lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
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k|yd kq, låtLo kq / t[tLo kqsf] lnlvt k/LIff 5'§f5'§} x'g]5 .
k|yd kqdf j:t'ut jx'pQ/ -MMultiple Choice_ k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ ;xL lbPdf
k|To]s ;xL pQ/ jfkt ! -Ps_ c+s k|bfg ul/g]5, unt pQ/ lbPdf k|To]s unt
pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
låtLo kq / t[tLo kqsf ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf
k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf
a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
o; eGbf cuf8L nfu" ePsf] dfly plNnlvt ;d"xsf] kf7\os|d vf/]h ul/Psf] 5
kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
k/ˆo'hlgi6 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k|yd / bf];|f]kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
Anatomy
Introduction to Anatomy, Basic anatomical terminology,
Thorax- Inter-coastal space, pleura, bony thoracic cage, ribs sternum, & thoracic
vertebrate
Lungs- Trachea, bronchial tree;
Heart- Surface anatomy of heart, chambers of the heart, valves of the heart, major blood
vessels of heart pericardium, coronary arteries.
Excretory System- Kedneys, Ureters, bladder, Anatomy of liver and kidney.
Physiology
1 The Blood
i. composition of blood, functions of the blood and plasma proteins, classification and
protein
ii. Pathological and physiological variation of the RBC iii. Function of Hemoglobin
iv. Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate
v. Detailed description about WBC- Total count (TC), Differential count (DC) and
functions
vi. Platelets- formation and normal level and functions
vii Blood groups and Rh factor viii. Clotting cascade- Physiology of hemostasis
2. Cardio-vascular system
i. Physiology of the heart
ii. Heart sounds iii. Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output
iv. Ausculatory areas
v. Arterial pressures, blood pressure
vi. Hypertension
vii. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
3. Respiratory system
i. Respiratory movements’
ii. Distribution and normal values of lungs, volume and Lung capacities.
4. Excretory system
i. Normal Urinary output
ii. Renal functions tests, renal disorders
5. Central nervous system
Thermoregulation, Glasgow coma scale
6. Endocrine System
Basics of endocrine function and its tests
7. Acids and Bases
Definition, pH, Henderson, - Hasselbalch equation, Buffers, Indicators, Normality,
Molarity, Molality, Serum electrolytes, Blood gas analysis
PHARMACOLOGY
a. Hormones of Pituitary and Thyroid
b. Insulin and Oral hypoglycemic drugs
c. Anti inflammatory drugs
d. UTI drugs
e Drug interactions
f. Ionotropes
g. Diuretics
h. Anticoagulants
i. Anti arryhythmic Agents
j. Alpha Blockers
k. Beta blockers
l. Antibiotics
PATHOLOGY
a. Pathology of the heart
b. Inflammatory diseases
c. Non –inflammatory diseases
d. Congenital Heart Diseases
e. Pathology of Lung
f. Revision of Anatomy, Physiology and Embryology
g. congenital and Inflamatorydisease of lung
h. Pathology of Kidney
i. Nephrotic syndrome
j. Acute Renal failure
k. Chronic Renal failure
l. Coronary Artery Diseases and Rheumatic Tumors of Heart
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
a. Introduction
b. Instruments and equipments
c. Morphology of Bacteria, Viruses
d.Stains
e. Methods of Sterilization
f. Drug resistant of Bacteria
g. Basic principles in Immunology
h. Wound infections
i. Community and Hospital acquired infections
PRINCIPLES OF PERFUSION TECHNOLOGY---PART- I
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
Physiology of extra corporeal circulation
Heart Lung Machine Basics
Principles of extra corporeal circulation
History of evolution of pump
Principles of extra corporeal gas exchange
Various types of Oxygenators—Bubble—Membrane
Theory of Blood pump- pulsatile flow- continuous flow
Occlusive and non-occlusive pumps
Various types of pumps—Rotatory pumps
Roller pumps
Bellow pumps
Compression pump
Diaphragm pump
Ventricle pump
IABP
Elements of extracorporeal circulation and its hazards
Blood filters
Blood trap
Flow meter
Temperatures probes
Heat exchangers
Regulating Devices
Connections of vascular system and extracorporeal circulation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Venous drainage
Suction pump
Hemodynamics of arterial reentry
Arterial infusion
Cardiotomy blood return
INTRODUCTION TO SURGERY
History of cardiac surgery
Basic information of closed and open heart surgeries
Importance of Team work
Haemorrhage-signs and symptoms
Equipments used in wards
Common terms used in cardiology
Assembly and Packaging:Materials used for wrapping and packing assembling pack contents.Types of packs,
prepared inclusion of trays and galliparts in packs, Method of wrapping and making
use of indications to show that a pack of container has been through a sterilization
process date stamping
CARDIO-PULMONARY BYPASS & PERFUSION TECHNOLOGY
1. Haemodynamic aspects of total heart- Lung bypass, perfusion flow pressure and
resistance distribution of blood flow among various vascular beds
2. Metabolic aspects of total heart—Lung bypass oxygen need and perfusion flow
requirements, perfusion flow and oxygen uptake, acid-base balance, electrolyte and
water balance, oxygen toxicity
3. Effects of perfusion on organs- Brain, heart, lungs, kidney, liver, and spleen area and
other organs
4. Control of adequacy of perfusion- The ideal perfusion, Monitoring devices, Techniques
of controle
5. Hematological problems- Blood prime,Priming solutions, Control of , Effects of various
priming solution on RBC trauma
6. Induced cardiac arrest and myocardial protection, physiological principles of including
cardiac arrest , morpohology, function and metabolism of the arrested heart,
Cardioplegia --cold blood, potassium and modified cold prime cardioplegia.
7. Hypothermia- Blood stream cooling nerves, peripheral cooling modes of lood stream
cooling heart and circulation at low temperature.
8. Assisted circulation- circulatory support metabolic support by partial heart lung bypass.
Effects of partial heart , lung bypass on organs.
9. Biomedicus pump
10. LV assist devices- LV AD, RVAD, BIVAD,
11. Intra-aoratic balloon pump-IABP
12. Autotransfusion, cell saver.
CARDIO PLUMONARY BYPASS AND COMPLICATIONS
Complications while initiating the bypass , during bypass and at the termination of bypass
Hemolysis / haematuria/ hemoglobinurea
Air locking, air embolism
Rewarming and cooling, cerebral damage
Loss of electrical power- running a pump with hand rotation.
MAINTENANCE
Proper cleaning, attending trouble shoot in time and periodical maintenance including
cultures taken specific intervals from heart, lung machine and hemotherm.
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- Disposal of dead body
- dfgj cË k|Tof/f]k0f (Organ transplantation )
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1fg
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;~rfng ;DalGwt 1fg .
-h_ g]kfndf :jf:Yo ;'/Iff;DalGw Joj:yf -Healthcare system in Nepal_
-em_ g]kfndf w'd|kfg, nfu'kbfy{ / dfbs kbfy{ ;]jgM– k|efj, ;ts{tf /
lgoGq0fsf] cj:yf jf/] 1fg
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k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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k|yd kq låtLo kq / t[tLo kqsf] lnlvt k/LIff 5'§f5'§} x'g]5 .
k|yd kqdf j:t'ut jx'pQ/ -MMultiple Choice_ k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ ;xL lbPdf
k|To]s ;xL pQ/ jfkt ! -Ps_ c+s k|bfg ul/g]5, unt pQ/ lbPdf k|To]s unt
pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
låtLo kq / t[tLo kqsf ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf
k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf
a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
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lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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k|yd / bf];|f] kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
1. Pharmaceutics, Bio-pharmaceutics, Research and development:-
Role of biopharmaceutics in formulation development ; Pre formulation and
formulation studies; Scale Up post approval changes; Stabilities studies and testing
protocols ; pharmaceutical dosage forms; pharmaceutical excipients and their
selection; conventional drug delivery system; novel drug delivery system;
Pharmaceutical packaging, packaging materials and their selection
Pharmacokinetics; Factors affecting the pharmacokinetic process; Plasma
concentration time profile and its significance; Pharmacokinetic models;
pharmacokinetic parameters; Plasma protein binding; different orders of drug
absorption; clinical application of pharmacokinetics.
2. Pharmaceuticals production, pharmaceutical analysis, Engineering, Quality assurance Layout of pharmaceutical manufacturing plant including quality control, production and
safety measures in factories; Design, Development production, evaluation and process
validation methods for pharmaceutical operations involved in the productionof
pharmaceutical products; pharmaceutical production management
Unit operations involved in pharmaceutical production;; Design of Air handling
Unit
Practices; Quality Assurance;Total Quality management;DocumentationCurrent
good manufacturing
Quality control tests of various dosage forms; Fundamental Titrimetric analysis;
Spectroscopic methods of analysis; gravimetric method of analysis;
Instrumentation;Separation techniques; good laboratory practices
3. Drug sources, extraction, synthesis, Isolation, Purification, Identification
Classification of Crude drugs; collection, cultivation, drying, storage, &
deteroration of medicinal plants; Adulteration & substitution; Quality control and
WHOguidelines for the assessment of crude drugs; Pharmacognostical study of
the drugs of biological origin(volatile oil, Fixed oil, Resins, TanninAlkloid,
Glycosides, Tumor inhibitors, Hallocinogens, Phytotoxins & phyllo allergens,
Natural pesticides) Separation techniques and their application to isolation of
constituent, Renounced medicinal plants of Nepal; Plant based drugs in modern
medicine;
4. Pharmacology drugs classification, drug safety issues, SAR, drug interactions,
ADRs....
Pharmacokinetics, Mechanism of action, adverse effects, therapeutic uses, precaution,
contraindication, drug interaction of drugs of various classes; adverse drug reactions
and drug interactions; Toxicology; bioassay; pharmacogenetics; gene therapy; various
routes of drug administration; special techniques of drug administration;
Dermatologic pharmacology, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, topical ant; i
viral agents, agents affecting pigmentation, sunscreens, drugs for psoriasis, anti
inflametry agents, keratolytic and destructive agents, antipruitic agents, tricogenic and
antitricogenic agents, anti seborrhea agents, rational irrational drug use, drug design
and development, new drug development, synthesis, physicochemical
characterization, nomenclature and SAR of various drugs;
5. Vaccines and Immunological products
Fundamental of immunology; rDNA technology, testing of vaccines, preparation
of immunoglobulins; Microbiological assay of antibiotics; infection and
immunity; Antigen and antibody reaction; types of hypersensitivity; Toxin,
toxoid, and vaccine, Serdiagnostic tests; Extended program of immunization;
immunization schedules; various routes of immunization; dose of vaccines
6. Pharmaceutical calculations
Extemporaneous preparations; Manufacturing technique and master formula;
Equivalent conversion; Arrhenius equation; Stability conditions; Expiry date
(shelf – life) calculation; Risk based manufacturing condition; sale mark-up/profit
margin; Need quantification/ consumption; drug selection criteria; inventory
control ; Procurement; storage area calculation; DDD; TPN; Dilution calculation
7. Pharmacokinetic calculations
Bioequivalence study; Bioavailability; area under curve; various orders of drug
absorption; clearance; elimination and absorption rate constant; Design of dosage
regimen; dosage individualization; Dosage adjustment in special population group
(pediatric, geriatric, pregnancy, lactation, renal failure, hepatic failure; ADME in
patient care; Therapeutic drug monitoring; ADME and formulation manipulation;
Problem solving
8. Drug information sources
Primary, secondary and tertiary sources of drug information; access to journal;
information generation, storage, retrieval and dissemination system; evidence based
medicine; drug information network; right to health information (HIFA); electronic
database; Active and passive dissemination of information; drug bulletin; formularies;
information evaluation;
9. Pharmacovigilance
Vigimed, vigibase, vigiflow; WHO and international drug monitoring center;
National center and ADR reporting system; International drug alert system; Market
surviliance and phase –IV clinical trial; role of regulatory authority; industry and
health care peronnels in preventing ADR: drug scheduling according to ADR
10. Pharmacotherapeutics
Design of dosage regimen; dose adjustment; monitoring, compliance, problem
solving, communication, patient history and counseling, drug interaction, drug
evaluation; Normal physiological values; poisoning calculation of infusion rate;
drug administration techniques; aetiology, pathophysiology Pharmacotherapeutic
and non pharmacological management of- Disease of respiratory system (asthma, chronic obstructive airways disease)
- Renal Diseases (acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, drug dosing in renal
impairment)
- Diseases related with endocrine system (diabetes, Thyroid disease, oral contraceptives)
- Diseases of GIT ( GI ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, hepatitis, alcoholic liver
disease
- Infectious diseases (RTIs, gastro-enteritis, pneumonia, typhoid, UTIs, tuberculosis,
leprosy, protozoal infections and helmenthiasis)
- Cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, congestive cardiac failure, ischaemic heart
disease, arrhythmias, hyperlipidaemias)
- Diseases of nervous system ( parkinsonism, myasthenia gravis, depression, anxiety,
mannea, epilepsy)
- Disease related to blood (anaemia, drug induced haematological disorders)
11 Management , entrpreneurship and pharmaco-economics
Fundamentals of management; entrepreneurship management; project
formulation; managing small business, fundamental concepts and principles of
supply, demand its interception and elasticity; cost formulation, breakeven
analysis, cost effectiveness analysis; Taxation and alternative health care
financing (drugs scheme) system in Nepal
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-3_ Professional acts, regulations and others
Drug act 2035 and various regulations and codes therein; national health policy;
national drug policy; narcotic (control) act; consumer protection act; pharmacy
council act and regulation; pharmacopeia and formulary; patent design and
trademark actl TRIPS, INCB, WHO certification scheme; drug disposal guidelines;
essential drug list; standard treatment schedule; industrial enterprise act;
clinical trial; generic versus brand products; GMP,GPP,GLP; GCP; occupational
health; drug promotion
(national and WHO; national drug regulatory bodies
and related activities; health care system in Nepal.
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lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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;Sg]5 .
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k|To]s ;xL pQ/ jfkt ! -Ps_ c+s k|bfg ul/g]5, unt pQ/ lbPdf k|To]s unt
pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
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k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf
a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
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1. Anatomy and Physiology:
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Human cell, transport mechanism across cell membrane
Isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions
The tissues of body and their characteristics
Anatomical positions
The structure and function of bone
Development and growth of bone
Classification of bones
Bones of skull
Bones of vertebral column
Bones and joints of upper limb
Bones and joints of lower limb
Muscles responsible for movement of different joints
Mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction
Blood, Blood vessels and heart
Cardiac output, stroke volume
Aorta and its branches
Formation and tributaries of SVC and IVC
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
The lymphatic system Spleen, thymus and important lymph nodes
Anatomy of respiratory organs
Mechanism and regulation of respiration
Gaseous exchange and transport of gases in blood
Anatomy and function of major digestive organs
Process of digestion and absorption
GI harmones and their action
Salivary glands
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Anatomy of major urinary system
The function of kidneys
Mechanism of formation of urine
Classification of nervous system
Motor and sensory system
Brain and spinal cord
Development of Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands and their functions
Anatomy of Male and female reproductive organs
Physiology of menstruation
Position, structure and blood supply of breast
Sense of sight, lacrimal duct
Structure of external, middle and internal ear
Structure of skin
2. Radiographic Technique:
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Routine and supplementary radiographic technique of upper limb
Routine and supplementary radiography of shoulder girdle
Routine and supplementary radiography technique of lower limb
Routine radiographic technique of pelvic girdle
Routine radiographic technique of thoracic cage and its contents
Apical view, lordotic view, decubitus views of chest
Routine and emergency radiographic technique of abdomen
Routine and supplementary radiographic technique of upper limb
Routine and supplementary radiographic technique of vertebral coloumn,
odontoid peg, intervertebral foramina and Sacro- iliac joints
Routine radiographic technique of skull, mastoids, TM joint, orbits, PNS,
nasal bone
Soft tissue radiography
Basic radiographic technique of breasts (mammography)
Principle of Macro- radiography and its applications
Basic principle of conventional tomography
Pelvimetry
3. Radiological Procedures:
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Definition and types of radiological and contrast media
Contrast media reaction and their management
Barium swallow
Barium meal and follow through
Small bowel enema
Hypotonic duodenography
Single and double contrast Barium enema
Instant Bariun enema
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Loopogram
Intravenous urography (IVU)
Retrograde pyelography
Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN)
Cystography
Urethrography
Micturating cysto-urethrography (MCU)
Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
Pecutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage (PTC and PTCD)
Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP)
Operative and T-tube Cholangiography
Ward and Operation Theatre radiography
Aortography
Carotid and vertebral angiography
Femoral angiography
Peripheral angiography
Venography
Sinography/ fistulography
Dacryocystography (DCG)
Mammography
Paediatric radiography
4. Radiographic photography
- Photosensitive materials
- Construction of different types of X-ray films
- Theory of latent image formation
- Spectral sensitivity and film types
- X-ray film characteristic curve
- Sensitometry, film speed, contrast, density and latitude
- Film artifacts
- Construction, function and types of intensifying screens
- Radiographic Image quality and factors affecting image quality
- Exposure factors
- Mannual X-ray film processing
- Processing Chemicals
- Automatic film processing
- Planning a dark room
- Principle of Dry silver imager
- Silver recovery
5. Radiographic equipment
- Production and properties of X-rays
- Interaction of X-rays with matter
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Basics of Radiobiology
Biological effects of X-rays
Radiation protection
Personnel monitoring
Construction and functioning of an x-ray tube
Stationary and rotating anode x-ray tubes
Advances in x-ray tube design
X-ray control panel , x-ray table and x-ray tube support
Control of kV and mA
Electronic and Automatic Exposure timers
Scatter radiation and their control
X-ray grid- construction, characteristics, functions and types
Air gap technique
Portable and mobile x-ray equipment
Mains dependent and mains independent mobile x-ray equipment
Conventional Fluoroscopy
Construction and working principle of image IntensifierPrinciple of closed
circuit TV, TV Camera and TV monitor
C-arm vascular imaging equipment
Automatic injectors, angiographic tables and film changers
Conventional tomography
Mammographic equipment
Photofluorographic equipment
6. Hospital practice and patient care
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Clinical and legal responsibilityof a radiographer
General preliminaries to x-ray examination and stretcher
care of patients in wheel chair
The anaesthetized patient
Infectious patient in the ward / Radiology department
Nursing procedures and injection techniques
Emergencies in Radiology department
Definition and first aid management of different types of shock
Definition and first aid management ofdrowning and poisoning
Haemorrhage and their types
First aid management of external bleeding
Burns, heat stroke, and their First aid management
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Fractures and dislocations
Foreign bodies in eye, ear, nose and throat and their first aid management
Medico legal aspects during radiography
7. Principle and equipment for modern Diagnostic Imaging
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digital image concepts
Digital image structure
Advantages of digital imaging
Computed radiography
Indirect conversion direct radiography
Direct conversion direct radiography Digital fluoroscopy
Picture archiving and communicating system (PACS)
Basic principles of CT
System components of CT
Image quality and artifacts in CT
Image reconstruction in CT
Helical CT
Multi-slice CT
Definition of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Longitudinal and Transversal magnetization
Longitudinal (T1) and Transversal (T2) relaxation
Spin echo MR imaging
Basic gradient echo MR Imaging
Inversion recovery MR imaging (FLAIR,STIR)
Artifact in MRI
MRI magnets
Gradient coils
RF coils
Construction and properties of an Ultrasound and transducer
Characteristics of Ultra sound beam
Different modes of Ultrasound scanning
Clinical application of Ultrasound
Doppler Ultrasound
Radiopharmaceutical used in Nuclear medicine
TC 99 generator
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SECTION- A
1. Hematology
1.1 Cleaning of glass wares and safety precaution in the laboratory
1.2 Collection and preservation of different samples for the laboratory
1.3 Preparation of chemicals and different stains for the hematological tests
1.4 Quality control in the laboratory
1.5 Formation and development of Erythrocytes, leucocytes, thermobocytes
1.6 Principle and clinical procedure for
1.6.1 Hemoglobin estimation and its standard curve calibration
1.6.2 Total count of WBC, RBC, Platelets and Reticulocytes
1.6.3 ESR, BT,CT and RBC indices
1.6.4 Foetal hemoglobin estimation
1.6.5 Coom’s test
1.6.6 Blood banking and transfusion
1.6.7 Coagulation profile (mechanism, disorder and investigation)
1.6.8 LE cell preparation,
1.6.9 Tissue parasite
1.6.10 Absolute cell count
1.7 Characteristics of anaemia, leucamia, polycythemia, leucomide reaction,
thalassaemia and hemoglobin pathies
1.8 Principles and procedure of osmotic fragility tests and cyto-chemical stains
1.9 Principle and procedure of G6PD, hemoglobin electrophoresis
1.10
Preparation of reagents for special hematological investigation
1.11
Waste disposal and total quality management
SECTION –B
2. Microbiology
2.1 Bacterilogy
2.1.1 Classification of medically important bacteria
2.1.2 Characteristics of micro-organism prokaryotes, eukaryotes, virus
2.1.3 Bacterial growth and nutrional requirements, uptake of nutrients, growth
phases and sporulation
2.1.4 Antimicrobial drugs and their mode of actions with reference to cell wall,
cell membrane, nucleic acid and protein synthesis
2.1.5 Different methods of sterilization, and disinfections
2.1.6 Preparation of different media and ingredients uses and interpretation
2.1.7 Preparation of chemicals and stains
2.1.8 Cultural procedure of different samples aerobically and anaerobically
2.1.9 Identification of Bacteria and confirmative tests, serologically and
biochemically
2.1.10 Different staining methods of bacteria and their principles
2.1.11 TB bacteriology and skin scarping for A.F.B
2.1.12 Water bacteriology
2.1.13 C.S.F and cavity fluids for culture
2.1.14
2.2 Virology (sub section 2.2 and 2.3 = 10%)
2.2.1 Classification of medically important virus and mode of infection
2.2.2 Characteristics of virus , nature of virus, viral structure replication
2.2.3 Definition of RNA and DNA viruses
2.2.4 Principle and methods of serological procedure for HCV,HIV, HBs Ag
and HEv etc
2.3 Parasitological
2.3.1 Classification of life cycle and pathogenesis of medically important
2.3.1.1
Protozoal parasites
2.3.1.2
Helminthic parasites
2.3.1.3
Blood parasites
2.3.1.4
Semen analysis
2.3.2 Methods of identification of different parasites from stool samples by
2.3.2.1
Wet preparation
2.3.2.2
Concentration methods
2.3.2.3
Cultural methods
2.3.3 Method of identification of blood parasites
2.3.4 Routine examination and special test in urine
2.4 Mycology (Subsection 2.4 and 2.5 = 10%)
2.4.1 Identification of Superficial, deep and systemic mycosis
2.4.2 Opportunistic mycosis
2.4.3 Examination and identification by different method and culture
2.5 Immunology
2.5.1 Principle and procedure for the estimation of
2.5.1.1
V.D.R.L., (RPR)
2.5.1.2
T.P.H.A
2.5.1.3
A.S.O
2.5.1.4
C.R.P
2.5.1.5
Rheumatoid factor
2.5.1.6
Pregnancy test
2.5.1.7
TORCH Range
2.5.1.8
Agglutination reaction
2.5.1.9
Precipitation reaction
2.5.1.10
Flocculation reaction
2.5.1.11
ELISA
2.5.1.12
Hem agglutination reaction
2.6 Waste disposal and total quality management
SECTION –C
3. Biochemistry
3.1 Preparation of normal and molar solution
3.2 Preparation of different reagents required for biochemical test
3.3 colorimeter and spectrophotometer
3.4 Flame photometry
3.5 Carbohydrate metabolism
3.5.1 Glycolysis
3.5.2 Glycogenesis
3.5.3 Glycogenolysis
3.5.4 Pentose phosphate pathway
3.5.5 Krab’s cycle
3.5.6 Gluconegogenesis
3.6 Protein metabolism
3.6.1 Transmination
3.6.2 Deamination
3.6.3 Urea cycle
3.6.4 Nitrogen balance
3.6.5 Creatinine and creatinine formation
3.7 Lipid metabolism
3.7.1 Beta oxidation
3.7.2 Alpha Oxidation
3.7.3 Omega oxidation
3.7.4 Ketone body formation and their utilization
3.7.5 Ketosis
3.7.6 Cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis
3.8 Hormone
3.8.1 Introduction
3.8.2 Types
3.8.3 Origin
3.8.4 Definition
3.8.5 Classification
3.8.6 Regulation
3.8.7 Measurement by various methods including RIA, EIA
3.9 Principles and procedure of different methods for the estimation of
biochemical tets
3.9.1 Sugar, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, Billirubin, GPT, GOT, ALP,
Lipid profile, cardiac profile, Renal function Test, Liver function
test, clearance study, amylase and electrolytes
3.9.2 Cavity fluids examination
3.9.3 C.S.F examinations
3.9.4 24 hours urine protein
3.10 Waste disposal and total quality management
SECTION –D
4.Histology/ Cytology
4.1 Preparation of different types fixatives and their uses
4.2 Methods of Decalcification
4.3 Methods of processing of tissues to prepare paraffin block tissue
4.4 Description of different types of microtome, their principles and methods of
cutting section from the paraffin block tissue
4.5 Preparation of routine and special histological and cytological stains and
stanning procedure
4.6 Principles and methods of staining and mounting the tissue section on the
glass slides
4.7 Waste disposal and total quality management
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/xg] 5g\ . tLg} kqsf] s"n cÍ hf]8\bf s"n k"0ff{Í !%) df Go"gtd\ %)∞ cÍ -cyf{t &%
cÍ_ k|fKt u/]sf pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotf;"rL tof/ kfl/g] 5 .
k|yd kq M– ljifout ;}4flGts 1fg
k"0ff{Í %)
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1 Nursing Concepts & Principles
1.1 Nursing Process : Steps of Nursing process
1.2 Pain and Stress management :
Nursing Management
Medical Management
1.3.
Holistic Health Care : Components of holistic health care
Methods of holistic care
Alternative medicines
1.4.
Creativity in Nursing :
Methods of creativity
Barriers of creativity
-Health and illness continuous
-Homeostasis
-Stages of illness
-Tastes of convalescence influencing health,
-Basic human needs
-Communication : Therapeutic and anti Therapeutic communication
-Nursing theories: Florence Nightingale, V Henderson, Abdellah, Ray's and D. Orem.
2 Social Sciences applied in Nursing
2.1
Major cultural groups their geographical location and their health seeking
behavior.
2.2 Factors affecting health of the people.
2.2.1. Socio economic conditions
2.2.2 . Education
2.2.3 . Politics
2.2.4. Gender
2.2.5. Physical environment
2.2.6. Traditional healers & their role in community
2.2.7. Nutritional beliefs and practices : Hot and cold food, major food beliefs
2.2.8. Human behavior and its causes, way of bringing change in behavior .
2.2.9. Emotion and ways of controlling emotion.
3 Leadership and Management
3.1. Management: - Concept, principles, theories and Resource management
3.2. Planning: - Elements, process ,Benefits and Limitation.
3.3. Organization : Types, Principles and elements
3.4. Organizational behavior
- Group Dynamic
-Communication
-Organizational conflict and management (Problem solving)
3.5. Organizational structures of Health Care Delivery system in Nepal
3.6. Leadership : -Theories, Types , Functions , Characteristics.
3.7. Supervision and monitoring : Concept and Purpose .
3.8. Personnel development :- Motivation , Morale ,Leadership and decision making.
3.9 Human Resource Development :- Elements, steps and Production/distribution
3.10. Health Information Management
3.11. Disaster Management
3.12. Quality Assurance in Management
3.13. Job description
3.14. National Policies:- National Health Policy , Strategy and Priority.
3.15 Current fifth five- year plan:- Millennium development goal , Second long-term
health plan
4.
Health Economics and Nursing
- Relationship between wealth, poverty and heath
-Demand and supply
- Cost benefit and effectiveness in nursing
-National income sources, determinate & use of national income data.
- Nepal's economy and its effect on health and health care .
5 Research Applied to Nursing
5.1 Ethics & Regulations in Health & Nursing Research
4.2.1 Ethics in Research.
4.2.2 National Ethical guidelines in Health research in Nepal (NHRC)
5. 2 Steps of research process
-Problem, objective and hypothesis
-Research design
-Sampling Techniques
-Method of data collection
-Development of Instrumentation
-Statistical Data analysis
- Report writing & Dissemination
5.3 Importance of Research in Nursing .
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@ k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ @)
# k|Zg x % cÍ ≠ !%
;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) jf !% cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) jf !% cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf
Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t
b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 .
l;i6/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
bf];|f] kq M– ljifout Jofjxfl/s 1fg
k"0ff{Í %)
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1. Common health problems through the life span
1.1. paediatric Section
-Newborn assessment and Care
- Newborn problems and management : Hyperbilirubienaemia hypoglycaemia,
thrush, septicaemia conjunctivitis cord sepsis, neonatal tetanus
- High risk newborn
-Major growth and development, developmental tasks and care of children of
different age group from infancy to adolescence.
- Common health problems and behavioral problems of children of different
age groups and their management
1.2. Adult Section
- Physiological and psychosocial development and life style and developmental tasks
of adults: young adult, middle aged adult and elderly adult .
- Health problems and nursing management of common health problems of young,
middle aged and elderly adult.
2. Obstetric Nursing (Midwifery)
2.1 . Pre natal Care
-Prenatal assessment and management
-Preparation of child birth
-Management of High risk pregnancy
2.2. Intra- natal (Labor) Care
-Assessment of client during Labor
-Care required during different stages of Labor
- Immediate care of new born / mother
-Management of complications of labor.
2.3. Post Natal Care
-Physiology of puerperium & need of post natal mother.
-Lactation & exclusive breast feeding
-Minor discomforts in puerperium & their management
-Major disorders of puerperium & their management.
-Follow up and advice
3.
Psychiatric Nursing
3.1. Concept of mental health / Illness
-Mental status examination.
-Neuroses
-Psychoses
-Mental Retardation
-Epilepsy
-Alcohols and Drug abuse
-Psychosexual problems
3.2. Modality of Treatment
-Drug therapy
-ECT
-Counseling
-Diversional Therapy
-Legal Responsibilities
-Emergency management of violent patient
3.3. Common Psychiatric disorders in Nepal and their management
3.4. Role and Responsibilities of Nurse in the pervention and management psychiatric
disorders
-Primordial
-Primary Prevention
-Secondary care
-Tertiary prevention
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# k|Zg x % cÍ ≠ !%
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-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) jf !% cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) jf !% cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf
Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t
b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
=======================
l;i6/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
t];|f] kq M ljZjljBfno ;+u7g / Joj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL
k"0ff{Í %)
;do !=#) 306f
-s_= lq=lj= ;ef, k|fl1s kl/ifb\, sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, ljBf kl/ifb\sf] u7g, sfd
st{Jo / clwsf/jf/] 1fg
-v_ lzIfs sd{rf/L ;]jf;DaGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _ sf] hfgsf/L
- kl/R5]b %,^,&,*,( / !) dfq _ .
-u_ lq=lj cfly{s Joj:yfkg / ;~ro sf]if ;DjGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _
jf/] hfgsf/L - kl/R5]b @( / #) dfq _ .
@= Joj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg
-s_ g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%% jf/] cfwf/e"t 1fg
-v_ cfkm\gf] Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt kl/ifb (Nursing Association of Nepal (NAN.) Nepal
Nursing Council (NNC.) / cfrf/;+lxtf jf/] 1fg .
.
-u_ :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx¿
- Medico legal case
- Disposal of dead body
- dfgj cË k|Tof/f]k0f (Organ transplantation )
- nfu' cf}ifb (Narcotic Drugs )
- ue{ktg, (Abortion )
# gl;{ª Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIfM
-s_= gl;{ª k]zfsf] cfbz{tf, cfrf/ ;+lxtf / Jojxfl/s kIf;+u ;DalGwt 1fg
-v_= g]kfndf gl;{ª k]zfsf cj;/ / r'gf}ltx?
-u_= k|sf]k ;fd'lxs b'3{6gf Joj:yfkgdf gl;{ªsf] e"ldsf
-3_ c:ktfn k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf
-ª_= lq=lj= lzIf0f c:ktfnsf] ;~rfng k|s[of;DaGwdf 1fg
$ ;d:of / ;dfwfg –
s'g} klg ;d:of a'em\g / To;sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] k/LIf0f - o; leq
pDd]bjf/sf] cfˆgf] k]zfut zLk, gLltut 1fg / ;d:of ;dfwfgsf a}slNks
pkfox? ;'emfpg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] hf“r ul/g] 5 _+ .
k|Zg of]hgf
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL c+z, Joj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod tyf gl;{ª Joj:yfkgsf ljljw
kIfM;+u
;DjlGwt c+zjf6
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! k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ !)
@= ;d:of / ;dfwfgjf6
! k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ !)
;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) jf !% cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) jf !% cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf
Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t
b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
k/ˆo'hlgi6 6]lSgl;og kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k/ˆo'hlgi6 6]lSgl;og kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIff lngsf lgldQ %) ÷ %)
k"0ff{Ísf b'O{ kqx¿ /xg] 5g\ . b'j} kqsf] s"n cÍ hf]8\bf s"n k"0ff{Í !)) df Go"gtd\ %)∞ cÍ
-cyf{t %) cÍ_ k|fKt u/]sf pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotf;"rL tof/ kf/L tf]lsPsf] ;+Vofdf
cGt/jftf{sf nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
lnlvt k/LIff of]hgf - Examination scheme _
k|Zg ;+Vof X
k"0ff{Í k/LIff k|0fnL
kq
kb
k|yd
k/ˆo'hlgi6
6]lSgl;og
låtLo
%)
j:t'ut jx'pQ/
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ljifout
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lnlvt k/LIffsf] dfWod efiff g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL cyjf g]kfnL / c+u|]hL b'j} x'g
;Sg]5 .
k|yd kq / låtLo kqsf] lnlvt k/LIff 5'§f5'§} x'g]5 .
k|yd kqdf j:t'ut jx'pQ/ -MMultiple Choice_ k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ ;xL lbPdf
k|To]s ;xL pQ/ jfkt ! -Ps_ c+s k|bfg ul/g]5, unt pQ/ lbPdf k|To]s unt
pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
låtLo kqsf ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !)
cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or
more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
%=
^=
&=
*=
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
o; eGbf cuf8L nfu" ePsf] dfly plNnlvt ;d"xsf] kf7\os|d vf/]h ul/Psf] 5
kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
k/ˆo'hlgi6 6]lSgl;og kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k|yd kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
Anatomy and Physiology of the cardiovascular system
Fundamental knowledge of drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Knowledge of antibiotics
Fundamentals of Medical microbiology and methods of sterilization
Basic cardiovascular pathology
Principles of perfusion technology
a. physiology of extracorporeal circulation
b. heart, lung machine basics
c. Principles extra corporeal circulation
d. History of evolution of Pump
e. Principles of extracorporeal gas exchange
f. Various types of Oxygenators-bubble-membrane
g. Theory of blood pump-pulsatile flow- continuous flow
h. Occlusive and non-occlusive pump
i. Various types of pumps-rotatory, roller, bellow, compression, diaphragm
ventricle pump
j. IABP
k. Elements of extra corporeal circulation and its hazards
l. Blood filters
m. Bubble trap
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
Flow meter
Temperature probes
Heat exchangers
Regulating Device
Connections of Vascular system and extracorporeal circulation
Venous drainage
Suction pump
Hemodynamic of arterial reentry
Arterial infusion
Cardiotomy blood return
Assembly and Packaging :Material used for wrapping and packing assembling pack contents. Types of packs
prepared. Inclusion of trays and galliparts in packs. Method of wrapping and making
use of indications to show that a pack of container has been through a sterilization
process date stamping
CARDIO-PULMONARY BYPASS AND PERFUSION TECHNOLOGY
1. hemodynamic aspects of total heart-lung bypass
Perfusion flow pressure and resistance distribution of blood flow among various
vascular beds
2. Metabolic aspects of total heart- Lung bypass Oxygen need and perfusion flow
requirements
Perfusion flow and Oxygen uptake
Acid –base balance
Electrolyte and water balance
Oxygen toxicity
3. Effects of perfusion on organs
Brain, heart, lungs, kidney, liver and spleen area and other organs
4. Control of adequacy of perfusion- The ideal perfusion, Monitoring devices, Techniques
of control
5. Hematological problems- Blood prime, Priming solutions, Control of , Effects of various
priming solution on RBC trauma
6. Induced cardiac arrest and myocardial protection, physiological principles of including
cardiac arrest , morphology, function and metabolism of the arrested heart,
Cardioplegia --cold blood, potassium and modified cold prime cardioplegia.
7. Hypothermia- Blood stream cooling nerves, peripheral cooling modes of lood stream
cooling heart and circulation at low temperature.
8. Assisted circulation- circulatory support metabolic support by partial heart lung bypass.
Effects of partial heart , lung bypass on organs.
9. Biomedicus pump
10. LV assist devices- LV AD, RVAD, BIVAD,
11. Intra-aoratic balloon pump-IABP
12. Auto transfusion, cell saver.
INTRODUCTION TO SURGERY
History of cardiac surgery
Basic information of closed and open……
Importance of Team work
Equipments used in wards and operating room
CARDIO PLUMONARY BYPASS AND COMPLICATIONS
Complications while initiating the bypass , during bypass and at the termination of bypass
Hemolysis / haematuria/ hemoglobinurea
Air locking, air embolism
Rewarming and cooling, cerebral damage
Loss of electrical power- running a pump with hand rotation.
MAINTENANCE
Proper cleaning, attending trouble shoot in time and periodical maintenance including
cultures taken specific intervals from heart, lung machine and hemotherm.
k/ˆo'hlgi6 6]lSgl;og kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
bf];|f] kqM ;]jf ;DaGwL
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL
-s_ lq=lj= ;ef, k|fl1s kl/ifb\, sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, ljBf kl/ifb\sf] u7g, sfd
st{Jo / clwsf/jf/] 1fg
-v_ lzIfs sd{rf/L ;]jf;DaGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _ sf] hfgsf/L
- kl/R5]b %,^,&,*,( / !) dfq _ .
-u_ lq=lj cfly{s Joj:yfkg / ;~ro sf]if ;DjGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _
jf/] hfgsf/L - kl/R5]b @( / #) dfq _ .
@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg
-s_ g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%% jf/] cfwf/e"t 1fg
-v_ cfkm\gf] Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt kl/ifb / cfrf/;+lxtf jf/] 1fg .
.
-u_ :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx¿
- Medico legal case
- Disposal of dead body
- dfgj cË k|Tof/f]k0f (Organ transplantation )
-3_= k/ˆo'hg sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt k]zfsf] cfbz{tf / Jojxfl/s kIf;+u ;DalGwt
1fg
-ª_ c:ktfn k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf
-r_= lq=lj= lzIf0f c:ktfnsf] ;~rfng k|s[of;DaGwdf 1fg
-5_ c:ktfnsf] alx/Ë ;]jf, cGt/Ë ;]jf, cfsl:ds ;]jf / zNols|of ;]jf
;~rfng ;DalGwt 1fg .
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@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg # k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ #)
;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6}
k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
lkmlhof]y]/flki6 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
lkmlhof]y]/flki6 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIff lngsf lgldQ %) ÷ %) k" 0ff{Ísf b'O{
kqx¿ /xg] 5g\ . b'j} kqsf] s"n cÍ hf]8\bf s"n k"0ff{Í !)) df Go"gtd\ %)∞ cÍ -cyf{t %)
cÍ_ k|fKt u/]sf pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotf;"rL tof/ kf/L tf]lsPsf] ;+Vofdf cGt/jftf{sf nflu
5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
lnlvt k/LIff of]hgf - Examination scheme _
k|Zg ;+Vof X
k"0ff{Í k/LIff k|0fnL
kq
kb
k|yd
lkmlhof]y]/flki6
låtLo
%)
j:t'ut jx'pQ/
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%)
ljifout
-Subjective_
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@=
#=
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%) X ! Ö %)
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X
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lnlvt k/LIffsf] dfWod efiff g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL cyjf g]kfnL / c+u|]hL b'j} x'g
;Sg]5 .
k|yd kq / låtLo kqsf] lnlvt k/LIff 5'§f5'§} x'g]5 .
k|yd kqdf j:t'ut jx'pQ/ -MMultiple Choice_ k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ ;xL lbPdf
k|To]s ;xL pQ/ jfkt ! -Ps_ c+s k|bfg ul/g]5, unt pQ/ lbPdf k|To]s unt
pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
låtLo kqsf ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !)
cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or
more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
o; eGbf cuf8L nfu" ePsf] dfly plNnlvt ;d"xsf] kf7\os|d vf/]h ul/Psf] 5
kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
lkmlhof]y]/flki6 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k|yd kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
1. Introduction to physiotherapy
- Definition / scope in the context of Nepal
- Field of physiotherapy
- Disability awareness
2. Applied anatomy
2.1 Musculo skeletal system (brief)
2.2 Cardio respiratory system
2.3 Neuro anatomy- motor and sensory cortex, its afferent and efferent fibesr (brief) –
spinal cord, Sympathetic and parasympathetic function (brief)
2.4 Dermatology (brief)
2.5 Obstetrics and Gynecology brief
3. Electrotherapeutic Modalities
3.1 Uses
3.2 Indication
3.3 Contraindication
4. Therapeutic exercise / treatment Planning
4.1 Upper and lower limbs exercises
4.2 Neck and back muscles exercises
4.3 Soft Tissue manipulation
5. Rehabilitation (institutional and community based)
5.1 Therapeutic exercise in Musculo skeletal disorder (brief)
Deformities (Upper and lower limbs) Acquired congenital
5.2 Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Cerebral plasy, quadriplegia, Parkinsonism, Meningitis,
Encephalitis (brief)
5.3 Amputation
5.4 Neurological disorder
5.4.1 Central
5.4.1.1 Brain brief
5.4.1.2 Spinal cord brief
1.5 Peripheral disorder
1.5.1 Brachial Plexus
1.5.2 Radial Nerve plasy
1.5.3 Ulnar Nerve plasy
1.5.4 Median Nerve Plasy
1.5.5 Sciatic Nerve paralysis
1.5.6 Common Peronial paralysis
1.5.7 Poliomyelitis
1.6 Cardio respiratory
5.6.1 Anatomy, Physiology and function of Lungs (brief)
5.6.2 Anatomy, Physiology and function of Heart (brief)
5.7 Cardio respiratory diseases (brief)
5.7.1 Upper and lower respiratory diseases (brief)
5.7.2 Cardio diseases most common (brief)
5.8 Cardio respiratory physiotherapy brief
5.9 Dermatology diseases : Leprosy
Burn and Plastic surgery (Neck, Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, Fingers, Lower
limbs
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.
-u_ :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx¿
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;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
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k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
lnlvt k/LIff of]hgf - Examination scheme _
k|Zg ;+Vof X
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;Sg]5 .
k|yd kq / låtLo kqsf] lnlvt k/LIff 5'§f5'§} x'g]5 .
k|yd kqdf j:t'ut jx'pQ/ -MMultiple Choice_ k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ ;xL lbPdf
k|To]s ;xL pQ/ jfkt ! -Ps_ c+s k|bfg ul/g]5, unt pQ/ lbPdf k|To]s unt
%=
^=
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(=
pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
låtLo kqsf ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !)
cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or
more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
o; eGbf cuf8L nfu" ePsf] dfly plNnlvt ;d"xsf] kf7\os|d vf/]h ul/Psf] 5
kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
kmfd]{;L cl;i6]06 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k|yd kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
2.
Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical production and quality controlPharmaceutical dosage forms; pharmaceutical excipients and their selection;
manufacturing of various dosage forms; conventional drug delivery system;
Pharmaceutical packaging; Packaging materials and their selection; Quality control
tests of various dosage forms
3.
Dispersing and hospital pharmacy:Prescription, types and parts of prescription; handling prescription; Good pharmacy
practice; drug supply management; pharmaceutical posology; calculations for
extemporaneous preparations; rational and irrational drug use; patient compliance/
non compliance, counseling and guidance in a community, Role of pharmacist in
community health care and education; communication skills; incompatibilities and
their correction; dispersing of pharmaceutical preparations; standard treatment
schedule; patients medication history; organization and structure of a hospital and
hospital pharmacy; responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist; hospital formulary;
drug store management and inventory control; drug distribution systems in
hospitals; central sterile and non- sterile products and their quality control; records
and reports; Surgical and medical devices
4.
Pharmacognosy:Classification of crude drugs; Collection, cultivation, drying, storage and
deterioration of medical plants; Adulteration and substitution; Quality control and
WHO guidelines for the assessment of crude drugs; Pharmacognostical study of the
drugs of biological origin (Volatile Oil, Fixed Oil, Resins, Tannin, Alkaloid,
Glycosides, Tumor, inhibitors, Hallucinogens, phytotoxins and phyllo allergens,
Natural pesticides); Separation technique & their application to isolation of
constituent; Renounced medicinal plants of Nepal; Plant based drugs in modern
medicine
5.
Pharmacology:-
Pharmacokinetics, Mechanism of action, adverse effects, therapeutic uses, precaution,
contraindication, drug interaction of drugs of various classes; adverse drug reactions;
gene therapy; various routes of drug administration; special techniques of drug
administration;
6.
Management:Fundamentals of management; Role of a manager; Functions of management;
planning organizing staffing; directing; controlling and evaluating, budgeting.
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-s_ c:ktfn k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf
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Professional and acts, regulations and others
Drug act 2035 and various regulations an codes therein ; national drug policy
;narcotic (control) act; pharmacy council act and regulation; pharmacopeia and
formulary; essential drug list; clinical trial; generic versus brand products;
GMP,GPP,GLP; national drug regulatory bodies and related activities; health
care system in Nepal
k|Zg of]hgf
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;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
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k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
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#=
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pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
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cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or
more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
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kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
/]l8of]u|fkm/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
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1. Anatomy and Physiology
- Human cell
- The tissues
- Anatomical positions
- The structure and function of bone
- Development and growth of bone
- Bones of Skull
- Bones of vertebral column
- Bones and joints upper limb
- Bones and joints of lower limb
- Blood, blood vessels and heart
- Pulmonary circulation
- Systemic circulation
- The Lymphatic system
- Anatomy of respiratory organs
- Physiology of respiration
- Anatomy and function of major digestive organs
-
Anatomy of major urinary system
The function of Kidneys
Brain and spinal cord
Pituitary thyroid and adrenal glands
Male and Female reproductive system
Introduction to eye, ear and skin
2. Radiographic Technique
- Routine and supplementary radiographic technique of upper limb
- Routine and supplementary radiographic technique of lower limb
- Routine radiographic technique of pelvic girdle
- Routine radiographic technique of thoracic cage and its contents
- Apical view. Lordotic view, decubitus views of chest
- Routine and emergency radiographic technique of abdomen
- Radiographic technique of vertebral column, odontoid peg, invertebral
foramina and Sacro-illac joints
- Routine radiographic technique of skull, mastoids, TM joint, orbits, PNS,
nasal bone
3. Radiological procedures
 Definition and types of radiological contrast media
 Contrast media reactions and their management
 Barium swallow
 Barium meal and followthrough
 Barium enema
 Intravenous urography (IVU)
 Cystography
 Micturating cysto-urethrography (MCU)
 Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
 Pecutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage (PTC and PTCD)
 Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP)
 Operative and T-tube Cholangiography
 Ward and Operation Theatre radiography
 Aortography
 Carotid and vertebral angiography
 Femoral angiography
 Venography
 Sinography/ fistulography
 Dacryocystography (DCG)
 Mammography
4. Radiographic photography
- Construction of different types of X-ray films
- Spectral sensitivity and film types
5.
X-ray film characteristic curve
Sensitometry, film speed, contrast, density and latitude
Film artifacts
Construction, function and types of intensifying screens
Radiographic Image quality and factors affecting image quality
Exposure factors
Manual X-ray film processing
Processing Chemicals
Automatic film processing
Planning a dark room
Silver recovery
Radiographic equipment
Basic atomic structure
Production and properties of X-rays
Basic Interaction of X-rays with matter
Biological effects of radiation
Basic radiation units
Principle of radiation measurement
Principles of radiation protection
Radiation protection apparels
Need of personnel monitoring and personnel monitoring devices
Construction and functioning of an x-ray tube
Construction
Stationary and rotating anode x-ray tubes
Advances in x-ray tube design
X-ray control panel , x-ray table and x-ray tube support
Control of kV and mA
Exposure timers
Scatter radiation and their control
X-ray grid- construction, characteristics, functions and types
Air gap technique
Portable and mobile x-ray equipment
Fluoroscopy and image intensifier
6. Patient care and management
- Clinical and legal responsibility of a radiographer
- General preliminaries to x-ray examination and stretcher
- care of patients in wheel chair and stretcher
- The anaesthetized patient
- General comfort and reassurance of the patients
- Common drugs used in radiology department
- Sterilization and sterile techniques
- Emergencies in Radiology department
-
Definition and first aid management of different types of shock
Definition and first aid management of drowning and poisoning
Hemorrhage and their types
First aid management of external bleeding
Burns, heat stroke, and their First aid management
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Fractures and dislocations
Foreign bodies in eye, ear, nose and throat and their first aid
management
Medico legal aspects during radiography
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.
-u_ :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx¿
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- dfgj cË k|Tof/f]k0f (Organ transplantation )
-3_= /]l8of]u|fkmL sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt k]zfsf] cfbz{tf / Jojxfl/s kIf;+u ;DalGwt
1fg
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;~rfng ;DalGwt 1fg
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;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
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k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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%) cÍ_ k|fKt u/]sf pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotf;"rL tof/ kf/L tf]lsPsf] ;+Vofdf cGt/jftf{sf
nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
lnlvt k/LIff of]hgf - Examition scheme _
k|Zg ;+Vof X
k"0ff{Í k/LIff k|0fnL
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ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f
nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or
more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
o; eGbf cuf8L nfu" ePsf] dfly plNnlvt ;d"xsf] kf7\os|d vf/]h ul/Psf] 5
kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
;xfoos 8fOl6l;og kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k|yd kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
Unit 1
Introduction to nutrition, nutrients in food- carbohydrate, protein, vitamins, minerals and
water
Unit 2
Classification Functions, Digestion, absorption, sources, recommended dietary
allowances, deficiency and excess of the nutrients
Unit 3
Energy, energy units, energy yielding food factors, determination of energy requirement,
RDA.
Unit 4
Basal metabolic rate, measurement of BMR Factors affecting basal metabolic rate
Unit 5
Classification and Nutritive value of different foods-cereals, pulses and legumes, fruits ,
vegetables, meat, fish, egg, milk and milk products, oils, nuts and spices
Unit 6
Balanced diet, food groups, planning diets, principles of planning diets, nutritional and
food requirement for different age groups
Unit 7
Principles and method of cooking, Loss of nutrients during cooking
Unit 8
Therapeutic diet- Routine hospital diets, special feeding methods, pre and post operative
diets
Unit 9
A etiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, complication, dietary management of Diabetes
mellitus, fever, diseases of liver, kidney, cardiovascular disorders, anemia’s,
gastrointestinal diseases
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k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
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xsdf
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more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
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A. Microbiology
1 Bacteriology
1.1 General knowledge about bacteriology
1.2 Morphology of bacteria (size, shape)
1.3 Differentiation of bacteria (cocci, bacilli)
1.4 Sample collection (pus, urine, throat swab, sputum, blood)
1.5 Principle of Gram’s stain, microscopic identification of gram +ve and gram
_ve bacteria
1.6 Staining-use of different dye and its principle, method of preparation
1.7 Mycobacteria-M. tuberculosis/M.leprae, sample collection, staining and
recording result
1.8 Preparation of sputum smear
1.9 Safety precaution and proper disposal of infected materials
1.10 Culture media-general introduction to different type of culture media
1.11 General introduction to sterilization-by dry heat, moist heat
1.12 Cultural technique of blood, urine, sputum, throat swab
1.13 Use of disinfectants-preparation of disinfectant solution
2. Parasitology
2.1 Introduction to parasitology
2.2 Terms used in parasitology
2.3 Classification of parasites
2.4 Helminthic parasites (ascaries, lumbricoides, ancylostoma duodenale, necatar
Americans, trichiuris trichiura, strongyloides stercoralis, enteribius vermicularies,taenia,
solium, taenia saginata, hyminilepis Nana, life cycle, mode of transmission, laboratory
diagnosis, prevention and control measures
2.5 Protozoal parasites ( Giardia lamblia, entamoeba hystolytica, entameba coli, balatidum
coli, trichomonas, vaginalis, trichomonas hominis)-life cycle mode of transmission,
laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control measures
2.6 Dysentery (amoebic and bacillary dysentery)
2.7 Difference between entamoeba hystolytica and entamoeba coli
2.8 Laboratory procedure;
2.8.1 Collection of sample
2.8.2 Preparation of reagents; normal saline solution, iodine solution, 33% Zinc sulphate
solution
2.8.3 Stool examination –routine and concentration method, interpretation of results
2.8.4 Occult blood test
2.8.5 Disposal of waste materials
1 Composition of blood, plasma, serum and whole blood
2 Collection of blood sample- finger prick, vein puncture, ear, lobe prick
3 Anticoagulants, types of anticoagulants, preparation of anticoagulantvials
B. Haematology
1. Composition of blood plasma, serum and whole blood
2. Collection of blood sample-finger prick, Vein puncture, car lobe prick
3. Anticoagulants, types of anticoagulants, Preparation of anticoagulantvials
4. Use of instruments- Sahli’s haemoglobinometer, haemocytometers, diluting,
pipettes, Neubaur counting chamber, ESR tubes, importance of Bulk dilution,
preparation of blood diluting fluid
5. Preparation of thin and thick blood smears
6. Total WBC, RBC and platelet count
7. Sources of error in blood count
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Differential WBC count
ESR estimation (Wintrobe and Westergreen method)
Haemoglobin estimation, preparation of Standard curve
Preparation of Drabkin’s solution
Use of sahli haemoglobinometer
Preparation of N/10 HCl
Performance of BT, CT
Staining procedurePreparation and use of Wrights stain and its principle
Blood parasites-Malaria, Filaria
Perform blood grouping
Sources of errors in above haematological tests
Quality control in haematology
C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Biochemistry
Basic chemistry- matter, substance, atom and molecules, element, compound
Solution- preparation of Normal solution
Cleaning of glass- wares
Instrument-Colorimeter, centrifuge, Balance, Refregerator
Law of colorimetry- Beers and Lambert’s law
Collection of specimen for biochemical test
Estimation of B glucose, preparation of Standard curve interpretation of results,
sources of errors
Estimation of blood urea, interpretation of results, source of errors
Preparation of reagents for Glucose, Urea
Estimation of S amylase and calculation of results
CSF-Glucose, Protein, cell count, Gram’s stain, AFB stain
8.
9.
10.
11.
D. Miscellaneous
1. Urine analysis
1.1 Importance of urine analysis
1.2 Collection of specimen
1.3 Preservation of urine for routine and culture purpose
1.4 Examination of Urinary deposit
1.5 Urine albumin test by heat and acetic acid, SSA method & strip
1.6 Urinary glucose test by Benedict’s & strip method
1.7 Preparation of Benedict’s reagent
2. Semen analysis
2.1 Volume
2.2 Motility
2.3 Sperm count
3. Instrumentation
3.1 Microscope- use of microscope, parts of microscope, handling of microscope
3.2 Use of incubators, hot air oven, water bath, refrigerator, chemical balance,
colorimeter
3.3 Basic knowledge of glass wares (test tube, flask, measuring cylinder
4. Immunology
4.1 Perform VDRL and HIV tests
4.2 Definition of precipitation, agglutination, flocculation
5. Quality control of following tests
5.1 Gram’s stain
5.2 TC, DC, Hb, ESR
5.3 Blood sugar, Blood urea
6. Basic knowledge of anatomy and Physiology
6.1 Digestive system-pancreatic amylase, ptylin
6.2 Urinary system-kidney, bladder, ureter
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;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
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k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
d]l8sn cl;i6]06 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
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nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
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k|To]s ;xL pQ/ jfkt ! -Ps_ c+s k|bfg ul/g]5, unt pQ/ lbPdf k|To]s unt
pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
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xsdf
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more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
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kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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1. Introduction, National Policy, Planning, Strategies and implementation status of
Public health programs in Nepal
1.1 Family Planning, Safe Motherhood
1.2 Control of Diarrheal diseases (CDD) , Acute respiratory diseases (ARI),
Nutrition, Nutritional programme on Immunization & Integrated
management of childhood illness (IMCI)
1.3 Malaria, kalazar, Japanese Incephalitis, Filaria
1.4 Human Immuno Difficiency, Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) and sexuality transmitted diseases (STD) control
1.5 Tuberculosis and Leprosy control
1.6 Health education, Information and Communication)
2. Epidemiology and Disease control
2.1 Definition , scope, causes of disease and infection
2.2 Types and management of diseases
2.3 Management of Epidemics
2.4 Causes, signs, , symptoms, Management prevention, and control of
Gastroenteristis, Dysentery, Cholera, Typhoid, Fever, Girardiasis, Malaria,
Falariasis, Encephalitis, Kala-azar, Parasitic infection, Scabies, Chicken Pox,
Influenza, Mumps, Rabies, Hepatitis, Ring worm, Leprosy, Tuberculosis,
Helminthiasis, Pertusis, Measles and diptheria
3. Reproductive Health Problems and interventions
3.1 Male and female Reproductive system Mechanism of Menstruation,
Conception, Evolution, Vaginal discharge, Management of Per vaginal Bleeding,
Post Management Bleeding, Uterine Prolapsed, Pelvic inflammatory diseases
Causes, sign, symptoms and complication of Entopic Pregnancy, Management of
Engorgement of Mastititis and breast Abscess
3.2 Management of normal labor and early diagnosis and referral of complicated
Pregnancy, Labor Puerperium
3.3 Safe Abortions, Permanent and temporary contraceptives
4. Environmental sanitation
Water purification, Waste management, Flood hygiene sanitation of public
places, Health Hazards, Sanitary Latrines, Basic measures in controlling
Rodents, Medical importance and measures of controlling common vectors
and insects
5. Child Health Problems and Interventions
Common Neo-natal problems, Common child health problems like CDD, ARI, Malaria, and
Malnutrition, Nutritional interventions, Immunization Services,
6. General medicines
General History taking, Simple Physical examination, Systemic examination, Various
methods of diagnosis, Complication and management of diseases, _Respiratory,
Digestive, Cardiovascular, Urinary, Endocrine, Hematology, and Central nervous
system with its terminology, Etiology and clinical featuresa
7. First Aid and emergency management
8. Shock, Poisoning, Injuries, Hemorrhage, External bleeding, Thermal and chemical Burns,
Fracture and dislocation, Frost bite, Insect bite, Animal Bite, Snake bite, and drowning,
Abscess and Cellulitis
9. Skin Diseases
10. Impetigo, Contagious, Bolls, Tinea Infection, Herpes Zoster, Scabies, Eczema, Allergic
Conditions and Acute drug reaction
11. Elementary Surgery
11.1 Haemorrhage, Management of acute Retention of Urine, Causes of frequent urination,
and Nocturia, Management of Rupture of Urethra, Haematuria, Phymosis,
Paraphymosis, Hydrocele, Head Injury, Clinical features, and management of
Osteomyclitis, Local Anesthsia, Sterilization of surgical Instruments
12. Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat diseases
12.1
General Examination procedures of Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat
13.2
13.3
Sign and symptoms and general management of Eye lid complications,
Red Eyes, Trachoma, corneal ulcer, Night Blindness, Cataract Pterygium,
Iridocyclitis, Glaucoma and foreign body in eyes
Removal of wax and foreign bodies, Sign and symptoms and management
of Otititis, Media, Ototitis Externa and referral conditions of hearing
problems,
13.4
Deviated Nasal septum, Nasal polyps, Epitaxix and Sinusitis
13.5
Clinical features, Complications and management of Acute tonsillitis,
Pharyngytis and Laryngitis
13. Oral Health and mental health
13.1.1
Dental carries, Perodontitis Peridonal pockets, and abscess, Importance
and maintenance of oral Hygiene
13.2
Psychosis, Neurosis, and mental Retardation
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lgoGq0fsf] cj:yf jf/] 1fg .
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lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
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1. Fundamentals of Nursing:
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;do !=#) 306f
• Basic needs of clients
• The nursing process
• Stress and coping mechanism
• First aid treatment
• Administration of drugs
• Infection prevention
• Methods of collecting different specimen for routine and culture test
-Cardinal signs and their assessment
-Laboratory test of blood, urine, Stoop & sputum and nursing role
-Physical needs
-Comfort measures
-Safety measures
-Nutritional need
-Meeting elimination needs
-Hot and cold application
-Active and passive exercise
-First aid care
2. Integrated Sciences Applied to Nursing
- Anatomy and Physiology of all body systems
- Body mechanisms, Friction, Gravity, Newton's Law, Force, Transfer of heat,
Fluid and electrolyte, Osmosis, Difussion, Acid base balance, Rehydration
therapy, Common investigation and its significance, parasites and micro
organses effecting human body Common drugs, its action and side effects.
3. Adult Nursing
- Developmental tasks, needs and life style of young adult, middle age adult and
elderly adult, Common diagnostic procedures
- Medical and surgical nursing care of patient with different body system
disorders including their causes signs & symptom , complication and
therapeutic management
- Operation theatre technique
- Care of patient with psychiatric disorders like psychosis, neurosis,
epilepsy, alcoholism drug dependency and special treatment
4. Community Health Nursing
•Health indicators
• Nutrition, deficiency diseases and management
• Immunization
• Communicable diseases and management
• Health education
• Family planning
5. Midwifery and Gynaecological nursing
- Anatomy and Physiology of male and female reproductive systems
- Physiological change during pregnancy, labor and puerperium
- Diagnosis of pregnancy
- Antenatal examination and care
- Minor and major disorders of pergnancy
- Medical disorders
- Malpresentation and malposition
-Drugs used in midwifery
-PMTCT
- Care of women in labor
- Episiotomy and repair
- Obstetric emergencies
- Abnormal labor
- Normal puerperium
- Minor disorders of puerperium
- Care of postnatal mother and newborn
- New born problems
-Disorder of Uterine Bleeding
-Cystocele and Rectocele
-Uterine Prolaps
-Vesico Vaginal Fistula
-STD/HIV/AIDS
-Infertility
6. Pediatric Nursing
• Major developmental characteristics and milestones
• Promoting optimum development of children
• Adolescent changes and problems
• Major killer diseases
• Common health problems in children and their nursing management
• Common health hazards in children in Nepal and their prevention
• Congenital disorders/disabilities
• Role of nurses in reduction of mortality rate of children
• Nursing care of critically ill children
k|Zg of]hgf
! k|Zg x !% cÍ ≠ !%
@ k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ @)
# k|Zg x % cÍ ≠ !%
;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) jf !% cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) jf !% cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6}
k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf
a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
:6fkm g;{ kbsf] v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf] kf7\oqmd
bf];|f] kq M ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL c+z / k]zf;+u ;DjlGwt 1fg
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL
k"0ff{Í %)
;do !=#) 306f
-s_ lq=lj= ;ef, k|fl1s kl/ifb\, sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, ljBf kl/ifb\sf] u7g, sfd
st{Jo / clwsf/jf/] 1fg
-v_ lzIfs sd{rf/L ;]jf;DaGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _ sf] hfgsf/L
- kl/R5]b %,^,&,*,( / !) dfq _ .
-u_ lq=lj cfly{s Joj:yfkg / ;~ro sf]if ;DjGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _
jf/] hfgsf/L - kl/R5]b @( / #) dfq _ .
@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg
-s_ g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%% jf/] cfwf/e"t 1fg
-v_ cfkm\gf] Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt kl/ifb / cfrf/;+lxtf jf/] 1fg .
.
-u_ :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx¿
- Medico legal case
- Disposal of dead body
- dfgj cË k|Tof/f]k0f (Organ transplantation )
- nfu' cf}ifb (Narcotic Drugs )
- ue{ktg, (Abortion )
# gl;{ª Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIfM
-s_= gl;{ª k]zfsf] cfbz{tf / Jojxfl/s kIf;+u ;DalGwt 1fg
-v_= g]kfndf gl;{ª k]zfsf cj;/ / r'gf}ltx?
-u_= k|sf]k ;fd'lxs b'3{6gf Joj:yfkgdf gl;{ªsf] e"ldsf
-3_ c:ktfn k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf
-ª_= lq=lj= lzIf0f c:ktfnsf] ;~rfng k|s[of;DaGwdf 1fg
-r_ c:ktfn ;~rfngdf d]6«f]gsf] e"ldsf
$ ;d:of / ;dfwfg –
s'g} klg ;d:of a'em\g / To;sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] k/LIf0f - o; leq
pDd]bjf/sf] cfˆgf] k]zfut zLk, gLltut 1fg / ;d:of ;dfwfgsf a}slNks
pkfox? ;'emfpg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] hf“r ul/g] 5 _+ .
k|Zg of]hgf
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL c+z / k]zf;+u ;DjlGwt 1fgsf] c+zjf6
@ k|Zg x !% cÍ ≠ #)
! k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ !)
@= ;d:of / ;dfwfgjf6
! k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ !)
;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) jf !% cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) jf !% cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf]
k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf
Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
c:ktfn xfp;lsk/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
c:ktfn xfp;lsk/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIff lngsf lgldQ %) ÷ %)
k"0ff{Ísf b'O{ kqx¿ /xg] 5g\ . b'j} kqsf] s"n cÍ hf]8\bf s"n k"0ff{Í !)) df Go"gtd\ %)∞ cÍ
-cyf{t %) cÍ_ k|fKt u/]sf pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotf;"rL tof/ kf/L tf]lsPsf] ;+Vofdf
cGt/jftf{sf nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
kq
kb
lnlvt k/LIff of]hgf - Examination scheme _
k|Zg ;+Vof X
k"0ff{Í k/LIff k|0fnL
c+sef/
;do
k|yd
låtLo
c:ktfn
xfp;lsk/
%)
ljifout
@=
#
$
%=
^=
&=
X
!) Ö %)
!=#) 306f
%
X
!) Ö %)
!=#) 306f
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%)
ljifout
-Subjective_
!=
%
lnlvt k/LIffsf] dfWod efiff g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL cyjf g]kfnL / c+u|]hL b'j} x'g
;Sg]5 .
k|yd kq / låtLo kqsf] lnlvt k/LIff 5'§f5'§} x'g]5 .
k|yd kq / låtLo kqsf ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !)cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf]
xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu
-two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
o; eGbf cuf8L nfu" ePsf] dfly plNnlvt ;d"xsf] kf7\os|d vf/]h ul/Psf] 5
kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
c:ktfn xfp;lsk/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k|yd kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
!=
xfp; lslkËsf] kl/ro
!)
xfp; lslkË, c:ktfn xfp; lslkË / ;?jf /f]usf] lgoGq0f tyf Go"lgs/0f, c:ktfn
;/;kmfO{, c:ktfndf lj/fdL ;+u ckl/xfo{ e"ldsf / xfp; lslkËsf] ;DjGw .
@=
kmf]x/ Joj:Yffkg
@)
kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg, kmf]x/ ;'l4s/0f, kmfNg] tl/sf, /f]u ;fg]{ lsl;dsf clt vt/fhgs l;l/Gh,
/ut ldl;Psf] kmf]xf]/ / To;jf6 jRg] pkfox?, kmf]x/ z'l4s/0f, Snfl/g emf]n, k+hfsf] k|of]u,
ck|]zg lyP6/jf6 lgl:sPsf] d[t c+ux? kmfNg] tl/sf .
#=
Ogl;g/]6/
!)
kl/ro, k|sf/ To;n] aftfj/0fdf k'/\ofpg] c;/x? / o;jf6 jftfj/0fnfO{ arfpg] pkfox?
Ogl;g/]6/df hfpg' kg]{ kmf]x/sf] k|sf/ .
$=
c:ktfn xfp; lslkË ;DjlGw sk8fsf] ;/;kmfO{
!)
c:ktfnnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg k|sf/sf sk8fx?, o;sf] ;/;kmfO{, kbf{sf] Joj:yfkg,
lj/fdLsf] ufpg, cGo ;fdfg kf]sf] kfg]{ sk8fx? / o;sf] dxTj .
c:ktfn xfp;lsk/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
bf];|f] kqM ;]jf ;DaGwL
k"0ff{Í %)
;do !=#) 306f
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL
-s_ lq=lj= ;ef, k|fl1s kl/ifb\, sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, ljBf kl/ifb\sf] u7g, sfd
st{Jo / clwsf/jf/] 1fg
-v_ lzIfs sd{rf/L ;]jf;DaGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _ sf] hfgsf/L
- kl/R5]b %,^,&,*,( / !) dfq _ .
-u_ lq=lj cfly{s Joj:yfkg / ;~ro sf]if ;DjGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _
jf/] hfgsf/L - kl/R5]b @( / #) dfq _ .
@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg
-s_= c:ktfn k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf
-v_ c:ktfnsf] alx/Ë ;]jf, cGt/Ë ;]jf, cfsl:ds ;]jf / zNols|of ;]jf
;~rfng ;DalGwt 1fg
-u_ Joj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt 1fg / cGo xfp; lslkË ;]jf;DaGwL 1fg
– xfp; lslkË Joj:yfkg
– au}+rf Joj:yfkg M– k|sf/ / km}nfj6
– kmlg{r/ Joj:yfkg M
– 9n jf kmf]xf]/ kfgL Joj:yfkg M
-3_ Joj:yfkgsf l;åfGt / c:ktfn Joj:yfkgdf o;sf] pkof]lutf
k|Zg of]hgf
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL c+zjf6 @ k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ @)
@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg # k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ #)
;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6}
k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
lSnlgsn cl;i6]06 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
lSnlgsn cl;i6]06 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIff lngsf lgldQ %) ÷ %) k"0ff{Ísf
b'O{ kqx¿ /xg] 5g\ . b'j} kqsf] s"n cÍ hf]8\bf s"n k"0ff{Í !)) df Go"gtd\ %)∞ cÍ -cyf{t
%) cÍ_ k|fKt u/]sf pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotf;"rL tof/ kf/L tf]lsPsf] ;+Vofdf cGt/jftf{sf
nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
lnlvt k/LIff of]hgf - Examination scheme _
k|Zg ;+Vof X
k"0ff{Í k/LIff k|0fnL
kq
kb
k|yd
lSnlgsn
%)
j:t'ut jx'pQ/
c+sef/
%) X ! Ö %)
;do
$% ldg]6
låtLo
cl;i6]06
- Multiple Choise_
%)
ljifout
%
X
!) Ö %)
-Subjective_
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
!=#) 306f
lnlvt k/LIffsf] dfWod efiff g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL cyjf g]kfnL / c+u|]hL b'j} x'g
;Sg]5 .
k|yd kq / låtLo kqsf] lnlvt k/LIff 5'§f5'§} x'g]5 .
k|yd kqdf j:t'ut jx'pQ/ -MMultiple Choice_ k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ ;xL lbPdf
k|To]s ;xL pQ/ jfkt ! -Ps_ c+s k|bfg ul/g]5, unt pQ/ lbPdf k|To]s unt
pQ/ jfkt @) k|ltzt cyf{t )=@ c+s s§f ul/g]5 . t/ pQ/ glbPdf To;
jfkt c+s lbOg] 5}g / c+s s§f klg ul/g] 5}g .
låtLo kqsf ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf]
xsdf
!) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or
more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
o; eGbf cuf8L nfu" ePsf] dfly plNnlvt ;d"xsf] kf7\os|d vf/]h ul/Psf] 5
kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
lSnlgsn cl;i6]06 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k|yd kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
1. Anatomy and physiology (Anatomical structure and function of the different
organs of the body system)
A. Digestive system
B. Respiratory System
C. Cardiovascular system
D. Reproductive system
E.
F.
G.
H.
Endocrine system
Nervous system
Skeletal system
Sense organ system
2. Health education and Community health
A. Health education
- Health education, importance and method
- Communication and barrier of communication
B. Community health
a. Epidemiology
- Definition of Epidemiology
- Epidemiological investigation
- Disease prevention
- Basic principles of disease transmission
b. Environmental sanitation
I. Environmental sanitation
II. Scope of Environmental sanitation
III. Water (source, water purification)
IV. Excreta disposal and faecal born disease
V. Solid waste method of termination
VI. Disposal of waste water
VII. Health and disease spectrum
VIII. Food sanitation
IX. Insects and rodents and their importance in public health
3.
A.
Basic medical procedure and First aid treatment
First aid treatment
- First aid:- Shock, bleeding, burn/scalds, fracture, Ear, throat, Nose and Eye
injuries, poisoning, Snake bite, Insect bite and Animal bite and Frost bite
- Firt aid treatment of electrical injury
- Drawing, choking, high fever fit and convulsion
B. Basic medical procedures
-
Vital signs
Investigation process and importance of urine, stool, blood, sputum, pus and
throat swallow collection
Bandage (Importance ,types and application)
Technique of giving injection
Sterilization process, importance, type and method
4. Maternal and Child health, Family planning and Nutrition
A. Maternal and child health
I.
Antenatal care
II.
High risk group (mother)
III.
Delivery care
IV.
Stages of labor
V.
New Born care
VI.
Abortion
VII.
Six killer diseases (Tuberculosis. Tetanus, Polio, Pertusis, Diphtheria
VIII.
Measles
B. Family Planning
I.
Population education
II.
Measures to solve population problems
III.
Family planning methods
IV.
Temporary method,
V.
permanent method
C. Nutrition
I.
Source of nutrients
II.
Nutritional status measurements
III.
Breast feeding, Weaning and supplementary foods
IV.
PEM (Protein Energy Malnutrition) sign /symptoms, prevention and treatment
V.
Vitamins, Minerals, sources, deficiency, disease, sign/symptom of deficiency
disease and management
5. Communicable disease
A. Microbiology
I.
Micro organisms (Bacteria, Virus, parasites, fungus, protozoa, helminthes)
B. Communicable Diseases
Communicable Disease and non communicable disease, causes, clinical features,
treatment, complaints and prevention of:
i.
ii.
iii.
Amoebic, bacillary, dysentery, giardiasis
Cholera, Tuberculosis, malaria
Parasitic diseases
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
Viral disease (AIDS, Chicken pox, measles, influenza, and common cold,
mumps, Rabies, infective hepatitis, poliomyelitis, trachoma)
Bacterial disease
Leprosy, pertusis, tetanus, gastro-enteritis
Enteric fever, diphtheria, syphilis, gonorrhea.
6. Medicine & Surgery
A. Medicine
a. Deficiency disease
I . Anemia, Protein Energy Malnutrtion (PEM), Vitamin deficiency
disease
b. Digestive system
i.
Gastritis, peptic ulcer, cholecystitis
ii.
Appendicitis
iii.
Dysentery
c. Respiratory system
i. Common cold
ii.
Tonsilitis
iii.
Pharyngitis
d. Cardiovascular system
i.
Hypertension
ii.
Rheumatic fever
e. Genito Urinary System
i. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Endocrine system:
i. Diabetes
g. Nervous system:
i. CVA (Carebo Vascular Accident)
ii. Epilepsy
f.
h. Skin problems:
i,. Scabies,
ii. Ring worm
iii. Allergies
B. Surgery:
Definition, clinical features and appropriate treatment of:
i.
Ii
iii.
Wound
Burn and scales
Fracture
iv.
Bleeding
v.
Foreign body in eye, ear, nose and throat
vi.
Common problem of teeth and mouth
vii. Acute abdominal problem
viiii. Acute appendicitis
7. Pharmacy:
i.
Inventory management
ii.
Dispensing
iii.
Narcotic drugs management
iv.
Banded drugs
v.
8. Health management:
i.
Health care system in Nepal
ii.
Job description of Auxiliary health worker (AHW)
lSnlgsn cl;i6]06 kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
bf];|f] kqM ;]jf ;DaGwL
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL
-s_ lq=lj= ;ef, k|fl1s kl/ifb\, sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, ljBf kl/ifb\sf] u7g, sfd
st{Jo / clwsf/jf/] 1fg
-v_ lzIfs sd{rf/L ;]jf;DaGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _ sf] hfgsf/L
- kl/R5]b %,^,&,*,( / !) dfq _ .
-u_ lq=lj cfly{s Joj:yfkg / ;~ro sf]if ;DjGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _
jf/] hfgsf/L - kl/R5]b @( / #) dfq _ .
@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg
-s_ g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%% jf/] cfwf/e"t 1fg
-v_ cfkm\gf] Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt kl/ifb / cfrf/;+lxtf jf/] 1fg .
.
-u_ :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx¿
- Medico legal case
- Disposal of dead body
- dfgj cË k|Tof/f]k0f (Organ transplantation )
-3_= :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt k]zfsf] cfbz{tf / Jojxfl/s kIf;+u ;DalGwt
1fg
-ª_ c:ktfn k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf
-r_ c:ktfnsf] alx/Ë ;]jf, cGt/Ë ;]jf, cfsl:ds ;]jf / zNols|of ;]jf
;~rfng ;DalGwt 1fg
-5_ g]kfndf :jf:Yo ;'/Iff;DalGw Joj:yf -Healthcare system in Nepal_
-h_ g]kfndf w'd|kfg, nfu'kbfy{ / dfbs kbfy{ ;]jgM– k|efj, ;ts{tf /
lgoGq0fsf] cj:yf jf/] 1fg
k|Zg of]hgf
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL c+zjf6 @ k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ @)
@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg # k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ #)
;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6}
k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
lq= lj= ;]jf cfof]u
cl;i6]06 c:ktfn xfp;lsk/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
cl;i6]06 c:ktfn xfp;lsk/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIff lngsf lgldQ %) ÷
%) k"0ff{Ísf b'O{ kqx¿ /xg] 5g\ . b'j} kqsf] s"n cÍ hf]8\bf s"n k"0ff{Í !)) df Go"gtd\ %)∞
cÍ -cyf{t %) cÍ_ k|fKt u/]sf pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotf;"rL tof/ kf/L tf]lsPsf] ;+Vofdf
cGt/jftf{sf nflu 5gf}6 ul/g] 5 .
lnlvt k/LIff of]hgf - Examination scheme _
k|Zg ;+Vof X
k"0ff{Í k/LIff k|0fnL
kq
kb
k|yd
cl;i6]06
c:ktfn
xfp;lsk/
låtLo
!=
@=
#
$
%=
^=
&=
%)
ljifout
c+sef/
% X !) Ö %)
-Subjective_
%)
ljifout
-Subjective_
%
X
!) Ö %)
;do
!=#) 306f
!=#) 306f
lnlvt k/LIffsf] dfWod efiff g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL cyjf g]kfnL / c+u|]hL b'j} x'g
;Sg]5 .
k|yd kq / låtLo kqsf] lnlvt k/LIff 5'§f5'§} x'g]5 .
k|yd kq / låtLo kqsf ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !)cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf]
xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6} k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu
-two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L
l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _
o; kf7\os|ddf h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtf klg kf7\os|ddf k/]sf P]g, lgodx?
k/LIffsf] ldlteGbf # -tLg_ dlxgfcufl8 ;+zf]wg ePsf jf ;+zf]wg eO{ x6fOPsf
jf yk u/L ;+zf]wg eO{ sfod /x]sfnfO{ kf7\os|ddf /x]sf] ;Demg' kb{5 .
lnlvt k/LIffjf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ dfq cGt/jftf{df ;lDdlnt
u/fOg]5 .
o; eGbf cuf8L nfu" ePsf] dfly plNnlvt ;d"xsf] kf7\os|d vf/]h ul/Psf] 5
kf7os|d nfu" x'g] ldlt M @)&) – !) – )@
cl;i6]06 c:ktfn xfp;lsk/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
k|yd kq M ljifout ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg
!=
xfp; lslkËsf] kl/ro
!)
xfp; lslkË, c:ktfn xfp; lslkË / ;?jf /f]usf] lgoGq0f tyf Go"lgs/0f, c:ktfn
;/;kmfO{, c:ktfndf lj/fdL ;+u ckl/xfo{ e"ldsf / xfp; lslkËsf] ;DjGw .
@=
kmf]x/ Joj:Yffkg
@)
kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg, kmf]x/ ;'l4s/0f, kmfNg] tl/sf, /f]u ;fg]{ lsl;dsf clt vt/fhgs l;l/Gh,
/ut ldl;Psf] kmf]xf]/ / To;jf6 jRg] pkfox?, kmf]x/ z'l4s/0f, Snfl/g emf]n, k+hfsf] k|of]u,
ck|]zg lyP6/jf6 lgl:sPsf] d[t c+ux? kmfNg] tl/sf .
#=
Ogl;g/]6/
!)
kl/ro, k|sf/ To;n] aftfj/0fdf k'/\ofpg] c;/x? / o;jf6 jftfj/0fnfO{ arfpg] pkfox?
Ogl;g/]6/df hfpg' kg]{ kmf]x/sf] k|sf/ .
$=
c:ktfn xfp; lslkË ;DjlGw sk8fsf] ;/;kmfO{
!)
c:ktfnnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg k|sf/sf sk8fx?, o;sf] ;/;kmfO{, kbf{sf] Joj:yfkg,
lj/fdLsf] ufpg, cGo ;fdfg kf]sf] kfg]{ sk8fx? / o;sf] dxTj .
cl;i6]06 c:ktfn xfp;lsk/ kbsf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd
bf];|f] kqM ;]jf ;DaGwL
k"0ff{Í %)
;do !=#) 306f
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL
-s_ lq=lj= ;ef, k|fl1s kl/ifb\, sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, ljBf kl/ifb\sf] u7g, sfd
st{Jo / clwsf/jf/] 1fg
-v_ lzIfs sd{rf/L ;]jf;DaGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _ sf] hfgsf/L
- kl/R5]b %,^,&,*,( / !) dfq _ .
-u_ lq=lj cfly{s Joj:yfkg / ;~ro sf]if ;DjGwL lgod @)%) -;+zf]wg ;lxt _
jf/] hfgsf/L - kl/R5]b @( / #) dfq _ .
@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg
-s_= c:ktfn k|zf;g / Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIf
-v_ c:ktfnsf] alx/Ë ;]jf, cGt/Ë ;]jf, cfsl:ds ;]jf / zNols|of ;]jf
;~rfng ;DalGwt 1fg
-u_ Joj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt 1fg / cGo xfp; lslkË ;]jf;DaGwL 1fg
– xfp; lslkË Joj:yfkg
– au}+rf Joj:yfkg M– k|sf/ / km}nfj6
– kmlg{r/ Joj:yfkg M
– 9n jf kmf]xf]/ kfgL Joj:yfkg M
-3_ Joj:yfkgsf l;åfGt / c:ktfn Joj:yfkgdf o;sf] pkof]lutf
k|Zg of]hgf
!= ljZjljBfno ;+u7g ;DjGwL c+zjf6 @ k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ @)
@= Jofj;fo;+u ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod / cGo 1fg # k|Zg x !) cÍ ≠ #)
;j} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ x'g]5g\ .
-ljifout k|Zgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] !) cÍsf k|Zgx¿sf] xsdf !) cÍsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|Zg jf Pp6}
k|Zgsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L efu - two or more parts of a single question _ jf Pp6f k|Zg
cGtu{t b'O{ jf a9L l6Kk0fLx¿ -Short notes _ ;f]Wg ;lsg] 5 . _