Professor Peter Wolfs
Western Power Chair (Transmission and Distribution)
p.wolfs@curtin.edu.au
Courtesy of Andrew Simpson, Curtin University
Sustainability Policy Institute.
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An electric vehicle travelling 14,600km year needs 8kWh
daily.
EV batteries 10-50kWh. PHEV 4-16kWh.
Charging via vehicle inverter – sinusoidal and bidirectional.
Rates – SAE Levels 1 to 3.
Conversion of Australia’s 11.5million light vehicles to pure
electric would require 33,600 GWh in energy annually.
The RET target is 45,000 GWh by 2020.
The 24 hour average electrical demand would be 3.8 GW.
AEMO has 44GW registered (Winter 2009) – east coast only.
If charging is off peak and achieved over 8 hours – 11.4GW.
A 1% vehicle fleet penetration – 114MW – 912MWhr.
Rapidly dispatchable – i.e. sub-second.
George Bellino, “GM’s Approach to Integrating Smart Plug-ins
to the Smart Grid Leverages Emerging Standards and
OnStar”, Green Car Congress, 19August 2009.
Centre for Entrepreneurship & Technology ,University of California, Berkley, “Electric
Vehicles in the United States - A New Model with Forecasts to 2030”, CET Technical Brief
Number 2009.1.v.1.1, July 14, 2009.
F.R. Kalhammer, B.M. Kopf, D.H.Swan, V.P. Roan,
M.P.Walsh, “Status and Prospects for Zero
Emissions Vehicle technology – Report of the
ARB Independent Expert panel 2007”, April 2007
A123 Systems - http://www.a123systems.com/
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Battery packs will be retired with a residual life – Nissan
Sumitomo announcement 21st October 2009
◦ Recycle; Repackage and resell; Grid Support Warehouse
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Weak feeder country support – an industry wide issue
Remote community power systems with high penetrations of
renewables
West Australian Short Term Energy
Market 1/10/2008-1/10/2009
From A123 Systems http://www.a123systems.com/