ATMOSPHERE™
AIR PURIFIER
Technical Information Packet (TIP)
Rev 8
Australia, Brunei, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea,
Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, USA
1
CONTENTS
I.
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………..…3
II.
POTENTIAL AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS REDUCED......6
III. CLAIMS PLATFORM …………………………………………..8
IV. CLAIMS ABSTRACTS ………………………………………...10
V. CERTIFICATIONS AND APPROVALS ………………..….…94
VI. PATENTS ……………….…………………………….………...105
VII. TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS AND PAPERS ....……..…119
NOTES:
This document pertains to the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier that is produced in Malaysia
and is sold in Australia, Brunei, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New
Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, the United States.
This AtmosphereTM Air Purifier must be maintained according to manufacturer’s
instructions to ensure proper product performance.
The system’s particle and carbon filters must be replaced as recommended in the
Owner’s Manual. The contaminants or other substances removed or reduced by this air
treatment device are not necessarily in your air.
Created October, 2005
Edited January, 2010
Edited January, 2015
2
I. INTRODUCTION
This booklet describes the principles and performance claims of the AtmosphereTM Air
Purifier that is produced in Malaysia and is sold in Australia, Brunei, Hong Kong,
Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and the
USA.
This booklet outlines the test methods, test results and subsequent data for the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier pollution reduction performance. The purpose of this manual
is to deepen the reader’s understanding of how the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier works and
what benefits are obtained from its use.
Indoor Air pollution
The air we breathe indoors may be two to five times more polluted (source:
www.epa.gov 2014) than outdoor air. According to The World Health Organization
(WHO), 4.3 million people a year die from the exposure to household air pollution
(source: www.who.int, “The Global Household Air Pollution Database 2011(Version
3.0)”).
Most people assume that the walls of their buildings keep out harmful pollutants.
Unfortunately, these same walls can also trap pollutants inside. In recent years, the
drive to conserve energy has fueled the potential for increased indoor air pollution. By
sealing up homes to conserve energy, one reduces the exchange of outside air, thereby
trapping and concentrating the air pollutants inside.
Particles that become airborne are generated by various sources inside and outside of
the home. As an example, many living organisms generate particles for reproduction
such as pollens and mold spores. Also, human and animal skin generates particles
through shedding (commonly known as “dander”). Additionally, small creatures such as
dust mites generate waste particles. Many of these tiny particles can become
suspended in our indoor air through normal activities that are common within our
homes. Other sources of particles are man-made substances from sources such as
automobile exhaust, smoking, clothing/fabric and cooking, etc. Many of these particles
are allergens to sensitive individuals.
Viruses and bacteria can become airborne particulates in a form known as bio-aerosols.
These particles are typically generated by sneezing and coughing, but can also come
from other sources.
Radon is a naturally occurring gas that can generate particles through radioactive
decay. These decay particles are called radon progeny or radon by-products. These
particles are extremely small (0.01m – 1.0m) and are considered harmful, because
the radioactive particles can become lodged in the lungs. Radon is considered the
second leading cause of lung cancer (source: www.epa.gov/radon. 2015).
3
In addition to particles, odors are commonly found throughout the home. Typical odors
that one might encounter include those produced from smoking, foods and cooking, or
musty smells generated from molds, bacteria or pets. Many people perceive these types
of odors as unpleasant.
Formaldehyde is a contaminant that is frequently found in homes. It is emitted from
adhesives used in construction materials, such as plywood. It is also emitted from
combustion, such as gas stoves, and from permanent press coating on cloth. It can be
an irritant to eyes, nose and lungs in some people at low levels. In addition is has been
shown to cause asthma attacks. Formaldehyde has also been shown to be an animal
carcinogen.
Ozone is a gas that is a strong oxidizer and is considered harmful to human health even
at relatively low concentrations. It is produced by electrical discharges, specific
wavelength light and by photochemical reactions between sunlight and smog. The same
chemical properties that allow high concentrations of ozone to react with organic
material outside the body give it the ability to react with similar organic material that
makes up the body, and potentially cause harmful health consequences. When inhaled,
ozone can damage the lungs (see - "Ozone and Your Health" http://www.epa.gov/airnow/ozone-c.pdf ).
Relatively low amounts of ozone can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath,
eye irritation, and throat irritation. Ozone may also worsen chronic respiratory diseases
such as asthma and compromise the ability of the body to fight respiratory infections.
Dioxins and dibenzofurans are a group of compounds formed in some industrial
processes, and combustion, particularly from refuse incinerators. They are toxic and
are very stable in the environment. Dioxins and dibenzofurans also bioaccumulate,
which means that they become stored in the body, which may result in increasing
concentrations in the body with each exposure.
Reference: Visit the EPA Web site at www.epa.gov/iaq/ to find more information and
detailed answers to questions one may have on indoor air quality.
How the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier works
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a system that filters the air in a room and effectively
reduces potential indoor air pollution within that room. It works by cleaning the room air
to a point where the contaminant level stabilizes to a new reduced level. For example, in
a 3,104 cubic-foot (87.9 cubic meter) maximum room size, (390 square feet (36 square
meters) with an 8 foot (2.4 meter) ceiling, with one air exchange per hour, an 80%
reduction of particulates is reached in about 30 minutes using a clean air delivery rate of
250 cubic feet (7.1 cubic meters) per minute.
For particulates, this equilibrium point is dependent on various factors. Mainly, the size
of the room, the air exchange rate of the room, the generation rate of the particles in the
4
room (inside and outside sources), the rate of settling (natural decay rate) for the
particles within that room and the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of the air cleaner.
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier works by removing particles at a rate faster than they are
generated. The size of the room and the unit’s clean air delivery rate (CADR) are linked
in order to achieve an 80% or greater reduction of the particulate matter in that room.
This concept of CADR and room size will be described in further detail in Section IV.
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier’S airflow design works by taking low velocity air in at the
front of the unit. The air is passed through three stages of filtration where the potential
indoor air pollution is removed/reduced at the single-pass efficiency rate of the filters.
The air is then driven out the back and up vertically at high velocity. This low velocity in
front and high velocity out the back is an important design element that makes the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier quiet. The high velocity clean air is then returned to the room
where it mixes with the potentially contaminated air and dilutes it to a new cleaner state.
This process happens over and over again until the room is diluted to its cleanest state
and reaches equilibrium.
Real benefits can be realized by using the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier twenty-four (24)
hours a day, seven (7) days a week. Used this way, AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a
continuous source of cleaner air.
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier functions using three stages:
Stage one uses a pre-filter to remove large particles, which helps extend the life of the
main particle filter.
Stage two uses a better than HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) particle filter offering
a very effective means of trapping sub-micron particles. The benefit of this filter
technology is that it provides an extremely long life filter with high particulate removal,
low maintenance and doesn’t produce any harmful byproducts. The filter technology
also allows a high airflow, which reduces electrical consumption and noise.
Stage three uses a carbon filter which will reduce gas-phase odor molecules without
producing any harmful byproducts through the use of a special combination blend of
chemically impregnated activated coconut shell carbons. This carbon both adsorbs and
reacts with the molecules, trapping them as well as converting some of the molecules
into harmless salts, gases and water vapor. The filter also contains two (2) catalysts
that help destroy formaldehyde.
5
II. POTENTIAL AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS REDUCED
By the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
Allergen (7)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cat allergens
Cockroach allergens
Dog allergens
Dust Mite Antigen Der pl
Dust Mite Antigen Der fl
Latex
Silkworm fragments
Fungal Spore (15)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Cladosporium sphaerospermum
Absidia
Acremonium
Alternaria alternata
Aspergillus
Corn smut
Exophiala
Histoplasma capsulatum
Mucor plumbeus
Paecilomyces variotii
Penicillium chrysogenum
Pneumocystis carinii
Rhodoturula
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Stachybotrys chartarum
Pollen (27)
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Arizona cedar
Arizona cypress
Bald cypress
Birch
Cedar
Cypress
Dandelion
Desert ragweed
Elm
False ragweed
Giant ragweed
Goldenrod
Grass
Hazelnut
Hickory
Italian cypress
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Japanese cedar
Liquidambar (gum tree)
Mugwort
Mulberry
Nettles
Orchard grass
Paper mulberry
Pollen fragments
Ragweed
Short ragweed
Slender ragweed
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Bacillus subtilis spores
Bordetella pertussis
Chlamydia psittaci
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Francisella tularensis
Haemophilus influenzae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Bacteria (12)
Virus (17)
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Adenovirus
Coliphage MS2
Coronavirus (SARS)
Coxsackievirus
Hantaan virus
Influenza A
Influenza B
Influenza C
Measles virus
Mumps virus
Parvovirus B19
Reovirus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Rhinovirus
Rubella virus
Varicella-zoster virus
Variola (Smallpox)
6
Irritants and carcinogens (19)
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Dust
AC Fine Road Test Dust
Asbestos
Tobacco smoke
Radon decay products (4)
Formaldehyde
Dioxins (75)
Dibenzofurans (135)
Ozone
Ammonia
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Xylene
Benzene
Sulfur dioxide
TVOC (Mixture of benzene, toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, styrene)
Toluene
Nitrogen dioxide
Hydrogen sulfide
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
Note: Allergy UK recognizes 94 of the above listed contaminants, Toluene, Nitrogen
dioxide and Hydrogen sulfide were added after the Allergy Certification was granted.
7
III. CLAIMS PLATFORM
The following is a list of performance-related claims that have been substantiated for the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. Section IV will provide claims abstracts.
1. Room Air Cleaning: AHAM Certified clean air delivery rate (CADR) of 250 to clean rooms
up to 390 square feet (36.1 square meters) in size.
2. Particle Reduction
2.1. AtmosphereTM Air Purifier delivers single pass efficiency (SPE) performance
greater than 99.99% against the most penetrating particle size.
2.2. Better than HEPA rated particulate filtration at maximum speed
3. Reduces air borne bacteria, mold, viruses, fungi, dust mite antigens, and asbestos.
4. Reduces air borne radon decay products.
5. Chemical and Odor Reduction
5.1. Odor reductions for smoke, pet odors, and cooking smells.
5.2. Formaldehyde room reduction up to 90% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with
natural decay).
5.3. Ozone room reduction up to 100% in a 30m³ room within 20 minutes (with natural
decay).
5.4. Benzene room reduction up to 98% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with natural
decay).
5.5. Ammonia room reduction up to 90% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with natural
decay).
5.6. Toluene room reduction up to 96% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with natural
decay).
5.7. Acetic acid room reduction up to 95% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with
natural decay).
5.8. Xylene room reduction up to 99% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with natural
decay).
5.9. Acetaldehyde reduction up to 55% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with natural
decay).
5.10. Sulfur dioxide room reduction up to 98% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with
natural decay).
5.11. Total volatile organic compound (TVOC – a mixture of benzene, toluene, xylene,
butyl acetate, styrene, ethylbenzene, and undecane) room reduction greater than
99% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with natural decay).
5.12. Nitrogen dioxide room reduction up to 99% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with
natural decay).
5.13. Hydrogen sulfide room reduction up to 99% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with
natural decay).
5.14. Dioxin reduction up to 80%.
5.15. Dibenzofurans reduction up to 75%.
8
6. Sound
6.1. Low speed dB(A) will be lower than 30dB(A) sound pressure with effective
performance.
6.2. High speed dB(A) is an average of 55dB(A) sound pressure.
6.3. High speed noise lower than eight (8) sones with effective performance.
7. Odor filter life of up to one (1) year, depending on time of use and blower speed.
8. Particle filter life up to five (5) years, depending on time of use, blower speed, and dust
concentration.
9. Low power consumption with ENERGY STAR® Rating.
10. Reduces exposure to over 90 allergens, pollen, bacteria, viruses, irritants, and
carcinogens.
11. On average the carbon odor filter will have over 1.16 million square meters or 12.53
million square feet of surface area.
9
IV. CLAIMS ABSTRACTS
The accompanying abstracts for most claims are organized as follows:
1. Claim
2. Introduction
3. Test method
4. Results
5. Conclusions and Discussion
(Note: Some of the claims do not list a test method or discussion as it is self-explanatory.)
DEFINITIONS
>
- Greater than
<
- Less than
Activated carbon
- Activated carbon is a material that has a very high surface area
that has been created by treatment of charcoal in a furnace. The
charcoal is typically made from coal, coconut or wood.
Activation process
- The activation process is a slow chemical reaction with carbon in
a furnace that creates a large surface area on and within the
carbon that is capable of adsorbing contaminants. This process
increases the amount of surface area from just a few square
meters of area per gram of carbon, to 500 to 1,500 square meters
per gram.
AHAM
- The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers or AHAM
represents the manufacturers of household appliances and
products/services associated with household appliances sold in the
United States. AHAM also develops and maintains technical
standards for various appliances to provide uniform, repeatable
procedures for measuring specific product characteristics and
performance features. AHAM is an ANSI accredited Standards
Development Organization, and maintains several standards which
are approved by ANSI through the consensus approval process.
AHAM standards are also recognized by many regulatory agencies
including the United States Environmental Protection Agency and
the US Department of Energy. In addition to publishing standards,
AHAM also provides regular information and advocacy to members
before other standards development organizations such as
Underwriters Laboratories, the Canadian Standards Association,
ASTM, IEC and ISO. AHAM administers voluntary certification
programs to rate appliances developed by members and non10
members. Testing is conducted by third-party laboratories and,
upon certification, appliances may carry the AHAM seal.
Allergen
Allergy UK – British
Allergy Seal of
Approval
- Any of a growing list of contaminants that cause an allergic
reaction.
- Allergy UK is the operational name of The British Allergy
Foundation. The Seal of Approval endorsement was created in
order to provide people seeking advice, with the guidance that a
product specifically restricts, reduces, removes allergens from the
environment or has significantly reduced allergen content.
BET
- Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory aims to explain the
physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves
as the basis for an analysis technique for the measurement of the
specific surface area of a material.
CADR
- Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) indicates the volume of filtered
air delivered by an air cleaner. CADR also determines how well an
air cleaner reduces pollutants such as tobacco smoke, pollen and
dust. The higher the tobacco smoke, pollen and dust numbers, the
faster the unit filters the air.
Contaminant
- Is a pollutant in the environment which results in harmful effects of
such a nature as to endanger human health, harm living resources
and ecosystems.
ENERGY STAR®
- ENERGY STAR® is a register trademark owned by the United
States government and is used in connection with the US
Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of
Energy to promote energy efficient consumer products.
HEPA Filter Standard
- A HEPA filter is a type of air filter. "HEPA" is an acronym for "high
efficiency particulate air filter" (as defined by the United States
Department of Energy). This type of air filter can remove at least
99.97% of airborne particles 0.3 microns (µm) in diameter.
OSHA
- The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. Its
mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by
issuing and enforcing rules (called standards) for workplace safety
and health.
Particulate
- Also referred to as particulate matter (PM), aerosols or fine
particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas.
They range in size from less than 10 nanometers to more than 100
micrometers in diameter.
Single Pass Efficiency - Is an efficiency measurement related to the removal of particles
that are drawn into a filter or an air treatment system. Typically
expressed as a percentage, it is the ratio of the retained or
11
captured particles and the total number of particles drawn into the
filtration.
Sound Pressure
- The difference between the actual pressure at any point in the
field of a sound wave at any instant and the average pressure at
that point.
True HEPA
- See “HEPA Filter Standard” above.
Measurement term and Symbol or abbreviation of measurement
Attenuation
- A representation of a measured value that changes over time.
Attenuation is the percent of the initial value at a given time
duration from the initial measurement.
Cubic Meter /minute
- A volume of air measured per 1 minute of time (scmm, cmm, or
m3/m).
Cubic Feet /minute
- A volume of air measured per 1 minute of time (scfm, cfm, or
ft3/m).
Decibel
- The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit of measurement that
expresses the magnitude of a physical quantity relative to a
specified or implied reference level. Its logarithmic nature allows
very large or very small ratios to be represented by a convenient
number, in a similar manner to scientific notation. Being essentially
a ratio, it is a dimensionless unit. Decibels are useful for a wide
variety of measurements in acoustics, physics, electronics and
other disciplines.
Micron
- A micrometer (µm) is a unit of length equal to one millionth of a
meter, or equivalently, one thousandth of a millimeter. It can be
written in scientific notation as 1×10-6 m, meaning 1/1,000,000 m.
Micrograms
- A microgram (µg) is a unit of mass equal to one millionth of a
gram, or equivalently, one thousandth of a milligram. It can be
written in scientific notation as 1×10-6 g, meaning 1/1,000,000 g.
Sone
- A unit of perceived loudness. It is the subjective perception of
sound pressure. The sones scale was created to provide a linear
scale of loudness. A doubling of the sones value is perceived as
twice as loud.
Square Meter
- Square meter is a unit of area (m²). It is defined as the area of a
square whose sides measure exactly one meter.
Square Feet
- Square feet is a unit of area (ft²). It is defined as the area of a
square whose sides measure exactly one foot.
Watt
- The watt (W) is a unit of power, equal to one joule per second.
12
1. Room Air Cleaning: AHAM Certified clean air delivery rate
(CADR) of 250 to clean rooms up to 390 square feet (36.1 square
meters) in size.
Introduction
The most effective way of determining initial room cleaning performance of an air treatment
system is to subject the device to the AHAM/ANSI AC-1 test protocol for determining CADR
performance. CADR stands for Clean Air Delivery Rate and it relates to the amount of
particle free air an air treatment system can deliver in a minute of time. AHAM’s Clean Air
Delivery Rate is widely accepted as a valid measure for comparing the performance of
portable air cleaners and has been reviewed and referenced by the US Federal Trade
Commission and the US Environmental Protection Agency. AHAM’s AC-1 test protocol was
designed to test initial room cleaner performance against three contaminants; tobacco
smoke, Air Cleaner (AC) fine test dust and paper mulberry pollen, which span the distribution
of airborne contaminants from 0.1 microns to 11 microns in size. These contaminants are
used to challenge air cleaners in three discrete tests; one for each contaminant in a room
size chamber of 1008 cubic feet, the size of a small bedroom. The value of this room test
method is that it mimics real life taking into account every aspect of initial room cleaning
performance such as airflow, filter fractional efficiency, filter seals, and air path.
The method is known as the ANSI/AHAM AC-1-2006 entitled “American National Standard
Method for Measuring Performance of Portable Household Electric Cord-Connected Room
Air Cleaners”. The CADR test values for the Atmosphere Air Purifier are validated every two
years to remain in the AHAM Air Cleaner Certification program.
Test Method
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was placed in a specially designed, sealed and characterized
1008-cubic-foot room (Fig. 1). The room is equipped with measurement equipment that
monitors total particle concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 microns in size for tobacco smoke, 0.5 to
3.0 microns for dust and 5.0 to 11 microns for pollen. The test is valid for CADR ranges of 10
to 400 for dust, 10 to 450 for smoke and 25 to 450 for pollen. A controlled release of the
selected contaminant is injected into the room and monitored over time to determine the
natural decay rate, which is then repeated with the air treatment system operating on
maximum speed. The difference between these decay rates determines the air treatment
system performance. Tests using smoke, dust, and pollen submitted samples determined
the CADR rating of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier.
13
Figure 1
A H A M A IR C L E A N E R C E R T IF IC A T IO N C H A M B E R S C H E M A T IC
(O )
(N )
(Q )
(P )
(R )
(S )
(T )
(L)
(M )
(K )
(J)
(F )
(G )
(E )
(H )
(I)
(D )
(C )
(B )
(A )
(A ) V O LT A G E R E G U LA T O R
(B ) D A T A A C Q U IS IT IO N A N D
C O N T R O L IN T E R F A C E
(C ) A IR S U P P L Y (F ILTE R /D R IE R )
(D ) C O M P U T E R T E R M IN A L
(E ) C IG A R E T T E S M O K E P O T
(F ) P O LLE N G E N E R A T O R
(G ) D U S T A N D P O LLE N
M O N IT O R
(H ) S M O K E M O N IT O R
( I ) C IG A R E T T E S M O K E D ILU TE R
(J)
(K )
(L)
(M )
(N )
(O )
(P )
(Q )
(R )
(S )
(T )
DUST GENERATOR
T E S T U N IT
C E ILIN G M IXIN G F A N
R E T U R N A IR D A M P E R (2)
R E C IR C U LA TIO N F A N
H U M ID IF IE R
P R E F ILT E R
B LO W E R S E C T IO N
H E P A F ILT E R
E LE C T R IC H E A T E R
S U P P LY A IR D A M P E R
Results
In February 2005 the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was certified by AHAM for a CADR 250 for
Smoke, Dust and Pollen and qualified for room sizes up to 390 square feet (reference Table
1).
Table 1
Maximum Allowable Certified Rating
Brand
Atmosphere
Model
101076
Dust
250
SMOKE POLLEN ROOM SIZE
250
250
390
Since then the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has been recertified or validated in 2006, 2008,
2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014.
Table 2 contains the results from the 2013 testing at Intertek on the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
followed by their conclusions.
14
Table 2
Test
Natural Decay
CADR
Particulate
Rate
Smoke
0.00251
239.4
101076 #1 Turbo Speed
Dust
0.01115
249.2
Pollen
0.10113
282.0
Smoke
0.00225
234.0
101076 #2 Turbo Speed
Dust
0.00837
248.8
Pollen
0.10335
277.6
Smoke
0.00241
228.7
101076 #3 Turbo Speed
Dust
0.00825
245.5
Pollen
0.09708
292.8
Model/Configuration
CADR
STDEV.
0.9
2.5
17.2
1.0
1.8
20.1
0.8
3.4
15.8
Power
(Watts)
41.6
41.3
41.9
40.8
40.7
41.1
41.2
41.4
4.0
Conclusions from Intertek
The results reported above fall within the minimum and maximum limits of measurability of the
ANSI/AHAM AC-1-2006 "Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers Method for Measuring
Performance of Portable Household Electric Room Air Cleaners" Test Method.”
Conclusions
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier continues to be AHAM certified with a 250 CADR and be
effective in room sizes up to 390 square feet.
Reference: Visit the Web site at www.cadr.org or www.aham.com to find information and
answers to specific CADR-related questions.
Discussion
CADR translates into how well an air cleaner can reduce levels of contamination in a room.
This section will provide the reader a clearer picture of how the CADR translates into room
performance for a specific room size. In this section there are two graphs generated from a
computer model showing the room performance curve of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier,
based on its CADR value. The computer model has the ability to predict the performance of
air treatment systems using various room conditions. The two primary conditions picked for
this demonstration are a continuous source (Graph 1) and a single event source (Graph 2) of
contamination.
The continuous source of contamination is defined as a room balanced with as much
contamination coming into the room as is falling out of the air due to the natural decay of the
particles. The continuous source is determine by one air change per hour (infiltration rate of
52 CFM), a natural decay rate for smoke particles of 0.003, a mixing factor of 100%, a room
size of 390 square feet and/or a room volume of 3120 cubic feet, and an outdoor
concentration of 118% of the indoor or in room concentration.
As can be seen in Graph 1, the concentration in the room remains at 100% if no air treatment
system is present. With the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier operating on speed 5, the room
reaches equilibrium, having removed 80% of the contamination in about 50 minutes.
15
The single event is defined as a sealed room with no outside influence and has had a onetime particle causing event. The conditions include a natural decay rate for smoke of 0.003,
mixing factor of 100%, room size of 390 square feet and/or a room volume of 3120 cubic feet,
an outdoor concentration of 0, and 0 air changes per hour (infiltration rate of 0 CFM).
As can be seen in Graph 2, the concentration in the room falls approximately 14% in 50
minutes without an air treatment system because there is no additional influence of
contamination from outside the room. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier along with the natural
decay virtually cleans the room in 50 minutes.
Graph 1
16
Graph 2
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
17
2. Particle Reduction
2.1: AtmosphereTM Air Purifier delivers single pass efficiency
performance greater than 99.99% against the most penetrating particle
size.
2.2: Better than HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) rated particulate
filtration at maximum speed.
Introduction
Fractional or Single Pass efficiency (SPE) of an air treatment system is a primary component
of air treatment system performance but only a component and is different than room
cleaning performance. It is important to understand that the room cleaning performance of
an air treatment system encompasses the entirety of the air treatment system and what it can
deliver in a room and is made up of three basic components; the airflow, the SPE and the
ability of the air treatment system to mix the air in the room. The combination of these
components is referred to as room cleaning performance and can be determined by AHAM’s
AC-1 test protocol for Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR). SPE is defined as the ratio of influent
and effluent particles or particles that are drawn into the air treatment system with those that
by pass the filtration and are driven back into the room. SPE is an important component in
air treatment system performance because not only does it reveal removal efficiency it can
also indicate the most penetrating particle size, both important factors of air treatment
performance. The SPE of the system is a result of several factors; the media selected, the
modification of the media into a filter, the interaction of the filter and the air treatment system
housing, the airflow, and the size of the contaminate. Any or all of these factors can
significantly affect the SPE performance of an air treatment system and ultimately affect room
cleaning performance.
Advertised SPE ratings of air treatment systems can be very confusing and misleading.
Some manufacturers will test at lower airflow rates or with particles that are large and easy to
capture or will list only the media or filter efficiency and leave the consumer to assume that
the media or the filter SPE is equal to the system SPE. The purpose of this document is to
identify test parameters such as airflow rate, particle size and removal rate, and to
demonstrate HEPA or better (99.97%) removal performance in the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier.
Studies to evaluate the single pass efficiency of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier were done at
an independent laboratory and were performed in triplicate to determine analytical
reproducibility against a wide range of particle sizes and at airflow rates that the system can
deliver.
Test Method
The test method employed by Interbasic Resources Inc. or IBR, an independent laboratory, is
entitled Initial Fractional Retention Efficiency per EN1822-5 (2009) using latex microspheres
as the contaminant. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was set up in the middle of a duct work
system so that selected particles could be injected and monitored both upstream and
18
downstream of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was turned on
and the airflow of the ductwork system is balanced to match the airflow of the system under
test. The specific size particles are injected upstream of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier and
stabilized at appropriate values, measured upstream in the duct work and then downstream
of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. The upstream count minus the downstream particle count
divided by upstream particle count then multiplied by 100 determines the system single-pass
particle removal efficiency expressed as a percentage.
Three filter samples were tested for SPE in a single AtmosphereTM Air Purifier 101076CH unit
at both maximum (250 CFM) and low (50 CFM) speeds against latex microspheres with
particle sizes ranging from 0.009 to 1.000 microns using the TSI CPC, model 37720 particle
counter and TSI electrostatic classifier model 3080.
Results
The results of the three samples on both minimum and maximum speeds against the particle
sizes of 0.009 to 1.0 micron can be seen graphically in Graph 1 or in the IBR test report at the
end of this document. The data points in this graph were modified so that they could be
visually represented. The particle sizes represented are the average values of the instrument
particle bins. The reported efficiency ratings are truncated to the 3rd place. Several of the
99.999% values recorded between 0.150 and 1.0 are really greater than 99.999%.
As can be seen below in Graph 1, the most penetrating particle size is between 0.047 and
0.097 microns and that the minimum efficiency for any of the three units tested was 99.995%
at a maximum speed of 250 CFM. The minimum value for the three units at the most
penetrating particle for low speed (speed 1 - 50 CFM) was 99.997%. As expected, the worst
case condition is maximum speed. Because the removal rates of speeds 1 and 5 were so
close in value, testing for speeds 2, 3 and 4 are unnecessary.
The percent reduction (% Reduction) scale on the graph was intentionally chosen to
represent between 99.950% and 100.000% and a data point added to visually demonstrate
that as a system the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can deliver better than true HEPA
performance. The hurdle for a HEPA claim is 99.97% single pass efficiency at 0.3 microns,
at this particle size all three of the tested AtmosphereTM Air Purifier delivered greater than
99.999% removal efficiency.
Conclusions
The criteria for the claim was a greater than 99.99% removal of particles sized from 0.009
microns and larger and as can be seen in Graph 1. AtmosphereTM Air Purifier accomplishes
this claim with a minimum single pass efficiency of greater than 99.995% at the most
penetrating particle size.
At the classic HEPA 0.3 microns particle size, AtmosphereTM Air Purifier delivered greater
than 99.999% removal demonstrating that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can deliver better
than true HEPA performance.
19
The minimum single pass removal efficiency for speed 5 (maximum speed 250 CFM, 7.08
CMM or 424.8 CMH) is 99.995% at the most penetrating particle size of 0.057 to 0.097
microns.
The minimum single pass removal efficiency for speed 1 (maximum speed 50 CFM, 1.42
CMM or 85 CMH) is 99.997% at the most penetrating particle size of 0.047 to 0.057 microns.
Graph 1
Atmosphere 101076 System
Fractional Efficiency Results
100.000%
99.995%
99.990%
% Reduction
99.985%
99.980%
HEPA Standard, 99.970%
99.975%
99.970%
99.965%
99.960%
99.955%
99.950%
0.001
101076CH with Filter #4 Speed 5
101076CH with Filter #7 Speed 5
101076CH with Filter #10 Speed 5
101076CH with Filter #4 Speed 1
101076CH with Filter #7 Speed 1
101076CH with Filter #10 Speed 1
0.01
0.1
1
Particle Diameter in Microns
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
20
21
3. Reduces air borne allergens, bacteria, fungal spores, viruses,
and asbestos.
Introduction
There are many particle contaminants that can be in the air we breathe. Viruses, bacteria,
dust mite allergen, animal dander and fungi are found everywhere, but are most plentiful in
poorly ventilated buildings, improperly maintained air ducts, air conditioners, humidifiers,
dehumidifiers, and contaminated water appliances. Fungi (mold) are universally present in
homes but may grow significantly if there are sources of high humidity.
Test Method
The test method employed by Interbasic Resources Inc. or IBR, an independent laboratory, is
entitled Initial Fractional Retention Efficiency per EN1822 using KCl (potassium chloride) and
latex microspheres as the contaminants. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was set up in the
middle of a duct work system so that selected particles could be injected and monitored both
upstream and downstream of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
was turned on and the airflow of the ductwork system was balanced to match the airflow of
the system under test. The specific size particles were injected upstream of the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier and stabilized at appropriate values then measured downstream of
the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. The upstream count minus the downstream total divided by
upstream count then multiplied by 100 determines the system single-pass particle removal
efficiency expressed as a percentage.
Each of the three (3) units was subjected to two (2) single pass tests for high (250 CFM or
7.1 cubic meters/minute (CMM)) and low (50 CFM or 1.42 CMM) speeds for medium size
particles (KCl 0.05 to > 1.0 microns using the PMS LPC 0710 particle counter. Once the
worst case condition was found a third test was run at the worst case speed. In this case, the
test parameters were high speed (250 CFM or 7.1 CMM) and 0.009 to 0.097 microns for
small size particles (latex microspheres) using the GRIMM UPC 5.402 particle counter.
The data from the particle reduction studies was used to predict the reduction rate for a
number of other particles. This work was done by a professor at The Penn State University,
located in Pennsylvania. He has become a recognized expert at reducing airborne microbes
and particles by filtration. He has authored dozens of technical papers on the filtration of
microbes and has worked in this field since 1995. The professor has also become a
consultant to the US government on how to protect buildings from biological and chemical
attack, using the proper filtration and building design. In addition, he has written a book on
protecting buildings from biological and chemical attack.
Results
The following tables show the results of the Penn State computer models for the various
particles. The tables show the log-normal diameter in microns and the single pass percent
reduction.
22
Allergen
Cat allergens
Cockroach allergens
Dog allergens
Dust Mite Antigens Der pl & Der fl
Latex
Silkworm fragments
Log-normal
diameter
(microns)
2.5
3
2.7
18.71
2.5
8.66
Predicted
Percent Removal
on Speed 5
100
100
100
100
100
100
Bacteria
Bacillus subtilis spores
Bordetella pertussis
Chlamydophila psittaci
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Francisella tularensis
Haemophilus influenzae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Log-normal
diameter
(microns)
1.1
0.245
0.286
0.698
0.2
0.285
0.671
0.52
0.637
0.494
0.866
0.707
Predicted
Percent Removal
on Speed 5
100
99.999473
99.999883
100
99.997642
99.999894
100
100
100
100
100
100
Fungal Spores
Cladosporium sphaerospermum
Absidia
Acremonium
Alternaria alternata
Aspergillus
Corn smut
Exophiala
Histoplasma capsulatum
Mucor plumbeus
Paecilomyces variotii
Penicillium chrysogenum
Pneumocystis carinii
Rhodoturula
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Stachybotrys chartarum
Log-normal
diameter
(microns)
3.46
3.536
2.449
11.225
3.354
17.32
1.41
2.236
7.071
2.828
3.46
2
13.856
8
5.623
Predicted
Percent Removal
on Speed 5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
23
Pollen
Arizona cedar
Arizona cypress
Bald cypress
Birch
Cedar
Cypress
Dandelion
Desert ragweed
Elm
False ragweed
Giant ragweed
Goldenrod
Grass
Hazelnut
Hickory
Italian cypress
Japanese cedar
Liquidambar (gum tree)
Mugwort
Mulberry
Nettles
Orchard grass
Paper mulberry
Pollen fragments
Ragweed
Short ragweed
Slender ragweed
Mineral
Asbestos – Chrysolite fibers
Log-normal
diameter
(microns)
10
10
10
25
27
27
34
17.32
28
17.32
17.32
24
52
25
26
10
10
6
10
17
13
17.32
17.32
8.66
17.32
17.32
17.32
Predicted
Percent Removal
on Speed 5
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Log-normal
diameter
(microns)
0.100
Predicted
Percent Removal
on Turbo Speed
99.999973
24
Virus
Adenovirus
Coliphage MS2
Coronavirus (SARS)
Coxsackievirus
Hantaan virus
Influenza A, B and C virus
Measles virus
Mumps virus
Parvovirus B19
Reovirus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Rhinovirus
Rubella virus
Varicella-zoster virus
Variola (Smallpox)
Log-normal
diameter
(microns)
0.079
0.024
0.11
0.027
0.096
0.098
0.058
0.164
0.022
0.075
0.19
0.023
0.061
0.173
0.224
Predicted
Percent Removal
on Speed 5
99.994657
99.999477
99.991533
99.999430
99.992593
99.992385
99.993772
99.994394
99.999512
99.995259
99.996872
99.999496
99.997066
99.995347
99.998890
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
25
4. Reduces air borne radon decay products.
Introduction
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is present in many homes. Radon is
produced as a natural breakdown product from uranium and radium in the soil. As a gas, it is
readily able to be pulled into the home through cracks or holes in the foundation and walls, or
by escape from ground water where it readily dissolves from the soil. Outdoors the
concentration of radon is heavily diluted but it can become concentrated in the home and
potentially reach dangerous levels.
Primary radon and radon decay product (RDP) testing was conducted at the Grand Junction
Technical Measurements Center of the US Department of Energy in Colorado using both
automated and manual scintillation analysis methods. It should be noted that the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier does not change radon gas levels in a room but significantly
reduces the resulting RDP concentrations. It is ideal to immediately reduce (mitigate) RDP
exposure if a home radon test measures greater than 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/l) or 0.02
working level (WL), until you can put long-term remedies into effect.
Radon gas is relatively harmless since it has a radioactive half-life of about four (4) days.
Consequently, it is possible to breathe in radon gas and have very little decay while it is in the
lungs. However, radon gas decays into solid particles and these particles may be inhaled
and deposit in the lungs. These particles are the right size to be readily deposited into the
lung during normal breathing. Deposition of the radioactive particles, called radon decay
products, in the lungs permits radioactive decay near sensitive tissue that can be damaged.
Radon decay products are generally attached to larger particles in the range of 0.01 um to
1.0 micron and are elementally known as 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi, and 214Po.
Even following primary mitigation procedures, it is very beneficial to even further reduce the
exposure to radon decay particles. Test results for the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier show that it
is effective in reducing the level of radon decay particles.
Claims for the reduction of the concentration of radon decay products have been made for
each of the air cleaner products produced by Amway – Access Business Group. Prior claims
were the result of direct testing of products and filters within radon chambers at US
Government testing facilities such as Mound Research Center (Dayton, OH); Grand Junction
Technical Measurements Center (GJTMC) (Grand Junction, CO); and Environmental
Monitoring Laboratory (New York, NY). Due to changes as a direct result from 9/11 access
to governmental chambers for commercial purposes, particularly those requiring large outlays
of personnel and equipment, is no longer permitted.
The claims presented are a result of application of a documented room model for the
determination of theoretical radon and radon decay product concentrations. Models have
been and are used on a regular basis by the USEPA, USDOE, AHAM, ASTM and other
recognized authorities and organizations to determine contaminant concentrations on a
mass-balance basis. The modifications made to the model for these RDP claims results in
reported reductions that are on the extremely conservative side.
26
If you are interested in more information on radon and radon decay products visit the EPA or
WHO website at http://www.epa.gov/radon/ or www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/env/radon/en/.
Test Method
Tests were originally conducted at the Grand Junction Technical Measurements Center in
Colorado operated by the US Department of Energy. Calibrations were conducted at the
Environmental Monitoring Laboratory in New York. Testing was performed on the Advanced
Air Treatment System with data obtained for initial (before operation) and final (during
continuous operation) atmospheres. All tests were conducted utilizing steady-state
environments in the chambers, that is, the environment was under continuous stable
conditions. The chamber was operated in flow-through mode using 0.5 ACH (air changes per
hour) with continuous influent particle generation, but recirculated radon with HEPA filtration
in the recirculation loop to prevent re-entrainment of radon decay particles in the recirculation
loop. Continuous radon and working level monitors were utilized in addition to side-by-side
duplicates of five matching data sets for each monitoring point (five data sets were obtained
from the initial condition and five data sets from the final condition). Averaged results from the
five matching data sets were utilized for result data values. Three product sets and three
filter sets were tested. Tests were conducted at moderate elevated radon concentration in
order to provide statistically acceptable results for radon decay products for the “during
continuous operation” monitoring points.
Large well-regulated radon chambers are not available in the private sector due to calibration,
grab sample and instrument reference commitments, and government chambers have either
been taken off-line or converted for military and Department of Homeland Defense initiatives.
Due to the removal characteristics of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier product exceeding those
of the Advanced Air Treatment System and prior air treatment system products, it was
deemed acceptable to model the expected results for AtmosphereTM Air Purifier from the data
set obtained from testing of the Advanced Air Treatment System. Modeling was conducted
through the use of differential equation regression mathematical models for the determination
of the concentration of radon decay products (RDP) under various room conditions in indoor
air. All modeled results were determined in 387 square foot rooms with eight (8) foot ceilings
using the superior removal characteristics of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. Room conditions,
the particle concentrations and air exchange rates, were set to those utilized in the GJTMC
chamber with the exception of room volume and back-ground deposition rate. Where any
potential conflict in actual parameters was anticipated any estimates in room parameters
were chosen to provide a deleterious effect on the product claims in order to be as
conservative as possible. Consequently, the values reported are considered to be more
conservative than those expected during actual product use.
27
Fig. 1. Radon and Radon Decay Particle Model System

Description of test method (room model):
The model takes into account the room parameters including the continuous presence of
radon, infiltration and exfiltration air exchange rates, natural (settling/attachment) decay of
the particles, radioactive decay of each radioactive species in the radon decay chain,
enhanced deposition of infiltrating particles at the boundary layer, and the AtmosphereTM
Air Purifier particle removal rate (from AHAM AC-1 Test Method (smoke)).
In order to be conservative, the particle deposition rate has been maintained the same
throughout the model even though it is expected that the actual deposition rates will
increase as the number of available condensation nuclei particle becomes exceedingly
small following use of the air cleaner.
28
o Conservative design parameters:
 Constant particle natural decay even in low particle count scenarios.
 Decay particles are considered as airborne.
 Low particle count state utilizes actual (measured) concentration value from
measurements for final steady state.
 The infiltration RDP concentration is maintained at the initial room value.
The value is adjusted by a measured deposition factor due to increases in
particle deposition rates with lower particle counts. The concentration
deposition rate value is maintained even though significant Brownian motion
deposition occurs while passing in close proximity to surfaces in cracks or
crevices as the air infiltrates. Consequently, with the exception of the
extremely low particle scenario, the air cleaner will actually perform better
than is indicated.
A very conservative modification was made to the model. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can
be expected to reduce the concentration in the stated room by 80% on a steady-state basis
when the room has an air exchange rate (ACH) of 1.0 ACH as is typically used for an AHAM
room size claim. In the model case, the radiation chamber airflows were set to the standard
chamber value of 0.5 ACH, employing this value, which is also closer to newer homes, an
actual removal steady-state value of 87.3% is obtained. The modification made to the model
does not use the full 87.3% steady-state removal but instead uses a conservative 85%
steady-state removal value. Consequently, the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier will actually
perform better than is indicated.
The model combined decay re-entrainment, particle settling, and differential deposition of
particle distribution into a single particle decay rate (natural decay). Standard radioactive
decay rates for each species were utilized. Actual test data from the GJTMC chamber were
utilized to check the model.
Radioactive concentrations for all species were calculated based on atoms of each species
present with conversions to picocurie per liter (pCi/l) concentration in the final step only.
Infiltration concentrations were estimated as entering at the deposition factor of the steadystate condition. Actual concentrations would be severely limited due to the close surface
boundary layer with cracks. Consequently, the concentrations are overestimated. Working
level calculations employed standard equations. The radioactive species were considered to
be airborne and not deposited on static surfaces throughout the room. The calculations were
performed in the same units as prior claims in order to provide ease of comparison.
Results
The operation of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier product within a room containing radon and
radon decay products has been modeled to indicate the expected removal characteristics that
would be exhibited in actual rooms. The room model is an advanced model and has been used
in prior development programs. The percentages of removal, while still conservative, are
slightly greater than prior air treatment systems and indicate that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
product is excellent at the removal of radon decay products as indicated in the details. The
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier product does not remove radon gas.
29

AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has been shown to reduce airborne Radon Decay Products.

AtmosphereTM Air Purifier reduces airborne Radium A (218Po – Pollonium-218) by 25-26%.
Radium A (218Po) is the first radioactive decay particle produced in the Radon decay
chain.

AtmosphereTM Air Purifier reduces airborne Radium B (214Pb – Lead-214) by 74-79%.
Radium B (214Pb) is the second radioactive decay particle produced in the Radon decay
chain.

AtmosphereTM Air Purifier reduces airborne Radium C (214Bi – Bismuth-214) and C’(214Po
– Polonium-214) by 86-93%. Radium C (214Bi) and C’(214Po) combine to form the third
and fourth radioactive decay particles produced in the Radon decay chain.

AtmosphereTM Air Purifier reduces the radon decay byproduct “working level” (WL) by 7275%. (Working level (WL) is a measure of exposure to alpha-emitting radiation particles.)
Additional information on radon reduction is available by consulting the references listed in
the Appendix.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
30
5. Chemical and Odor Reduction
5.1: Odor reductions for smoke, pet odors, and cooking smells.
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter which contains a proprietary blend of three
(3) different activated carbons which are the same ones that were used in the US-produced
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. One of the primary purposes of the filter is to adsorb and
chemisorb household odors.
Because the media remains essentially unchanged, the results from testing the US-produced
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier apply directly to this claim for the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. Panel
testing was used to determine if the filter can reduce or eliminate some household odors. In
order to make such a claim, large portions of the panelists needed to claim that the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier reduces or eliminates a number of household odors.
Test Method
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was panel tested in the United States (29 panelists), Japan,
Korea and Malaysia (20 panelists each). The panelists were periodically queried regarding
the appearance, functionality, and performance of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. Among
those queries was a question regarding the performance of the purifier in terms of the
reduction of various household odors over a six (6) month usage period.
Results
Table 1 shows the percent of panelists who said that the system reduced or eliminated some
specific odors.
Table 1
Percent of Panelists Claiming Reduced or Eliminated Odors
Initial
1 month
Garlic
15%
43%
Chili
13%
29%
Curry
15%
44%
Fish/fish Smoke
25%
56%
Meat/Meat Smoke
32%
50%
Oil (frying) Smoke
36%
58%
Other Cooking Odors
40%
59%
Stale/Musty Odors
37%
52%
Cigarette Smoke (while
24%
46%
smoking)
Cigarette Smoke (after
23%
47%
smoking)
Pet Odors
25%
35%
Household Cleaners
31%
43%
2 months
32%
40%
37%
57%
56%
66%
70%
52%
54%
6 months
35%
35%
52%
61%
61%
61%
68%
78%
68%
56%
85%
46%
58%
61%
90%
31
Conclusion
A high percentage of the panelists reported that the USA-produced AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
was effective in reducing a number of various odors. This conclusion is also appropriate for
Malaysia-produced AtmosphereTM Air Purifier because it uses the same base technology and
its chemical performance results are all the same or better than USA-produced
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
32
5.2: Formaldehyde room reduction up to 90% in a 30m³ room within 60
minutes (with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing formaldehyde
from the air. Formaldehyde is colorless and has a characteristic pungent odor that is
irritating. It is a volatile compound that is emitted by construction materials, particularly
particle board and plywood. It is also emitted by tobacco smoke, forest fires, automobile
exhaust, gas stoves, and kerosene heaters. Most homes have low levels of formaldehyde but
typically higher concentrations are found in new construction. There are a number of
regulations and guidelines in place on the amount of formaldehyde that can be released by
construction materials that have lowered the concentrations found in homes. Formaldehyde
is an irritant to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs.
Test Method
The contaminant was generated by pumping a 10,000 ppm solution of formaldehyde through
an HPLC pump and aerosolizing it into the test room. The contaminant was monitored by the
Nicolet IGS 26 meter FTIR. The test room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room”
located in Research and Development. The room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or
1100 cubic feet and is designed so that it is very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The
room is sealed and has an extremely low exchange rate. The test room was conditioned to
50% relative humidity for all tests. Since carbon has great capacity for adsorbing water, the
filter was also conditioned with 50% relative humidity air moving through it for at
approximately 16 hours. The temperature of the room was also conditioned at 70°F prior to
the start of the test. No extra heating or humidity was allowed during the test.
The test consists of two basic parts, contaminant injection while monitoring the room without
an air treatment system running and then follow with the air treatment system running on
maximum speed. Target contaminant level was 5 ppm. Once reached the generator was
turned off and the room allowed to stabilize for approximately 10 minutes. After this, the
concentration was monitored for 60 minutes to determine a natural decay for formaldehyde.
Following this natural decay portion the unit was activated on maximum speed (5) and the
concentration monitored over time. The test was repeated for three separate filters.
Results
As can be seen in Graph 1 the average results of the three tests show that the AtmosphereTM
Air Purifier does have significant impact on the contaminant formaldehyde in the 1100 cubic
foot test room.
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction, the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As seen in Graph 2, the total decay (unit removal and natural decay) average is
approximately 85% after one hour and 92% after two hours. The natural decay accounts for
almost 7% of the reduction after one hour. The natural decay test was limited to one hour.
33
Graph 1
Graph 2
34
A fourth unit was sent to Tsinghua University for testing in their 30m3 chamber against the
China National Standard GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner for the room removal of formaldehyde.
The method is very similar to that used in Amway’s laboratory but the room size,
concentration, and monitoring equipment are different. The concentration of the room was
approximately 1 mg/m3 at test start.
As seen in Graph 3, the results showed an approximately 90% total room decay after one
hour and 94% total decay after two hours. This is similar to the results from the Amway
laboratory. The natural decay results was an approximate 2.7% value after one hour and
6.3% after two hours.
Graph 3
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce formaldehyde in the
air of a room. Using the Tsinghua results, the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier shows a 90% total
(with natural decay) room reduction in one hour (approximately 87% attributed to
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone). The Amway laboratory results are slightly lower with an
average 85% total (with natural decay) room reduction in one hour with approximately 78%
attributed to AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
35
5.3: Ozone room reduction up to 100% in a 30m³ room within 20 minutes
(with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of removing ozone from the
air. Ozone is a strong oxidizing gas and can be both good and bad depending on its location.
In the stratosphere ozone is good and protects life on Earth from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet
rays. In the troposphere, or at ground level, ozone is considered harmful not only to human
health but pets and plants too, even at relatively low concentrations. According to the United
States Environmental Protection Agency “Breathing ozone can trigger a variety of health
issues including chest pain, coughing, throat irritation, and congestion. It can also worsen
bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Ground level ozone also can reduce lung function and
inflame the linings of the lungs. Repeated exposure may permanently scar lung tissue.”
The World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline (AQG) for ozone is a daily maximum 8hour mean of 100 µg/m3 (50 ppb). According to the WHO this value provides adequate
protection of public health though some health effects may occur below this level. Exposure
to this level of ozone is associated with an estimated 1 to 2% increase in daily mortality.
Time-series studies indicate an increase in daily mortality in the range of 0.3 to 0.5% for
every 10 μg/m3 increment in 8-hour ozone concentrations above an estimated baseline level
of 70 μg/m3.
Ozone can be produced by electrical discharges as well as photochemical reactions between
sunlight and smog. The odor threshold for ozone is approximately 10 to 30 ppb. It is a strong
irritant to mucous membranes such as the eyes, nose, and lungs. Various agencies around
the world have issued recommendations and regulations for exposure to ozone. Some of
them are shown below:
Concentration
50 ppb
75 ppb
100 ppb
Agency
World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline (AQG)
US EPA National Ambient air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
OSHA US Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Test Method
Two methods were employed to evaluate the ozone reducing performance of the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier in a room. The first was a continuous feed test and the second a
single event test. The difference between the two tests relates to the presentation of the
contaminant (ozone) to the air treatment system. The continuous feed follows the format
devised by Product Development in the documentation of AtmosphereTM Air Purifier ozone
reduction in January of 2006. In this method the contaminant generator was placed in a
room with no air treatment and set to a specific feed rate and monitored over time. The test
is repeated with an air treatment system in the room where both the generator and air
treatment system are activated at the same time. The results of both tests are then
compared and a total room reduction over time is calculated.
The new method is a single event, much like an AHAM CADR test where a certain level of
contaminant (ozone) is injected into a room. Once the desired level is obtained then the
36
contaminant generator is turned off and the air treatment system is turned on. The
concentration is monitored over time to determine room total removal performance.
Continuous Feed Test Method
The ozone was generated by the Air-Zone, Ozone Air Purifier, Model XT 800, with a
production range of 40-800 mg of ozone per hour, operating in the 50% duty cycle. The
ozone was analyzed by the series C16 PortaSens II Gas Detector with the ozone sensor
module 00-1008 with a measurement range of 0 to 5000 ppb and a resolution of 10 ppb. The
instrument was scaled for a full scale reading of 2000 ppb to increase the display resolution.
The test room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room” located in Research and
Development. The room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or 1100 cubic feet and is
designed so that it is very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The room is sealed and has
an extremely low exchange rate.
The generator uses a corona discharge to generate the ozone which is impacted by humidity
level so the room was conditioned to 50% relative humidity for all tests. Since carbon has
great capacity for adsorbing water, the filter was also conditioned with 50% relative humidity
air moving through it for at approximately 16 hours. The temperature of the room was also
conditioned at 70OF prior to the start of the test. No heating or humidity control was allowed
during the test.
The test has two sections; injection of contaminant into the room and monitored without the
air treatment system running. The ozone feed rate was determined to be approximately 680
ppb/hour and the test was run for 180 minutes. Once the blank room was characterized then
the room was brought back to clean or 0 ppm concentration. At this point, both the ozone
generator and the air treatment system are activated (air treatment on maximum speed) at
the test start and the concentration monitored over time. The test was repeated three times
on three separate filters to determine analytical reproducibility.
Results for Continuous Feed Testing
Graph 1 shows the concentration of ozone in the room over a 180 minute time period with
and without the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. Over a series of three tests the concentration in
the room without the air treatment system ranged from about 1500 ppb to 1600 ppb at the
end of the time period which is 15 to 16 times the limits for a work place environment in the
US.
With the unit running, the total removal performance for ozone in the room was 97% to 98%.
37
Graph 1
Single Event Test Method
The ozone was generated by the Air-Zone, Ozone Air Purifier, Model XT 800 with a
production range of 40-800 mg of ozone per hour operating in the 50% duty cycle. The
ozone was analyzed by the series C16 PortaSens II Gas Detector with the ozone sensor
module 00-1008. The instrument has a measurement range of 0 to 5000 ppb and a
resolution of 10 ppb. The instrument was scaled for a full scale reading of 2000 ppb to
increase the display resolution.
The test room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room” located in Research and
Development. The room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or 1100 cubic feet and is
designed so that it is very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The room is sealed and has
an extremely low exchange rate.
The generator uses a corona discharge to generate the ozone which is impacted by humidity
level so the room was conditioned to 50% relative humidity for all tests. Since carbon has
great capacity for adsorbing water, the filter was also conditioned with 50% relative humidity
air moving through it for at approximately 16 hours. The temperature of the room was also
conditioned at 70OF prior to the start of the test. No heating or humidity control was allowed
during the test.
In the first portion of the test, the concentration of the room was monitored without the air
treatment system running. Ozone was generated until the concentration of the room was
between 1000 and 2000 ppb. The generator was turned off and the room allowed to stabilize
for approximately 10 minutes, after this the concentration was monitored for 60 minutes to
38
determine a natural decay for ozone. Following this natural decay portion, the unit was
activated on maximum speed (5) and the concentration monitored over time. The test was
repeated three times on three separate filters to determine analytical reproducibility.
Results for Single Event Testing
As can be seen in Graph 2 the results of the three tests show that the ozone is totally
removed from the room between 16 and 18 minutes.
Graph 2
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce ozone in the air of a
room with 100% total (with natural decay) room reduction in less than 20 minutes
(approximately 92% attributed to AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone).
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
39
5.4: Benzene room reduction up to 98% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes
(with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing benzene from
the air. Benzene is colorless, sweet smelling and has many sources, including natural
releases from volcanos and forest fires. The largest source of benzene in the environment
comes from automotive exhaust and petroleum products. In home sources of benzene are
tobacco smoke, building materials such as paints, cleaning products, adhesives, and
petroleum products.
No specific guideline values have been developed for air. Benzene is toxic and can cause
drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, headache and loss of consciousness.
Test Method
A unit was sent to Tsinghua University for testing in their 30m3 chamber against the China
National Standard GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner for the room removal of benzene. The
GB/T18801-2008 procedure is as follows: Air cleaner is placed in the middle of the test room
and tested to ensure that it is operational then turned off, monitoring equipment intake is
separated by significant space from the inlet and outlet of the air cleaner, temperature and
humidity are controlled 25 +/- 2 degrees C and 50 +/- 10% relative humidity, contaminant is
injected into the test room until concentration of the room reaches approximately 1 mg/m3,
mixing fans are employed for 10 minutes to homogenously mix the room air with the injected
contaminant, mixing fans are deactivated and the concentration is monitored over time to
determine the natural decay. The above is repeated for the total decay test with the unit
being activated on maximum speed after the room mixing has been accomplished.
Results
As seen in Graph 1 the Tsinghua University results show that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
operating on maximum speed (5) has excellent initial performance against benzene.
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction, the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As seen in Graph 2, with the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier operating on maximum speed (5) the
results showed a 98.9% total room decay after one hour (total length of test). The natural
decay was also only tested for one hour and it represents an approximate 2.1% of the one
hour total room reduction value.
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce benzene in the air
of a room with 98.9% total (with natural decay) room reduction (96.8% attributed to
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone).
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
40
Graph 1
Graph 2
41
5.5: Ammonia room reduction up to 90% in a 30m³ room within 60
minutes (with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing ammonia from
the air. Ammonia (NH3) is a colorless gas with a sharp smell that is both caustic and
hazardous. It is widely used in foods, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, as a refrigerant, and in
cleaning products. It is produced naturally as part of the decay process and secreted in the
waste of mammals. In-home sources of ammonia include household cleaners, waxes,
smelling salts, body odors and pet waste. Ammonia is a strong irritant to the eyes, nose,
throat, and lungs and can cause headaches, and nausea.
Test Method
Two methods were employed to evaluate the ammonia reducing performance of the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier in a room. The first was a continuous feed test and the second a
single event test. The difference between the two tests relates to the presentation of the
contaminant (ammonia) to the air treatment system. The continuous feed follows the format
devised by Product Development in the documentation of ammonia reduction during the
development of AtmosphereTM Air Purifier in 2005. In this method, the contaminant was fed
at a specific rate into a test room with no air treatment and monitored for 60 minutes. The air
treatment system is then activated on maximum speed with the generator continuing to inject
the contaminant into the room at the same feed rate. The results of the tests with and without
air treatment are then compared and a total room reduction over time is calculated.
The new method is a single event much like an AHAM CADR test where a certain level of
contaminant (ammonia) is injected into a room. Once the desired level is obtained then
contaminant generator is turned off and the room air totally mixed. When the air is mixed it is
monitored over time (60 minutes) for a natural decay value. Immediately after this the air
treatment system is turn on. The concentration is again monitored over time to determine
room total removal performance.
Continuous Feed Test Method
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was calibrated with the test filter to produce approximately 250
CFM of airflow.
The test room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room” located in Research and
Development. The room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or 1100 cubic feet and is
designed so that it is very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The room is sealed and has
an extremely low exchange rate.
The test room was conditioned to 50% relative humidity for all tests. Since carbon has great
capacity for adsorbing water, the filter was also conditioned with 50% relative humidity air
moving through it for at approximately 16 hours. The temperature of the room was also
conditioned at 70°F prior to the start of the test. No extra heating or humidity was allowed
during the test.
42
Ammonia gas was generated by pumping a liquid solution of ammonia through a heater. The
concentration was analyzed by the ppbRAE 3000 serial number 594-903026 with the
VOC(ppm) sensor calibrated for ammonia with a factor of 9.7 per ppbRAE instructions.
In the first portion of the test, the concentration of the room was monitored without the air
treatment system running. Ammonia was pumped through the heater at a 0.19783 ml/min
rate with a solution of 35088.6 ppm equating to a feed rate of 6.94 mg/min of ammonia. The
generator was turned on and the concentration monitored for 60 minutes to determine the
concentration rate of rise so that the concentration at the 350 minute mark could be
calculated. Immediately following this the air treatment system was activated on maximum
speed 5, the ammonia injection and concentration monitoring continued over time for at least
350 minutes. The test was repeated on two separate filters.
Results for Continuous Feed Testing
Graph 1 shows the concentration of ammonia in the room over a 350 minute time period with
and without the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. Over a series of two tests the concentration in the
room without the air treatment system is estimated to average 122.1 ppm at the 350 minute
mark. With the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier running on speed 5 the average concentration after
the 350 minutes was 40.4 ppm. The removal performance was consistent between the two
filters and at the 350 minute mark the filters had removed 67% of the injected ammonia.
Graph 1
43
Single Event Test Method
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was calibrated with the test filter to produce approximately 250
CFM of airflow.
The test room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room” located in Research and
Development. The room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or 1100 cubic feet and is
designed so that it is very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The room is sealed and has
an extremely low exchange rate.
The test room was conditioned to 50% relative humidity for all tests. Since carbon has great
capacity for adsorbing water, the filter was also conditioned with 50% relative humidity air
moving through it for at approximately 16 hours. The temperature of the room was also
conditioned at 70OF prior to the start of the test. No extra heating or humidity was allowed
during the test.
Ammonia gas was generated by pumping a liquid solution of ammonia through a heating
element. The concentration was analyzed by the ppbRAE 3000 serial number 594-903026
with the VOC (ppm) sensor calibrated for ammonia with a factor of 9.7 per ppbRAE
instructions.
In the first portion of the test the concentration of the room was monitored without the air
treatment system running. Ammonia was generated until the concentration of the room was
approximately 3 ppm. The generator was turned off and the room allowed to stabilize for
approximately 10 minutes, after this the concentration was monitored for 60 minutes to
determine a natural decay. Immediately following this natural decay portion the air treatment
system was activated on maximum speed 5 and the concentration (approximately 2 ppm)
was monitored over time. The test was repeated on three separate filters to determine
analytical reproducibility.
Results for Single Event Testing
As can be seen in Graph 2 the results of the 3 tests show that the ammonia is reduced from
the air in the room but that the results varied from 90% to 100% total room reduction
(includes natural decay) in an hour. In that hour 53% to 73% removal was attributed to
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone. A noted difficulty of this test is that ammonia has a very
high natural decay due to it reactivity which greatly influences the reduced amount attributed
to AtmosphereTM Air Purifier.
44
Graph 2
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can reduce ammonia in the air of a room
with 90% to 100% total (with natural decay) room reductions in an hour (approximately 73%
to 53% attributed to AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone) in a single event test. In the continuous
feed comparison at 350 minutes the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier had lowered the concentration
of the room by 67%.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne
contaminants listed above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is
limited to those airborne contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential
airborne contaminants, and their associated health risks, will not be completely eliminated
by the use of this product.
45
5.6: Toluene room reduction up to 96% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes
(with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing toluene from the
air. Toluene is aromatic hydrocarbon with a sweet odor. It is a derivative of benzene. It is
widely used in industry as a solvent and as an octane booster in fuels. Toluene usually
occurs in indoor air from the use of common household products such as paints, paint
thinners, adhesives, synthetic fragrances and nail polish, as well as cigarette smoke. A
principal source of toluene in the outdoor air is automotive emissions. Toluene is not known
to be a human carcinogen but exposure can cause irritation of the eyes and nose, weakness,
exhaustion, confusion, euphoria, dizziness, headache, anxiety, muscle fatigue, numbness or
tingling of the skin, and it may cause liver and kidney damage.
Test Method
The contaminant was generated by boiling off liquid toluene from a hot plate within the test
room. The contaminant was monitored by the MiniRAE 2000 (PGM7600) analyzer. The test
room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room” located in Research and Development. The
room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or 1100 cubic feet and is designed so that it is
very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The room is sealed and has an extremely low
exchange rate. The test room was conditioned to 50% relative humidity for all tests. Since
carbon has great capacity for adsorbing water, the filter was also conditioned with 50%
relative humidity air moving through it for at approximately 16 hours. The temperature of the
room was also conditioned at 70OF prior to the start of the test. No heating or humidity
control was allowed during the test.
The test consists of two basic parts, contaminant injection while monitoring the room without
an air treatment system running and then repeating with the air treatment system running on
maximum speed. Three milliliters (3ml) of liquid toluene were boiled off resulting in a room
concentration of approximately 15 ppm. The generator was turned off and the room allowed
to stabilize for approximately 10 minutes. After this the concentration was monitored for 120
minutes to determine a natural decay for toluene. Following this natural decay portion the
room was cleansed and the above was repeated with an AtmosphereTM Air Purifier in the
room. The unit was activated on maximum speed (5) and the concentration monitored over
time. The test was repeated on two separate filters.
Results for Single Event Testing
As can be seen in Graph 1 the results of the two tests show that the AtmosphereTM Air
Purifier does have significant impact on the contaminant toluene in the 1100 cubic foot test
room.
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction, the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As can be seen in Graph 2, the results of the two tests show that the total toluene decay is
consistent between the two tests. The total decay (unit removal and natural decay) average
is approximately 91% after one hour and 96% after two hours. The natural decay accounts
for almost 3% of the reduction after one hour and an estimated 7% after two hours.
46
Graph 1
Graph 2
47
A third unit was sent to Tsinghua University for testing in their 30m3 chamber against the
China National Standard GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner for the room removal of toluene. The
method is very similar to that used in Amway’s laboratory but the room size, concentration
and monitoring equipment are different. The concentration of the room was approximately 2
mg/m3 at test start. As seen in Graph 3, the results showed 96.2% total room decay after two
hour and 98.8% total decay after two hours. The natural decay results was similar as well
with an approximate 4% value after two hour. Note that the natural decay was stopped after
one hour. The overall results were very consistent with those obtained in Amway’s laboratory
in Ada.
Graph 3
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce toluene in the air of
a room with 96.2% total (with natural decay) room reduction (92.2% attributed to
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone).
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
48
5.7: Acetic acid room reduction up to 95% in a 30m³ room within 60
minutes (with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing acetic acid from
the air. Acetic acid (C2H4O2) is a colorless gas with a pungent vinegar-like odor. It is widely
used in the manufacture of paper and paper products, meat and meat products, textile
products, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides, vitamins, cosmetics, and
as an antimicrobial agent. It is produced naturally as part of fermentation of some foods. In
home sources of acetic acid include solvents or aerosols, food products, solid fuel burning for
heating homes and cooking. Acetic acid is an irritant to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs and
can cause coughing and breathing difficulties.
Test Method
A continuous feed method was employed to evaluate the acetic acid reducing performance of
the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier in a room. The continuous feed follows the format devised by
Product Development in the documentation of AtmosphereTM Air Purifier acetic acid reduction
during the development of AtmosphereTM Air Purifier in 2005. In this method the contaminant
was fed at a specific rate into a test room with no air treatment and monitored over a 60
minute time. Then the air treatment system is activated on maximum speed with the
generator continuing to inject the contaminant into the room at the same feed rate. The
results of the tests with and without air treatment are then compared and a total room
reduction over time is calculated.
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was calibrated with the test filter to produce approximately 250
CFM of airflow.
The test room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room” located in Research and
Development. The room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or 1100 cubic feet and is
designed so that it is very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The room is sealed and has
an extremely low exchange rate.
The test room was conditioned to 50% relative humidity for all tests. Since carbon has great
capacity for adsorbing water, the filter was also conditioned with 50% relative humidity air
moving through it for at approximately 16 hours. The temperature of the room was also
conditioned at 70°F prior to the start of the test. No extra heating or humidity was allowed
during the test.
The acetic acid gas was generated by pumping a liquid solution of acetic acid through a
heater. The concentration was analyzed by the ppbRAE 3000 serial number 594-903026
with the VOC (ppm) sensor calibrated for acetic acid with a factor of 22 per ppbRAE
instructions.
In the first portion of the test the concentration of the room was monitored without the air
treatment system running. Acetic acid was pumped through the heater at a 0.19783 ml/min
rate with a solution of 499.5 ppm equating to a feed rate of 98.8 mg/min of acetic acid. The
generator was turned on and the concentration monitored for 60 minutes to determine the
concentration rate of rise so that the concentration at the 350 minute mark could be
49
calculated. Immediately following this the air treatment system was activated on maximum
speed 5, the acetic acid injection and concentration monitoring continued over time for at
least 350 minutes. The test was repeated on three separate filters.
Results for Continuous Feed Testing
Graph 1 shows the concentration of acetic acid in the room over a 350 minute time period
with and without the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. Over a series of three tests the concentration
in the room without the air treatment system is estimated to average 334.2 ppm at the 350
minute mark. With the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier running on speed 5 the average
concentration after the 350 minutes was 14.6 ppm. The removal performance was consistent
between the three filters and at the 350 minute mark the unit had removed 95% of the
injected acetic acid.
Graph 1
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can reduce acetic acid in the air of a room
demonstrating a 95% reduction against a continuous source after 350 minutes.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
50
5.8: Xylene room reduction up to 99% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes
(with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing xylene from the
air. Xylene is a sweet smelling gas that occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar and is
formed during forest fires. The largest source of xylene in the environment comes from
emissions from petroleum refineries and chemical plants, automotive exhaust and petroleum
products. In-home sources of xylene are tobacco smoke, building materials such as paints,
solvents, fragrances, cleaning products, adhesives, and petroleum products. Xylene is
associated with breathing difficulties and irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. It can also
cause nausea, vomiting, gastric discomfort, headaches, dizziness as well as confusion.
Test Method
A unit was sent to Tsinghua University for testing in their 30m3 chamber against the China
National Standard GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner for the room removal of xylene. The
GB/T18801-2008 is as follows: Air cleaner is placed in the middle of the test room and tested
to ensure that it is operational then turned off, monitoring equipment intake is separated by
significant space from the inlet and outlet of the air cleaner, temperature and humidity are
controlled 25 +/- 2 degrees C and 50 +/- 10% relative humidity, contaminant is injected into
the test room until concentration of the room reaches approximately 2 mg/m3, mixing fans are
employed for 10 minutes to homogenously mix the room air with the injected contaminant,
mixing fans are deactivated and the concentration is monitored over time to determine the
natural decay. The above is repeated for the total decay test with the unit being activated on
maximum speed after the room mixing has been accomplished.
Results
As seen in Graph 1, the Tsinghua University results show that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
operating on maximum speed (5) has excellent initial performance against xylene.
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As seen in Graph 2, with the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier operating on maximum speed (5) the
results showed a 99.7% total room decay after one hour (total length of test). The natural
decay was also only tested for one hour and it represents an approximate 3.4% of the one
hour total room reduction value.
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce xylene in the air of
a room with 99.7% total (with natural decay) room reduction (96.2% attributed to
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone).
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
51
Graph 1
Graph 2
52
5.9: Acetaldehyde room reduction up to 55% in a 30m³ room within 60
minutes (with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing acetaldehyde
from the air. Acetaldehyde is used in the production of perfumes, resins, preservative in fruit
and fish, as a flavoring agent, as solvent in rubber, and in tanning and paper processing
plants. Acetaldehyde is formed naturally in the body from the breakdown of ethanol a source
for those who drink alcohol. Sources in outdoor air include automotive emissions, coal and
waste processing, and incomplete wood combustion are sources. Sources for Acetaldehyde
indoors are from tobacco smoke, wood stoves, and it is found in bread, ripe fruit and coffee.
It is also found in building materials like wood, paints, laminate, linoleum, and flooring. Short
term exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system.
Test Method
The contaminant was generated by boiling off liquid acetaldehyde from a hot plate within the
test room. The contaminant was monitored by the ppbRAE 3000 analyzer. The test room
used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room” located in Research and Development. The room
has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or 1100 cubic feet and is designed so that it is very
similar to a standard AHAM test room. The room is sealed and has an extremely low
exchange rate. The test room was conditioned to 50% RH for all tests. Since carbon has
great capacity for adsorbing water, the filter was also conditioned with 50% relative humidity
air moving through it for at approximately 16 hours. The temperature of the room was also
conditioned at 70°F prior to the start of the test. No heating or humidity control was allowed
during the test.
The test consists of two basic parts; contaminant injection while monitoring the room without
an air treatment system running and then activation of the air treatment system running on
maximum speed. Approximately 300 mg of liquid acetaldehyde was boiled off resulting in a
room concentration of approximately 7 ppm. The heater was turned off and the room allowed
to stabilize for approximately 10 minutes, after this the concentration was monitored for 60
minutes to determine a natural decay for acetaldehyde. Following this natural decay portion
the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier in the room was activated on speed 5 and the concentration
monitored over time. Two filters were tested for repeatability
Results
As can be seen in Graph 1 the results of the two tests show that the AtmosphereTM Air
Purifier does have an impact on the contaminant Acetaldehyde in the 1100 cubic foot test
room.
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As seen in Graph 2, the results of the two tests show that the total acetaldehyde decay is
consistent. The total decay (unit removal and natural decay) average is approximately 55%
after one hour and 69% after two hours. The natural decay accounts for approximately 7% of
the reduction after one hour (total length of natural decay test).
53
Graph 1
Graph 2
54
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can reduce acetaldehyde in the air of a
room with 55% total (includes natural decay) room reduction in an hour (approximately 48%
attributed to AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone) in a single event test.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
55
5.10: Sulfur dioxide reduction up to 98% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes
(with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing sulfur dioxide
(SO2) from the air. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless highly reactive toxic gas that has a pungent
irritating odor. It is associated with the smell of rot or decay. Sulfur dioxide has many
sources including natural releases from volcanos. Most of the sulfur dioxide released into the
environment comes from the burning of fossil fuels to produce electricity, petroleum
refineries, metal smelting, cement manufacturing, processing facilities, paper pulp
manufacturing, and automotive exhaust. In-home sources of sulfur dioxide are tobacco
smoke, improperly vented gas appliances, furnaces and kerosene heaters, and wood and
coal stoves.
Test Method
A unit was sent to Tsinghua University for testing in their 30m3 chamber against the China
National Standard GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner for the room removal of sulfur dioxide. The
GB/T18801-2008 is as follows: Air cleaner is placed in the middle of the test room and tested
to ensure that it is operational then turned off, monitoring equipment intake is separated by
significant space from the inlet and outlet of the air cleaner, temperature and humidity are
controlled 25 +/- 2 degrees C and 50 +/- 10% relative humidity, contaminant is injected into
the test room until concentration of the room reaches approximately 5 mg/m3, mixing fans are
employed for 10 minutes to homogenously mix the room air with the injected contaminant,
mixing fans are deactivated and the concentration is monitored over time to determine the
natural decay. The above is repeated for the total decay test with the unit being activated on
maximum speed after the room mixing has been accomplished.
Results
As seen in Graph 1, the Tsinghua University results show that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
operating on maximum speed (5) has excellent initial performance against sulfur dioxide.
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction, the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As seen in Graph 2, with the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier operating on maximum speed (5) the
results showed 98% total room decay after one hour and 99.5% total room decay after two
hours. The natural decay was only tested for one hour and it represents an approximate 5%
of the one hour total room reduction value.
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce sulfur dioxide in the
air of a room with 98% total (with natural decay) room reduction in one hour (approximately
93% attributed to AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone).
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
56
Graph 1
Graph 2
57
5.11: Total volatile organic compound (TVOC – a mixture of benzene,
toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, styrene, ethyl benzene, and undecane)
room reduction up to 99% in a 30m³ room within 60 minutes (with natural
decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing TVOC’s from the
air. TVOC is an acronym for Total Volatile Organic Compounds and is a term representing a
class of chemical gases called Volatile Organic Compounds or VOC’s. Volatile organic
compounds are organic chemicals that have high vapor pressure at room temperature,
meaning that they easily evaporate as gases from certain solids and liquids. The term VOC
covers a vast array of chemical compounds that are both man-made and naturally occurring.
These compounds are used as ingredients in many products such as fuels, cleaning and
disinfecting, cosmetic, degreasing, paints, thinners, pesticides, building materials, and
adhesives.
Some VOC’s are associated with breathing difficulties, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat.
They have been linked to headaches, dizziness, coughing, and nausea/vomiting.
As stated earlier TVOC is an acronym for Total Volatile Organic Compounds and is a mixture
of benzene, toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, styrene, ethylbenzene, and undecane. This
mixture represents the general VOC category and is combined for testing such as this.
Test Method
A unit was sent to Tsinghua University for testing in their 30m3 chamber against the China
National Standard GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner for the room removal of TVOC’s. The
GB/T18801-2008 is as follows: Air cleaner is placed in the middle of the test room and tested
to ensure that it is operational then turned off, monitoring equipment intake is separated by
significant space from the inlet and outlet of the air cleaner, temperature and humidity are
controlled 25 +/- 2 degrees C and 50 +/- 10% relative humidity, contaminant is injected into
the test room until concentration of the room reaches approximately 2 mg/m3, mixing fans are
employed for 10 minutes to homogenously mix the room air with the injected contaminant,
mixing fans are deactivated and the concentration is monitored over time to determine the
natural decay. The above is repeated for the total decay test with the unit being activated on
maximum speed after the room mixing has been accomplished.
Results
As seen in Graph 1 the Tsinghua University results show that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
operating on maximum speed (5) has excellent initial performance against TVOC’s.
58
Graph 1
Graph 2
59
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction, the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As seen in Graph 2, with the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier operating on maximum speed (5) the
results showed a 99.7% total room decay after one hour (total test time). The natural decay
was also only tested for one hour and it represents an approximate 3.4% of the one hour total
room reduction value.
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce TVOC’s in the air of
a room with 99.7% total (with natural decay) room reduction after an hour (96.2% attributed to
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone).
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
60
5.12: Nitrogen room dioxide reduction up to 99% in a 30m³ room within 60
minutes (with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing nitrogen dioxide
from the air. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a “heavier than air” toxic gas that is reddish-brown in
color and has a sharp biting odor. It is formed during combustion of coal, oil, gas or diesel
fuel, and wood. The largest source of nitrogen dioxide in the environment comes from
emissions of automotive exhaust as well as from power plants and even natural sources such
as wild fires. In-home sources of nitrogen dioxide are tobacco smoke, candle and incense
burning and fossil fuel burning appliances, especially those that aren’t vented outdoors or are
poorly maintained. Nitrogen dioxide is associated breathing difficulties by inflaming the
airways as well as irritation of the eyes, nose and throat.
Test Method
A unit was sent to Tsinghua University for testing in their 30m3 chamber against the China
National Standard GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner for the room removal of nitrogen dioxide.
The GB/T18801-2008 is as follows: Air cleaner is placed in the middle of the test room and
tested to ensure that it is operational then turned off, monitoring equipment intake is
separated by significant space from the inlet and outlet of the air cleaner, temperature and
humidity are controlled 25 +/- 2 degrees C and 50 +/- 10% relative humidity, contaminant is
injected into the test room until concentration of the room reaches approximately 2.4 mg/m3,
mixing fans are employed for 10 minutes to homogenously mix the room air with the injected
contaminant, mixing fans are deactivated and the concentration is monitored over time to
determine the natural decay. The above is repeated for the total decay test with the unit
being activated on maximum speed after the room mixing has been accomplished.
Results
As seen in Graph 1 the Tsinghua University results show that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
operating on maximum speed (5) has excellent initial performance against nitrogen dioxide.
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As seen in Graph 2, with the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier operating on maximum speed (5) the
results showed a 99.5% total room decay after one hour and 99.7% after two hours. The
natural decay was also only tested for two hours and it represents an approximate 5.3% of
the one hour total room reduction value and 10.6% of the two hour total.
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce nitrogen dioxide in
the air of a room with 99.5% total (with natural decay) room reduction after one hour (94.4%
attributed to AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone).
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
61
Graph 1
Graph 2
62
5.13: Hydrogen sulfide room reduction up to 99% in a 30m³ room within
60 minutes (with natural decay).
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a carbon filter that is capable of reducing hydrogen sulfide
from the air. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a “heavier then air” highly toxic gas that is colorless,
extremely flammable, and has a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. It results from the
bacterial breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen and can be found naturally in
sewers, swamps, manure pits, well water, oil and gas wells and volcanos. Hydrogen sulfide
is used or produced in industries as well, oil and gas refining, electricity produced from coal
and or oil, mining, tanning, pulp and paper processing, farms, waste water treatment plants
and landfills. In-home sources of hydrogen sulfide include well water, hot water tanks and
dry sewer traps.
Hydrogen sulfide is not known to cause cancer in humans but is associated breathing
difficulties as well as irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. It is linked to asthma attacks,
headache, dizziness, coughing, and nausea/vomiting.
Test Method
A unit was sent to Tsinghua University for testing in their 30m3 chamber against the China
National Standard GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner for the room removal of hydrogen sulfide.
The GB/T18801-2008 is as follows: Air cleaner is placed in the middle of the test room and
tested to ensure that it is operational then turned off, monitoring equipment intake is
separated by significant space from the inlet and outlet of the air cleaner, temperature and
humidity are controlled 25 +/- 2 degrees C and 50 +/- 10% relative humidity, contaminant is
injected into the test room until concentration of the room reaches approximately 1 mg/m3,
mixing fans are employed for 10 minutes to homogenously mix the room air with the injected
contaminant, mixing fans are deactivated and the concentration is monitored over time to
determine the natural decay. The above is repeated for the total decay test with the unit
being activated on maximum speed after the room mixing has been accomplished.
Results
As seen in Graph 1, the Tsinghua University results show that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
operating on maximum speed (5) has excellent initial performance against hydrogen sulfide.
Another way of depicting the data is as attenuation or percent room reduction. In this
depiction, the initial contaminant concentration represents 100% of the contamination value.
As seen in Graph 2, with the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier operating on maximum speed (5) the
results showed a 99.1% total room decay after one hour (total test time). The natural decay
was also only tested for one hour and it represents an approximate 7% of the one hour total
room reduction value.
63
Graph 1
Graph 2
64
Conclusions
Testing shows that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can significantly reduce hydrogen sulfide in
the air of a room with 99.1% total (with natural decay) room reduction after an hour (92.1%
attributed to AtmosphereTM Air Purifier alone).
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
65
5.14: Dioxin room reduction up to 80%.
5.15: Dibenzofurans room reduction up to 75%.
Introduction
Dioxin is the generic name for a group of 210 chlorinated aromatic compounds having two
linked benzene rings. The benzene rings are linked with either two oxygen atoms
(dibenzodioxins), or one oxygen atom (dibenzofurans). Among the 210 individual chlorinated
dioxin and furan molecules, 17 compounds in this class—7 dioxins and 10 furans—are
considered toxic. The most toxic individual compounds are 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzodioxin. Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds including
polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and some
coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are identified as endocrine disruptors.
Dioxins and dibenzofurans are a group of compounds formed during combustion and
industrial processes, and are found in the environment at low concentrations. These
compounds are a health concern because they can accumulate in the body, and are
extremely toxic causing a number of different health effects.
These compounds have extremely low volatility and when they are airborne they tend to
attach to dust particles. In addition, they strongly adsorb on activated carbon which has a
very high capacity for them.
Test Method
The performance of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was modeled for a room. Dioxins and
dibenzofurans are extremely toxic and a laboratory test of an air treatment system is not
possible. The performance of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was computer modeled by a
respected university, using methods that have been accepted by scientists.
Most of the dioxins and dibenzofurans in the air are attached to particles in the air, which can
be removed from the air by a HEPA filter. However, these compounds on the trapped
particles will slowly bleed off as air passes by them. Dioxins and dibenzofurans are very
strongly adsorbed on activated carbon. Therefore, a good particle filter followed by a good
activated carbon filter may be capable of removing them from the air.
Michigan Technological University (MTU) has developed a number of mathematical models
for activated carbon adsorption. They have been publishing their work on these models for
over 20 years, and they are highly regarded in the field. The models have been validated
many times and proven to be accurate predictors of actual performance.
Research and Development contracted with MTU to model the performance of the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier for the reduction of dioxins and dibenzofurans. The model required
information from odor filter, particulate filter and system performance in a room in order to run
the model accurately. Following contains the input we provided:
Odor filter inputs were as follows:
66
Carbon = 4x8 GAC @ 2% < 4, 95% = 4x8 and 3%>8
Fill weight = 2.9 lbs or 1315 grams
Airflow area of filter = approximately 224.36 square inches
Carbon filter bed depth of 0.688 inches
Face velocity of 160.46 feet per minute at 250 CFM of total airflow
Room inputs were as follows:
Volume of room in cubic feet = 1100 ft3
Flow rate of air through the room = 22 CFM
Air exchange rate = 1.2 hr-1
Toluene reduction: The unit was also tested in Amway’s AHAM1 test room for Toluene
reduction to show the adsorption characteristics of the filter. Toluene is a volatile solvent that
has fairly low toxicity. MTU used the data from the toluene reduction to predict the reduction
of dioxin compounds.
Graph 1
Toluene Adsorption for Atmosphere on Speed 5
18
17
16
15
Toluene (ppm)
14
13
Atmosphere 1.5 with WSA3002 Odor Filter 36 of 100
12
Atmosphere 1.5 with WSA3002 Odor Filter 75 of 100
11
natural decay of Toluene in AHAM1 on 8-31-2012
10
9
8
7
6
Notes:
‐ Speed 5 was calibrated to claimed airflow of 250 CFM
‐ WSA3002 is 2.9 lb GAC carbon with SDD treatment
‐ Room Condition 70 F 50 RH +/‐5
5
4
3
2
1
0
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Time (min)
The toluene room reduction test is a single event test using an initial concentration of
approximately 15 ppm in the 1100 cubic foot AHAM1 test room located on the 3rd floor of
building 31 here at Amway. The room conditions for the test are 70 degrees Fahrenheit and
relative humidity of 50% both +/- 5. The room is clean of both particulate and gas
contaminant. At least two tests are required, a natural decay followed by a unit test to
determine the reduction. The room is cleaned and then a specific amount of toluene is
67
aerosolized, concentration is mixed with fan and allowed to stabilize. Concentration is
monitored and recorded without the air treatment device. This is the natural decay for
toluene. After cleaning the room, the test is repeated with an air treatment system. When
the room is stabilized at the appropriate concentration level the unit under test is turned on to
maximum speed and the concentration is recorded over time.
Particulate reduction: In October 2011 a new particulate filter media (HES998C) was built
into the WSA2097 particulate filter frame. Three of these filters were tested in a 101076CH
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier against the EN1822-5 (2009) Initial Fractional Efficiency test at
Interbasic Resources Inc. or IBR. IBR is an independent certified laboratory and reported the
following test results in Table 1. This media is now the chosen media for the WSA2097
particle filter and is used across the entire AtmosphereTM product line, covering all 101076
suffixes’ and is the appropriate particulate filter test data for the dioxin modeling of
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier.
Table 1
MTU put these parameters and the chemical characteristics of dioxins and dibenzofurans in
their model. They also put in concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans into the model that
were much higher than typically found in air. The model also required information such as
room size and rate of outside air infiltration, since most of the dioxins and dibenzofurans in
the air of a home come from the outside air. The computer model predicted the adsorption of
these compounds.
Results
The report from MTU is entitled “October 4, 2012 Modeling of the Indoor Treatment of
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)”. The MTU model
predicts that the odor filter will be effective against dioxins for thousands of years, which is a
time period that’s much longer than the rated life (4 to 12 months) of the new thinner odor
filter (WSA3002 or WSA3193A).
68
The model also shows that both dioxin and dibenzofurans removal performance is slightly
improved over the original AtmosphereTM Air Purifier odor filter at both 1.2 and 2.0 hr-1 AER’s
(air exchange rate). However, this table wasn’t used in the 2005 Technical Information
Packet (TIP). The table for overall removal efficiency in the TIP came from a technical paper
published in the Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association by Hebi Li of CH2M
Hill in Tempe Arizona, Yongsheng Chen and John Crittenden of Arizona State University,
David Hand of Michigan Technological University and Roy Taylor of Access Business group
in Ada Michigan. This model used more conventional AER’s of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.333 hr-1. The
table for the original AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is found on page 1164, volume 56, August
2006 of the Journal.
David Hand of MTU was asked to repopulate the overall removal efficiency table with results
for the new odor filter in AtmosphereTM Air Purifier using the air exchange rates from the table
of the Journal and the TIP. Following are the results.
Table 9.0 A&WM Paper with new filter design
Compound Overall Removal Efficiency (%)
Qf/Q = 4.99 Qf/Q = 10 Qf/Q = 15 ‐1
‐1
(AER = 1 hr ) (AER = 0.5 hr ) (AER = 0.333 hr‐1)
2,3,7,8‐TCDD OCDD 2,3,7,8‐TCDF OCDF 81.5 99.7 79.3 99.8 87.4 99.8 88.1 99.9 92.7 99.8 91.7 99.9 TCDD – Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
OCDD - Octachlorodibenzodioxin
TCDF – Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
OCDF – Octachlorodibenzofuran
Conclusions
By virtue of the performance against the weakest adsorbed dioxin and dibenzofurans, it can
be predicted that AtmosphereTM Air Purifier reduces the group of 75 dioxins by 81.5% or
better and 135 dibenzofurans by 79.3% or greater and would be effective for the life of the
odor filter.
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is predicted to reduce the group of 75 dioxins by 81.5% or better
and 135 dibenzofurans by 79.3% or greater and is effective for the life of the odor filter.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
69
6. Sound
6.1: Low speed dB(A) will be lower than 30dB(A) sound pressure with
effective performance
6.2: High speed dB(A) is an average of 55dB(A) sound pressure.
6.3: High speed noise lower than eight (8) sones with effective
performance.
Introduction
Sound is defined as any pressure variation that can be heard by a human ear. This
encompasses a range of frequencies from 20 Hz to 20 kHz for a young, healthy human ear.
In terms of sound pressure level, audible sound ranges from the threshold of hearing at 0 dB
to the threshold of pain, which can be over 130 dB.
The weakest sound a healthy human ear can detect has an amplitude of 20 millionths of a
Pascal (20 µPA) – some 5,000,000,000 times less than normal atmospheric pressure. A
pressure change of 20 µPa is so small that it causes the eardrum to deflect a distance less
than the diameter of a single hydrogen molecule. Amazingly, the ear can tolerate sound
pressures more than a million times higher. Thus, if we measured sound in Pa, we would
end up with some very large and unmanageable numbers. To avoid this, another scale is
used – the decibel or dB scale. The decibel is not an absolute unit of measurement. It is a
ratio between a measured quantity and an agreed reference level. The dB scale is
logarithmic and uses the hearing threshold of 20 µPa as the reference level. This is defined
as 0 dB. When we multiply the sound pressure in Pa by 10, we add 20 dB to the dB level.
So 200 µPa corresponds to 20 dB (re 20 µPa), 2000 µPa to 40 dB and so on. Thus, the dB
scale compresses a range of a million µPa into a range of only 120 dB. This measurement is
referred to as the Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
Although an increase of 6 dB represents a doubling of the sound pressure, an increase of
about 10 dB is required before the sound subjectively appears to be twice as loud to the
human ear. The smallest change we can hear is about 3 dB. The subjective or perceived
loudness of a sound is determined by several complex factors. One such factor is that the
human ear is not equally sensitive at all frequencies. It is most sensitive to sounds between 2
kHz and 5 kHz, and less sensitive at higher and lower frequencies.
Sound pressure level alone is not an accurate measure of how loud a sound is perceived by
the human ear. Loudness or noise is affected by the level of the sound, the frequency and
time. Frequency is a factor since the human ear hears different frequencies at different
levels. Time also effects how the ear hears a sound because there is a delay in how quickly
the ear hears a sound at full level. Sound Quality is measured in sones and takes all these
factors into account. Sones is a linear measurement, a sound that is twice as many sones is
perceived to be twice as loud. Thus, an increase in the number of sones is a decrease in the
quality of the sound.
70
Test Method
Sound measurements were taken from two plant trials, a low voltage and a high voltage from
the Malaysian manufacturing plant trial on a total of 26 units in a sound chamber to eliminate
background noise using the equipment listed below:









Equipment
B&K signal analyzer unit type 2827-002.
B&K type 4165 Free-Field ½” Microphone.
Semi Anechoic Sound chamber.
Tripod
Procedure
The unit under test is to be placed in the middle of the sound chamber.
The microphone is mounted at one corner, on the tripod about 1m to 1.25meter high to
the floor, and aimed about 45-degree down.
The distance between the microphone tip and DUT top housing must be always kept at 1
meter apart.
Turn off the sound chamber exhaust fan, lab hood fan and any noise generating
equipment in the lab outside the sound room.
Select desired voltage and frequency outlet, set speed of DUT and allow 30 minute warm
up and 5 minute between speed selections.
Results
Tables 2 and 3 show the summary of measurements from the individual manufacturing plant
trials (low and high voltage) for both noise in sones and sound pressure in dB(A) relative to
the average airflow delivered for the 26 units.
Table 1 summarizes the weighted average of the data from both the Low and High Voltage
Plant Trials.
Table 1
Unit
High and Low Voltage Unit Claims Testing 26 Unit Weighted Average
Speed
Airflow
Airflow
Airflow Loudness Sound Pressure
CFM
M3/M
(Sones)
(dB(A))
M3/H
Average
5
4
3
2
1
Off
257.5
205.9
154.0
104.4
51.9
Std Dev
5
4
3
2
1
Off
3.54
2.83
2.66
1.97
1.61
7.29
5.83
4.36
2.96
1.47
437.5
349.8
261.6
177.4
88.1
7.74
5.49
3.30
1.64
0.50
0.32
54.7
49.9
44.5
36.9
25.2
22.5
0.31
0.24
0.13
0.08
0.04
0.00
0.75
0.58
0.53
0.60
0.61
0.00
71
Table 2
Unit
Table 3
115 VAC 60Hz Claims Testing 10 Unit Average - WR01451
Speed
Airflow
Airflow
Airflow Loudness Sound Pressure
CFM
M3/M
(Sones)
(dB(A))
M3/H
Average
5
4
3
2
1
Off
250.5
199.8
149.7
100.4
49.6
Std Dev
5
4
3
2
1
Off
3.14
3.09
2.24
1.44
1.06
7.09
5.66
4.24
2.84
1.41
425.6
339.4
254.3
170.6
84.3
7.58
5.45
3.28
1.59
0.50
54.67
50.23
44.57
36.51
25.42
0.25
0.22
0.08
0.05
0.04
0.76
0.56
0.33
0.35
0.65
Unit
230 VAC 50Hz Claims Testing 16 Unit Average WR01458
Speed
Airflow
Airflow
Airflow Loudness
Sound Pressure
(Sones)
(dB(A))
CFM
M3/M
M3/H
Average
5
4
3
2
1
Off
261.9
209.7
156.6
106.9
53.3
0.0
Std Dev
5
4
3
2
1
Off
3.79
2.66
2.92
2.29
1.95
7.41
5.94
4.43
3.03
1.51
444.9
356.3
266.1
181.7
90.5
7.84
5.52
3.31
1.67
0.50
0.32
54.7
49.7
44.5
37.1
25.1
22.5
0.35
0.25
0.17
0.10
0.04
0.75
0.59
0.65
0.76
0.59
The background sound pressure level in the room with the units turned off was 22.5 dB and
the loudness was 0.32 sones.
Graph 1
Graph 2
Graphs 1 and 2 above depict graphically the relationship between sound and airflow for both
low and high voltage units.
Conclusions

The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier delivers on the sound design goals while delivering
effective room cleaning performance.
o The high speed sound pressure average of the 26 units measured is 54.7 dB(A)
at an average airflow of 257.5 CFM (7.29 M3/M or 437.5 M3/H) and is under the
goal of 60 dB(A).
o The low speed sound pressure average of the 26 units measured is 25.2 dB(A)
at an average airflow of 51.9 CFM (1.47 M3/M or 88.1 M3/H) and is under the
goal of 30 dB(A).
o The high speed loudness average of the 26 units measured is 7.74 sones at an
average airflow of 257.5 CFM (7.29 M3/M or 437.5 M3/H) and is under the goal
of 9 sones.
72
7. Odor filter life of up to one (1) year.
Introduction
The activated carbon filter has a limited capacity to remove airborne contaminants such as
household odors and formaldehyde. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier also has 5 speeds of
operation that can be used. The speeds are selected by the user in Manual mode and
determined by the sensor level in Auto mode. The life of the odor filter is dependent on the
volume of air passing through the odor filter which is a result of on how much time the unit is
on and at what speed it is operating. The worst case for odor filters life is running 24 hrs/day
at speed 5. This combination results in the maximum amount of air passing through the filter.
The life of the carbon filter is four months based on these conditions.
Table 1 shows the life of the filter when the unit is run 24 hour per day, at the various speeds.
Table 1: 24 Hrs/day
Speed
1
2
Life
12.00 10.00
(months)
3
6.67
4
5.00
5
4.00
The filter life is proportional to speed and to run time such that the life is extended when the
unit is run less often or at a lower speed. If the unit is run for 12 hrs/day at speed 5, the life is
extended to 8 months. There is however, a 12 month limit to the life of the odor filter. This
limit is imposed because, even when the system is not running, the carbon filter can adsorb
odor contaminants out the air and become depleted. A microprocessor in the AtmosphereTM
Air Purifier keeps track of the amount of time the system is used, and the blower speed
settings to calculate the life of the filter. The filter replacement indicators inform the customer
of when to change the filters.
To prove the odor filter in the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can last four months, Product
Development developed a peer reviewed and accepted method for testing carbon filter life.
Much of the method developed by Product Development is used today with a few exceptions.
Those exceptions include an increase in the loading rate so that the time could be decreased
from 13 days to approximately 6 days, the initial and post loading room tests have changed
from the continuous feed to single event dose studies like those used in the China Nation
Standard 18801 and AHAM’s CADR for particulate.
Formaldehyde was chosen as the contaminant to validate the odor filter life because of its
prevalence in the home, its impact on health, and the amount of published data available on
newly constructed homes. The Japanese government has tested large number of newly
constructed homes and has had the largest amount of information available on
concentrations formaldehyde in the home. In a survey conducted in 2002 of 2,209 homes,
the average concentration of formaldehyde was determined to be 0.043 ppm. This average
was then used to build a simulated life test of the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier’s odor filter.
Testing at average concentrations can take from months to years to prove that the filters
have capacity for their chosen life cycles. Because of the time and expense, test durations
were shortened by accelerating the feed of contamination. Care must be taken to ensure that
the acceleration mimics real life performance.
73
TEST METHOD
The testing was done in three stages:
1. Initial Room Cleaning Performance - The initial performance was measured in a room
with a with a single event dose of formaldehyde.
2. Filter Loading – Estimated 4 months of formaldehyde fed into test room over a 6 day
period for a “blank room” study (without air treatment system), followed by a repeat
with an air treatment system operating on maximum speed in the room.
3. Final Performance - The final performance was measured in the same manner as the
initial performance for comparison.
Initial and Final Performance
The contaminant was generated by pumping a 10,000 ppm solution of formaldehyde through
an HPLC pump and aerosolizing it into the test room. The contaminant was monitored by the
Nicolet IGS 26 meter FTIR. The test room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room”
located in Research and Development. The room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or
1100 cubic feet and is designed so that it is very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The
room is sealed and has an extremely low exchange rate. The test room was conditioned to
50% RH for all tests. Since carbon has great capacity for adsorbing water, the filter was also
conditioned with 50% RH air moving through it for at approximately 16 hours. The
temperature of the room was also conditioned at 70OF prior to the start of the test. No extra
heating or humidity was allowed during the test.
The test consists of two basic parts; contaminant injection while monitoring the room without
an air treatment system running for 60 minutes then follow with the air treatment system
running on maximum speed. Target contaminant level was approximately 5 ppm. Once
reached, the generator was turned off and the room allowed to stabilize for approximately 10
minutes. After this, the concentration was monitored for 60 minutes to determine a natural
decay for formaldehyde. Following this natural decay portion the unit was activated on
maximum speed (5) and the concentration monitored over time to determine total decay.
Filter Loading
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can treat rooms up to 390 square feet. If a 390 square foot
room had an air exchange rate of 50% per hour, it would require 2.26 milligrams per hour of
formaldehyde emitted to match the average concentration of 0.043 ppm found in the
Japanese study.
The four month life test of the filters was accelerated by loading the filters with the amount of
formaldehyde that the filter would be exposed to over a four month period (121.75 days). The
loading was done by metering a minimum of 1,100.6 milligrams per day for six days into the
test room. If a system were operated in a room with a 2.26 milligram per hour emission rate,
the filter would be exposed to 6,604 milligrams over a four month period
74
The following spreadsheet shows the calculated loading of formaldehyde into the room.
Formaldehyde Loading Calculations
CADR
Cubic feet/min
250
Cubic meters/min
7.08
Treatable Room
Square feet w/ 8 foot ceiling
Cubic feet
Square meters w/ 2.438 meter ceiling
Cubic meters
390
3120
36
87.8
Fresh Air Infiltration
Fresh Air Exchanges/hour
Cubic meters/hour
Cubic feet/hour
0.5
43.884
1560
Formaldehyde Concentration in Room
ppm
milligrams/cubic meter
0.043
0.0528
Formaldehyde Emission Rate
milligrams/hour
mg/day
mg/4 months
2.26
54.24
6604
The contaminant was generated by pumping a 10,000 ppm solution of formaldehyde through
an HPLC pump at a feed rate averaging 4.631 milligrams per hour and aerosolizing it into the
test room at 46.31 milligrams per hour of formaldehyde gas. The contaminant was monitored
by the Nicolet IGS 26 meter FTIR. The test room used was Amway’s “AHAM #1 Test Room”
located in Research and Development. The room has a volume of 31.168 cubic meters or
1100 cubic feet and is designed so that it is very similar to a standard AHAM test room. The
room is sealed and has an extremely low exchange rate. The test room was conditioned to
50% RH. The temperature of the room was also conditioned at 70OF prior to the start of the
test. No extra heating or humidity was allowed during the test. Room was cleansed and
repeated with the air treatment in the room.
Results for Single Event Testing
As can be seen in Graph 1, the total decay (unit removal and natural decay) is approximately
85% for both one and two hours. The natural decay accounts for almost 3% of the reduction
after one hour. The natural decay test was limited to one hour. The results are consistent
with other WSA3002 odor filter tests.
75
Results of Formaldehyde Loading
The results of the formaldehyde loading can be seen in Graph 2. A total of 6596.7
milligrams were injected into the test room before the test was stopped. This represents
121.6 days of operation in a 36 square meter room with a continuous concentration 0.043
ppm. Comparing the data of the empty room study with the unit running study shows that the
filter is removing 86% of the estimated contaminant from the air.
Results for Post Loading Single Event Testing
After the loading study the filter had a strong odor from the captured but not yet reacted with
formaldehyde. This is an expected outcome of the accelerated loading which used a feed
rate that was approximately 20 times higher than “normal”. The filter was bagged and set
aside to allow the treatment to react with the formaldehyde.
As can be seen in Graph 3, the post loaded filter total decay (unit removal and natural decay)
is approximately 70% at one hour and 79% after two hours. The natural decay portion of the
test was flawed because it showed a growing concentration instead of a decay. The reason
is most likely due to a small amount of liquid formaldehyde leaking from the generator into the
room. Regardless, the filter showed that it is still has room cleaning performance.
Graph 1
76
Graph 2
Graph 3
77
Conclusions
The results indicate that after exposure to 6600 milligrams of formaldehyde (estimated four
months of a 0.043ppm concentration), the odor filter still had room cleaning performance but
it had diminished from original. At one hour, the loss was about 15% from the original 85% of
total room performance (including natural decay). If the values from the test were applied to
a clean air delivery rate, then the unit demonstrated a loss of 35% of the original room
cleaning performance at the one hour mark.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
78
8. Particle filter life up to five (5) years.
Introduction
Particle filter life is affected by several factors of an air treatment system. Among the more
prominent factors are the filtration technologies employed, system airflow rate, system single
pass efficiency, and motor performance. The most accurate method for testing long filter life
is actual system use in a multitude of homes but this would require months and/or years to
obtain the results. An acceptable solution to the time issue is to accelerate the loading of the
filter where air treatment systems can be challenged with large amounts of particulate
contaminant in a very short period of time to characterize their loading versus performance.
Once this rate is determined, then computer modeling can be used to predict the
performance in rooms of homes under different operating conditions such as room size,
airflow speed, operating time and contaminate levels. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
uses a particulate sensor and can monitor the air quality, we can more accurately predict the
life of the particle filter based on room air contamination.
Test Method
The test method employed required a two prong approach of testing and modeling. The
testing portion was performed at Amway’s Ada Research and Development facility. The
results were then incorporated into a model to determine the filter life based on time, speed
and particle levels in an AHAM recommended room size of 388 square foot (8 foot ceiling).
Initial performance characteristics of airflow, CADR and filter pressure drop and weight were
obtained before the start of the test.
AC1 test dust along with 1R4F laboratory test cigarettes were used as the as the
contaminant. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier particle filter was set up in the middle of a duct
work system so that the contaminant could be injected upstream of the filter under test. The
duct work system was set to match the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier’s speed 5 airflow output
with the filter under test. The cigarettes were ignited ten at a time and injected upstream of
the filter with 10 grams of dust at a feed rate to match the burn of the cigarettes. The airflow
rate monitored as the contaminant is feed into the plenum. When the airflow of the system
drops by approximately 60 to 30 CFM the test was paused and the airflow was recorded
along with the amount of dust and cigarettes fed into the filter. The filter was then removed
from the duct work. The weight, pressure drop, airflow (in system) and CADR for smoke was
measured. The filter was then reinstalled into the plenum and the process of loading and
recording was repeated until the unit airflow dropped below 50% of its initial CADR
performance value. The results of the testing defined the loading versus performance rate
and the total amount of dust that can be collected. These factors were used as input and
limit into a mathematical model. The loading model is used to predict the time it will take to
accumulate a specified amount of particulate on the filter. The loading model is based on the
AHAM room concentration reduction model with variables for infiltration rate (air changes per
hour), outdoor concentration, natural decay rate for the contaminant, room size with an eight
foot ceiling, and time. Modifications to the model were added to account for additional inputs
for loading versus performance rate, performance loss cutoff, micrograms of contaminant per
cubic meter of room air, and mixing factor loss.
79
Results
Two AtmosphereTM Air Purifier filters were tested with the results in Graph 1. The initial
CADR performance of both filters were 252 (filter 41) and 251 (filter 79) creating an average
of 251.5 resulting in a cutoff CADR of 150.9. Filter 41 collected 160 grams before the CADR
performance cutoff was reached and filter 79 collected 174 grams. The average of the two
filters, also seen in Graph 1, was 167 grams. A third order polynomial trend line was
developed based on the average values to determine the loading rate slope. This slope was
then imported into the mathematical model to calculate the filter life based on the speed and
contamination factors.
Graph 1
The mathematical model predicts that if an AtmosphereTM Air Purifier were inserted to the 388
square foot room that had a sustainable 100 µgrams of contaminant in the air and turned on
and set to speed 5 and left to run indefinitely, the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier would reduce the
room concentration down to 19.5 µgrams in about one hour. As seen in Table 1, the particle
filter life would be 872.8 days or 2.3912 years and over that time AtmosphereTM Air Purifier
would have collected 167 grams of contaminant and delivered 188.98 million cubic feet of
purified air.
Table 1
Time
Year
2.3912
Day
872.8
Estimated
CADR Rate
150.4
Filter End of Life Results
Concentration U Grams Particulate Collected in Grams
% Remaining Remaining Average/Period
Total
28.6
28.6
2.985
167
Purified Air
Cubic Feet
188,989,230
80
Table 2 is a summary of inputs and outputs used in the model that allow the estimation of
performance over time using the “normal” particle contamination of 100 µgrams. Differing
contamination levels create a wide span on the life of the particle filter. For instance, if the
contamination level was 50 µgrams per cubic meter (Table 3) then the life for the particle filter
would be 4.78 years. Increasing the contaminant level to a ridiculous 1024 µgrams per cubic
meter (Table 4) would reduce the life of the particle filter down to just 85 days. (NOTE: For
Tables 2, 3, and 4 – see following pages the conclusions section below).
Conclusions
The mathematical model suggests that the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier’s particle filter can
indeed last longer than one year even when used continuously 24 hour a day on its highest
speed (5) in an environment with a sustainable 100 µgrams of particulate contaminant. Due
to the potential for contamination on the filter, there is a five year limit on the life of the filter.
There are four factors that determine the life of the particle filter:
1. Five year time limit
2. Operating time
3. Speed selection during operation
4. Contamination level
81
Table 2
Atmosphere 1.5 (Max Speed) particulate filter loading for Dust and smoke particulate in a 388 SF (3104 CF (20' x 19.4' x 8')) room with 1 air
Particulate Loading Model change per hour, an equilibrium continuous source of 19.5 μ grams of particulate per cubic meter (equating to 100 μ grams per cubic meter
without an ATS), a unit CADR rate of 251.499999999989 with a performance cutoff of 60% and using continuous 24 hour/day.
Performance Loss Cutoff
60.0%
Loading Rate
y = 0.00000658003308267631x 3 - 0.00323880501356433x 2 - 0.246690547521325x + 251.499999999989
19.5
100.0
μ Grams Per Cubic Meter
Grams/CF
0.00000283168
Air Changes Per Hour
1
Natural Decay Rate
0.003
Outdoor Concentration
1.18
Clean Air Delivery Rate
251.5
Mixing Factor
1
# of Rows for Calculation
76
Days
Time Inc. (Min)
22442.77
15.6
15.585255
Days
Room Length
20
Feet
Room Width
Filter End of Life Results
19.4
Feet
Concentration U Grams Particulate Collected in Grams
Room Height
Time
Estimated
8
Feet
CADR Rate % Remaining Remaining Average/Period
Square Foot (SF) =
388
Year
Day
Total
Room volume (CF) =
3104
2.3912
872.8
150.4
28.6
28.6
2.985
167
Infiltration Rates (CFM)
51.73333
Time
Estimated Estimated Mixing Factor Concentration U Grams Particulate Collected in Grams
CADR
CADR %
% Remaining Remaining
Years
Days
Hours
Minutes
Per Speed
Per Period
Total
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0
251.5
100%
100.00%
100
100.0
0
0.000000
0.0427
15.6
374.0
22443
250.7
99.68%
100.00%
19.5
19.5
3.121749
3.121749
0.0854
31.2
748.1
44886
249.8
99.34%
100.00%
19.6
19.6
3.119801
6.241550
0.1281
46.8
1122.1
67328
248.9
98.97%
100.00%
19.6
19.6
3.117693
9.359243
0.1708
62.3
1496.2
89771
247.9
98.58%
100.00%
19.7
19.7
3.115425
12.474668
0.2135
77.9
1870.2
112214
246.9
98.17%
100.00%
19.8
19.8
3.112998
15.587666
0.2562
93.5
2244.3
134657
245.8
97.73%
100.00%
19.8
19.8
3.110412
18.698078
0.2989
109.1
2618.3
157099
244.6
97.28%
100.00%
19.9
19.9
3.107669
21.805746
0.3416
124.7
2992.4
179542
243.4
96.80%
100.00%
20.0
20.0
3.104767
24.910514
0.3843
140.3
3366.4
201985
242.2
96.30%
100.00%
20.0
20.0
3.101709
28.012223
0.4270
155.9
3740.5
224428
240.9
95.78%
100.00%
20.1
20.1
3.098493
31.110715
0.4697
171.4
4114.5
246870
239.5
95.24%
100.00%
20.2
20.2
3.095119
34.205835
0.5124
187.0
4488.6
269313
238.1
94.69%
100.00%
20.3
20.3
3.091588
37.297423
0.5551
202.6
4862.6
291756
236.7
94.11%
100.00%
20.4
20.4
3.087900
40.385323
0.5978
218.2
5236.6
314199
235.2
93.52%
100.00%
20.5
20.5
3.084054
43.469377
0.6405
233.8
5610.7
336642
233.7
92.91%
100.00%
20.6
20.6
3.080050
46.549426
0.6832
249.4
5984.7
359084
232.1
92.28%
100.00%
20.7
20.7
3.075887
49.625313
0.7259
264.9
6358.8
381527
230.5
91.64%
100.00%
20.8
20.8
3.071565
52.696878
0.7686
280.5
6732.8
403970
228.8
90.98%
100.00%
20.9
20.9
3.067084
55.763962
0.8113
296.1
7106.9
426413
227.1
90.31%
100.00%
21.1
21.1
3.062443
58.826405
0.8540
311.7
7480.9
448855
225.4
89.62%
100.00%
21.2
21.2
3.057641
61.884046
0.8967
327.3
7855.0
471298
223.6
88.92%
100.00%
21.3
21.3
3.052678
64.936724
0.9394
342.9
8229.0
493741
221.8
88.20%
100.00%
21.4
21.4
3.047553
67.984277
0.9821
358.5
8603.1
516184
220.0
87.47%
100.00%
21.6
21.6
3.042265
71.026542
1.0248
374.0
8977.1
538626
218.1
86.73%
100.00%
21.7
21.7
3.036813
74.063356
1.0675
389.6
9351.2
561069
216.2
85.98%
100.00%
21.9
21.9
3.031197
77.094553
1.1102
405.2
9725.2
583512
214.3
85.22%
100.00%
22.0
22.0
3.025416
80.119969
1.1529
420.8
10099.2
605955
212.4
84.45%
100.00%
22.2
22.2
3.019468
83.139437
1.1956
436.4
10473.3
628397
210.4
83.66%
100.00%
22.3
22.3
3.013353
86.152789
1.2383
452.0
10847.3
650840
208.4
82.87%
100.00%
22.5
22.5
3.007069
89.159858
1.2810
467.6
11221.4
673283
206.4
82.07%
100.00%
22.7
22.7
3.000617
92.160475
1.3237
483.1
11595.4
695726
204.4
81.26%
100.00%
22.8
22.8
2.993994
95.154469
1.3664
498.7
11969.5
718169
202.3
80.44%
100.00%
23.0
23.0
2.987199
98.141668
1.4091
514.3
12343.5
740611
200.2
79.62%
100.00%
23.2
23.2
2.980233
101.121901
1.4518
529.9
12717.6
763054
198.1
78.79%
100.00%
23.4
23.4
2.973093
104.094994
1.4945
545.5
13091.6
785497
196.0
77.95%
100.00%
23.6
23.6
2.965779
107.060773
1.5372
561.1
13465.7
807940
193.9
77.10%
100.00%
23.7
23.7
2.958290
110.019063
1.5799
576.7
13839.7
830382
191.8
76.26%
100.00%
23.9
23.9
2.950624
112.969687
1.6226
592.2
14213.8
852825
189.6
75.40%
100.00%
24.1
24.1
2.942781
115.912468
1.6653
607.8
14587.8
875268
187.5
74.54%
100.00%
24.4
24.4
2.934760
118.847228
1.7080
623.4
14961.8
897711
185.3
73.68%
100.00%
24.6
24.6
2.926560
121.773788
1.7507
639.0
15335.9
920153
183.1
72.82%
100.00%
24.8
24.8
2.918180
124.691968
1.7934
654.6
15709.9
942596
181.0
71.95%
99.90%
25.0
25.0
2.909507
127.601475
1.8361
670.2
16084.0
965039
178.8
71.08%
99.78%
25.2
25.2
2.900633
130.502108
1.8788
685.8
16458.0
987482
176.6
70.21%
99.66%
25.5
25.5
2.891575
133.393683
1.9215
701.3
16832.1 1009925
174.4
69.34%
99.54%
25.7
25.7
2.882333
136.276015
1.9642
716.9
17206.1 1032367
172.2
68.47%
99.43%
25.9
25.9
2.872906
139.148921
2.0069
732.5
17580.2 1054810
170.0
67.59%
99.31%
26.2
26.2
2.863294
142.012215
2.0496
748.1
17954.2 1077253
167.8
66.72%
99.19%
26.4
26.4
2.853496
144.865711
2.0923
763.7
18328.3 1099696
165.6
65.85%
99.07%
26.7
26.7
2.843513
147.709225
2.1350
779.3
18702.3 1122138
163.4
64.97%
98.95%
26.9
26.9
2.833345
150.542570
2.1777
794.8
19076.4 1144581
161.2
64.10%
98.83%
27.2
27.2
2.822991
153.365561
2.2204
810.4
19450.4 1167024
159.0
63.24%
98.71%
27.4
27.4
2.812452
156.178013
2.2631
826.0
19824.4 1189467
156.9
62.37%
98.60%
27.7
27.7
2.801728
158.979741
2.3058
841.6
20198.5 1211909
154.7
61.51%
98.48%
28.0
28.0
2.790820
161.770561
2.3485
857.2
20572.5 1234352
152.5
60.65%
98.36%
28.3
28.3
2.779728
164.550289
2.3912
872.8
20946.6 1256795
150.4
59.79%
98.24%
28.6
28.6
2.768454
167.318743
Purified Air
Cubic Feet
188,989,230
Purified Air
Cubic Feet
5626368.747
11214008.62
16758879.59
22257064.6
27704770.33
33098327.8
38434193.02
43708947.38
48919298.18
54062078.86
59134249.31
64132896.06
69055232.33
73898598.16
78660460.29
83338412.09
87930173.39
92433590.23
96846634.53
101167403.7
105394120.4
109525131.5
113558908
117494044.3
121329257.3
125063385.6
128695388.8
132224346.6
135649457.6
138970038.3
142185522
145295457.8
148299508.9
151197451.6
153989173.8
156674673.2
159254056.4
161727536.6
164095432.3
166358165.3
168516259.1
170570417
172521380.5
174369975.4
176117120.6
177763826.3
179311191.6
180760401.7
182112725.8
183369514.8
184532197.9
185602280.8
186581342.3
187471032
188273067.2
188989229.8
82
Table 3
Atmosphere 1.5 (Max Speed) particulate filter loading for Dust and smoke particulate in a 388 SF (3104 CF (20' x 19.4' x 8')) room with 1 air
Particulate Loading Model change per hour, an equilibrium continuous source of 9.8 μ grams of particulate per cubic meter (equating to 50 μ grams per cubic meter
without an ATS), a unit CADR rate of 251.499999999989 with a performance cutoff of 60% and using continuous 24 hour/day.
60.0%
Performance Loss Cutoff
y = 0.00000658003308267631x 3 - 0.00323880501356433x 2 - 0.246690547521325x + 251.499999999989
Loading Rate
9.8
50.0
μ Grams Per Cubic Meter
Grams/CF
0.00000141584
Air Changes Per Hour
1
Natural Decay Rate
0.003
Outdoor Concentration
1.18
Clean Air Delivery Rate
251.5
1
Mixing Factor
76
Days
# of Rows for Calculation
Time Inc. (Min)
44885.53
31.2
31.17051
Days
Room Length
20
Feet
Room Width
Filter End of Life Results
19.4
Feet
Room Height
Time
Estimated
Concentration µ Grams
Particulate Collected in Grams
8
Feet
Square Foot (SF) =
CADR Rate % Remaining Remaining Average/Period
388
Year
Day
Total
Room volume (CF) =
3104
4.7823
1745.5
150.4
28.6
14.3
2.985
167
Infiltration Rates (CFM)
51.73333
Time
Estimated Estimated Mixing Factor Concentration U Grams Particulate Collected in Grams
CADR
CADR %
% Remaining Remaining
Years
Days
Hours
Minutes
Per Speed
Per Period
Total
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0
251.5
100%
100.00%
100
50.0
0
0.000000
0.0854
31.2
748.1
44886
250.7
99.68%
100.00%
19.5
9.8
3.121749
3.121749
0.1708
62.3
1496.2
89771
249.8
99.34%
100.00%
19.6
9.8
3.119801
6.241550
0.2562
93.5
2244.3
134657
248.9
98.97%
100.00%
19.6
9.8
3.117693
9.359243
0.3416
124.7
2992.4
179542
247.9
98.58%
100.00%
19.7
9.8
3.115425
12.474668
0.4270
155.9
3740.5
224428
246.9
98.17%
100.00%
19.8
9.9
3.112998
15.587666
0.5124
187.0
4488.6
269313
245.8
97.73%
100.00%
19.8
9.9
3.110412
18.698078
0.5978
218.2
5236.6
314199
244.6
97.28%
100.00%
19.9
9.9
3.107669
21.805746
0.6832
249.4
5984.7
359084
243.4
96.80%
100.00%
20.0
10.0
3.104767
24.910514
0.7686
280.5
6732.8
403970
242.2
96.30%
100.00%
20.0
10.0
3.101709
28.012223
0.8540
311.7
7480.9
448855
240.9
95.78%
100.00%
20.1
10.1
3.098493
31.110715
0.9394
342.9
8229.0
493741
239.5
95.24%
100.00%
20.2
10.1
3.095119
34.205835
1.0248
374.0
8977.1
538626
238.1
94.69%
100.00%
20.3
10.2
3.091588
37.297423
1.1102
405.2
9725.2
583512
236.7
94.11%
100.00%
20.4
10.2
3.087900
40.385323
1.1956
436.4
10473.3
628397
235.2
93.52%
100.00%
20.5
10.3
3.084054
43.469377
1.2810
467.6
11221.4
673283
233.7
92.91%
100.00%
20.6
10.3
3.080050
46.549426
1.3664
498.7
11969.5
718169
232.1
92.28%
100.00%
20.7
10.4
3.075887
49.625313
1.4518
529.9
12717.6
763054
230.5
91.64%
100.00%
20.8
10.4
3.071565
52.696878
1.5372
561.1
13465.7
807940
228.8
90.98%
100.00%
20.9
10.5
3.067084
55.763962
1.6226
592.2
14213.8
852825
227.1
90.31%
100.00%
21.1
10.5
3.062443
58.826405
1.7080
623.4
14961.8
897711
225.4
89.62%
100.00%
21.2
10.6
3.057641
61.884046
1.7934
654.6
15709.9
942596
223.6
88.92%
100.00%
21.3
10.7
3.052678
64.936724
1.8788
685.8
16458.0
987482
221.8
88.20%
100.00%
21.4
10.7
3.047553
67.984277
1.9642
716.9
17206.1 1032367
220.0
87.47%
100.00%
21.6
10.8
3.042265
71.026542
2.0496
748.1
17954.2 1077253
218.1
86.73%
100.00%
21.7
10.9
3.036813
74.063356
2.1350
779.3
18702.3 1122138
216.2
85.98%
100.00%
21.9
10.9
3.031197
77.094553
2.2204
810.4
19450.4 1167024
214.3
85.22%
100.00%
22.0
11.0
3.025416
80.119969
2.3058
841.6
20198.5 1211909
212.4
84.45%
100.00%
22.2
11.1
3.019468
83.139437
2.3912
872.8
20946.6 1256795
210.4
83.66%
100.00%
22.3
11.2
3.013353
86.152789
2.4766
903.9
21694.7 1301680
208.4
82.87%
100.00%
22.5
11.2
3.007069
89.159858
2.5620
935.1
22442.8 1346566
206.4
82.07%
100.00%
22.7
11.3
3.000617
92.160475
2.6474
966.3
23190.9 1391452
204.4
81.26%
100.00%
22.8
11.4
2.993994
95.154469
2.7328
997.5
23939.0 1436337
202.3
80.44%
100.00%
23.0
11.5
2.987199
98.141668
2.8182
1028.6
24687.0 1481223
200.2
79.62%
100.00%
23.2
11.6
2.980233
101.121901
2.9036
1059.8
25435.1 1526108
198.1
78.79%
100.00%
23.4
11.7
2.973093
104.094994
2.9890
1091.0
26183.2 1570994
196.0
77.95%
100.00%
23.6
11.8
2.965779
107.060773
3.0744
1122.1
26931.3 1615879
193.9
77.10%
100.00%
23.7
11.9
2.958290
110.019063
3.1598
1153.3
27679.4 1660765
191.8
76.26%
100.00%
23.9
12.0
2.950624
112.969687
3.2451
1184.5
28427.5 1705650
189.6
75.40%
100.00%
24.1
12.1
2.942781
115.912468
3.3305
1215.6
29175.6 1750536
187.5
74.54%
100.00%
24.4
12.2
2.934760
118.847228
3.4159
1246.8
29923.7 1795421
185.3
73.68%
100.00%
24.6
12.3
2.926560
121.773788
3.5013
1278.0
30671.8 1840307
183.1
72.82%
100.00%
24.8
12.4
2.918180
124.691968
3.5867
1309.2
31419.9 1885192
181.0
71.95%
99.90%
25.0
12.5
2.909507
127.601475
3.6721
1340.3
32168.0 1930078
178.8
71.08%
99.78%
25.2
12.6
2.900633
130.502108
3.7575
1371.5
32916.1 1974964
176.6
70.21%
99.66%
25.5
12.7
2.891575
133.393683
3.8429
1402.7
33664.2 2019849
174.4
69.34%
99.54%
25.7
12.8
2.882333
136.276015
3.9283
1433.8
34412.2 2064735
172.2
68.47%
99.43%
25.9
13.0
2.872906
139.148921
4.0137
1465.0
35160.3 2109620
170.0
67.59%
99.31%
26.2
13.1
2.863294
142.012215
4.0991
1496.2
35908.4 2154506
167.8
66.72%
99.19%
26.4
13.2
2.853496
144.865711
4.1845
1527.4
36656.5 2199391
165.6
65.85%
99.07%
26.7
13.3
2.843513
147.709225
4.2699
1558.5
37404.6 2244277
163.4
64.97%
98.95%
26.9
13.5
2.833345
150.542570
4.3553
1589.7
38152.7 2289162
161.2
64.10%
98.83%
27.2
13.6
2.822991
153.365561
4.4407
1620.9
38900.8 2334048
159.0
63.24%
98.71%
27.4
13.7
2.812452
156.178013
4.5261
1652.0
39648.9 2378933
156.9
62.37%
98.60%
27.7
13.9
2.801728
158.979741
4.6115
1683.2
40397.0 2423819
154.7
61.51%
98.48%
28.0
14.0
2.790820
161.770561
4.6969
1714.4
41145.1 2468704
152.5
60.65%
98.36%
28.3
14.1
2.779728
164.550289
4.7823
1745.5
41893.2 2513590
150.4
59.79%
98.24%
28.6
14.3
2.768454
167.318743
Purified Air
Cubic Feet
377,978,460
Purified Air
Cubic Feet
11252737.49
22428017.24
33517759.17
44514129.2
55409540.65
66196655.61
76868386.03
87417894.77
97838596.36
108124157.7
118268498.6
128265792.1
138110464.7
147797196.3
157320920.6
166676824.2
175860346.8
184867180.5
193693269.1
202334807.5
210788240.7
219050262.9
227117816
234988088.6
242658514.6
250126771.2
257390777.7
264448693.3
271298915.2
277940076.5
284371044
290590915.6
296599017.8
302394903.3
307978347.5
313349346.4
318508112.8
323455073.2
328190864.5
332716330.6
337032518.2
341140834
345042761
348739950.7
352234241.2
355527652.7
358622383.2
361520803.3
364225451.7
366739029.6
369064395.8
371204561.6
373162684.6
374942064.1
376546134.4
377978459.6
83
Table 4
Atmosphere 1.5 (Max Speed) particulate filter loading for Dust and smoke particulate in a 388 SF (3104 CF (20' x 19.4' x 8')) room with 1 air
Particulate Loading Model change per hour, an equilibrium continuous source of 200 μ grams of particulate per cubic meter (equating to 1024 μ grams per cubic meter
without an ATS), a unit CADR rate of 251.499999999989 with a performance cutoff of 60% and using continuous 24 hour/day.
60.0%
Performance Loss Cutoff
y = 0.00000658003308267631x 3 - 0.00323880501356433x 2 - 0.246690547521325x + 251.499999999989
Loading Rate
200.0
1024.0
μ Grams Per Cubic Meter
Grams/CF
0.00002899640
1
Air Changes Per Hour
0.003
Natural Decay Rate
1.18
Outdoor Concentration
251.5
Clean Air Delivery Rate
1
Mixing Factor
76
Days
# of Rows for Calculation
2189.887
1.5
1.5207551
Days
Time Inc. (Min)
20
Feet
Room Length
19.4
Feet
Room Width
Filter End of Life Results
8
Feet
Room Height
Time
Estimated
Concentration µ Grams Particulate Collected in Grams
388
Year
Day
Total
Square Foot (SF) =
CADR Rate % Remaining Remaining Average/Period
3104
0.2333
85.2
150.5
28.5
292.3
2.983
167
Room volume (CF) =
51.73333
Infiltration Rates (CFM)
Time
Estimated Estimated Mixing Factor Concentration U Grams Particulate Collected in Grams
Years
Days
Hours
Minutes
Per Speed
Per Period
Total
CADR
CADR %
% Remaining Remaining
0.0000
0.0
0.0
0
251.5
100%
100.00%
100
1024.0
0
0.000000
0.0042
1.5
36.5
2190
250.7
99.68%
100.00%
19.5
200.0
3.119201
3.119201
0.0083
3.0
73.0
4380
249.8
99.34%
100.00%
19.6
200.5
3.117256
6.236457
0.0125
4.6
109.5
6570
248.9
98.97%
100.00%
19.6
201.1
3.115151
9.351608
0.0167
6.1
146.0
8760
247.9
98.58%
100.00%
19.7
201.7
3.112887
12.464495
0.0208
7.6
182.5
10949
246.9
98.17%
100.00%
19.8
202.3
3.110465
15.574960
0.0250
9.1
219.0
13139
245.8
97.74%
100.00%
19.8
203.0
3.107884
18.682844
0.0292
10.6
255.5
15329
244.7
97.28%
100.00%
19.9
203.7
3.105146
21.787990
0.0333
12.2
292.0
17519
243.5
96.80%
100.00%
20.0
204.5
3.102250
24.890240
0.0375
13.7
328.5
19709
242.2
96.30%
100.00%
20.0
205.3
3.099197
27.989437
0.0417
15.2
365.0
21899
240.9
95.79%
100.00%
20.1
206.1
3.095987
31.085424
0.0458
16.7
401.5
24089
239.5
95.25%
100.00%
20.2
207.0
3.092621
34.178045
0.0500
18.2
438.0
26279
238.1
94.69%
100.00%
20.3
208.0
3.089097
37.267142
0.0542
19.8
474.5
28469
236.7
94.12%
100.00%
20.4
208.9
3.085416
40.352558
0.0583
21.3
511.0
30658
235.2
93.52%
100.00%
20.5
209.9
3.081578
43.434136
0.0625
22.8
547.5
32848
233.7
92.92%
100.00%
20.6
211.0
3.077582
46.511718
0.0667
24.3
584.0
35038
232.1
92.29%
100.00%
20.7
212.1
3.073428
49.585146
0.0708
25.9
620.5
37228
230.5
91.65%
100.00%
20.8
213.2
3.069115
52.654261
0.0750
27.4
657.0
39418
228.8
90.99%
100.00%
20.9
214.4
3.064644
55.718904
0.0792
28.9
693.5
41608
227.1
90.32%
100.00%
21.1
215.6
3.060012
58.778917
0.0833
30.4
730.0
43798
225.4
89.63%
100.00%
21.2
216.9
3.055221
61.834137
0.0875
31.9
766.5
45988
223.7
88.93%
100.00%
21.3
218.2
3.050268
64.884406
0.0917
33.5
803.0
48178
221.9
88.21%
100.00%
21.4
219.6
3.045154
67.929560
0.0958
35.0
839.5
50367
220.0
87.49%
100.00%
21.6
221.0
3.039878
70.969438
0.1000
36.5
876.0
52557
218.2
86.75%
100.00%
21.7
222.4
3.034438
74.003876
0.1042
38.0
912.5
54747
216.3
86.00%
100.00%
21.9
223.9
3.028834
77.032711
0.1083
39.5
949.0
56937
214.4
85.24%
100.00%
22.0
225.4
3.023066
80.055776
0.1125
41.1
985.4
59127
212.4
84.46%
100.00%
22.2
227.0
3.017131
83.072907
0.1167
42.6
1021.9
61317
210.5
83.68%
100.00%
22.3
228.6
3.011029
86.083937
0.1208
44.1
1058.4
63507
208.5
82.89%
100.00%
22.5
230.2
3.004760
89.088697
0.1250
45.6
1094.9
65697
206.5
82.09%
100.00%
22.7
231.9
2.998322
92.087019
0.1292
47.1
1131.4
67887
204.4
81.28%
100.00%
22.8
233.7
2.991714
95.078732
0.1333
48.7
1167.9
70076
202.4
80.46%
100.00%
23.0
235.5
2.984935
98.063667
0.1375
50.2
1204.4
72266
200.3
79.64%
100.00%
23.2
237.3
2.977984
101.041651
0.1417
51.7
1240.9
74456
198.2
78.81%
100.00%
23.4
239.2
2.970861
104.012512
0.1458
53.2
1277.4
76646
196.1
77.97%
100.00%
23.5
241.1
2.963563
106.976075
0.1500
54.7
1313.9
78836
194.0
77.13%
100.00%
23.7
243.1
2.956091
109.932166
0.1542
56.3
1350.4
81026
191.8
76.28%
100.00%
23.9
245.1
2.948443
112.880610
0.1583
57.8
1386.9
83216
189.7
75.43%
100.00%
24.1
247.2
2.940618
115.821228
0.1625
59.3
1423.4
85406
187.5
74.57%
100.00%
24.3
249.3
2.932616
118.753844
0.1667
60.8
1459.9
87595
185.4
73.71%
100.00%
24.6
251.5
2.924435
121.678279
0.1708
62.4
1496.4
89785
183.2
72.85%
100.00%
24.8
253.7
2.916075
124.594353
0.1750
63.9
1532.9
91975
181.0
71.98%
99.90%
25.0
255.9
2.907425
127.501779
0.1792
65.4
1569.4
94165
178.8
71.11%
99.78%
25.2
258.2
2.898572
130.400351
0.1833
66.9
1605.9
96355
176.7
70.24%
99.67%
25.4
260.5
2.889535
133.289886
0.1875
68.4
1642.4
98545
174.5
69.37%
99.55%
25.7
262.9
2.880315
136.170201
0.1917
70.0
1678.9
100735
172.3
68.50%
99.43%
25.9
265.4
2.870910
139.041111
0.1958
71.5
1715.4
102925
170.1
67.63%
99.31%
26.2
267.8
2.861321
141.902432
0.2000
73.0
1751.9
105115
167.9
66.75%
99.19%
26.4
270.4
2.851546
144.753979
0.2042
74.5
1788.4
107304
165.7
65.88%
99.07%
26.7
273.0
2.841587
147.595565
0.2083
76.0
1824.9
109494
163.5
65.01%
98.96%
26.9
275.6
2.831442
150.427008
0.2125
77.6
1861.4
111684
161.3
64.14%
98.84%
27.2
278.3
2.821113
153.248121
0.2167
79.1
1897.9
113874
159.1
63.27%
98.72%
27.4
281.0
2.810599
156.058720
0.2208
80.6
1934.4
116064
157.0
62.41%
98.60%
27.7
283.7
2.799900
158.858620
0.2250
82.1
1970.9
118254
154.8
61.55%
98.48%
28.0
286.6
2.789018
161.647637
0.2292
83.6
2007.4
120444
152.6
60.69%
98.37%
28.3
289.4
2.777952
164.425589
0.2333
85.2
2043.9
122634
150.5
59.83%
98.25%
28.5
292.3
2.766704
167.192293
Purified Air
Cubic Feet
18,452,976
Purified Air
Cubic Feet
549003.0307
1094230.443
1635288.654
2171796.051
2703383.063
3229692.227
3750378.239
4265108.006
4773560.685
5275427.715
5770412.841
6258232.134
6738614
7211299.187
7676040.775
8132604.173
8580767.096
9020319.547
9451063.782
9872814.276
10285397.68
10688652.75
11082430.35
11466593.3
11841016.38
12205586.23
12560201.25
12904771.52
13239218.71
13563475.99
13877487.88
14181210.15
14474609.74
14757664.54
15030363.34
15292705.63
15544701.48
15786371.35
16017745.96
16238866.09
16449782.42
16650562.85
16841279.56
17022012.68
17192851.42
17353893.88
17505246.78
17647025.28
17779352.73
17902360.39
18016187.2
18120979.54
18216890.92
18304081.74
18382719.02
18452976.06
84
9. Low power consumption with ENERGY STAR® Rating
Introduction
Air treatment systems are appliances that consume electricity in the process of moving air
and removing contaminants. The need for more energy efficient appliances is becoming
more evident with rising energy costs, recognition of limited resources, and the effects of
greenhouse gas emissions from our electrical power plants. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the United States Department of Energy (US
DOE) recognized this need and have combined efforts to work with more than one thousand
manufactures to determine the energy performance levels that must be met for a product to
earn the ENERGY STAR®. The EPA and the DOE only permit use of the label in product
categories where the efficient products offer the features and performance consumers want
and provide a reasonable payback if the initial purchase price is higher. Currently, the
ENERGY STAR® label can be found on products in more than 35 categories for the home
and workplace. The EPA, in July of 2004, released a product specification that allows room
air treatment systems to earn the ENERGY STAR® mark. Room air treatment systems that
earn the ENERGY STAR® mark will be approximately 35% more energy efficient than
standard models. The US EPA developed the product specification as a result of increased
consumer interest in these products, significant energy savings potential, and interest from
manufacturers in producing more energy efficient products.
Qualifying models must produce a minimum 50 CADR for Dust and produce no more than 50
ppb of ozone as a byproduct of air cleaning (UL Standard 867) to be considered. Qualifying
units must consume less than or equal to 2 Watts of power while in standby mode and deliver
greater than or equal to 2.0 CADR/Watt (Dust) per the ANSI/AHAM AC-1 test protocol.
Low power consumption coupled with ENERGY STAR® Rating
 High speed power consumption with be lower than 50 watts with effective room
cleaning performance.
 Low speed power consumption will be lower than 5 watts.
 Off Mode power consumption will be lower than 2 watts.
The following table (Table 1) represents the design goals for airflow and power consumption
for the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier. To satisfy regulations the power consumption of the unit
must be within 20% of the maximum claimed value
Table 1
Unit
Atmosphere Air Purifier Claims
Speed
Airflow
Airflow
Airflow
CFM
M3/H
M3/M
5
4
3
2
1
Off
250
200
150
100
50
0
7.08
5.66
4.25
2.83
1.42
424.8
339.8
254.9
169.9
85.0
Power
Watts
40
22
13
7.3
4.5
<2
85
Test Method
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier power consumption was measured in the Airflow/Gas lab, of
Access Business Group, during airflow measurements using the Torrington FM950 Wind
Tunnel built and calibrated to the ANSI/ASHRAE 51-1985, ANSI/AMCA 210-85 standards.
The power was measured with the Yokagawa 2534 true RMS power meter. The
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was mounted so that the outlet of the unit pushes air into the wind
tunnel and sealed so that there are no air leaks. The wind tunnel is turned on and set to
Automatic mode to follow the airflow of the device under test. The unit is then turned on at
the desired speed and allowed to warm up for 30 minutes before airflow and power
measurements are taken. Subsequent speed changes are given a five minute equilibrating
time before measurements are taken.
Results
The averaged results of the laboratory testing have been compiled from three different builds
including low voltage plant trial, high voltage plant trial, and samples from the Amway
Manufacturing plant in China. These results can be seen in Tables 3, 4 and 5, respectively,
with the total weighted averages summarized in Table 2. Note that the airflow measurements
were taken in CFM and converted to cubic meters per minute (M3/M) and cubic meters per
hour (M3/H).
Table 2
Table 3
Total Claims Testing 46 Unit Weighted Average
Unit
Speed
Airflow
Airflow
Airflow
Power
CFM
M3/M
Watts
M3/H
Average
5
4
3
2
1
Off
254.4
203.5
152.3
103.5
51.2
Std Dev
5
4
3
2
1
Off
2.76
2.31
2.34
1.66
1.69
7.20
5.76
4.31
2.93
1.45
432.2
345.7
258.8
175.8
87.0
42.9
25.6
14.2
7.9
4.3
1.08
1.07
0.69
0.50
0.33
0.17
0.10
Table 4
115 VAC 60Hz Claims Testing 10 Unit Average - WR01451
Unit
Speed
Airflow
Airflow
Airflow
Power
Watts
CFM
M3/M
M3/H
Average
5
4
3
2
1
Off
250.5
199.8
149.7
100.4
49.6
Std Dev
5
4
3
2
1
Off
3.14
3.09
2.24
1.44
1.06
7.09
5.66
4.24
2.84
1.41
425.6
339.4
254.3
170.6
84.3
43.1
25.4
13.9
7.3
3.6
0.87
0.60
0.64
0.43
0.37
0.07
0.12
Table 5
230VAC 50 Hz Claims Testing 16 Unit Average WR01458
Unit
Speed
Airflow
Airflow
Airflow
Power
Watts
CFM
M3/M
M3/H
Average
5
4
3
2
1
Off
261.9
209.7
156.6
106.9
53.3
0.0
Std Dev
5
4
3
2
1
Off
3.79
2.66
2.92
2.29
1.95
7.41
5.94
4.43
3.03
1.51
444.9
356.3
266.1
181.7
90.5
43.4
26.1
14.7
8.3
4.6
1.11
0.96
0.48
0.38
0.23
0.20
0.08
China Claims Testing 20 Unit Average - WR01485
Unit
Speed
Airflow
Airflow
Airflow
Power
Watts
CFM
M3/M
M3/H
Average
5
4
3
2
1
Off
250.4
200.4
150.1
102.2
50.4
Std Dev
5
4
3
2
1
Off
1.73
1.65
1.93
1.25
1.79
7.09
5.67
4.25
2.90
1.43
425.4
340.4
255.1
173.7
85.6
42.3
25.2
14.1
7.8
4.3
1.17
1.39
0.89
0.63
0.39
0.20
0.11
86
Using the average values for all 46 units we can compare the amount of air cleaned with the
amount of power consumed over time. Table 6 compares the air moved or cleaned over time
in US terms of CFM. Table 7 compares the air moved or cleaned over time in metric terms.
The tables contain per speed selection the estimated airflow cleaned and kilowatts of
electrical power consumed per day, year and over the 10 year design life of the product. The
energy costs then can be estimated based on the average cost of energy per kilowatt in any
region of the world.
Table 6
Speed
5
4
3
Airflow
CFM CMM
254.4 7.20
203.5 5.76
152.3 4.31
Power
Watts
42.9
25.6
14.2
2
103.5
2.93
7.9
1
51.2
1.45
4.3
Stand By
0
Atmosphere Air Purifier 1.5
Performance
CADR/ Watt/
Cubic Feet of Air
Per Year
Watt CADR Per Day
5.94
0.17 366,320 133,798,507
7.96
0.13 293,015 107,023,713
10.69 0.09 219,312 80,103,708
13.15 0.08 149,015 54,427,713
12.05
0.08
73,753
26,938,299
Energy
Cleaned
KWatt Consumed
10 Years
Per Day Per Year 10 Years
1,337,985,070
1.03
376
3,756
1,070,237,129
0.61
224
2,241
801,037,080
0.34
125
1,249
544,277,129
0.19
69
690
269,382,991
0.10
37
373
0.03
10
95
1.08
Table 7
Speed
Airflow
CFM
CMM
Power
Watts
Atmosphere Air Purifier 1.5
Performance
Cubic Meters of Air Cleaned
CADR/ Watt/
per day
per year
10 years
Watt CADR
5.94
0.17
10,373
3,788,752
37,887,523
7.96
0.13
8,297
3,030,574
30,305,744
5
254.4
7.20
42.9
4
203.5
5.76
25.6
3
152.3
4.31
14.2
10.69
0.09
6,210
2,268,285
2
103.5
2.93
7.9
13.15
0.08
4,220
1
Stand By
51.2
0
1.45
4.3
1.08
12.05
0.08
2,088
Energy
KWatt Consumed
Per Day Per Year 10 Years
1.03
376
3,756
0.61
224
2,241
22,682,847
0.34
125
1,249
1,541,221
15,412,214
0.19
69
690
762,808
7,628,078
0.10
0.03
37
10
373
95
To offer some independent laboratory corroboration, an AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was sent to
Tsinghua University’s Center for Building Environment Testing for testing of hydrogen sulfur
removal in January 14th of 2014. Using the China National Standard test method
GB/T18801-2008 Air Cleaner the power consumption was documented at 41.2 watts in report
I14-009J.
Additionally in an AHAM validation test report (G101295288CRT-001) referencing room
cleaning performance by Intertek on August 22, 2013, three AtmosphereTM Air Purifiers were
tested for removal of smoke, dust and pollen in the ANSI/AHAM AC-1-2006 along with power
consumption. In the six tests the power consumption values ranged from 40.7 to 43.3 watts
of electrical power consumption.
Tables 8 and 9 show the results for six AtmosphereTM Air Purifiers at Intertek (reports
G101295288CRT-001 and -001A). The conclusion from Intertek was, “Qualifying air cleaners
must have a minimum 50 CADR (Dust) and CADR/watts must be ≥ 2 (Dust). These results illustrate
that this sample meets the ENERGY STAR® Program performance requirements.”
87
Table 8
Test
Sample
Test
Voltage
Test
Frequency
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
100.1
100.1
100.0
50
50
50
Test
Sample
Test
Voltage
Test
Frequency
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
120.1
120.1
120.1
60
60
60
Ambient
Test
Temperature
°F
71
73
70
Ambient
Humidity
%RH
Dust
CADR
Watts
Dust
CADR/Watt
40
44
41
249.2
248.8
245.5
41.3
40.7
41.4
6.03
6.11
5.93
Ambient
Test
Temperature
°F
70
72
70
Ambient
Humidity
%RH
Dust
CADR
Watts
Dust
CADR/Watt
41
39
45
246.1
238.3
248.6
42.1
43.1
43.3
5.8
5.5
5.7
Table 9
Conclusions
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier delivers on the design goals and is very power efficient. Out of
the three plant trials, a total of 46 units were tested on all 5 speeds. All maximum speed
values were under the 50 watt target and within the required +20% allowable variation. Low
speed power consumption average under the targeted 5 watts and off mode was under the
required 2 watts. Based on the airflow rate it will deliver excellent room cleaning performance
as well.
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier meets the ENERGY STAR® criteria. The CADR Dust value is
greater than 50, with a rated CADR Dust of 250. The CADR Dust / Watts ratio is greater than
2, with the results averaging 5.8. Standby power is lower than 2, with results averaging 0.9
watts. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is qualified to carry the ENERGY STAR® label.
The results from the independent laboratories corroborate and demonstrate the accuracy of
the Access Business Group laboratory power measurements.
The ENERGY STAR® label is used as part of a government-backed program helping
businesses and individuals protect the environment through superior energy efficiency, for
more information visit the web site at http://www.energystar.gov
88
10. Reduces exposure to over 90 allergens, pollen, bacteria, viruses,
irritants, and carcinogens.
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is designed to reduce a wide range of potential airborne
contamination including allergens. Partnering with an internationally recognized allergy
organization allows for both AtmosphereTM Air Purifier and the allergy organization more
exposure to help raise awareness.
Allergy UK is the operational name of The British Allergy Foundation. Their main
endorsement is the 'Seal of Approval'. The Seal of Approval endorsement was created in
order to provide people seeking advice, with the guidance that a product specifically restricts,
reduces, and removes allergens from the environment or has significantly reduced allergen
content. Allergy UK’s Seal of Approval provides members of the public with guidance when
purchasing products.
The Seal of Approval is an internationally recognized endorsement, with extremely high
standards. Testing is completely independent and carried out by scientific experts, and
carries with it a responsibility to ensure that the products that are endorsed with the Seal of
Approval are worthy recipients. When you see a product with the Allergy UK logo on it, you
have the reassurance the product has been tested to prove it is efficient at reducing/removing
allergens from the environment.
There are two ways to obtain the British Allergy Seal of Approval the product must be able to
be tested, with a proven, measurable result of restricting or removing allergens.
The first is testing that is carried out by an independent laboratory to protocols which have
been created for the Seal of Approval by leading allergy specialists. The second way is a
review of test results by Allergy Research Limited of testing that has already been completed.
Results
The complete claims package of AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was submitted to Allergy UK for
review by Allergy Research Limited and based on the documented evidence the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was awarded the British Allergy Foundation Seal of Approval for
particle sizes 0.009 microns and larger and specifically for the list of 94 contaminants found in
Appendix F of the Seal of Approval.
Conclusions
The following two statements are examples that would be approved by Allergy UK:

Suitable for allergy sufferers as AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has been scientifically
proven to reduce exposure to allergens.

Suitable for allergy sufferers as part of a management plan.
89
Endorsement by Allergy UK indicates that an individual’s exposure can be reduced but
this does not mean that an individual’s allergic symptoms will necessarily diminish.
Allergy UK’s opinion applies only to the products and allergens stated. Products
should be used only for their intended purpose and strictly in accordance with the
manufactures instructions at all times.
Allergy UK has guidelines that describe the basic rules of reproducing the Seal of Approval
brand identity. When using this Seal of Approval contact Amway Global Marketing for
approval and or direction in its use.
Additional information on the British Allergy Foundation can be found at
http://www.allergyuk.org/ . It should be noted that The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier should be
used in an appropriate room size and at an appropriate fan setting.
While the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier can effectively reduce the potential airborne contaminants listed
above, the ability of any air cleaner to reduce airborne contaminants is limited to those airborne
contaminants that are drawn into the system. Since the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a room air
cleaner, your exposure to these and other potential airborne contaminants, and their associated
health risks, will not be completely eliminated by the use of this product.
90
11. On average, the carbon odor filter will have over 1.16 million square
meters or 12.53 million square feet of surface area.
Introduction
The carbon used in the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is a highly activated granular coconut
carbon that has a patented blend of treatments applied (US. Coconut carbon is chosen
because it offers a wide range of pore sizes allowing it to be effective against a wide variety
of odors and chemicals. The carbon is activated which is a process of applying high heat and
steam to burn off the pore blocking structures. This creates a porous three dimensional
structure that is beneficial in attracting odors and chemicals. One of the mechanisms for the
reduction of odors or chemicals is attraction and adhesion to the surface of the carbon, called
adsorption. These contaminants aren’t absorbed inside but adsorbed on the surface making
surface area a very important component in carbon performance.
Test Method
A BET isotherm test was performed at an independent lab on the surface area of the
AtmosphereTM Air Purifier carbon after it is treated with the patented blend of catalysts and
chemisorbants. A specified batch size of carbon is used for the test. The results are
calculated based on equivalent to that used for the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier carbon filter. An
extrapolation from testing on a sample of the same highly activated granular coconut carbon
as used in the AtmosphereTM Air Purifier provides the estimated surface area.
Results
The BET estimated surface area of the treated carbon used in AtmosphereTM Air Purifier is
884.7417 square meters per gram.
Discussion
The specified weight of the odor filter is targeted at 1315 grams (2.90 +/-0.06 lbs) of the
treated granular activated carbon. Multiplying the treated carbon surface area (884.7417
square meters per gram) by weight (1315 grams) of carbon per filter equals 1,163,805 square
meters or 12,527,093 square feet of surface area per filter.
In terms of US football fields the surface area would equate to 261 fields factoring a 100 by
53.3 yard football field.
For soccer fields this surface area would equate to 161 fields based on a 115 yard (105.156
meter) by 75 yard (68.58 meter) soccer field.
Another way of expressing this would be to equate the surface area to that of a road. If a two
lane road were 26 feet wide, then the surface area of the carbon filter would be 91 miles long.
If meters were used and the road was 8 meters wide, then the resulting surface area
equivalent would be 145 kilometers long.
The following are the 3rd party test results for the carbon used in the AtmosphereTM Air
Purifier odor filter.
91
92
93
V. CERTIFICATIONS AND APPROVALS
Agency and government approvals per requirements of each market: Various agencies
and governments have mandatory and voluntary approvals for product safety and
performance. The following listings were last updated in March 2014.
1. IEC60335-1/IEC 60335-2-65
2. S-mark/PSE
3. BSMI
4. KTC/MEPS
5. RCM
6. UL
7. AHAM
8. ENERGY STAR®
9. British Allergy UK
Certification/Approval Abstracts and Reports
Certification/Approval 1: IEC60335-1/IEC 60335-2-65
Complies with International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) safety standard 603351/60335-2-65: Safety of Household and Similar Electrical Appliances/ Particular
Requirements for Air-Cleaning Appliances. The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier was submitted to
UL International Italia for testing for compliance to IEC 60335-1/60335-2-65, “Safety of
household and similar electrical appliances. Part 2: Particular requirements for air-cleaning
appliances.” The testing was performed according to the CB scheme to allow the use of the
test report as a basis for approval by various agencies in our desired Markets in Asia and
Australia/New Zealand. As a result of the successful testing, CB reports 13NK03956-1 and
13NK03956-2 were issued indicating the product meets the requirements of the standard.
The CB Test Certificates are attached.
Certification/Approval 2: S-mark/PSE
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier for Japan (model 101076J) has received certification for the Smark. The S-Mark is a Voluntary Safety certification scheme administered for electrical
products. AtmosphereTM Air Purifier also meets the standard for the PSE mark. PSE is a
mandatory mark according to the Electrical Appliance and material safety Law (DENAN). It is
administered by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) PSE stands for
Product Safety Electrical Appliance & Material.
Certification / Approval 3: BSMI
The Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection (BSMI) under the Ministry of Economic
Affairs is the authority responsible for standardization, metrology and product inspection in
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Taiwan. The activities of the BSMI encompass the development of national standards, the
verification of weights and measuring instruments, the inspection of commodities and the
provision of other certification or testing services.
In an effort to enhance industrial competitiveness, maintain fair trade, and protect consumers
as well as ensuring sustainable economic development, the Bureau of Standards, Metrology
and Inspection under the Ministry of Economic Affairs has been dedicated to promoting
standardization, metrology and inspection systems in line with international practices. These
efforts provide a sound foundation for local industries and government agencies to better
tackle the impact and challenges brought on by the process of globalization.
Certification / Approval 4: KTC/MEPS
Korea Testing Certification (KTC) has been dedicated to enhancing safety and quality of
electric and electronic products, having up-to-date technology accumulated so far along with
the cutting-edge facilities equipped with high capability and properties, ever since its
inception in 1970 as a National Official Professional Testing Research Institute.
The Electric Appliance Safety Control Act was amended (Act 6019, proclaimed on September
7, 1999) to enhance safety control regarding the manufacture and use of electrical appliances
and to harmonize safety requirements with international standards which will, in turn, facilitate
the implementation of mutual recognition agreements on conformity assessment. The new
law entered into effect as of July 1st in the year 2000. The electrical appliances safety
certification system is in force based on "Electrical Appliances Safety Control law" and
electrical products can be manufactured and placed on market acquisition of safety
certification.
Certification/Approval 5: RCM
RCM - The RCM Mark is a graphic symbol indicating that a product meets applicable
regulatory requirements (electrical safety under State Electricity Acts, Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) and radio communications requirements under the Australian Radio
communications Act and New Zealand Radio communications Regulations).
Certification/Approval 6: UL
UL mark - Underwriters Laboratory, AtmosphereTM Air Purifier for the US market meets the
safety standards for UL 507, Electric Fans.
UL is a global independent safety science company with more than a century of expertise
innovating safety solutions from the public adoption of electricity to new breakthroughs in
sustainability, renewable energy and nanotechnology. Dedicated to promoting safe living and
working environments, UL helps safeguard people, products and places in important ways,
facilitating trade and providing peace of mind.
Certification/Approval 7: AHAM
See Claim Abstract #1
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Certification/Approval 8: ENERGY STAR®
See Claim Abstract #9
Certification/Approval 9:
British Allergy UK
See Claim Abstract #10
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CB Test Certificates
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S-Mark Certificate
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BSMI Certifcate
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KTC Certificate
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UL Certificate
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VI. PATENTS
Introduction
The AtmosphereTM Air Purifier has a number of unique features. Applications for patents
were filed on several of the features. Following is a list of the US granted or pending patents.
The first page of each granted patent is included for reference.
7,316,732: AIR TREATMENT FILTER AND RELATED METHOD – Granted – This
application is directed towards an activated carbon filter. Also provided is a method to
treat a gas stream with the filter.
7,537,649,B2: AIR TREATMENT SYSTEM – Granted – This application relates a
sensor air passage utilizing a low pressure region created by the blower to draw air
through the passage.
7,629,548,B2: CONTROL PANEL ASSEMBLY – Granted – This application is directed
towards a control panel assembly, and more particularly, towards a control panel
assembly for an air treatment system.
7,828,868: BLOWER GASKET – Granted – This application is directed towards a
gasket positioned between the blower and the housing, forming a seal between the
blower and the housing.
7,833,309: FILTER FRAME ENGAGEMENT – Granted – This application is directed
towards a filter frame including a plurality of connectors formed integrally with the filter
frame.
7,837,773: REMOTE CONTROL HOLDER – Granted – This application is directed
towards a remote control holder formed integrally with the housing.
7,888,614: CONTROL PANEL ASSEMBLY – Granted – This application is directed
towards a control panel assembly with an integrated sphere, and more particularly,
towards a control panel assembly for an air treatment system.
8,021,469: CONTROL METHODS FOR CALIBRATING MOTOR SPEED – Granted –
This application relates to control systems and methods using feedback to more
precisely control blower output.
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8,092,575: CONTROL METHODS FOR TRACKING FILTER LIFE – Granted – This
application relates to control systems and methods used to track multiple parameters
for multiple filters to determine end of life.
8,689,603: CONTROL METHODS FOR SETTING A REFERENCE VOLTAGE –
Granted – This application relates to control systems and methods using a reference
voltage to control variations in senor output.
D503972S: AIR TREATMENT SYSTEM – Granted – This design patent application is
directed towards the ornamental appearance of an air treatment system.
D538418S: FILTER – Granted – This design application is directed towards the
ornamental appearance of a filter for an air treatment system.
CONTROL METHODS FOR SETTING A REFERENCE VOLTAGE IN AN AIR
TREATMENT SYSTEM – Pending – This application is directed towards a control
system and method for controlling blower speed for an air treatment system.
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VII. TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS AND PAPERS
TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS AND PAPERS COMMISSIONED OR CONDUCTED BY ACCESS BUSINESS
GROUP RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENTISTS ON AIR TREATMENT
Taylor, R., Evans, G., Hand, D., “Test Method for Reduction of Formaldehyde by a Portable Air Treatment
System”, ASHRAE IAQ 2007: Healthy and Sustainable Buildings Conference, Baltimore, MD, October, 2007
Taylor, R., Evans, G., Hand, D., “Test Method for Reduction of Formaldehyde by a Portable Air Treatment
System”, Air & Waste Management Association/US EPA, Indoor Environmental Quality, Problems, Research
and Solutions Conference, Durham, NC., July 2006.
Hebi Li, John Crittenden, David Hand, Roy Taylor, “Modeling of Indoor Air Treatment of Polychlorinated
Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) Using HEPA-Carbon Filtration.” Journal of the Air and
Waste Management Association, Vol. 57, No. 9, Sept 2007
D. Drake, & R. Roth, G.K. Evans, “The Determination of Formaldehyde Reduction from an Indoor Air
Environment Utilizing a Room Air Filtration System”, paper presented at The Second NSF International
Conference on Indoor Air Health in Miami Florida, January 2001
Karin K. Foarde, Eric A. Myers, James T. Hanley, Davis S. Ensor, and Peter F. Roessler, “Methodology to
Perform Clean Air Delivery Rate Type Determinations with Microbiological Aerosols” Aerosol Science
and Technology 30:235-245 (1999)
Karin K. Foarde, James T. Hanley, David S. Ensor, and Peter Roessler, “Development of a Method for
Measuring Single-Pass Bioaerosol Removal Efficiencies of a Room Air Cleaner” ” Aerosol Science and
Technology, February 1999
Karin K. Foarde, Eric A. Myers, James T. Hanley, Davis S. Ensor, and Peter F. Roessler, “Clean Air Delivery
Rate Determinations of an Air Cleaner Using Microbiological Aerosols” American Association for Aerosol
Research, October 1998
Karin K. Foarde, Eric A. Myers, James T. Hanley, Davis S. Ensor, and Peter F. Roessler, “Single Pass
Filtration Efficiency Determinations of a Room Air Cleaner Using Microbiological Aerosols” American
Association for Aerosol Research, October 1998
Yung Seng Cheng: Efficiency of a portable indoor air cleaner in removing pollens and fungal spores.
Aerosol Science and Technology 29:92 - 101 (1998) Volume 29; Number 2, August 1998 ISSN 0278-6826
ASTYDQ 29(2)73-162 (1998). Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
D. Drake, & R. Roth, J. Johns, and G. Casuccio, Evaluation of the particulate matter removal efficiency of
an indoor room filtration system designed for the Japanese marketplace, paper presented at the Healthy
buildings IAQ: Global Issues and Regional Solutions in Washington D.C., September 1997.
Hamilton, R., and Rudnick S., “Comparison of the AHAM and FTC Protocols for Testing the Performance
of Room – and Work-Area-Sized Particulate Removal Devices that Exhaust into the Area Being
Cleaned.” Paper presented to American Industrial Hygiene Conference, San Francisco, CA, May 1988.
James, A.C., Cross, F.T., Roth, R.C., and Kuennen, R.W., “The Efficacy of a High Efficiency Room Air
Treatment System in Mitigating Dose from Radon Decay Products.” This was presented to the 1989
American Association for Aerosol Research Annual Meeting, October 1989.
Roth, R.C., “Factors and Models for Lung Dose from Radon Decay Products: A Review.” Presented to the
Department of Energy Specialty Health Effects Information Exchange, September 1989
Roth, R.C., “Comparison of Condensation Nuclei Reductions by a Room Air Cleaner Utilizing Mass
Balance Analysis.” Presented to the American Industrial Hygiene Association Conference, May 1989.
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Roth, R.C., “Importance of Measurement in Assessing the Effects of Air Cleaning.” Presented to a
specialty workshop on Unattached Fraction and Radon Decay Product Activity Size Measurements, April 1989.
Roth, R.C., Brambley, M.R., and Brennan, T., “ASTM Standards Development Activities for Radon and
Radon Decay Products,” Proceedings of the 1989 Annual Meeting of the Mid-Atlantic Section of the American
Association of Radon Scientists and Technologies, October 1989.
Roth, R.C., and Kuennen, R.W., “Reduction of Condensation Nuclei by a Room Air Cleaner in a SteadyState Environment.” Presented to the American Association for Aerosol Research Annual Meeting, Chapel Hill,
NC, October 1988.
Kuennen, R.W., and Roth R.C., “Reduction of Radon Working Level by a Room Air Cleaner.” Published by
the Air and Waste Management Association for presentation at the 82nd Annual Meeting & Exhibition in
Anaheim, CA, June 1989. “Reduction of Radon Working Level by a Room Air Cleaner.” Presented to an
Environmental Protection Agency Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technology, Denver, CO,
October 1988.
Kuennen, R.W., Roth, R.C., Lucas, J., and Casuccio, G., “Determination of the Particulate Removal
Efficiency of a Room Air Cleaner,” APCA Conference Proceedings. Paper presented to the Association
Dedicated to Air Pollution Control and Hazardous Waste Management Annual Meeting, New York, NY, June
1987.
Roth, R.C., Kuennen, R.W., Casuccio, G. and Lucas, J., “Development of a Testing Protocol for Measuring
the Single Pass Removal Efficiency of Asbestos by a Room Air Cleaner.” Published in the NAC Annual
Conference Proceedings and presented to the National Asbestos Council Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA,
February 1988 and presented to the American Industrial Hygiene Association Convention, Montreal, Canada,
June 1987.
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