load, shall not cause the chair to be out of
level more than 30 mm/m (0.375 in./ft) in any direction.
shall be set without delay, and independent of the speed
governor, .if provided.
Safety parts shall conform to the requirements of para.
7.8.1. Governor ropes, where provided, shall conform to
the requirements of para. 7.8.2.
The application and release of safeties shall conform
to the requirements of paras. 7.8.3, 7.8.4, and 7.8.5.
7.8.5 Release. When chair safeties are applied, no
decrease in tension in the governor rope nor motion of
the chair in the down direction shall release the safeties,
but such safeties shall be permitted to be released by
the motion of the chair in the up direction.
7.8.1 Minimum Factors of Safety and Stresses of
Safety Parts and Rope Connections
7.8.1.1 Parts of safeties, except springs, safetyrope drums, leading sheaves, and their supporting
brackets and safety-jaw gibs, shall have a factor of safety
of not less than 31t2, based on the ultimate strength of
the material, and the materials used shall have an elongation of not less than 15% in a length of 50 mm (2 in.).
Forged, cast, or welded parts shall be stress relieved.
7.9 Terminal Stopping Devices
7.9.1 Normal terminal stopping devices required by
para. 7.9.2 shall be permitted to use mechanically operated, magnetically operated, optical, or static type
switches.
Final terminal stopping devices required by para. 7.9.3
shall use only mechanically operated switches for
determining chair position.
Terminal stopping devices that are located on the chair
or in the runway shall be of the enclosed type and
securely mounted in such a manner so that horizontal
movement of the chair shall not affect the operation of
the device.
7.8.1.2 Springs shall be permitted to be used in
the operation of chair or counterweight safeties. Where
used, and where partially loaded prior to safety operation, the loading on the spring shall not produce a fiber
stress exceeding one half the elastic limit of the material.
During operation of the safety, the fiber stress shall not
exceed 85% of the elastic limit of the material. Helical
springs, where used, shall be in compression.
7.9.2 Upper and lower normal terminal stopping
devices operated by the chair shall be provided, and
shall be set to stop the chair at or near the upper and
lower terminal landings under rated loading to zero
loading c.onditions.
7.8.1.3 Safety-rope drums, leading sheaves, and
their supporting brackets and safety-jaw gibs shall be
permitted to be made of cast iron and other metals
provided such parts have a factor of safety of not less
than 10.
7.9.3 Upper and lower final terminal stopping
devices operated by the chair to remove power from
the motor and the brake shall be provided, except· as
specified in para. 7.9.6. They shall be set to stop the
chair after it travels past the normal terminal stopping
device and before striking an obstruction. A slack-rope
device equipped with a slack-rope switch of the enclosed
manually reset type that shall cause the electric power
to be removed from the driving machine motor and
brake if any hoisting rope becomes slack shall be permitted to be used as the lower final terminal stopping
device.
7.8.1.4 Rope used as a connection from the safety
to the governor rope, including rope wound on the
safety-rope drum, shall be not less than 3 mm (0.125 in.)
in diameter and shall be made of a corrosion-resistant
metal. The factor of safety of the rope shall not be less
than 5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
7.8.1.5 The factors of safety shall be based upon
the maximum stresses developed in the parts during
the operation of the safety when stopping rated load
from governor tripping speed.
7.9.4 Final terminal stopping devices shall be
mechanically operated. The switch contacts shall be
directly opened mechanically. Arrangements that
depend on a spring, or gravity, or a combination thereof,
to open the contacts shall not be used.
7.8.1.6 Safety-rope leading-sheaves brackets and
other safety operating parts shall not be attached to or
supported by wood platform members.
7.8.2 Material and Factor of Safety. Governor ropes
shall be of iron, steel, monel metal, phosphor bronze,
or stainless steel. They shall be of a regular-lay construction, and not less than 6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The
factor of safety of governor ropes shall be not less than
5. Tiller-rope construction shall not be used.
7.9.5 The final terminal stopping device shall not
control the same controller switches as the normal terminal stopping devices unless two or more separate and
independent switches are provided, two of which shall
be closed to complete the driving-machine motor-and
brake circuit in either direction of travel. Where a twoor three-phase alternating-current driving-machine
motor is used, these switches shall be of the multipole
type.
7.8.3 Means of Application. Safeties shall be applied
mechanically. Electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic devices
shall not be used to apply the safeties required by section
7, nor to hold such safeties in the retracted position.
47
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made oftbis material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
the "STOP" position and when any electrical protective
device functions.
The control shall be so designed and installed that a
single ground or short circuit shall be permitted to allow
either, but not prevent both, the normal and final stopping devic,e circuits from stopping the chair.
7.9.6 Final terminal stopping devices are not
required for direct-plunger hydraulic driving machines.
Lower final terminal stopping devices are not required
where the limitations of the machine or runway limit
the travel of the chair (e.g., a carriage at rest on the'
bottom terminal landing).
7.10 Operating Devices and Control Equipment
7.10.1 Operation. Operation of the lift from the upper
or lower landing and from the chair shall be controlled
by "UP" and "DOWN" control switches at all stations,
and shall be by means of the continuous-pressure type.
Controls shall be 1 220 mm (48 in.) maximum and
380 mm (15 in.) minimum above the platform floor or
facility floor or ground level. Operating devices shall be
designed such that both the "UP" and "DOWN" circuits
cannot be operated at the same time.
7.10.6 Control and Operating Circuits. The design and
installation of the control and operating circuits shall
conform to the requirements of paras. 7.10.6.1 and
7.10.6.2.
7.10.6.1 Control systems that depend on the completion or maintenance of an electric circuit shall not be
used for interruption of the power and application of
the driving-machine brake at terminal landings or for
stopping the machine when the safety applies.
7.10.6.2 If springs are used to actuate switches,
contactors, or relays to break the circuit to stop the lift
at the terminal landing, they shall be of the restrained
compression type.
7.10.3.1 All electrical equipment and wiring shall
conform to the requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70.
7.10.7 Slack-Rope and Slack-Chain Devices for Winding Drum and Roller-Chain-Type Driving Machines. Winding drum driving machines with rope suspension shall
be provided with a slack-rope device of the manually
reset type that will remove power from the motor and
brake if the car is obstructed in its descent and the
suspension ropes slacken. Lifts with roller chain suspension means shall be provided with a slack-chain device,
which will remove power from the motor and brake if
the car is obstructed in its descent and the suspension
means slacken. This device is not required to be of the
manually reset type if the chain sprockets are guarded
to prevent the chain from becoming disengaged from
the sprockets.
7.10.3.2 Electrical equipment shall be certified to
the requirements of CAN/CSA B44.1/ ASME A17.5.
7.11 Code Data Plate
7.10.2 Motor Reversal Protection. If an instantaneously reversible motor is not used, a protective device
or circuit shall be provided to prevent the motor from
continuing in the same direction if the reversing control
is actuated.
7.10.3 Electrical Equipment and Wiring
A code data plate shall be provided that indicates the
A18.1 Standard to be used for inspections and tests. The
data plate shall be in, plain view, securely attached on
the main line disconnect or on the controller. The data
plate shall be of such material and construction that the
letters and figures stamped, etched, cast, or otherwise
applied to the face shall remain permanently and readily
legible. The height of the letters and figures shall be not
less than 3 mm (0.125 in.).
7.10.3.3 The failure of any single magnetically
operated switch, relay, or contractor to release in the
intended manner, or the failure of any solid state device
to operate as intended, or the occurrence of a single
accidental ground or combination of accidental grounds
shall not permit the lift to start if this failure renders
ineffective any electrical protective device.
7.10.4 Phase Reversal and Failure Protection. Chairlifts having polyphase alternating current power supply
shall be provided with means to prevent the starting of
the lift motor if the phase rotation is in the wrong direction, or if there is a failure of any phase.
This protection shall be considered to be provided if a
reversal of phase of the incoming polyphase alternating
current power will not cause the driving machine motor
to operate in the wrong direction.
8
DRIVING MEANS
Section 8 contains requirements for specific types of
driving means where referenced by other sections of
this Standard.
8.1 Hydraulic Driving Means
7.10.5 Release and Application of Driving-Machine
Brake. Driving-machine brakes shall not be electrically
released until power has been applied to the drivingmachine motor. All power feed lines to the brake shall
be opened, and the brake shall apply automatically
when any operating device in para. 7.10.1 or 7.10.2 is in
8.1.1 Hydraulic Jack and Connections. Where multiple hydraulic jacks are used, they shall be hydraulically
connected to form a single hydraulic system.
8.1.1.1 Direct-Acting Hydraulic Lifts. The driving
member of the hydraulic jack shall be attached to the
4R
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-2005
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
the electric power to be removed from the hydraulic
machine pump motor and the control valves should any
rope become slack.
platform frame or platform floor with fastenings of sufficient strength to support that member with a factor of
safety of not less than 4.
The connection to the hydraulic jack shall be capable
of withstanding, without damage, any forces resulting
from a plunger stop as described in para. 8.1.5.2.
Any plunger or cylinder head connector or connection
shall conform to the requirements of paras. 8.1.3.1,
8.1.3.4, and 8.1.6.
8.1.2.7 The traveling sheave shall be attached to
the upper end of the plunger or cylinder of the hydraulic
driving machine with fastenings having a minimum factor of safety of 4 based upon the ultimate strength of
the material used. The load to be used in determining
the factor of safety shall be the resultant of the maximum
tensions in the ropes leading from the sheave with the
lift at rest and with rated load in the platform.
8.1.2 Roped-Hydraulic Lift
8.1.2.1 Roped-hydraulic lifts having less than
three hydraulic jacks shall be suspended with no fewer
than two wire ropes per hydraulic jack. Where three or
more hydraulic jacks are utilized, one rope per jack shall
be permitted to be used. Should one hydraulic jack
become disconnected, the remaining jacks shall be capable of supporting the load without exceeding allowable
platform frame stresses or hydraulic jack stress.
8.1.3 Plungers
8.1.3.1 Material. :For tensile, compressive, bending,
and torsional loading the plunger and connecting couplings for the plunger shall have a factor of safety of
not less than 5 based on ultimate strength.
Pressure loadings shall have a factor of safety of not
less than that calculated per para. 9.5.
8.1.2.2 Where platforms are suspended by
hoisting ropes attached to the platform frame or to the
overhead supporting beams by means of rope shackles,
the shackles shall be attached to steel hitch plates or to
structural or formed steel shapes. Such plates or shapes
shall be secured to the underside or to the webs of the
platform frame members with bolts, rivets, or welds so
located that the tensions in. the hoisting ropes will not
develop direct tension in the bolts or rivets.
Where bolts and rivets are subjected to shearing
stresses due to tension in the hoisting ropes, the total
shear shall not exceed 60 MPa (8,600 psi) of actual area
in the shear plane. The stresses in the welds due to
tensions in the hoisting ropes shall not exceed 55 MPa
(8,000 psi) on the throat area of the welds. Bolts made
of steel having greater strength than specified by ASTM
A 307 shall be permitted to be used and the maximum
allowable stresses increased proportionally based on the
ratio of the ultimate strengths. Elongation shall conform
to the requirements of the corresponding ASTM specification.
The hitch plate supporting beams shall be designed
to withstand two times the sum of the tensions in all
hoisting ropes attached to the hitch plates.
8.1.3.2 Plunger Design. Plungers made of steel
shall be designed in accordance with the applicable formula in para. 9.2 for calculation of elastic stability, bending, and external pressure. For other materials, the
appropriate modules of elasticity must be utilized.
Plungers subject to internal pressure shall also be
designed and constructed in accordance with cylinder
design formula in para. 9.3.
8.1.3.3 Plunger Connection. When the hydraulic
jack is not subjected to eccentric loading, it shall carry
in tension the weight of the plunger with a factor of
safety of not less than 4 and restrict total vertical movement to less than 20% of the buffer stroke, where vibration damping means are provided.
In addition, when the hydraulic jack is subjected to
eccentric loading, the plunger connection to the platform
shall also be so designed and constructed as to transmit
the full eccentric moment into the plunger with a factor
of safety of not less than 4.
The plunger and the plunger connection to the platform shall also be so designed and constructed that
the total vertical deflection of the loading edge of the
platform due to eccentric loading of the platform shall
not exceed 20 mrn (0.75 in.).
8.1.2.3 The roping ratio that relates the driving
member of the hydraulic jack speed to the platform
speed shall not exceed 1:2.
8.1.3.4 Plunger Joints. Plungers composed of more
than one section shall have joints designed and -constructed to carry in tension the weight of all plunger
sections below the joint with a factor of safety of not
less than 4 and to transmit in compression the gross
load on the plunger with a factor of safety of not less
than 5 based on ultimate strength.
Joints shall withstand without damage any forces
resulting from a plunger stop as described in para.
8.1.5.1.
For eccentric loading, the joints shall conform to the
requirements of paras. 8.1.3.2 and 8.1.3.3.
8.1.2.4 Ropes passing through seals fixed in cylinder heads shall be permitted to have a clear plastic
coating applied in order to seal properly and facilitate
rope inspection.
8.1.2.5 Means shall be provided to prevent the
ropes, if slack, from leaving the sheave grooves.
8.1.2.6 A slack rope device with an enclosed manually reset switch shall be provided that shall cause
49
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
Closed heads of cylinders only shall be of dished
.seamless construction, concave to pressure, except if the
bottom of the cylinder is supported, and if the cylinder
is not buried.
They shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with the applicable formulas in para. 9.4, provided that
steel heads shall in no case have a thickness less than
that required for the adjoining shell.
Dished seamless heads, convex. to pressure if used
on plungers, shall have a maximum allowable working
pressure of not more than 60% of that for heads of the
same dimensions with pressure on the concave side.
8.1.3.5 Plungers Subject to External Pressure. For
plungers subjected to external pressure, the working
pressure shall be not greater than indicated by the formula in para. 9.2.3.
8.1.3.6 Plunger Heads Subject to Fluid Pressure.
Heads of plungers subject to fluid pressure shall conform to the requirements of para. 8.1.4.6.
8.1.3.7 Plunger-Follower Guide. A plunger-follower
guide shall be permitted to be used provided it is
arranged so that the lift is always in a position where
the unsupported length of the plunger conforms to the
"maximum free length" as defined in para. 9.2, and to
open the power circuit if this length is exceeded.
Telescopic plungers shall have each plunger section
internally guided. If more than two movable sections
are used, external guides shall be provided for each
plunger section.
8.1.4.7 Collection of Oil Leakage. Means shall be
provided to collect for removal any oil leakage from the
cylinder packing gland. The amount collected before
removal shall not exceed 20 L (5 gal).
8.1.4.8 Installation Below Ground. Cylinders
installed below ground shall be provided with protection from corrosion by one or more of the following
methods:
(a) monitored cathodic protection.
(b) a coating to protect the cylinder and piping from
corrosion that will withstand the installation process.
(c) by a protective plastic casing immune to galvanic
or electrolytic action, salt water, and other known underground conditions. The casing shall be capped at the
bottom and all joints shall be solvent or head welded to
ensure water tightness and be constructed of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) pipe with minimum pipe stiffness of 320
kPa (46 psi) (as per ASTM D 2412) or of material with
equivalent characteristics; and the annulus between the
cylinder and the top of the protective plastic casing shall
be sealed and provided with means of inspection for
the presence of oil.
If the space between the protective casing and cylinder
is empty, the casing must be designed to withstand a
static head of water from ground level to the bottom
of the casing based on manufacturer's ratings of the
material used.
8.1.4 Cylinders
8.1.4.1 Material. The cylinder and connecting couplings for the cylinder shall be made of materials in
compliance with the following. For tensile, compressive,
bending, and torsional loading the cylinder and connecting couplings shall have a factor of safety of not less
than 5 based on ultimate strength. For pressure calculations the cylinder and connecting coupling shall have a
factor of safety of not less than that calculated as specified in para. 9.5.
8.1.4.2 Cylinder Design. Cylinders shall be
designed and constructed in accordance with the formula in para. 9.3.
8.1.4.3 Clearance at Bottom of Cylinder. Clearance
shall be provided at the bottom of the cylinder so that
the bottom of the plunger will.not strike the safety bulkhead of the cylinder when the platform is resting on its
full y compressed buffer.
8.1.4.4 Safety Bulkhead. Buried cylinders shall be
provided with a safety bulkhead having an orifice of a
size that would permit the platform to descend at a
speed not greater than 0.08 m/s (15 ft/min) nor less
than 0.03 m/s (5 ft/min). A space of not less than 25 mm
(1 in.) shall be left between the welds of the safety bulkhead and the cylinder head. Safety bulkheads shall conform to the requirements of para. 8.1.4.6.
Th~se requirements do not apply where a double cylinder is used and where both inner and outer cylinders
conform to the requirements of para. 8.1.4.
8.1.4.9 Means for Relief of Air or Gas. Cylinders
shall be provided with a means to release air or other gas.
8.1.4.10 The cylinder shall be provided with a
flow control device, installed at the cylinder oil inlet,
that will prevent the carriage from descending at a rate
in excess of 125% of the rated speed.
8.1.5 Stops
8.1.5.1 Metal Stops and/or Other Means. Metal
stops and/or other means shall be provided at one end
of the plunger and at the packing head end of the cylinder to prevent the plunger from traveling beyond the
limits of the cylinder.
The metal stops and/ or other means shall be so
designed and constructed as to stop the plunger traveling in the up direction at maximum speed under full
8.1.4.5 Cylinder Packing Heads. Cylinder packing
heads shall conform to the appropriate requirements of
paras. 8.1.5 and 9.4.
8.1.4.6 Closed Cylinder and Plunger Heads. Closed
heads of cylinders, and heads of plungers subject to fluid
pressure, shall conform to the following requirements.
so
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A18.1-200S
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY (HAIRLIFTS
8.1.7.3 Steel Piping. Where used, steel piping shall
be of the welded, grooved, threaded, or bolted flange
type. Threads of piping and fittings shall conform to
ASME Standard B1.20.1.
load pressure, should the normal terminal stopping
device fail to operate. No running test onto the stop ring
is required.
8.1.5.2 Hydraulic System. The connections to the
hydraulic driving machine, plunger, plunger connec:tion, couplings, plunger joints, cylinder, cylinder connecting couplings, or any other parts of the hydraulic
system shall be designed and constructed to withstand,
without damage, a plunger stop in accordance with para.
8.1.5.1.
8.2 Screw Machines
8.2.1 The screw machine shall function to raise or
lower the platform acting in conjunction with a screw
column that directly supports the platform.
8.2.2 . Screws shall be made of steel. Nuts shall be
made of bronze or other materials having an elongation
of at least 14% in 50 mm (2 in.).
8.1.6 Welding. All welding shall conform to the
requirements of para. 9.1.
8.2.3 Means shall be provided to maintain the screw
in its operating position Under all conditions of operation. Screws suspended from their upper end shall be
restrained at their lower end.
8.1.7 Hydraulic Connections
8.1.7.1 Flexible Hose and Fittings. Flexible hose and
fitting assemblies and flexible couplings shall be permitted for hydraulic connections. Where installed between
the check valve and the cylinder, they shall conform to
the following requirements:
(a) Installation shall be accomplished without introducing twist in the hose and shall conform with the
minimum bending radius of SAE 100 R2 type highpressure, steel wire reinforced, rubber covered hydraulic
hose specified in SAE J5 17D.
(b) The hose shall be suitably protected from surface
abrasion where it passes through a wall or enclosure.
(c) The hose and fitting assembly shall have a bursting
strength sufficient to withstand not less than 8 times the
working pressure (see Definitions in para. 1.3)
(d) Conform to the requirements of SAE 100 R2 type
hose specified in SAE J5 17D and be compatible with
the fluid used:
(1) use non-reusable type fittings
(2) be permanently marked or tagged with
(a) the SAE hose type identification
(b) the bursting strength
(c) manufacturer of hose and fittings
(e) Flexible couplings shall be so designed and constructed that failure of the sealing equipment will not
permit separation of the parts connected. The devices
or means used for preventing the separation of the parts
connected shall be removable only with the use of tools.
Devices or means removable with hand-operated quickrelease levers or toggles shall not be permitted.
8.2.4 A casing, closed at the end, shall be provided
to enclose and protect the screw column in cases where
the screw column extends outside the runway and
machine room.
8.2.5 The screw column, nut, and their attachments
shall provide sufficient strength to support the loads
imposed on their connections with a factor of safety of 5.
8.2.6 Means shall be provided to prevent the disengagement of the nut from the screw column. This means
shall be so designed and constructed as to prevent disengagement in the event of overtravel at full speed and
without damage to any part of the lift installation. Any
additional loads imposed by this action shall so be considered in the computations made in accordance with
para. 8.2.7.
8.2.7 Where the screw column is a compression
member, column formulas of para. 9.2 shall be used in
the design with the words "screw column" substituted
for the word "plunger" and:
A
net cross-sectional area of screw at the root
of the thread, mm2 (in. 2)
L
maximum free length of screw, mm (in.)
radius of gyration of screw at root of
R
thread, mm (in.)
W
the total weight with rated load plus onehalf the weight of the screw column, kg (lb)
W/A
maximum allowable fiber stress
8.1.7.2 Hydraulic Tubing and Fittings
8.2.8 Where the screw column is a tension member,
the unit stress (considering the root dimension and any
associated stress concentration and/ or the reduced section at any joints in the screw) shall not exceed one-fifth
of the ultimate strength of the material with a maximum
fiber stress not to exceed 125 kPa (18,000 psi).
8.1.7.2.1 Hydraulic tubing and fittings in conformance with
(a) SAE Standard J524 for tubing.
(b) SAE Standard J514 for fittings shall be permitted
to be used for hydraulic connections between the check
valve and the cylinder. The tubing and fitting assembly
shall have a bursting strength sufficient to withstand
not less than 8 times the working pressure. (See Definitions in para. 1.3.)
8.2.9 A positive mechanical means shall be provided
to prevent rotation or separation of sections of a multiple
section screw column.
Sl
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
AsME A18.1-2005
. 8.3 Friction Machines
9.2 Plunger Design
The friction developed shall be self-adjusting to
allow for wear and be capable of lifting and supporting a
platform loaded with 125% of the rated load.
Plungers shall be designed and constructed in accordance with one of the following formulas.
8.3.2 The friction drive wheels and the guide means
shall be made of metal or other durable material or a
combination of materials. Wear or failure of these materials shall not reduce the available friction required to
ensure compliance with para. 8.3.1. The presence of
moisture shall not reduce the available friction required
to ensure compliance with para. 8.3.1.
9.2.1.1 Where slenderness ratio of plunger is less
than 120
8~3.1
(05)
9.2.1 Plungers Not Subject to Eccentric Loading
(Sf Units)
~ = 9.377
107 - 3.344
X
103 (LlRf
(U.S. Customary)
8.3.3 Friction drive, if used to drive the over-speed
governor, shall be independent of the main friction drive.
~
8.3.4 If the over-speed governor is friction driven,
the control system shall include circuitry to continually
monitor the rotation of the over-speed governor driving
means during travel. If rotation ceases, electric power
shall be removed from the driving machine motor and
brake (if provided) within 10 sec or 1000 mm (40 in.)
of travel, whichever occurs first. ReleaSing operating
controls shall be permitted to reset the monitor or its
circuitry.
= 13,600 - 0.485 (LlRf
. 9.2.1.2 8 Where slenderness ratio of plunger is
greater than 120
(Sf Units)
W
6.552
A
X 1011
(LIR)2
(U.S. Customary)
8.3.5 The force transmitted to the rotating device by
friction shall be at least twice the force necessary to
actuate the safeties.
W
A
95,000,000
=
(LIR)2
where
A
9
X
ENGINEERING TYPE TESTING AND DESIGN
L
Section 9 contains formulas, figures, tables, and specifications to be applied where required by the other sections of this Standard.
9.1 Welding
R
9.1.1 Qualification of Welders. Welding of parts,
except for tack welds later incorporated into finished
welds, shall be done by welders qualified in accordance
with the requirements of Section 5 of ANSI! AWS D1.1.
At the option of the manufacturer or contractor, the
welders shall be permitted to be qualified by one of the
following:
(a) the manufacturer or contractor
(b) a professional consulting engineer
(c) a recognized testing laboratory
W
W/A
9.1.2 Welding Steel. Welding of steel shall be done
in accordance with the applicable section of ANSI/ AWS
D1.1 or ANSI! AWS D1.3.
net sectional area of plunger (area of metal),
m 2 (in. 2)
maximum free length of plunger, mm (in.).
Where a plunger-follower guide is used, L
shall be taken as one-half the amount that
the free length would be if no follower guide
was provided.
radius of gyration of plunger section mm
(in.)
allowable gross weight to be sustained by
plunger, N (lbf). Where a counterweight is
provided, the weight of the counterweight
plus the unbalanced weight of the counterweight ropes shall be permitted to be
deducted in determining W In determining
W, one-half of the weight of the plunger shall
be included except where a plunger-follower
guide, is used, in which case, three-fourths
of the plunger weight shall be included.
= maximum allowable fiber stress, kPa (psi)
9.2.1.3 Plungers having a free length of 7 600 mm
(300 in.) or less shall be permitted to be accepted without
further examination for strength and elastic stability
provided all of the following conditions exist:
(a) The working pressure is 2 MPa (300 psi) or less.
9.1.3 Welding Metals Other Than Steel. Welding of
materials other than steel shall be done in accordance
with the latest AWS requirements applicable to the specific materials used.
8
Formulas are for steel.
52
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
(b) The plunger is 100 mm (4 in.) nominal pipe size
or larger.
(c) Pipe not lighter than schedule 40 is used and not
more than 1.6 mm (0.0625 in.) of metal has been removed
from the wall thickness in machining.
For plungers with varying cross section,
the stress shall be calculated for a factor of safety of at
least 3 using accepted methods for elastic stability.
9.2.1.4
9.2.2 Plungers Subject to Eccentric Loading. For
plungers subject to bending, the stresses due to bending
as determined by the following formula shall be subtracted from the stress WIA as determined by the applicable formulas in para. 9.2.1:
(51 Units)
5
= (~e)
(U.s. Customary)
5
where
5
Z
Z
plungers subjected to external pressure, the working
pressure shall be not more than that indicated by the
following formula.
Where the ratio of
tID is less than 0.023
(51 Units)
= 2 296 [1 -
= 333 [1 -
9.2.4 Telescoping Plungers. Telescoping plungers
shall have each plunger section internally guided. If
more than two movable sections are used, plunger follower guides shall be provided for each plunger section.
ITI the formulas in paras. 9.2.1.1 and 9.2.1.2, the values
of A and R shall be for the smallest plunger section.
When plunger follower guides are used, the value of L
shall be the maximum free length of the smallest section
in inches. When plunger follower guides are not used,
the value of L shall be taken as 1.4 times the maximum
free length of the smallest plunger section.
t=pd+ C
25
where
C
5
d
P
t
J
1 - 1 600
(li),]
J1 - (li)']
depth of the thread or groove, mm (in.)
allowable stress, kPa (psi) (see para. 9.5.2)
internal diameter, mm (in.)
working pressure, kPa (psi)
minimum thickness of wall, mm (in.)
9.4 Cylinder and Plunger Heads
Heads of cylinders and heads of plungers subject to
fluid pressure shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with one of the following applicable formulas:
9.4.1
(U.S. Customary)
p
where
D
external finished diameter, mm (in.)
p = working pressure, kPa (psi)
t = finished wall thickness, mm (in.)
Cylinder shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the following formula: .
9.2.3 Plungers Subjected to External Pressure. For
p
t
P = 28,890 15 - 462
9.3 Cylinder Design
= Wbe
stress due to bending, MPa (psi)
section modulus of plunger section, mm3 (in. 3)
eccentricity of W b, mm (in.)
maximum eccentric load, N (lbf). Where any
or all of this load is caused by moving wheel
loads imposed on the edge of the platform,
the total of such loads shall be doubled for
impact.
9.2.3.1
(U.s. Customary)
Flat unreinforced heads
t=d
V!P4S
9.4.2 Dished seamless hemispherical heads, concave
to pressure
1,600
t
= 5pr
65
9.2.3.2 Where the ratio of tiD is greater than 0.023
(51 Units)
P = 199200
t
15 -
9.4.3 Dished seamless ellipsoidal heads, concave to
pressure (ellipsoidal heads in which one-half of the
minor axis equals one-quarter the inside diameter of
skirt),
3185
t
= 5pD
65
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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SAFElY STAN DARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.1-2005
where
inside diameter of skirt, mm (in.)
allowable stress, kPa (psi) (see para. 9.5.2)
diameter of head between supporting
edges, mm (in.)
working pressure, kPa (psi)
radius to which head is dished, measured on
concave side (not greater than d), mm (in.)
minimum thickness of head, mm (in.)
D
S
d
p
r
9.5. Safety Factor
9.5.1 The minimum factor of safety for components
subject to fluid pressure shall be as follows:
5.04
F
= E _ 2.8 + 2.7
where
E = percent elongation in 50 mm (2 in.) gauge length
as per ASTM E 8 expressed as a whole number
(e.g., 20% = 20 and 5% = 5). The minimum
allowable E shall be 5.
F
minimum factor of safety based on 0.2% proof
stress yield point. The minimum allowable F
shall be 3
that manufacturer for the same or lesser capacity
(rated load).
9.6.2 Test of Speed Limiting Device. The test shall be
made either in the manufacturer's plant, in a testing
laboratory, or in the field by suspending the platform
with rated load at the maximum height of travel above
the lower limit of normal travel and allowing it to drop
(free-fall) until the descent is controlled by the speed
limiting device. The platform shall be allowed to continue its descent until brought to rest. The test shall be
instrumented so that a graph of velocity versus distance
can be plotted. The test shall be witnessed by, and the test
results certified by, a testing laboratory or a registered
professional engineer. After the test, the screw column,
screw column supports, speed limiting device, guide
rails, and platform frame shall be inspected to determine
that there has been no damage. A test on a given capacity
lift shall be accepted for all similarly designed lifts by
that manufacturer for the same or lesser capacity
(rated load).
9.7 Minimum Load to Sustain and Lower
The following formulas shall be used for determining
the minimum load to sustain and lower:
(S1 Units)
9.5.2 The allowable stress to be used in paras. 9.3
through 9.4 shall be determined as follows:
s = y.p.
W = 35.05A 2 + 325.7A
(U.S. Customary)
F
W = 0.667A2 + 66.7A
where
F
S
y.p.
minimum factor of safety based on 0.2% proof
yield stress point as determined in para. 9.5.1
allowable stress kPa (psi)
yield point, based on 0.2% proof yield stress
point, kPa (psi)
where
A
W
=
inside net platform area, mm2 (ff)
minimum rated load, kg (lb)
Figure 9.7 gives the minimum load to sustain and
lower for various inside net platform areas.
9.6 Engineering Tests: Safety Nut and Speed
Limiting Device of Screw Column Lifts
9.8 Tapered Rope Sockets
This section specifies the engineering tests of safety
nuts and speed limiting devices that are permitted as
alternate safety devices on screw column lifts.
9.8.1 The axial length, L, of the tapered portion of
the socket shall be not less than 43~ times the diameter
of the wire rope used.
9.6.1 Test of Safety Nut. The test shall be made in
either the manufacturer's plant, in a testing laboratory,
or in the field by suspending the platform with rated
load a distance above the safety nut of at least 12 mm
(0.5 in.) and allowing it to drop (free-fall) until the entire
load rests on the safety nut. The test shall be witnessed
by, and the test results certified by, a -testing laboratory
or registered professional engineer. After the test, the
screw column, screw supports safety nut, guide rails,
and platform frame shall be inspected.to determine that
there has been no damage. A test on a given capacity
lift shall be accepted for all similarly designed lifts by
9.8.2 The axial length, L', of the open portion of the
rope socket shall be not less than 4 times the diameter
of the wire rope used.
9.8.3 The length of the straight bore, L", at the small
end of the socket shall be not more than 12 mm (0.5 in.)
nor less than 3 mm (0.125 in.), and its outer edge shall
be rounded and free from cutting edges.
9.8.4 The diameter, d, of the hole at the large end
of the tapered portion of the socket shall be not less
than 21~ times nor more than 3 times the diameter of
the wire rope used.
Copyright © 2005.by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME AlB.l-200S
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
1500 (3300)
..
J} 1000 (2200)
-0
ra
o
....J
"C
CI)
ro
/
0::
500 (1100)
o
v
/
v
/"
v
/
/
V
/"
/
o
1 (10.8)
2 (21.5)
4 (43.1)
3 (32.4)
Inside Net Platform Area, m 2 (ft2)
GENERAL NOTE:
1 Ib = 0.45 kg
1
= 9.29 E - 02m 2
fe
Fig.9.7
Minimum loads to Sustain and lower Based Upon Inside Net Platform Area
9.8.5 The diameter of the hole in the small end of
the socket shall not exceed the nominal diameter of the
rope by more than 2 mm (0.09375 in.).
9.8.6 Only babbitt metal or thermo setting resin composi tions intended for wire rope resocketing shall be
used to secure ropes in tapered sockets. The embedment
material shall conform to para. 9.8.6.1 or 9.8.6.2.
9.8.6.1 Babbitt metal shall contain at least 9% of
antimony and shall be clean and free from dross.
9.8.6.2 Thermosetting resin composition shall
conform to the following.
9.8.6.2.1 Uncured (liquid) material shall have
the following properties:
(a) Viscosity of Resin-Catalyst Mixture. The viscosity of
the resin-catalyst mixture shall be sufficiently low to
permit rapid, complete saturation of the rope rosette in
order to prevent entrapment of air.
(b) Flash Point. All components shall have a minimum
flash point of 27°C (80 0P).
. (c) Shelf Life. All components shall have a minimum
of 1 year shelf life at 21°C (70 0P).
(d) Pot Life and Cure Time. After mixing, the resincatalyst mixture shall be pourable for a minimum of
8 min at 21°C (70 0P) and shall cure within 1 hr after
hardening. Heating of the resin mixture in the socket to
accelerate curing shall follow the resin manufacturer's
instructions.
9.8.6.2.2
properties:
Cured resin shall have the following
(a) Socket Performance. Resin, when cured, shall
develop sufficient holding strength to solvent-washed
wire-in-wire rope sockets to develop 80% of the ultimate
strength of all types of wire rope. No slippage of wire
is permissible when testing resin-filled rope socket
assemblies in tension; however, after testing, some seating of the resin cone shall be permitted to be apparent
and is acceptable. Resin terminations shall also be capable of withstanding tensile shock loading.
(b) Shrinkage. The volumetric shrinkage of fully cured
resin shall not exceed 2%. The use of an inert filler in
the resin is permissible.
(c) Curing. The resin-catalyst mixture shall be capable
of curing either at ambient 16°C-38°C (60 0P-1000P) or
elevated temperatures. At temperatures below 16°C
(60 0P), an elevated temperature cure shall be used.
9.8.6.2.3 The thermoset resin composition
intended for wire rope socketing shall be supplied in
two parts consisting of preweighed resin and catalyst,
each packaged separately within a kit. Each kit containing the thermoset resin composition shall consist of
the following:
(a) preweighed thermoset resin
(b) preweighed catalyst
(c) necessary materials for mixing and pouring
(d) detachable label on resin container
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
~mJl
~
(05)
SAFElY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A18.l·200S
9.8.6.2.4 The label on the resin container shall
show the following information:
(a) product name
(b) part designation (e.g., "Part A" or "Resin")
(c) manufacturer's name and address
(d) mixing instructions
(e) ICC information
if) safety warnings and cautions
(g) packaging date
(h) flash point
(i) shelf life
(j) storage instructions
(k) curing instructions
(l) net weight
9.8.6.2.5 The label on the catalyst container shall
show the following information:
(a) product name
(b) part designation (e.g., "Part B," "Catalyst," or
"Hardener")
.
(c) manufacturer's name and address
(d) safety warnings and cautions
(e) flash point
if) storage instructions
(g) net weight
10
ROUTINE, PERIODIC, AND ACCEPTANCE
INSPECTIONS AND TESTS
Section 10 covers routine, periodic, and acceptance
inspections and tests. The inspections and tests shall
apply to the corresponding requirements of sections 2
through 7.
10.1 General Requirements
10.1.1 Routine Inspections and Tests. Routine inspections and tests shall be made by an inspector employed
by the authority having jurisdiction, by an inspector
employed by an accredited insurance company, which
is the primary insurer of the equipment to be inspected,
or by a person authorized by the authority having jurisdiction.
10.1.2 Periodic Inspections and Tests
10.1.2.1 Periodic inspections and tests shall be
witnessed by an inspector employed by the authority
having jurisdiction, except as specified in para. 10.1.2.3.
10.1.2.2 The owner or his authorized agent shall
have all of the tests required by para. 10.3 made by a
person qualified to perform such service in the presence
of an inspeCtor employed by the authority having jurisdiction, except as specified in para. 10.1.2.3.
10.1.2.3 Where the authority having jurisdiction
does not employ a qualified inspector, it shall authorize
a qualified person to witness the inspection and tests
on its behalf. Immediately after the inspection and tests,
the inspector shall submit to the authority having jurisdiction a statement certifying that the inspection and
tests have been performed and a report on the results
thereof.
The authority having jurisdiction may authorize the
person witnessing the tests to
(a) submit to the bwner or his authorized agent a
statement certifying that the tests have been performed
and a report on the results thereof
(b) attach a metal tag to the tested devices as required
10.1.3 Acceptance Inspections and Tests
10.1.3.1 The acceptance inspection shall be made
by an inspector employed by the authority having jurisdiction, except as specified in para. 10.1.3.3.
10.1.3.2 The person installing or altering the
equipment shall perform all of the tests required by para.
lOA or 10.5 in the presence of an inspector employed by
the authority having jurisdiction, except as specified in
para. 10.1.3.3.
10.1.3.3 The authority having jurisdiction may
authorize a qualified person to make the inspection and
witness the tests on its behalf. Immediately after the
inspection and tests, the inspector shall submit to the
authority having jurisdiction a statement certifying that
the inspection and tests have been performed and a
report on the results thereof.
10.1.4 Applicability of Inspection and Test Requirements. Inspections and tests required by section 10 are
to determine that the equipment conforms with the following applicable standard requirements:
(a) the standard requirements at the time of installation
(b) the standard requirements at the time of any alteration
10.1.5 Installation Placed Out of Service. When an
installation is placed out of service (see para. 1.3, Definitions), inspections and tests may be discontinued. Before
the installation is put back in service, it shall be subject
to all of the required routine and periodic tests and
inspections, including the I-year, 3-year, and 5-year
tests.
10.2 Routine Inspections and Tests
10.2.1 Inspection and Test Periods. The routine
inspections and tests of sections 2, 3, and 4 lifts shall be
made at intervals not longer than 6 months. Routine
inspections and tests of sections 5, 6, and 7 lifts shall be
made at intervals not longer than 1 year.
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME AI8.1-200S
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
10.2.2 Inspection and Test Requirements. Routine
inspections and tests shall include where applicable the
following.
(t)
(u)
Suspension rope
Compensation ropes and chains
10.2.2.4 Outside Runway Inspections
Runway doors
(b) Runway door locking devices
(c) Runway enclosure
10.2.2.1 Inside Platform Inspections
(a) Stop switches
(b) Operating control devices
(c) Floor' and landing sill
(d) Lighting
(e) Emergency signal
if) Door or gate
(g) Enclosure
(h) Floor
(i) Signs and operating device symbols
(j) Rated load, platform floor area, and data plate
(k) Ride
(a)
10.3 Periodic Inspections and Tests
Inspection and Test Periods. In addition to the routine
inspections and tests (para. 10.2), the applicable inspections and tests specified in para. 10.3.1 shall be performed in intervals not longer than 1 year, the applicable
inspections and tests specified in para. 10.3.2 shall be
made at intervals not longer than 3 years, and the applicable inspections and tests specified in para. 10.3.3 shall
be made at intervals not longer than 5 years.
10.2.2.2 Machine Inspections
Enclosure of machine space
(b) Guarding of exposed auxiliary equipment
(c) Overhead beam and fastenings
(d) Drive machine brake
(e) Traction drive machines
if) Gears and bearings
(g) Winding drum machine
(h) Belt- or chain-drive machine
(i) Traction sheaves .
(j) Secondary and deflector sheaves
(k) Rope fastenings
(1) Slack rope devices
(m) Governor, overspeed switch, and seal
(n) Platform safeties
(0) Hydraulic power unit
(p) Control valves
(q) Hydraulic cylinders
10.3.1 One-Year Inspection and Test Requirements
(a)
10.3.1.1 Cylinders. Cylinders that are exposed shall
be visually inspected. Cylinders that are not exposed
shall be tested. After a minimum of 15 min, a change
in platform position that cannot be accounted for by
visible oil leakage, valve leakage, or temperature change
indicates a leak in the unexposed portion of the cylinder
or the piping.
10.3.1.2 Safeties
10.3.1.2.1 All working parts of platform safeties
shall be inspected to determine that they are in satisfactory operating condition.
10.3.1.2.2 Safeties shall be subjected to the following tests with no load in the platform.
(a) Type A, B, or C governor-operated safeties shall
be operated by tripping the governor by hand with the
platform operating at the slowest operating speed in the
down direction. In this test the safety ,shall bring the
platform to rest promptly. In the case of Type A, B, or
C safeties employing rollers or dogs for application of
the safety, the rollers or dogs are not required to operate
their full traveL
(b) Governor-operated wood guide-rail safeties shall
be tested by tripping the governor by hand with the
platform at rest and moving the platform in the down
direction until it is brought to rest by the safety, and the
hoisting ropes slip on the traction machines or become
slack on winding drum machines.
(c) Type A and wood guide-rail safeties without governors, which are operated as a result of the breaking
or slackening of the hoisting ropes, shall be tested by
obtaining the necessary slack rope to cause it to function.
10.2.2.3 Inside Runway Inspections
Platform, overhead, and deflector sheaves
(b) Normal terminal stopping devices
(c) Final terminal stopping devices
(d) Broken rope, chain, or tape switch
(e) Counterweight
if) Head room
(g) Slack rope devices
(h) Traveling sheave
(i) Platform safeties and guiding members
(j) Runway construction
(k) Pipes, wiring, and ducts
(1) Runway clearances
(m) Traveling cables and junction boxes
(n) Door and gate equipment
(0) Platform frame
(p) Guide rails fastening and equipment
(q) Governor rope
(r) Governor releasing carrier
(s) Wire rope fastening and hitch plate
(a)
10.3.1.3 Governors. Governors shall be inspected
and operated manually to determine that all parts,
including those that impart the governor pull-through
tension to the governor rope, operate freely.
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Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. ~
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
ASME A1B.1-200S
10.3.1.4 Slack-Rope Devices on Winding Drum
Machines. Slack-rope devices on winding drum
10.3.3.2.2 The governor rope pull-through force
shall be tested to determine conformance with the applicable requirements, and the adjustment means shall be
sealed.
machines shall be operated manually and inspected to
determine conformance with the applicable requirements.
10.3.3.2.3 After these tests, a metal tag indicating the date of the governor tests together with the name
of the person or firm that performed the tests shall be
attached to the governor in a permanent manner.
10.3.1.5 Normal and Final Terminal Stopping
Devices. Normal and final terminal stopping devices
shall be inspected and tested to determine conformance
with the applicable requirements.
10.3.3.3 Brake. The brake shall be tested by placing
125% of rated load in the platform and running it to the
lowest landing by normal operating means. The driving
machine shall safely lower, stop, and hold the platform
with this overload.
10.3.1.6 Broken Rope, Tape, orChain Switch. Where
a rope, tape, or chain is used to connect the motion of
the platform to the machine room normal limit, the
switch that senses failure of this connection shall be
tested.
10.3.3.4 Ropes. Ropes used on roped-hydraulic
lifts shall be inspected. Coated rope shall be required
to have a magnetic flux test capable of detecting broken
wires in addition to a visual test.
10.3.1.7 Slack-Rope Device on Roped-Hydraulic
Machines. Slack-rope devices for roped-hydraulic lifts
will be tested for conformance by lowering the platform
or blocking and creating slack rope causing the device
to operate. The slack rope can also be obtained by operation of the safety during the annual safety test.
10.3.3.5 Fastenings. Wire rope fastenings on
roped-hydraulic lifts utilizing hydraulic jacks equipped
with pistons that are hidden by cylinder head seals shall
also be inspected even if it is temporarily necessary to
support the platform by other means and disassemble
the cylinder head.
10.3.2 Three-Year Inspection and Test Requirements
10.3.2.1 Unexposed Portions of Pistons. Piston
rods of roped water hydraulic lifts shall be exposed,
thoroughly cleaned, and inspected for wear or corrosion.
The piston rods shall be replaced if at any place the
diameter is less than the root diameter of the threads.
10.4 Acceptance Inspections and Tests
Inspections and Tests Required. All new installations
shall be inspected and tested to determine their safety
and compliance with the applicable requirements of this
Standard before being placed in service. The inspections
and tests shall include routine (para. 10.2), periodic
(para. 10.3), and those specified in para. 10.4.l.
Installations on which alterations have been performed shall be inspected and tested as required by
para. 10.5 before being placed back in service.
10.33 Five-Year Inspection and Test Requirements
10.3.3.1 Platform Safeties. Types A, S, and C safeties, except those operating on wood guide rails and
their governors, shall be tested with rated load in the
platform. Test shall be made by tripping the governor
by hand at the rated speed. The following operational
conditions shall be checked:
(a) Type S safeties shall stop the platform with the
rated load within the required range of stopping devices
for which the governor is tripped.
(b) For Type A safeties and Type A safety parts of
Type C safeties, there shall be sufficient travel of the
safety rollers or dogs remaining after the test to bring the
platform and its rated load to rest on safety application at
governor tripping speed. A metal tag shall be attached
to the safety-releasing carrier in a permanent manner,
giving the date 6f the safety test together with the name
of the person or firm who performed the test.
10.4.1 General Requirements for Types A, B, and C
Safeties. The following requirements apply to the
acceptance tests of Types A, S, and C safeties.
10.4.1.1 Platform safeties shall be tested with
rated load in the platform. In making the test of platform
safeties, the load shall be centered on each quarter of
the platform floor symmetrically with respect to the
center lines of the platform floor. Counterweight safeties,
where provided, shall be tested with no load in the
platform.
10.4.1.2 The tripping speed of the governor shall
be measured by means of a tachometer.
10.3.3.2 Governors
10.4.1.3 If adjustments to the governor tripping
speed are made, the governor shall be sealed immediately following the test.
10.3.3.2.1 The tripping speed of the governor
and the speed at which the governor overspeed switch,
where provided, operates shall be tested to determine
conformance with the applicable requirements and the
adjustable means shall be sealed.
10.4.1.4 The operation of the governor overspeed
and the platform safety-mechanism switch shall be
tested to determine conformance.
SR
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ASME A1B.1-2005
SAFETY STANDARD FOR
PLATFORM LIFTS AND STAIRWAY CHAIRLIFTS
cause sufficient overspeed when the machine brake is
released to trip the governor jaws, shall be tested by
operating the platform at its normal speed in the down
direction and tripping governor jaws by hand.
10.4.1.5 After the safety has stopped the platform,
the level of the platform floor shall be checked to determine conformance.
10.4.2 Type A Governor-Operated Safeties. Type A
governor-operated safeties shall be tested by operating
the platform at its normal speed in the down direction
and tripping the governor jaws by hand. A test shall
also be made of the inertia application of the safety to
determine conformance by attaching the proper weight
to the return run of the governor rope. The manufacturer
shall inform the person making the test of the weight
necessary to be added to the governor rope when making the inertia application test. This weight shall be the
weight necessary to reproduce inertia operation of the
safety, at not more than 910 gravity. The inertia application test shall be made with the platform stationary, and
the weight when released shall move the safety parts
into contact with the rails. Inertia application of the
safety on Type A auxiliary safety plank of Type C safeties
is not required.
10.4.4.2 The overspeed switch on the governor
shall be inoperative during the overspeed test. In order
to assume that the safety will retard the platform with
minimum assistance from the driving machine and minimize the development of slack rope and fallback of the
counterweight, the switch on the platform operated by
the platform safety mechanism shall, for the duration
of the test, be temporarily adjusted to open as close as
possible to the position at which the platform safety
mechanism is in the fully applied position.
10.4.5 Normal Terminal Stopping Devices
10.4.5.1 The bottom normal terminal stopping
device shall be tested with 125% of rated load on the
platform for conformance.
10.4.5.2 The top normal terminal stopping device
shall be tested with no load on the platform for conformance.
10.4.2.1 If means other than inertia application of
the safety is provided, such means shall be tested in an
appropriate manner to ensure that the safety will apply
without appreciable delay under free-fall condition and
that safety application is independent of the location of
the break in the hoisting ropes.
10.4.6 Stop Ring. The plunger shall be inspected by
inching the platform up to verify that a stop ring has
been provided.
10.4.3 Type A Safeties Without Governors. Type A
safeties without governors, which are operated only as
a result of the breaking or slackening of the suspension
ropes, shall be tested by obtaining the necessary slack
rope to cause it to function.
10.4.7 Bottom Cylinder Clearance. The bottom cylinder clearance shall be checked to determine conformance.
10.4.8 Speed. The rated speed in the up direction
and the operating speed in the down direction shall be
verified.
10.4.4 Types Band C Safeties
10.4.4.1 Types Band C safeties shall be subjected
to an overspeed test, with the suspension ropes attached,
by gradually increasing the speed of the platform until
the governor causes application of the safety. Safeties of
lifts equipped with alternating current driving macrine
motors, where the platform with its rated load does not
10.5 Inspection and Test Requirements for Altered
Installations
Where any alteration is made, the entire installation
shall comply with the applicable sections 2 through 7
including para. 10.4, Acceptance Inspection and Tests.
S9
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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ISBN 0-7918-2959-6
9 780791 829592
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A14505
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME.
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