Technical Assistance Report
Project Number: 48902
Capacity Development Technical Assistance (CDTA)
May 2014
People’s Republic of China: Improving Clean Bus
Operations and Management
(Financed by the Global Environment Facility)
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third parties, except in connection with the performance of their official duties. Upon Board
The views ADB
expressed
hereinpublicly
are those
of the consultant
and do version
not necessarily
approval,
will make
available
an abbreviated
of this represent
report. those of ADB’s
members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
(as of 5 March 2014)
Currency unit
–
yuan (CNY)
CNY1.00
=
$ 0.1628
$1.00
=
CNY6.14
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB
ASTUD
CBL
CDMF
GEF
ITS
PRC
STI
TA
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Asian Development Bank
Asian Sustainable Transport and Urban Development
clean bus leasing
Clean Development Mechanism Fund
Global Environment Facility
information technology system
People’s Republic of China
Sustainable Transport Initiative
technical assistance
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION
Type
Targeting
classification
Sector
(subsectors)
Themes
(subthemes)
–
–
Capacity development technical assistance (CDTA)
General intervention
–
Climate change
Location (impact)
Partnership
–
–
–
Transport, and information and communication technology (urban
transport, road transport, transport management and policies)
Environmental sustainability (urban environmental improvement,
global and regional transboundary environmental concerns,
environmental policy and legislation); economic growth (widening
access to markets and economic opportunities; knowledge,
science, and technological capacities); social development (human
development, other vulnerable groups); capacity development
(institutional development; organizational development; client
relations, network, and partnership development)
Mitigation
Rural (low), urban (high), national (high)
Global Environment Facility
–
NOTE
In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.
Vice-President
Director General
Director
L. Venkatachalam, Private Sector and Cofinancing Operations
T. Freeland, Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD)
C. Engstrom, Financial Institutions Division, PSOD
Team leader
Team members
B. Huang, Investment Specialist, PSOD
B. Dunn, Senior Environment Specialist, Regional and Sustainable
Development Department (RSDD)
C. Gin, Principal Counsel, Office of the General Counsel
K. Sakamoto, Transport Economist, RSDD
G. Xiao, Senior Project Officer (Transport), East Asia Department
K. Zheng, Senior Investment Specialist, PSOD
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any
The views expressed
herein aretothose
of the consultant
not necessarily
those of ADB’s
designation
of or reference
a particular
territoryand
or do
geographic
arearepresent
in this document,
the
members,
Board of Directors,
Management,
staff,
andany
mayjudgments
be preliminary
in nature.
Asian
Development
Bank does
not intendorto
make
as to
the legal or other status
of any territory or area.
CONTENTS
Page
I.
INTRODUCTION
1
II.
ISSUES
1
III.
THE PROPOSED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
A.
Impact and Outcome
B.
Methodology and Key Activities
C.
Cost and Financing
D.
Implementation Arrangements
2
2
2
4
4
IV.
THE PRESIDENT'S RECOMMENDATION
5
APPENDIXES
1.
Design and Monitoring Framework
6
2.
Cost Estimates and Financing Plan
9
3.
Outline Terms of Reference for Consultants
10
I.
INTRODUCTION
1.
In Strategy 2020, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) identifies environmentally
sustainable growth, including infrastructure and climate change, as a top development and
operating priority.1 Consistent with the strategy, ADB’s Sustainable Transport Initiative (STI) is
refocusing transport operations on sustainability. In line with these initiatives, the ADB Board of
Directors approved the loan program for clean bus leasing (CBL) to provide an alternative
financing mechanism to accelerate the adoption of clean bus technology for public transport
operations in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). 2 In this context, a “clean bus” is a bus that
meets stringent emissions and energy-efficiency criteria, including buses running on cleaner fuel
such as compressed or liquefied natural gas, and biomethane; other energy-efficient and newenergy buses such as hybrid, battery-only electric, and fuel-cell electric buses; and buses that
meet the most advanced emission standards of Euro IV equivalent emissions or above.3 ADB is
providing term loans to private sector financial leasing companies (up to a limit of $100 million
per company and a total program limit of $275 million) for the specific purpose of leasing clean
buses to public transport operators under financial leasing arrangements. The program is
expected to finance the leasing of about 5,000 buses in at least 15 cities in the PRC by 2018,
with at least 30% of the public transport operators located in less-developed inland or western
provinces.
2.
During the preparation of the CBL program, extensive consultation involved
governments, bus leasing companies, and public transport operators in the PRC. This
consultation revealed strong potential demand for the leasing of clean buses, and the need for
technical assistance (TA) to ensure that the potential environmental, social, and economic
benefits are fully achieved by public transport operators, especially those in smaller cities in
less-developed inland or western provinces. The design and monitoring framework for the TA is
in Appendix 1.4
II.
ISSUES
3.
Recent rapid growth in urban population and incomes in the PRC have led to high car
ownership, congestion, and air pollution. Since 2006, the national and local governments have
made the promotion of public transport a strategic priority and increased efforts to provide
flexible, low-cost, efficient bus transport. Many cities have set ambitious targets for replacing
and adding to existing bus fleets, and some have provided subsidies to bus operators to partly
offset the high upfront capital costs of new vehicles. Local governments are promoting the
adoption of clean bus technology as a more sustainable alternative for public transport
operations. Recent severe air pollution events in northern PRC are adding greater urgency to
the replacement of older diesel bus fleets and adoption of clean bus technology.
4.
The CBL program will accelerate the deployment and diffusion of low emission and new
energy buses, and help counteract the shift to private cars in urban areas by making public
transport a more attractive alternative. However, buses will not necessarily be used in the most
efficient way or the potential emission reductions and modal shifts fully realized and sustained.
1
2
3
4
ADB. 2008. Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank, 2008–2020.
Manila.
ADB. 2012. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan Program to
the People’s Republic of China for Clean Bus Leasing. Manila.
The vehicle emission standards in the PRC are similar to the European emission standards, which define the
acceptable limits for exhaust emissions of new vehicles sold in EU member states.
The TA first appeared in the business opportunities section of ADB’s website on 16 April 2014.
2
International studies indicate that poor driving and inadequate maintenance of buses can
increase fuel consumption by an average of 10%–15%, and that poor selection of vehicle type
and poor management of bus operations erodes potential savings. This means that if clean
buses are not selected, managed, driven, and well maintained, then a significant amount of the
potential benefits will likely be lost.
5.
The TA will reinforce and enhance the impact of the CBL program by adding a focus on
efficient selection, operation, and management of clean buses operating in urban areas. The TA
is noted in the report and recommendation of the President for the CBL program (footnote 2),
contingent on availability of financing from the Global Environment Facility (GEF). GEF
financing was confirmed on 15 January 2014 as part of the Asian Sustainable Transport and
Urban Development (ASTUD) program. The ASTUD program, which is administered by ADB
and financed by the GEF, provides TA and investment support.
6.
The TA will support the development of sustainable transport in the PRC (para. 1). It is
fully in line with the priorities of ADB’s country partnership strategy, 2011–2015 for the PRC,5 in
particular, with the strategy’s emphasis on mainstreaming climate change considerations and
support for green finance. It supports finance sector development, one of the private sector
operating focuses identified in the strategy. The TA also supports implementation of the PRC's
Twelfth Five-Year Plan, 2011-2015, which accentuates resource conservation and
environmental protection, and prioritizes improving energy efficiency, reducing pollution
emissions, and developing cleaner and renewable energy.6
7.
The TA fully supports ADB’s STI, which focuses on creating accessible, safe, affordable,
and environment-friendly transport systems. According to the STI, ADB should focus on roles
where it can significantly add value to sustainable transport activities. To optimize its
contribution, ADB should design its operations to build on ADB-wide and international best
practices in sustainable transport and channel financing to projects and activities where ADB
involvement will result in increased sustainability. ADB assistance should help developing
member countries overcome sector obstacles to wider adoption of sustainable transport. Based
on these principles, urban transport is identified as an area in which ADB should scale up
support for sustainability.
III.
A.
THE PROPOSED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Impact and Outcome
8.
The impact of the TA will be that the environmental, social, and economic benefits of
adopting clean bus technology in the PRC are maximized. The outcome of the TA will be
improved selection, management, and operation of clean buses in the urban, suburban, and
intercity public transport markets.
B.
Methodology and Key Activities
9.
The TA components provide an integrated approach to supporting improved clean bus
selection, operation, management, and continual improvement.
5
6
ADB. 2012. Country Partnership Strategy: People’s Republic of China, 2011–2015. Manila.
Government of the People’s Republic of China, National Development and Reform Commission. 2011. Outline of
Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing.
3
10.
Output 1: Guidebook for selecting a clean and accessible bus developed. A
guidebook will be developed for selecting the right type of clean bus in terms of energy source
(e.g., compressed natural gas, hybrid, electric), bus size (e.g., articulated, standard, smaller),
and inclusive access design characteristics (e.g., low floor, wheelchair accessible, high-visibility
handrails) for the required operating conditions (e.g., bus rapid transit (BRT), feeder and general
services, different urban forms, congestion, terrain, climate). In this context, “right” means
achieving the joint goals of minimizing the energy intensity of bus operations, while maximizing
inclusive access to public transport and the number of passengers using public transport. The
guidebook will be based on detailed analysis of recent national and international research on
the in-service performance of different types of clean bus technology, and on existing guidance
materials, notably the Bus Rapid Transit Planning Guide.7
11.
Output 2: Knowledge materials for energy-efficient, inclusive, and competitive bus
operations developed. The component directly complements and extends output 1. It moves
the focus from selecting the right clean bus to operating that bus (and fleet of buses) in the most
effective way to achieve the dual goals of maximizing the energy efficiency of bus operations,
while maximizing the number of passengers using public transport. A series of practical
guidebooks, manuals, checklists, and training materials will be developed for implementing
actions aimed at: (i) reducing energy consumption emissions through improved bus driving,
maintenance, and fleet management; (ii) ensuring that public transport is a competitive
alternative to private vehicles by better matching bus services and access to the needs of the
travel market; and (iii) promoting safe, secure, and inclusive access to public transport through
inclusive access design features and training for drivers and conductors on the special needs of
women and vulnerable groups, such as the disabled and elderly. These management tools will
draw on international experience, available research findings, and the outcomes of GEF
research and projects; and will be specifically tailored to bus operating conditions experienced
in the PRC (allowing for regional differences) and to the needs of public transport operators in
the PRC.
12.
Output 3: Systems for energy-efficient bus operations supported. The TA will
support initiatives to embed the management tools developed in output 2 into bus company
information technology systems (ITSs). Effective use of these management tools requires up-todate and readily accessible data on operations about the day-to-day performance of the bus
system in terms of technical performance (e.g., fuel consumption, bus utilization) and
competitiveness (e.g., bus passengers, service coverage), as well as tools for data
management and analysis. Consultation undertaken for the CBL program found that many
public transport operators in the PRC are developing some form of computerized ITS to manage
finances and operations, or have plans to do so in the very near future. The component will
assist with expanding the capability of these bus management ITSs to include data
management, analytical, and decision support tools that underpin implementation of energyefficient, inclusive, and competitive bus operations. The systems will take data coming from onboard, ticketing, depots, and other sources, and convert it into management information (i.e.,
operations and patronage performance indicators). This will enable bus operations managers to
set and monitor appropriate energy-efficiency and patronage targets; set exception triggers; and
respond if particular buses, drivers, facilities, or routes are performing below expectations. In
particular, this component will (i) develop the functional specification for an ITS module that
integrates these tools into bus company ITSs; and (ii) design and implement a program of small
7
Wright, L. and Hook, W. 2007. Bus Rapid Transit Planning Guide. New York: Institute for Transportation and
Development Policy.
4
grants to bus companies (average around $50,000 for around 15 bus companies) to support the
incremental cost of implementing the module into their own ITS.
13.
Output 4: Clean bus performance monitoring program implemented. A program for
monitoring, analyzing, and reporting on the actual fuel and energy performance of as many as
possible of the buses leased under the CBL program will be developed. The results will be of
broad interest and substantial value for bus operators in the PRC and elsewhere in Asia and the
Pacific, and for researchers evaluating the actual performance of clean buses under different
operating conditions. The results will be broadly disseminated through professional and industry
media, and the information resources will be fed into the ADB–STI knowledge sharing network
and provided to the GEF (output 5). In addition, the results will be used to update the
guidebooks (outputs 1 and 2) and refine the information management tools (output 3).
14.
Output 5: Awareness, training, and knowledge-sharing program developed. To
maximize the impact of the CBL program and of the information resources and systems
developed by this TA, the component will be a focal point for coordinating and delivering
activities to develop awareness and visibility; offer initial training for some systems; and share
the knowledge within the PRC public transport subsector and bus industry. It will involve a
program of workshops; demonstrations and practical training sessions; a study tour to
familiarize key stakeholders with best practice selection and operation of clean buses; and
establishment of a knowledge-sharing network that interfaces with the PRC public transport
operators and more broadly though the ADB STI, the ASTUD, the GEF and other international
networks.
15.
Output 6: Project management. A small project management team comprising a
project coordinator and support staff will be established in the offices of the executing agency,
the PRC’s Clean Development Mechanism Fund (CDMF). The component will support the
incremental costs of management and coordination of project implementation, knowledge
sharing, monitoring and evaluation, and preparation of progress and financial reports.
C.
Cost and Financing
16.
The TA is estimated to cost $2,315,000, which will be financed on a grant basis by the
Global Environment Facility and administered by ADB. The cost estimates and financing plan
are provided in Appendix 2. The government will provide counterpart support in the form of
counterpart staff, office accommodation, office supplies, secretarial assistance, and other inkind contributions.
D.
Implementation Arrangements
17.
The CDMF will be the executing agency. It will establish a small project management
team to oversee the management and coordination of project activities, and maintain
information exchange with the government and the consultant teams. The CDMF has a key
climate change mitigation role in the PRC. It supports domestic climate change-related research
and TA programs, and leverages public and private financing to scale-up climate change
mitigation efforts. ADB was involved in establishing the CDMF and has provided TA to build the
capacity of CDMF staff.
18.
The TA is expected to be implemented from May 2014 to December 2016. It will require
national consulting inputs of 81 person-months and international consulting inputs of 16 personmonths. Outline terms of reference and details of the range of consultant skills required are
5
provided in Appendix 3. Consulting inputs will be required from both firms and individuals under
quality- and cost-based selection with a quality–cost ratio of 80:20. ADB will engage all
consultants in accordance with its Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended
from time to time). Equipment procured under the TA will follow the Procurement Guidelines
(2013, as amended from time to time) and the assets will be handed over to the CDMF upon TA
completion. Disbursements under the TA will be in accordance with ADB’s Technical Assistance
Disbursement Handbook (2010, as amended from time to time).
19.
The TA includes the establishment of a small grants scheme to provide grants of around
$50,000 to each selected bus company to support the integration of data management,
analytical, and decision support tools for energy-efficient, inclusive, and competitive bus
operations into their own ITS (output 3). The small grants scheme will be designed and
managed by the selected consultancy firm with a designated grant manager. The roles and
duties of the grant manager will include drawing up the approval criteria and legal agreements;
assessing the small grant application in collaboration with the CDMF; monitoring implementation
against criteria, milestones, and compliance requirements; and managing finances and
overseeing disbursement. The CDMF will play a supervisory role in the consultants’
management of the small grants scheme. It will approve all disbursements by the consultants to
the bus operators, and will ensure that the consultant maintains proper accounting records and
complies with sound financial management principles.8 Management of the small grants scheme
will follow ADB guidelines on financial management.
20.
The TA specifically includes mechanisms for disseminating the expected outputs and
outcome evaluation. Output 5 will establish knowledge-sharing networks with bus operators and
more broadly though the CBL program, ADB STI, the ASTUD, the GEF, and other international
networks. The consultants will manage the budgets for training and knowledge-sharing activities
using ADB guidelines on finance management and the terms of the consultancy contract.
IV.
THE PRESIDENT'S RECOMMENDATION
21.
The President recommends that the Board approve ADB administering technical
assistance not exceeding the equivalent of $2,315,000 to the People’s Republic of China to be
financed on a grant basis by the Global Environment Facility for Improving Clean Bus
Operations and Management.
8
Advance payments for the small grants will be provided to the consultants according to the terms of the
consultancy contract.
6
Appendix 1
DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK
Design Summary
Impact
The environmental,
social, and economic
benefits of adopting
clean bus technology
in the PRC are
maximized
Outcome
Improved selection,
management, and
operation of clean
buses in urban,
suburban, and
intercity public
transport markets
Outputs
1. Guidebook for
selecting a clean
and accessible
bus developed
Performance Targets and
Indicators with Baselines
Data Sources and
Reporting Mechanisms
GHG savings (1.31 million
tons per year by 2019)
projected for the CBL
program are achieved
CBL program progress
reports
A total of 15 bus
companies participating in
the CBL program adopt
improved processes for
selecting, managing, and
operating clean buses by
2016
CBL program progress
reports
Awareness of clean bus
management tools and
knowledge products in the
PRC public transport
market increased based
on survey results
Project progress reports
Criteria developed for
improved selection of
clean bus type
(technology, size, energy
source) and tested in two
to three cities by 2015
Consultant’s report
Project progress reports
Assumptions and
Risks
Assumptions
The PRC government
continues its strong
policy support for public
transport.
The central and local
governments continue
to provide support for
clean bus deployment.
Risks
Government lowers or
discontinues subsidies
for hybrid and electric
buses.
A sharp slowdown in
the PRC economy
impacts the growth of
the leasing industry.
Assumption
Energy efficiency, lifecycle costs, and
emissions are key
priorities for bus
companies in selecting
a bus type.
Risk
External factors drive
up the cost of some
types of clean buses
and price dominates
other decision factors.
Assumption
Consultants are able to
find relevant, accurate
data and information on
which to base the
guidebook
Guidebook and associated
online tools developed and
made available to bus
companies in the PRC by
2015
2. Knowledge
materials for
energy-efficient,
Guidebooks, manuals,
checklists, and training
materials developed for
Consultant’s report
Assumption
Consultants are able to
find relevant, accurate
data and information on
Appendix 1
Design Summary
inclusive, and
competitive bus
operations
developed
3. Systems for
energy-efficient
bus operations
supported
Performance Targets and
Indicators with Baselines
reducing energy
consumption and
emissions by 2015
Data Sources and
Reporting Mechanisms
Assumptions and
Risks
which to base the
knowledge materials
Supporting data
management, analytical
and decision support tools
integrated into bus
company ITSs by 2015
Small grants
disbursement reports
Project progress reports
Risk
Rate of adoption of bus
management ITSs by
small bus companies is
slower than expected.
4. Clean bus
performance
monitoring
program
implemented
Clean bus monitoring
programs become
operational by 2016
Technical reports, tools,
and other knowledge
products shared
Risk
Bus companies
unwilling to provide
information on bus
performance.
5. Awareness,
training, and
knowledge-sharing
program
developed
Four workshops held to
raise awareness on clean
bus technology and
energy-efficient, inclusive,
and competitive operations
by 2016
Workshop attendance
Study tour completion
report
Project progress reports
Assumption
Bus companies are
receptive to new ideas
and willing to share
knowledge and
experiences of clean
bus operation.
Study tour developed to
build awareness on best
practice clean bus
selection and operation by
2016
Knowledge-sharing
networks established with
the PRC bus industry, and
with ADB, the GEF, and
others by 2016
6. Project
management
7
Project management team
established and effective
by 2014
Project progress reports
Assumption
Candidates with
required expertise are
available
8
Appendix 1
Activities with Milestones
Inputs
Output 1
Global Environment Facility: $2.315 million
1.1 Consultants recruited by Q3 2014
Note: The government will provide counterpart
support in the form of counterpart staff, office
accommodation, office supplies, secretarial
assistance, and other in-kind contributions.
1.2 Research and consultations with bus operators
conducted
Output 2
2.1 Consultants recruited by Q3 2014
2.2 Research and consultations with bus operators
conducted
Output 3
3.1 Functional specification developed for
integrating supporting data management,
analytical and decision support tools into bus
company ITSs by 2015
3.2 Small grants scheme for integrating energyefficiency modules into bus company ITSs
established by 2015
3.3 Small grants disbursed to 15 bus operators by
2016
Output 4
4.1 Program for monitoring, analyzing, and
reporting on the actual fuel and energy
performance of clean buses developed by
2015
Output 5
5.1 Awareness and knowledge-sharing activities
started by the end of 2014
5.2 Package of materials for energy-efficient
operation of clean buses and supporting ITSs
developed by 2016
Output 6
6.1 Candidates for project management team
interviewed by Q2 2014
ADB = Asian Development Bank, CBL = clean bus leasing, GEF = Global Environment Facility, GHG = greenhouse gas,
ITS = information technology system, PRC = People’s Republic of China.
Source: Asian Development Bank.
Appendix 2
9
COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING PLAN
($'000)
Item
Amount
Global Environment Facility a
1. Consultants
a. Remuneration and per diem
i. International consultants
ii. National consultants
b. International and local travels
c. Reports and communications
2. Equipmentb
3. Training, seminars, and conferences
4. Surveys
5. Small grants scheme
6. Miscellaneous administration and support costsc
7. Contingencies
Total
323.0
686.4
68.0
41.0
17.0
275.0
10.0
750.0
42.0
102.6
2,315.0
Note: The technical assistance (TA) is estimated to cost $3.015 million of which contributions from the Global
Environment Facility are presented in the table above. The government will provide counterpart support in the form of
counterpart staff, office accommodation, office supplies, secretarial assistance, and other in-kind contributions. The
value of government contribution is estimated to account for 23% of the total TA cost.
a
Administered by the Asian Development Bank.
b
Computers and other office equipment to be procured will follow the Asian Development Bank’s Procurement
Guidelines (2013, as amended from time to time). The equipment purchased will be turned over to the executing
agency upon TA completion.
c
Expenses as permitted under the Asian Development Bank’s Technical Assistance Disbursement Handbook (2010,
as amended from time to time).
Source: Asian Development Bank estimates.
10
Appendix 3
OUTLINE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTS
1.
The technical assistance (TA) requires a range of consultancy inputs to implement
specific subprojects. Individual consultants will be retained for some activities, but where
activities would best be packaged and managed independently, consulting firms may be
retained.
A.
Output 1: Guidebook for Selecting a Clean and Accessible Bus Developed
2.
Bus technology and operations adviser (international, 3 person-months) and
research and data analyst, bus technology and operations specialist, and web designer
(national, 8 person-months). The consultants will perform the following:
(i)
Assemble and review the most recent national and international information
(published and unpublished) on the in-service fuel and emissions performance of
different types of clean bus technology and energy sources under a range of
operating conditions.
(ii)
Analyze the information to extract key findings on factors that affect in-service
performance under different operating conditions, including the impact of
maintenance and driving habits.
(iii)
Distil these findings into practical rules and recommendations that are
appropriate for use by bus operators as a practical decision support system in
selecting the best type of clean bus technology for their local conditions.
(iv)
Develop, test, and refine a clean bus guidebook that can be implemented in
printed and online format.
(v)
Prepare the guidebook in Mandarin in printed and online form for broad
dissemination to the bus industry of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
(vi)
Participate in knowledge-sharing and training activities under output 5.
3.
The international bus technology and operations adviser will preferably have a master’s
degree in mechanical engineering or a related field, a minimum of 15 years practical experience
in the bus industry; previous experience in the PRC; Mandarin language skills; broad practical
experience with a range of clean bus technologies; and established contacts with bus operators
in several countries, such as in Europe and/or South America.
4.
The national bus technology and operations adviser will preferably have a master’s
degree in mechanical engineering or a related field, a minimum of 10 years practical experience
in the PRC bus industry, broad practical experience with a range of clean bus technologies, and
established contacts with major bus operators in several provinces of the PRC.
5.
The national research and data analyst will preferably have a master’s degree in
mechanical engineering or other relevant field and a minimum of 8 years of relevant postuniversity experience; must be able to demonstrate strong research skills, and the ability to
consolidate, analyze, interpret, and document research results.
6.
The national web designer should have a degree in information technology or a related
field, and more than 5 years of experience in designing and establishing interactive web sites.
All national consultants should preferably have good spoken and written English language skills.
Appendix 3
11
B.
Output 2: Knowledge Materials for Energy-Efficient, Inclusive, and Competitive
Bus Operations Developed
7.
Bus management and operations specialist, transit planner (international,
9 person-months) and bus management specialist, bus operations specialist, transit
planner, social specialist, and editor (national, 28 person-months). The consultants will
perform the following:
(i)
Assemble and review recent national and international guidance materials on
energy-efficient, inclusive, and competitive bus operations.
(ii)
Identify two to three bus companies that are (a) participating in the clean bus
leasing (CBL) program, and (b) willing to participate as development and
demonstration sites for the materials to be developed under this output.
(iii)
Prepare a design concept for an integrated package of guidebooks, manuals,
checklists, and training materials.
(iv)
Prepare trial versions of the guidance and training materials, and test and refine
the materials in collaboration with the demonstration sites to maximize their
effectiveness, especially for smaller bus companies with limited technical
resources and previous exposure to these concepts.
(v)
Prepare high-quality final versions of the materials in Mandarin, in printed and
online form for broad dissemination to the PRC bus industry.
(vi)
Participate in knowledge-sharing and training activities under output 5.
8.
The international specialists will preferably have a master’s degree in engineering,
transport planning, or a related field; a minimum of 20 years practical experience in bus system
planning, management, and/or operations; previous experience in the PRC; and Mandarin
language skills. The national bus management, bus operations, and transit planning specialists
will preferably have a master’s degree in engineering, transport planning, or a related field; a
minimum of 10 years practical experience in the PRC bus system planning, management,
and/or operations; and established contacts with major bus operators in several provinces of the
PRC. The national social specialist will preferably have a master’s degree in social science or
other relevant field; a minimum of 8 years of relevant experience in assessing social
implications of transport projects in several provinces in the PRC; and prior experience with bus
transit projects. The national editor should have a degree in professional writing, journalism, or
other related field; and preferably more than 5 years of experience in designing and editing
professional training materials in Mandarin. All national consultants should preferably have good
spoken and written English language skills.
C.
Output 3: Systems for Energy-Efficient Bus Operations Supported
9.
Bus operations specialist (international, 1 person-month), financial specialist (grant
management) (international, 1 person-month), and bus operations specialist, financial
specialist, and systems analyst and software developer (national, 18 person-months). The
consultants will perform the following:
(i)
Identify up to 15 bus companies that (a) are participating in the CBL program;
(b) have or are in the process of implementing a bus management information
technology system (ITS); and (c) are willing to participate as development and
demonstration sites for the energy-efficiency modules to be supported under this
output.
(ii)
Review the specifications and capabilities of the bus management ITSs being
used or implemented by these bus companies, and generic bus management
systems currently available in the PRC.
12
Appendix 3
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
Review the guidebooks, manuals, checklists, and training materials prepared
under output 2, and in collaboration with the output 2 consultants and
participating bus companies, identify opportunities for integrating these tools into
an energy-efficiency module that links with the bus management ITSs.
Prepare the functional specifications for this energy-efficiency information
technology module and its integration with bus management ITSs—the functional
specification should provide sufficient detail to guide information technology
developers engaged by bus companies to implement the module and provide
consistency across bus companies in terms of core capabilities, but be
sufficiently general to be able to be implemented under a wide range of local
information technology environments.
Design proposed supporting systems for the small grants scheme. The fund is to
provide grants of around $50,000 per bus company to support the incremental
cost of implementing the energy-efficiency module into their own ITS (the design
should be developed in close collaboration with the execuring agency, and cover
eligibility criteria, performance targets, legal agreements, and financial
management and reporting requirements).
Manage the small grants application, screening, and selection process; and
monitor implementation progress in collaboration with the executing agency.
Manage financial aspects of the small grants scheme, including accounting and
disbursement of grants following the guidelines of the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) on financial management, and prepare financial reports as required by
ADB and the Global Environment Facility (GEF).
Participate in knowledge-sharing and training activities under output 5.
10.
The international bus operations specialist will preferably have a master’s degree in
engineering or a related field; a minimum of 15 years practical experience in the bus industry;
previous experience in the PRC; Mandarin language skills; broad international experience of
bus management ITSs; and established contacts with bus operators in several countries, e.g., in
Europe and/or South America. The international financial specialist (grant management) must
be a graduate of accounting, finance, or a related field; hold an internationally recognized
accounting certification; have previous experience in the PRC; and have a minimum of 12 years
of experience, including designing small grants schemes and operating procedures. The
national bus operations specialist will preferably have a master’s degree in engineering or a
related field, a minimum of 10 years practical experience in the PRC bus industry, broad
practical experience with ITSs currently used by bus companies in the PRC, and established
contacts with major bus operators in several provinces. The national systems analyst and
software developer should have a degree in information technology or other related field, and
more than 8 years of experience in the design and specification of ITSs for business
management. The national financial specialist must be a graduate of accounting, finance, or a
related field, hold an internationally recognized accounting certification, and have a minimum of
8 years of experience. All national consultants should preferably have good spoken and written
English language skills.
D.
Output 4: Clean Bus Performance Monitoring Program Implemented
11.
Bus operations and management specialist (international, 1 person-month), and bus
operations specialist, data analyst, and editor (national, 11 person-months). The consultants
will perform the following:
(i)
Develop an understanding of operating procedures and bus management ITSs of
bus companies participating in the CBL program.
Appendix 3
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
13
Design a fuel and energy consumption data collection system, consistent with the
systems and capabilities of bus companies participating in the CBL program (the
system should be integrated with the information management tools to be
developed and deployed under output 4, or be based on a simple survey and
data recording form that records bus technology and performance data already
collected by bus companies).
Design and establish databases for recording and analyzing bus performance
data.
Collate, conduct quality control, and record data provided by bus companies.
Analyze the in-service performance data to extract key performance indicators,
trends, and relationships.
Prepare interim and final reports summarizing the findings and make these
reports broadly available to the PRC bus industry and through knowledgesharing networks, such as the ADB–Sustainable Transport Initiative knowledgesharing network, the GEF, and Clean Air Asia.
Document and optimize the databases and make them broadly available in
standard formats to the sustainable transport and scientific community.
12.
The international bus operations and management specialist will preferably have a
master’s degree in mechanical engineering or a related field, a minimum of 15 years practical
experience in the bus industry, previous experience in the PRC, Mandarin language skills, and
broad practical experience with a range of clean bus technologies and factors affecting clean
bus performance. The national bus operations specialist will preferably have a master’s degree
in mechanical engineering or a related field, a minimum of 10 years practical experience in the
PRC bus industry, broad practical experience with a range of clean bus technologies, and
established contacts with major bus operators in several provinces of the PRC. The national
data analyst will preferably have a master’s degree in mechanical engineering or other relevant
field; a minimum of 8 years of relevant post-university experience; be able to demonstrate
strong research skills and the ability to design a data collection and database system; and
analyze, interpret, and document results from the bus performance monitoring program. The
national editor should have a degree in professional writing or other related field, and preferably
more than 5 years of experience in designing and editing professional publications in Mandarin.
All national consultants should preferably have good spoken and written English language skills.
E.
Output 5: Awareness, Training, and Knowledge-Sharing Program Developed
13.
Knowledge management adviser (international, 1 person-month) and knowledge
management specialist, and event management specialist (national, 6 person-months). The
consultants will perform the following:
(i)
Design and organize workshops at central locations in the north and south of the
PRC (two invited workshops) to raise awareness in city governments and the bus
industry of the CBL concept, the need for correct selection of clean buses, the
importance of energy-efficient bus operations, and the information management
and decision making tools to be developed under the TA.
(ii)
Design and organize follow-up workshops and associated training sessions to
launch and demonstrate management tools developed under outputs 1, 2, and 3;
and deliver practical training sessions on how to use the tools most effectively.
(iii)
Design and organize an international study tour to familiarize city representatives
of local finance bureaus responsible for clean bus subsidies, bus companies, and
financial leasing companies with best practice for clean bus selection, leasing,
and operation.
14
Appendix 3
(iv)
Design and implement a knowledge-sharing program linking with the PRC bus
industry, ADB, and Asian sustainable transport and urban development
knowledge-sharing networks, and more broadly with external partners, including
the GEF—this will include promoting energy-efficient clean bus operations and
the lessons and materials emerging from this TA through online networks
(including a web portal to be maintained by the executing agency), published
articles and papers, and bus industry forums.
14.
The international knowledge management adviser should preferably have a master’s
degree in a relevant academic field, more than 10 years of experience in designing and
implementing knowledge-sharing programs, and established international contacts with relevant
regional and global knowledge-sharing networks in the transport sector. The national knowledge
management specialist should preferably have a master’s degree in a relevant academic field;
more than 8 years of experience in designing and implementing knowledge-sharing programs in
the PRC; and established contacts with relevant industry and government knowledge-sharing
mechanisms and networks in the PRC, preferably including the bus industry. The event
management specialist should have a minimum of 5 years of practical experience in organizing
industry events and workshops in the PRC. All national consultants should preferably have good
spoken and written English language skills.
F.
Output 6: Project Management
15.
Project coordinator and administrative assistant (national, 10 person-months). The
consultants will perform the following:
(i)
Coordinate and monitor the project, establish project databases, and maintain
records.
(ii)
Prepare and update an overall work plan and budget in consultation with the TA
supervising unit.
(iii)
Facilitate linkages between the project and the wider activities of ADB, the
Government of the PRC, and the GEF.
(iv)
Facilitate engagement of external partners with the TA activities.
(v)
Help other subproject teams with coordination and liaison of activities.
(vi)
Coordinate activities between subprojects and any TA activities.
(vii)
Assist in engaging, managing, and evaluating consultants as required.
(viii) Organize and participate in meetings (e.g., steering committee), workshops, and
trainings.
(ix)
Review consultant outputs and make recommendations for action as necessary.
(x)
Prepare progress reports, briefing notes, correspondence, and other documents
that may be required by ADB, the GEF, and partners.
16.
The project coordinator should preferably have a master’s degree in business
management or other relevant academic field, more than 12 years of experience in project
and/or program management, strong coordination and facilitation skills, prior experience with
ADB procedures, and good spoken and written English language skills. The administrative
assistant will have a minimum of 3 years of experience in office management, preferably
experience in working with ADB procedures, and English language skills.