Fostering Innovation
To Address Social Challenges
g
Summary
Yuko HARAYAMA
Tohoku University
yuko.harayama@most.tohoku.ac.jp
k h
@
h k
j
Today’ss picture of innovation!
Today
Idea
R&D
U i
Univ.
R. Inst.
Start-ups
Big Com.
Com
S i
Science
bbase
26-27/05/2009
ScaleS
l
up
Linkkagees
L
Actors
ProtoP
t
type
Product
Market
Social
S
i l
impact
Consumers?
Government?
Society?
T h l
Technology
base
b
CSTP/OECD
2
Facts
• Variety of actors & stakeholders↑
– e.g. “Social entrepreneur”
• Complexity & density of interactions↑
– e.g.
g Chain-linked model,, Open
p innovation
• Global dimension ↑
– Globalized activities,
activities Global impact,
impact Global
challenges (e.g. climate change)
• Emergence
e ge ce of
o “non
o traditional”
d o
businesses
bus
esses
& business models
– Exploiting
p
g new technological
g
tools (e.g.
( g
Internet)
– Remolding social institutions
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
3
Challenges
g
• New framework to understand innovation?
– Beyond linear model
– Beyond neo-classical economic theory
→ Science of Science & Innovation Policy (SciSIP)
• Changing nature of innovation?
– Beyond
B
d th
the “Oslo
“O l manual”
l”
• Process innovation, Product innovation, Marketing
innovation, Organizational innovation
• Fostering Innovation
to Address Social challenges
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
4
Relevance of “Social Challenges”
f S&T policy
for
li
• Reactive thinking
– Social impact of innovation
• Deeper understanding of innovation phenomena!
• S&T policy taking account of social impact?
• Pro-active
i thinking
hi ki
– Changing
g g nature of society
y
• Society co-evolving with innovation
– S&T as a mean to solve social problems
• Because of their `public good’ nature & presence of new
stakeholders!
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
5
How to act?
• Building a new framework
– Identifying “Social
Social challenges
challenges”, “Stakeholders”
Stakeholders ,
“Instruments”
– Science
Science-Technology-Industry-Society
Technology Industry Society linkage
• Going on the ground
– New evidences
– Stakeholder involvement
– Collective experimentation
• Monitoring actions
– Measurement issue
i
– Governance issue
– Formative evaluation
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
Policy
learning!
6
Agenda of the 1st Workshop
1 Ch
1.
Changes iin research
h and
d iinnovation
ti to
t address
dd
social challenges
2. Barriers against research and innovation for
solving social challenges
3. A range of instruments for stakeholder
involvement
4. A range of instruments to encourage the
formation of high
g pperformance research team and
their success in research and innovation for
solvingg social problems
p
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
7
Insights
g from 4 sessions
• Building a new framework
Session 1
– Identifying “Social challenges”, “Stakeholders”,
“Instruments”
– Science-Technology-Industry-Society linkage
• Going on the ground
Session 2
– New evidences
– Stakeholder involvement
Session 3
– Collective experimentation
Session 4
• Monitoringg actions
– Measurement issue
– Formative evaluation
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
Sessions 3 & 4
8
Social challenges (1)
• Candidates
– Climate change, Environment, Energy,
Water Health care
Water,
care, Security
Security, Poverty,
Poverty etc.
etc
Multi dimensional!
Multi-dimensional!
• Social problems → Solutions?
• Constraints (natural,
(natural demographic,
demographic etc
etc.)) →
Remolding social institutions (or system)?
• Growth of social welfare → Creation of
new business?
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
9
Social challenges (2)
• Who assumes leadership?
• Social problems → Solutions
– Government, Other stakeholders?
• Constraints → Remolding social institutions?
– Government + Civil society? (like slow-food!)
• Growth of social welfare → Creation of new
business?
– Social entrepreneur?
p
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
New business
opportunities!
ii !
10
Social challenges (3)
• Postulates
– Limit of market mechanism!
• Characteristics
– Multi-dimensional (inter-related)
– Multi-Stakeholders
Multi Stakeholders
– Systemic solution
– Involvement of social sciences
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
11
Whi h innovation?
Which
i
ti ?
• Social problems → Solutions
– Socio-technological
S i t h l i l innovation?
i
ti ?
– Regulation, Standardization
• Constraints → Remolding social institutions?
– Organizational innovation (social system)?
• Growth of social welfare → Creation of new
b i
businesses?
– Business model innovation?
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
12
How to analyze
y the p
phenomenon?
• Foresight
• Analytical framework
– Conservative view (incremental)
– Reformist view (reform)
– Critical view ((radical))
• Case studies
–
–
–
–
–
Finland
Germany
Canada
Japan
Norway & Sweden
26-27/05/2009
Other
candidates?
CSTP/OECD
13
Barriers
• Limit of market mechanism
• Systemic failure
– R&D and funding systems not adapted
– Existing social systems not adapted to
articulatingg societal challenges
g
– No relevant networks
INNOVMOND
14
Changing role of government?
• Rule making & Planning of
–
–
–
–
–
Coordination
Facilitation
C t l t
Catalyst
Collaboration
others?
26-27/05/2009
Problem of
i
inter-ministerial
i i i l
coordination &
collaboration!
Versus
mainstream
priorities?
CSTP/OECD
15
Changing role of the private sector?
• Enterprises
– Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
– Social entrepreneur
p
– ・・・?
• Associations
A
i ti
– NGO, Foundation, Philanthropy, Patient group
– ・・・?
• Citizen
– Acting as a stakeholder
– ・・・?
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
10
How to involve (& sustain) them? (1)
• Stakeholders
–
–
–
–
–
–
Social entrepreneur
Civil society (who is it?)
Civil society organization, NGO, NPO
Non usual stakeholders?
Research community!
y
Practitioners
Avoid capture
by
lobbyism
Different role &
responsibility!
ibilit !
• Participative instruments (concerted action)
– Priority setting
– Foresight
– Citizen’s jury
– Decision making structures
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
– Others?
Value of S&T
re isited!
revisited!
Evolutionary (&
learning) process!
Independence?
11
How to involve (& sustain) them? (2)
• Two stages
– Identification of social challenges
– Linking them with innovation
• Regarding
R
di new stakeholders
k h ld
– Social entrepreneur
• Framework conditions?
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
12
What’s next?
• Key issues for the 2nd Workshop?
1. S&T social responsibility (STSR)
2. Global nature of the challenges
3. …
• Contour
C
off the
h learning
l
i space??
– Who does What with Whom?
26-27/05/2009
CSTP/OECD
13