REALTA’
REALTA’ E POTENZIALITA’
POTENZIALITA’ DEL NANOTECH IN LOMBARDIA
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* ?B7DE + EL;C 8H; Alessandro Maiocchi – Bracco Imaging SpA
Centro Ricerche Bracco
Outline
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What is medical Imaging ?
Medical
imaging
refers
to
the
techniques
and
processes used to create images of the human body
(or parts thereof) for clinical purposes (medical
procedures
seeking to reveal, diagnose or examine
disease) or medical science (including the study of
normal anatomy and function).
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Examples of Medical Images and Devices
% Radiograph
Radiograph
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Tomography
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Examples of Medical Images and Devices
%
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Ultrasound &DJ;DI?JOE<KBJH7IED?9 * % P I?=D7B
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Examples of Medical Images and Devices
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Nuclear Medicine
Medicine &DJ;DI?JOE<"(dSke Xda_ 7 H7: ?EDK9B?: ;
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Positron Emission Tomography
PET
+ emitters ( 15O, 13N, 11C, 18F)
Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography
SPECT
emitters (99mTc, 123I, 111In)
Medical Imaging in the World
*XR ESCLUDE Barium & plain X-rays procedures
AMR/Arlington Medical Resources, Inc., The Imaging Market Guide, 2006
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The use of Contrast Agents in Medical Imaging
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The Contrast Agents market
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Current Contrast Agents: some examples
PET
MRI
X-Ray
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SPECT
US
Contrast Agents usage: some examples
Contrast Agents usage: some examples
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Medical Imaging Research vs. Medical Needs
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Strong focus on improvement of
Patient Management
Medical Imaging and Molecular Imaging
What is Molecular Imaging?
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The practice of Medical Imaging in the era of Molecular Medicine
Molecular imaging approaches
Intracellular
Accumulation
Enzimatic activity
Molecular targeting
Metabolic activity
Microtechnology and Ultrasound Imaging
http://www.toshiba-europe.com/Medical/Materials/Visions:
Magic Microbubbles
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CNN’s live-show on Microbubbles and Ultrasound Contrast Agent
Microtechnology and Ultrasound Imaging
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# Microtechnology and Ultrasound Imaging
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SonoVue™ kit
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Acoustic properties of soft-shell agents
• Bubble oscillates linearly at extremely low acoustic pressures.
• Bubble oscillates nonlinearly (higher harmonics) at slightly
higher acoustic pressures.
=> basis for contrast agent specific detection techniques!
Power spectrum of SonoVue™
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At high acoustic pressure, contrast agent microbubbles can be destroyed.
expansion
bubble in rest
destruction
disappearance
compression
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Bubble destruction may be used for local perfusion quantification, by
monitoring replenishment.
Microtechnology and Ultrasound Imaging
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Atherosclerotic plaques (CEUS )
Detection of vunerable plaques of carotid
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New microparticles platforms for Ultrasound
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Peptide Binder
Lipid
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New microparticles platforms for Ultrasound
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Echo III (Ctrl)
Echo III-BRU2248
Rabbit (VX2)
Rat (MatBIII)
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New microparticles platforms for Ultrasound
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Non-invasive and safe technique
Great spatial resolution (mm scale)
Outstanding diagnostic capability
MR sagittal image of human head
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Alternative platforms for MRI CA Design
Paramagnetic
Metal
Complexes
Iron oxide
nanoparticles
Polychelating
systems
MRI
Agents
Gd-loaded
nanotubes
LipoCEST
Superparamagnetic Particles for MRI
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Iron Oxides particles for MRI
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Iron Oxides particles for MRI
Iron Oxides particles for MRI: some examples
MRI image of liver
metastasis before the
adminitration of contrast
agent
Following infusion of
Endorem®, ( Guerbert, UK),
there is signal dropout in the
normal liver,
liver, with increased
definition of the metastasis
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Detection mechanism
Pre-contrast
Post-contrast
Self-assemlbled nanoparticles for MRI
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Self-assembled nanoparticles: paramagnetic SLN
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Imaging probe
Solid Matrix:
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Self-assemlbled nanoparticles: paramagnetic SLN
Zeta potential
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Size distribution
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Tumor targeting: Animal model
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Tumor targeting: example of Folate-(p)SLNs results
Pre
30 min post
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24 h post
Tumor targeting: complete study results
(p)NPs 0.05 mmol/kg
Folate-(p)NPs 0.05 mmol/kg
* p-value < 0.001
* p-value < 0.001
Conclusions
Sensitivity
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Specificity
Safety
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Thank you for your attention
Rembrandt – Lezione di anatomia del professor Nicola Tulp - 1632