Trends and Roadmapping in AAL
The AALIANCE Roadmapp
Filippo Cavallo
El t i E
Electronic
Engineer
i
– PhD
Post Doctoral Researcher
ARTS Lab
S
Scuola
l S
Superiore
i
S
Sant'Anna
t'A
- Polo
P l S
Sant'Anna
t'A
Valdera
V ld
Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34
56025 Pontedera, Pisa - ITALY
http://www-arts.sssup.it
Phone: +39 050 883474
Fax: +39 050 883101
E-mail: f.cavallo@sssup.it
Outline

Background

AALIANCE project

Roadmap and trend



Main domains
E bli Technologies
Enabling
T h l i
Conclusions
Outline

Background

AALIANCE project

Roadmap and trend



Main domains
Enabling Technologies
Conclusions
Background

New European population projections has recently underlined that the number of
elderly persons will quickly increase*.

The fiscal impact of ageing will be substantial in almost all European Member
States through two main channels
channels**::


Pension (public expenditure increase up to 5% GDP)
Health care and long-term care (public expenditure increase up to 1.5% GDP)
* European population projections for 2008-2060, published by the European Office for Statistics.
** Report on the impact of ageing populations on public spending”, Council of the European Union, 2006.
Aging population scenario

A growing number of older people living alone and in
need of (intensive) care.

An ageing workforce.
workforce

A rapid growth in the number of persons with physical
disabilities.

More financially well-appointed and wealthy senior
citizens ready to enjoy their third age and to spend
money on products securing and enhancing wealth,
safety, security and not forgetting entertainment and
communications needs.
ICT-enabled assisted living
ICT-enabled assisted living and innovative technological developments can really
provide aims and improvements:

Quality of life, autonomy, participation in social life, skills and the employability
of older people.
people

Home assistance for
 Patients.
 Caregivers.

Domiciliary assistance for slowing down the course of the illness (not early
hospitalization).
p
)

Reduction of welfare costs (nursing home costs three time the domiciliary one).
Outline

Background

AALIANCE project

Roadmap and trend



Main domains
Enabling Technologies
Conclusions
AALIANCE Project
FACTS on AALIANCE - The European Ambient Assisted
Living Innovation Alliance
FP7 Coordination action (CA)
THEME ICT-1-7.1 ICT and Aging
Duration: 01/2008 – 12/2009
Partners: 14
Volume: 1.646.170
1 646 170 €
EC Contribution: 1.070.000 €
WP2 - Scuola Superiore Sant
Sant’Anna
Anna, Pisa
AAL Roadmap published
AAL Strategic Research Agenda
h //
http://www.aaliance.eu/public/documents/aaliance-roadmap/
li
/ bli /d
/ li
d
/
Partners
Outline

Background

AALIANCE project

Roadmap and trend



Main domains
Enabling Technologies
Conclusions
Ambient Assisted Living context

“Ambient Assisted Living” (AAL) denotes concepts, products and services that
interlink and improve new technologies and social systems, with the aim of
enhancing
h i the
th quality
lit off life
lif for
f all
ll people
l in
i all
ll stages
t
off their
th i lives.
li

AAL could be best translated as “intelligent
intelligent systems of a specific assistance for a
better and safer life in the home environment”.
More in AAL

Surrounding








Social activity
S i l Interaction
Social
I
i
Hobbies
Inclusion
Work ability
Mobility
Learning
Dependency from:






Habits
Life style
Needs
Pathologies
g
Evolution of illness
Psycho-Social conditions
Primary Stakeholders
Tertiary Stakeholders
-Users
U
-Caregivers
- Organization
O
i ti supplying
l i goods
d andd services
i
Users
Secondary Stakeholders
Quaternary Stakeholders
-Organization offering services
- Organization analyzing the economical and legal context of AAL
AAL domains and technologies

AAL application domains
•
•
•
@ home/mobile (person-centric)

Main functions and enabling
technologies

Sensing

Health rehabilitation,
Health,
rehabilitation care

Safety and security

New sensors

Activity management / cognitive support

Sensor networks

Autonomyy / physical
p y
support
pp

Person-centric services

@ community

Mobilityy

Social Inclusion

Entertainment and Leisure

@ work

Collaboration, cooperation

Presence/process awareness

Aware and ubiquitous workplaces

Reasoning

Ontologies

Event stream processing

Probabilistic reasoning
Acting

New actuators

Home robots and mechatronic devices
Interacting


Multimodal, natural, persuasive interfaces
C
Communicating
i i

New protocols and standards for
communication network
From Domotics to Ambient Intelligence (AmI) to Ambient Assisted Living (AAL): evolution
driven by technology convergence
• Digital CONVERGENCE in communications market (mobile + iDTV + Broadband Internet) enable UBIQUITOUS ACCESS
• CONVERGENCE in home and environment control technologies enable AWARENESS
• Distributed embedded intelligence (software agents)
• Open
O
standards
t d d for
f home
h
automation
t
ti (KNX,
(KNX UPnP,…)
UP P )
• Emerging standards for low-power
wireless communication (ZigBee, BT)
•
•
CONVERGENCE between AAL
technologies and Robotic
Technologies enable
UBIQUITOUS ROBOTICS FOR
AUTONOMY
NEW APPLICATIONS AND
SERVICES (tele-monitoring, care and -rehabilitation,
cognitive support to daily living,
…))
Tele-rehabilitation
eGov’t,
eCommerce
UbiRob-supported
cognitive autonomy
Tele-monitoring
Tele care
Tele-care
Biorobotics
Ubiquitous
robotics
Biorobotics for care,
h lth and
health
d autonomy
t
Tele-medicine
Aware Home technologies
distributed intelligence
g
Software
agents
smart home
Events stream
processing
Ambient
intelligence
BAN - Wearable sensing and
computing
multi-standard connectivity
Mobile
communication
Interactive DTV
Broadband
connectivity
Outline

Background

AALIANCE project

Roadmap and trends


Main domains

Enabling Technologies
Conclusions
The domains in AAL
AAL4Person
Ageing well (@home, @mobile)
PERSONAL AUTONOMY AND WELL-BEING
AAL in the Community
Ageing well in one’s social environment
PARTICIPATION
AAL@W k
AAL@Work
Ageing well in one’s working environment
ACTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE AGEING
AAL for persons
(at home, on the move)
Health, rehabilitation and care
Personal and home safety and security
P
Personal
l activity
i i management
Biorobotic systems and AAL
Person-centred services
AAL4persons: Health, Rehab, Care

Person-centered health management

Tele-monitoring and self-management of chronic diseases



Tele monitoring of health parameters – sensors and connectivity
Tele-monitoring
Wearable and implantable multisensor platforms – power management
Support for caregivers and care providers



Teleconsultation, from A/V to tele-presence + 3D A.R.
Vital data acquisition and transmission
Remote actuators
AAL4persons: Personal and home safety and security

Safety/security against external threats


Distributed sensor networks & service centres, self-configuration
Safety against falls and other accidents

Wearable and mixed environment/wearable sensors; integration vision + inertial +
localization (indoor/outdoor) + situation interpretation; implantable sensors,
integration with smart orthoses (new materials)
Personal activity management






sensors and systems for indoor localization and monitoring;
ontologies and user models - activity models for activity recognition and
monitoring and for cognitive support;
ubiquitous audio-video-data communication;
multi-channel
u t c a e stimulation;
st u at o ;
ubiquitous/pervasive sensing and computing + pervasive communication =
Internet of Things;
event streams processing and probabilistic reasoning.
reasoning
AAL4persons: Biorobotic systems and AAL
AAL4persons: Biorobotic systems and AAL
AAL4persons: Person-centred services


New generation technologies and technology enabled services for:
Shopping


Feeding




Remote shopping, “missing product” services, assisted shopping in the shop
environment (smart shopping cart and shelves, ...)
Smart cookers, lids and pots and pans, with sensors
Smart meal cooking and delivery services
Assisted feeding and drinking devices
Personal care



Self health management
Autonomous dressing/undressing
Personal hygiene + safety in the restroom
AAL in the communityy
Social inclusion
Entertainment and leisure
Mobility
AAL in the community: Social inclusion

Participation in the community life


Accessing
g information
Physical access to services and activities



increasing remote access to events and services;
developing local mobility networks of minibuses which move the elderly and disabled
from their homes to the location of services and events;
designing systems that move individuals autonomously to the desired location

Creativity, hobbies, sports

Cultural and experience exchange
AAL in the community: Entertainment and leisure

Commercial/Augmented thought-provoking games

Vi t l navigation
Virtual
i ti tests
t t andd exercises
i

Executive functions tests and exercises

Augmented toys

Interrealityy games
g

Augmented Reality games

T h l
Technology
convergence andd effect
ff t on researchh
AAL in the community: Entertainment and leisure
Cognitive
sciences
“Internet of things”
objects have a digital
identity and intelligence
Advanced
Computer games
Single function
Single-function
brain training
games
TODAY
TODAY
research
commercial
Interreality (Pervasive &
AR) Games
real-world objects into
the game
“ecological”
ecological games
embedding
Cognitive training
3R (Reality orientation,
Reminiscence, Remotivation),
Occupational Therapy
cognitive training and
assessment embedded (as a
game) in everyday life through
interreality
y
Mid/Long term
research
TODAY
research
AAL in the community: Mobility

Supporting pedestrian mobility; Public transport




Biorobotic systems for mobility support
4G mobile telephony,
telephony From satellite to ubiquitous (indoor and outdoor)
geolocalisation, Advanced web-based services and digital mapping, Near-field
communication and wireless sensor networks
use of web-based technologies to supply on-trip information in a variety of formats at
h
home,
t mobile
to
bil devices,
d i
in
i vehicles,
hi l att stations,
t ti
etc.
t
Ambient-Assisted Driving

Priority of vehicle-based autonomous systems:
ESP
(Electronic Stability Program);
blind-spot monitoring;
adaptive head lights;
obstacle & collision warning;

P i it off infrastructure-related
Priority
i f t t
l t d systems:
t
eCall;
extended
environmental information;
RTTI (Real-time Travel and Traffic Information);
dynamic traffic management;
local danger warning;
speed alert.
AAL at work
Workplace accessibility and comfort
Active support to work tasks
y and health @ work
Safety
AAL@work: Workplace accessibility and comfort

Active ergonomy: individual and shared workplaces are selfconfigurable,
g
, based on workers’ pphysical
y
and sensorial
characteristics and to their preferences

Dynamic, self-adapting and configuring HMI/HCI

Smart environments interacting with biorobotic support to mobility
(wheelchairs and beyond)
AAL@work: Active support to working tasks

Robotic co
co-workers
workers ->
> biorobotics 4 Autonomy/QoL

Task monitoring and cognitive support


Simpler than @home: working tasks are usually more structured than
everyday life tasks
Work planning support (smart agenda, integrated with AAL
environments and “dust” intelligence)
AAL@work: safety and health at work

Ubiquitous sensing + accurate models for safer worker-machine
interaction

Combined monitoring of physiological and environmental
parameters
t for
f health
h lth


In case of exposition to chemical agents
In case of chronic conditions or other risk factors (cardiopulmonary,
metabolic, musculo-skeletal)

Stress level
l l monitoring
i i andd proactive
i reduction
d i

AA d i i
AA-driving
Outline

Background

AALIANCE project

Roadmap and trends
 Main domains


Enabling Technologies
Conclusions
Enabling technologies and functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
htt //
http://www.aaliance.eu
li
Sensingg
Reasoning
Acting
Interacting
Communicating
Sensing (1)

In AAL applications, sensing is expected to take place in anything and anywhere:
in- or on-body, in- or on- appliances or in the environment (home, outdoors, in
vehicles public spaces,
vehicles,
spaces etc.).
etc ) In AAL it is better to refer to “smart
smart sensor
sensor”.
1) MEMS-based miniaturized and low-cost sensor.
2) DNA-sensors for measuring genetic diseases and/or genetically modified food.
3) Sensor communication systems based on advanced mobile communication protocols.
4) MEMS sensors for food and health care applications.
5) Miniaturized energy supplies for integration in self-contained sensors.
6) Lab-on-a-chip sensing (e. g. capillary separation and optical detection).
7) Motion-control and collision-avoidance (microwave sensors).
8) Ultra-small biosensors with implanted components in medical or other applications.
9) Biosensors for various applications.
10) MEMS devices based on polymer materials.
Sensing (2)
Short term (2013)
Mid term (2020)
Long term (2025)
Seensors
•Heartbeat
Heartbeat Detection – ultra
ultra-sensitive
sensitive accelerometers
•Non-invasive peripheral neural interfaces
•Internet-connected sensors and actuators – SODA, Mulle3
etc
•Universal Positioning – Galileo / GPS / MPS / WLAN /
UWB / signal
i l space trilateration
t il t ti
•Location technologies for in-door navigation
•Sensors for indoor localization
•Adaptive sensors and actuators
•Item identification – RFID (standalone, bracelet-worn),
NFC, BT, ShotCode
•Super low power sensors
•Sensors for human state detection
•Invasive
Invasive peripheral neural interfaces
•Non-invasive cortical interfaces
•Camera with object detection,
classification and recognition
•End-to-end, close-loop systems from
sensors, actuators
t t andd data
d t analysis
l i
•Biologically
Biologically human
inspired sensors
•Biologically inspired
sensor-actuator integration
Pro
ocessing
•Advanced signals and image processing for detection
•Algorithms for better signal filtering
•Advanced methods for position detection of persons;
•Video-motion analysis
•Video-motion prediction
•Context Acquisition
q
and Use
•Valid and reliable techniques for the specific physiological
signal;
•Advanced pattern recognition
•Sensor data aggregation and fusion from
different sensors
•Reliable classification of relevant
situations from sensor signals and context
information
Poweer
•Energy scavenging and management
•Endless power to mobile sensors,
actuators and processors
(wireless/battery)
Reasoning (1)

A core function of AAL systems is the conclusion of knowledge about the activities
of the user and the current situation in this environment from low-level sensor data
(d il activities
(daily
i i i and
d situations,
i i
emergency situations,
i i
user’s
’ mid-term
id
and
d long-term
l
behavior). Sensor fusion aspects.
Emergency situations:
E
i
i
1) Helplessness/lying on the floor
2) Indicators of falls
3) Motionlessness
4) Critical
C i i l values
l
i vital
in
i l parameters.
Activities of daily living:
1) Sleeping
2) Toilet
T il usage
3) Personal hygiene
4) Preparation of meals.
Psychosocial
P
h
i l behavior:
b h i
1) Going out
2) Meeting people
3) Communication.
Motion:
1)
2)
3)
Occupancy of rooms
Locomotion
Quality and quantity of motion.
Vital parameters:
1) Pulse rate
2) Respiration rate
3) Blood pressure
4) Body weight.
Reasoning (2)
Acting (1) - Rehabilitation


Mechatronic technologies for AAL, including operative robot, wearable robot for
rehabilitation and assistive purposes.
T h l i l changes:
Technological
h


Human musculoskeletal actuators (artificial muscles)
Models for control
Acting (2) – Robotic interaction

Neural Machine interfaces for actuating mechatronic devices




Invasive methods (cortex, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, etc…)
Non Invasive methods (needles, cuff in tissues, etc…)
Surface methods (EMG, EEG, etc…)
Technological changes:

Brain Computer Interface (BCI)
Acting (3) – Internet-connected sensor and actuators

The integration of sensors and the Internet presents some issues that can fully
exploit the capabilities of WSNs.
 Pervasive distribution of intelligence and sensing throughout the home
environment

Technological changes:

Internet of Things
Acting (4) – Robotic appliances

Personal robots are being investigated also as robotic appliances.
Acting (5) – Companion robot

Adaptive Robotic Servant in Intelligent Homes. Objectives in this application area
are identified as:










time saving in daily repetitive work;
having a companion and a servant/assistant;
personal
pe
so a robots
obots adaptat
adaptation
o to individual
d v dua needs;
eeds;
exercising robots;
medical support;
reaching
hi high
hi h acceptance
t
by
b inexperienced
i
i
d users;
24-hour service in household environments;
robots in environments dangerous to humans;
mobility;
incremental development of robots.
Interacting

Human beings and machines will be surrounded by intelligent interfaces supported
by computing and networking technology in everyday objects.
Timeline
Topic
2010-2015
Common generic interface standards. Toolkits. Living labs.
User initiative, adaptable interfaces
Local (touch) screen-based
Context-awareness of predefined factors
Standalone products (including mobile phones)
2015-2020
Mixed initiative,, self-adaptive
p
interfaces
Rich interaction through distributed objects. Gestures.
Learning
Products networked inside home
2020-2025
Avatar robots, brain-computer interfaces
Social + emotional awareness
Communicating (1)

In AAL System infrastructures are becoming pervasive, with an increasing number
of distributed devices that can communicate between themselves as well as with
centralized
li d services.
i
Network Context
Public area
D
Domotics
ti
Local or home
P
Personal
l or body
b d




Connectivity and protocols
Data Exchange
Understanding data
Dynamic composition of systems and services
Communicating (2)
Internet of Things
Service Era
2010 - 2030
Internet of People
Communication Era
1900 - 2010
Internet of Presence
Virtual Presence Era
2030 
Outline

Background

AALIANCE project

Roadmap and trends



Main domains
E bli Technologies
Enabling
T h l i
Concl sions
Conclusions
Conclusions

Necessity to:
 Cooperation
C
i
and
d synergies
i between
b
research
h organizations,
i i
end-user
d
organizations and industries for an excellent development of products and
services.
 Provide a framework for stakeholders, led by industry, in order to define
research and development priorities

Improve the collaboration within the AAL value chain in Europe
Reinforce the position of European providers of AAL solutions in a global
context

Work with
ith primary users: patients and caregivers
caregi ers to focus
foc s on real needs.
needs

Funds and investment for innovation.

Next step: a Strategic Research Agenda for AAL in Europe
Future Scenarios and
Products identification
Roadmapping enabling
technologies, products and
scenarios, identifying
challenges
SRA
EU policies and
strategic objectives
Prioritizing
challenges
A comprehensive action plan
g challenges
g in the
addressing
framework of the existing EU
instruments for Research and
Innovation support (FP7, AAL JP,
ICT PSP)
ICT-PSP)
End

Questions?
Filippo Cavallo
Electronic Engineer – PhD
Post Doctoral Researcher
ARTS Lab
Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
Sant Anna - Polo Sant
Sant'Anna
Anna Valdera
Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34
56025 Pontedera, Pisa - ITALY
http://www-arts.sssup.it
Phone: +39 050 883474
Fax: +39 050 883101
E-mail: f.cavallo@sssup.it
**************************************************************************