Sika Technology and Concepts
for ESD and Conductive Flooring
Requirements with Sikafloor®
What Is Conductivity and How Does It Work?
Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct an electrical
charge to earth or ‘ground’. In non-technical terms, this can be described as the ability of a material to carry or ‘conduct’ an electrical current. The electrical conductivity or the specific conductance of a flooring
system is therefore also a measure of the material’s ability to conduct
an electric current. An electric current is a quantitative measure of the
amount of charged particles passing through a medium, and in order
for an electric current to be created, there needs to be an electrical
potential difference between two points in a conductive medium with an
energy source to drive the charge.
The electrical resistance of a material is a measure of its resistance to
the flow of an electric current. An ohmmeter is a device that is used to
measure this conductivity or electrical resistance. The conductivity or
electrical resistance of a flooring system is therefore also measured
with an ohmmeter.
The ohmmeter measures the amount of electrical friction generated
as the charged particles pass through an electrical conductor e.g.
Sikafloor®-262 AS N. This measured value is then expressed in
units of “ohm”, which are governed by “Ohm’s Law”. This states that
“the current passing through an electrical circuit is directly proportional
to the amount of voltage used to create the flow and is inversely proportional to the resistance when the temperature is constant”. It can be
written in three ways: V = I × R, or I=V/R, or R=V/I Where: V = voltage
in volts (V), I = current in amps (A), R = resistance in ohms (Ω) Or alternatively it can be used where: V = voltage in volts (V), I = current in
milliamps (mA), R = resistance in kilohms (kΩ).
For most electronic circuits the amp is too large and the ohm is too
small, therefore it is usual to measure the current in milliamps (mA) and
therefore to obtain the resistance in kilohms (kΩ). 1 mA = 0.001 A and
1 kΩ = 1000 Ω.
These Ohm’s Law equations work if you use V, A and Ω and also if you
use V, mA and kΩ, but you cannot mix these sets of units in the same
equations.
What is ESD?
Controlling electrostatic discharge begins with understanding how an
electrostatic charge occurs in the first place. An Electro Static Discharge
(ESD) is the transfer of an electrostatic charge between two objects.
This is a very rapid event that happens when two objects with different electrical potentials come into direct contact with each other. This
charging results in one object gaining electrons on its surface area to
become negatively charged, whilst the other object loses electrons from
its surface area and therefore becomes positively charged. The creation
of an electrical discharge by this contact and separation of objects is
known as triboelectrical charging, which also explains the small static
electric shock you may receive from touching certain objects.
Electrostatic charges are therefore commonly created by the contact
and separation of two similar or dissimilar materials. For example, a
person walking across the floor generates static electricity as shoe
soles contact and then separate from the floor surface. A metal component or an electronic device sliding into or out of a case or against
another piece of equipment also generates an electrostatic charge as
multiple contacts and separations are made.
What Does an ESD Event Do?
One of the main causes of device failures in the semi-conductor in
dustry is Electro Static Discharge (ESD).
An ESD event basically produces a spark (a micro-lightning bolt in
effect), which passes from one charged conductive surface to another.
This incredibly rapid transfer of what had previously been a static (nonmoving) charge can cause fires, explosions, create heat, light and even
sounds. It is this potentially unseen, unfelt or unheard ‘micro lightning’
or spark without warning that must be prevented or controlled.
2
Where Do I Need a Conductive Floor?
Sikafloor® ESD for Handling, production, assembling, storage of sensitive electronic
devices
In industries where electronic components or volatile chemicals are
involved, static electricity can result in significant damage, injury and
financial loss. All active electronic components and equipment e.g.
micro-chips, integrated circuits and machinery are sensitive to ESD
events. Even when areas and people are equipped to handle such
Sikafloor® ECF for explosive atmospheres and substances (i.e. gas, vapour, spray,
liquids, dust, explosives, fireworks etc.)
static-sensitive devices, inadvertent contact and damage can still occur.
Sikafloor® ESD (Electro Static Discharge) and Sikafloor® ECF
(Electrically Conductive Flooring) Systems, can safeguard your entire
process. These systems can be used to design and produce a floor that
is’ tailor-made’ to meet your specific needs.
An Example of an Electrostatic Discharge Protected Area (EPA)
16
18
17
3
11
15
6
12
5
13
8
2
9
4
10
7
14
1
1. Groundable wheels
2. Groundable surface
3. Wrist band and foot wear
tester
4. Footwear footplate
5. Wrist band and grounding
cord
6. Grounding cord
7. Ground
8. Earth bounding point (EBP)
9. Groundable point of trolley
10. Toe and heel strap (footwear)
11. Ionizer
12. Dissipative surfaces
13. Seating with groundable
feet’sand pads
14. Sikafloor® ESD or
Sikafloor® ECF System
15. Garments
16. Shelving with grounded
surfaces
17. Groundable racking
18. EPA sign
19. Machine
3
Global Sikafloor® Solutions for ESD Protection and Electr
US-Standards: ANSI/ESD S 20.20
(ANSI/ESD STM97.1)
System Test:
< 35 M Ω
Systems:
ANSI/ESD S 20.20
(ANSI/ESD STM97.2)
Walking Test (BVG)
< 100 Volt
ANSI/ESD S 20.20
(ANSI/ESD S7.1)
Resistance to
Ground RG < 109 Ω
ASTM F 150
(ECF) Surface to
Ground Test:
>2.5x104 – <1x106Ω
ASTM F 150
(ECF) Surface to
Surface Test:
>2.5x104 – <1x106Ω
ASTM F 150
(DIF) Surface to
Ground Test:
>1x106 – <1x109Ω
ASTM F 150
(DIF) Surface to
Surface Test:
>1x106 – <1x109Ω
Smooth ESD roller coating (Epoxy)
Sikafloor®-200 ESD
c
c
c
–
–
c
c
Sikafloor®-200C ESD
c
c
c
c
c
–
–
c
c
Roller coating for high chemical resistance (Epoxy Novolac)
Sikafloor®-700 ESD
®
Sikafloor -700C ESD
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
–
–
c
c
–
–
c
c
Smooth ESD roller coating (Polyurethane)
Sikafloor®-340 ESD
c
c Meets the Standard – Does not meet the Standard
Standards
There are more than 20 different
Standards dealing with the subject
of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
Sika provides global solutions and
specific solutions for the particular
requirements of the markets in
Europe, North America and Asia
Pacific. The most widely used
Standards are presented below.
IEC 61340
These Standards describe the protection of Electrostatic Discharge
Sensitive devices (ESDS) from electrostatic phenomena. The requirements for an EPA (ESD Protected Area) are detailed and described,
from the flooring up to the most suitable work clothes. According
to IEC 61340-4-1, the resistance to ground must be measured.
IEC 61340-4-5 describes the standard test methods for the electrostatic protection capability of footwear and flooring in combination with
a person and the measurement of chargeability; the so-called Body
Voltage Generation (BVG) is also described.
TRBS 2153
This is a German standard that applies to the assessment and
prevention of ignition due to static electricity in designated hazardous
areas, and for the selection and implementation of protective measures
to avoid these dangers.
Resistance Ranges According to IEC 61340-5-1
DIN VDE 0100-410 (IEC 60364-4-41)
ESD-protection
ESD-protection
personnel are grounded
by a wrist strap
ESD-protection
flooring is used
for grounding personnel
alternative
resistance to ground
(electrode)
Rg <109 Ohm
resistance of the
person/footwear/
flooring system
R <35 x 106 Ohm
Part 4-41 of IEC 60364 deals with protection against electric shock
as applied to electrical installations. It is based on IEC 61140 which is
the basic safety standard that applies to the protection of persons and
livestock.
DIN EN 1081
resistance of the
person/footwear/
flooring system
Rg <109 Ohm
body voltage <100V
This Standard describes the determination of the electrical resistance
of resilient floor coverings. The electrical resistance to ground is also
measured using a Tripod Electrode.
4
rostatic Discharge Control
Systems:
European-Standards: DIN EN 1081
IEC 61340-5-1 IEC 61340-5-1
Resistance to Ground (IEC 61340-4-5) (IEC 61340-4-5)
8
RG < 10 Ω
System Test:
Walking Test (BVG)
< 35 M Ω
< 100 Volt
IEC 61340-5-1
(IEC 61340-4-1)
Resistance to Ground
RG < 109 Ω
ATEX 137 / TRBS 2153
European Standard
Resistance to Ground
RG < 108 Ω
DIN VDE 0100-410
(IEC 60364-4-41)
Isolation Resistance
> 50 kΩ
Sikafloor®-262 AS N
c
–
–
c
c
Sikafloor®-262 AS Thixo
c
–
–
c
c
Sikafloor®-381 AS
c
–
–
c
c
Sikafloor®-390 AS
c
–
–
c
c
Sikafloor®-266 ECF CR
c
–
–
c
c
Sikafloor®-269 ECF CR
c
–
–
c
c
Any insulating self-smoothing layers e.g.
Sikafloor®-263 SL
Smooth and textured, hygienic ECF floors
High chemical resistance
Aprooved for clean rooms
ESD systems with very low body voltage generation
Sikafloor®-235 ESD
c
c
c
c
c
Sikafloor®-262 AS N +
Sikafloor®-230 ESD TopCoat
c
c
c
c
c
c Meets the Standard – Doesn’t meet the Standard
SJ/T 11294-2003
(DIF)
Resistance to Ground
RG >1 x 106 – < 1 x 109 Ω
IEC 61340-5-1
(IEC 61340-4-5)
System Test:
< 35 M Ω
IEC 61340-5-1
(IEC 61340-4-5)
Walking Test (BVG)
< 100 Volt
IEC 61340-5-1
(IEC 61340-4-1)
Resistance to Ground
RG < 109 Ω
c
–
–
–
c
–
c
–
c
c
Sikafloor®-390 AS
c
–
–
–
c
Sikafloor®-381 AS
c
–
–
–
c
–
–
c
c
c
Sikafloor®-262 AS N +
–
Sikafloor®-230 ESD TopCoat
–
c
c
c
Systems:
Standards used in Asia: SJ/T 11294-2003
(ECF)
Resistance to Ground
RG >5 x 104 – < 1 x 106 Ω
Smooth, hygienic floors
Sikafloor®-262 AS N
®
Sikafloor -239 EDF
High chemical resistance
ESD system with very low body voltage generation
Sikafloor®-235 ESD
c Meets the Standard – Doesn’t meet the Standard
ANSI/ESD S 20.20
SJ/T 11294-2003
This Standard covers the requirements necessary to design, establish,
implement and maintain an Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control
Program for activities that manufacture, process, assemble, install,
package, label, service, test, inspect or otherwise handle electrical or
electronic components, plus assemblies and equipment susceptible to
damage by electrostatic discharges greater than, or equal to 100 volts
Human Body Model (HBM). This Standard is also harmonized with the
IEC 61340-5-1.
This Chinese Standard is the general Chinese specification standard
for floor coatings for electrostatic protection.
ASTM F 150
This Standard is a test method that covers the determination of
electrical conductance or resistance of resilient flooring, either in tile or
sheet form, for applications such as hospitals, computer rooms, clean
rooms, access flooring, munitions plants, or any other environment
concerning personnel-generated static electricity.
Please note:
None of the specific conductivity or electrical resistance values
mentioned in any of these International or National Standards, nor in
the descriptions and tables shown above are mandatory. These values
should be adapted to meet the requirements of the responsible local
authorities.
Before applying an ESD, conductive or dissipative flooring system, Sika
always recommends a detailed assessment of at least the following
parameters, and then for the appropriate values to be agreed and
accepted by all of the parties involved:
„
Limits for the electrical resistance and body voltage generation
„
Methods of Measurement
„
Equipment to make these measurements
„
Any applicable standards or specifications
5
Sikafloor® Solutions for Areas with Explosive Atmospheres or
Substances (i.e. Gas, Dust, Explosives, Fireworks etc.)
Requirements
Textured Conductive Coating
„
Good wear and abrasion resistance
„
Good chemical resistance
„
Slip resistance
„
Easy cleaning
„
Conductive
Smooth Conductive Screed
„
High wear and abrasion resistance
„
Good chemical resistance
„
Coloured
„
Easy cleaning
„
Conductive
Heavy Duty Monolithic Conductive Finish
for Concrete
„
Excellent abrasion resistance
„
Excellent impact resistance
„
Extreme durability
„
Conductive
Design / Build-up
Sika System / Performance
Primer: Sikafloor®-156/-161
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-220 W
Conductive
Textured conductive coating:
Sikafloor®-262 AS N Thixo
A two part, total solids, electrostatic
conductive, coloured, epoxy resin based
binder for textured coating systems.
Total layer thickness: 0.6 – 0.8 mm
Primer: Sikafloor®-156/-161
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-220 W
Conductive
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-262 AS N
A two part, total solids, electrostatic
conductive, coloured, epoxy binder for selfsmoothing screed systems.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
Monolithic concrete slab using Sikament®
or Sika® ViscoCrete® SCC technology.
Dry shake floor hardener Sikafloor®-1
MetalTop applied to the fresh concrete
slab before power-float finishing, surface
cured and sealed with
Sikafloor® Proseal-22
No
Osmosis
6
Sikafloor® Solutions for Areas Involved in the Handling,
Production, Assembly or Storage of ESD-Sensitive Devices
Requirements
Smooth ESD Screed + TopCoat
„
Low Body Voltage Generation (BVG)
„
Easy application
„
In accordance with ESD static dissipative
requirements
„
Matt finish
„
Coloured
Smooth ESD Screed
„
High wear and abrasion resistance
„
Good chemical resistance
„
Low Body Voltage Generation (BVG)
„
Easy cleaning
„
Static dissipative
Smooth Dissipative ESD Screed
„
High wear and abrasion resistance
„
Good chemical resistance
„
Low Body Voltage Generation (BVG)
„
Easy cleaning
„
Static dissipative
Design / Build-up
Sika System / Performance
Primer: Sikafloor®-156/161
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-220 W
Conductive
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-262 AS N
Top coat: Sikafloor®-230 ESD
A two part, total solids, electrostatic conductive,
epoxy resin based binder, for self-smoothing
screed systems, produced in combination
with a two part, water dispersed, electrostatic
conductive, coloured, epoxy resin based roller
coating for ESD-control requirements.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
Primer: Sikafloor®-156/-161
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-220 W
Conductive
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-235 ESD
A two part, total solids, electrostatically
dissipative, coloured, epoxy resin based
binder for self-smoothing screed systems.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
Primer: Sikafloor®-156/161
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-220 W
Conductive
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-239 EDF
A two part, total solids, electrostatic
dissipative, epoxy resin based binder for selfsmoothing screed systems with ESD-control
requirements.
Available for the asian market.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
7
Sikafloor® Solutions for Areas Involved in the Handling,
Production, Assembly or Storage of ESD-Sensitive Devices
Requirements
Smooth ESD Roller Coating
„
Less than 15 volts BVG
„
Easy to apply, easy one-step recoat
„
Available in two resistance range:
– Conductive
(2.5 x 104 to 1 x 106 ohms)
– Static Dissipative
(1.0 x 106 to 1.0 x 109)
„
Good chemical resistance
Chemical Resistant ESD Roller Coating
„
Excellent wear, abrasion and impact
resistance
„
Easy to apply, easy one-step recoat
„
Available in two resistance range:
– Conductive
(2.5 x 104 to 1 x 106 ohms)
– Static Dissipative
(1.0 x 106 to 1.0 x 109)
„
Good chemical resistance
Smooth ESD Roller Coating (USA = PUD)
„
High wear and abrasion resistance
„
Good chemical resistance
„
Broad range of colours (pastels to dark)
„
Easy to maintain and simple to clean
„
Easy to apply, easy one-step recoat
„
Non yellowing
„
Static Dissipative (PUD)
Design / Build-up
Sika System / Performance
Primer: Sikafloor®-107/207
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-100 W
(for conductive floor applications)
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-200/C ESD
A four-component, ESD, epoxy resin based
coating for systems, designed to impart
electrostatic control properties to existing
non-conductive substrates and concrete.
Available for the US market.
Layer thickness: approx. 15 mils / 0.40 mm
Primer: Sikafloor®-107/207
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-100 W
(for conductive flooring applications)
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-700/C ESD
A three-component, ESD epoxy novolac resin
based system, designed especially for areas
that require both ESD control and chemical
resistance to acids and solvents.
Available for the US market.
Layer thickness: approx. 15 mils/ 0.40 mm
Primer: Sikafloor®-107/207
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-340 ESD
A five part, aliphatic polyurethane and
polyester resin based system, designed to
impart ESD electrostatic control properties
to a variety of substrates, including existing
non-conductive coatings, vinyl tiles, static
control tiles and concrete.
Available for the US market.
Layer thickness: approx. 8 mils / 0.20 mm
8
Sikafloor® Solutions for Areas Requiring Conductivity and
Chemical Resistance
Requirements
Smooth, Flexible, Highly Chemically
Resistant, Glass Fabric Reinforced Coating
„
High wear and abrasion resistance
„
Extremely high chemical resistance
„
Waterproof
„
Glass fabric reinforced
Smooth, Chemically Resistant Conductive
Screed
„
High wear and abrasion resistance
„
High chemical resistance
„
Coloured
„
Easy cleaning
„
Conductive
Smooth, Flexible, Chemically Resistant
Conductive Screed
„
High wear and abrasion resistance
„
High chemical resistance
„
Crack-bridging
„
Coloured
„
Easy cleaning
„
Conductive
Design / Build-up
Sika System / Performance
Primer: Sika® Asplit® VE leveling mortar
Wearing course: Sika® Asplit® VE
+ glass fabric
A two part, highly chemically resistant, crack
bridging, coloured vinyl ester resin based
binder for glass fibre reinforced coating
systems.
Total system thickness: approx. 3 mm
Primer: Sikafloor®-156/-161
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-220 W
Conductive
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-381 AS
A two part, total solids, highly chemical
resistant, electrostatically conductive,
coloured, epoxy resin based binder for selfsmoothing screed systems.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
Primer: Sikafloor®-156/-161
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-220 W
Conductive
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-390 AS
A two part, total solids, highly chemically
resistant, electrostatically conductive, crackbridging, coloured, epoxy resin based binder
for self-smoothing screed systems.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
9
Sikafloor® Solutions for Clean Rooms with Conductive
Requirements
Requirements
Smooth, Ultra-Low VOC, Conductive
Screed
„
Ultra-Low VOC/AMC emissions
„
Low particle emissions
„
Conductive
„
High wear resistance
„
IPA certified “Cleanroom Suitable Material”
Design / Build-up
Sika System / Performance
Primer: Sikafloor®-144/-161
Conductive layer:
Sikafloor®-220 W Conductive
Wearing course:
Sikafloor®-269 ECF CR
A two part, total solids, electrostatic
conductive, ultra-low emission, coloured,
epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing
screed systems.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
For
Food
Smooth, Low VOC, Conductive Screed
„
Low VOC/AMC emissions
„
Low particle emissions
„
High wear resistance
„
Good chemical resistance
„
Conductive
„
Coloured
„
IPA certified “Cleanroom Suitable Material”
Primer: Sikafloor®-144/-161
Conductive layer:
Sikafloor®-220 W Conductive
Wearing course:
Sikafloor®-266 ECF CR
A two part, total solids, electrostatically
conductive, low emission, coloured, epoxy
resin based binder for self-smoothing screed
systems.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
For
Food
Smooth Low VOC ESD Screed
„
Low VOC/AMC emissions
„
Low particle emissions
„
High wear resistance
„
Good chemical resistance
„
Static dissipative
„
Coloured
„
IPA certified “Cleanroom Suitable Material”
Primer: Sikafloor®-144/-161
Conductive layer:
Sikafloor®-220 W Conductive
Wearing course:
Sikafloor®-235 ESD
A two part, total solids, ESD, low emission,
coloured, epoxy resin based binder for selfsmoothing screed systems.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm
For
Food
10
Additional Sikafloor® Conductive Solutions
Requirements
Slip Resistant Conductive Screed
„
Slip resistant
„
High chemical resistance
„
Conductive
„
High wear resistance and abrasion
resistance
„
Tough elastic
Conductive Wall-Coatings
„
Conductive
„
Easy to apply
„
High wear resistance
„
Good chemical resistance
„
Coloured
„
Matt finish
Conductive Medium Duty Chemically and
Wear Resistant Screed
„
High wear resistance
„
Conductive
„
High chemical resistance
„
Medium thermal shock resistance
„
Coloured
„
Hygienic
Design / Build-up
Sika System / Performance
Primer: Sikafloor®-156/161
Conductive layer: Sikafloor®-220 W
Conductive
Wearing course: Sikafloor®-390 AS
Broadcasting: Silicon Carbide
TopCoat: Sikafloor®-390
A two part, total solids, highly chemically
resistant, electrostatically conductive, crackbridging, slip resistant, epoxy resin based
binder for self-smoothing, broadcast screed
systems.
Total layer thickness: approx. 2.5 mm
Primer: Sikafloor®-2530 W + 5% H20
Intermediate Layer: Sikafloor-2530 W
TopCoat: Sikafloor®-230 ESD TopCoat
A two part, water dispersed, electrostatically
conductive, coloured, epoxy resin based,
roller coating for ESD-requirements on walls
and ceilings with medium mechanical loading,
including concrete, renders and gypsum
plasters.
Total layer thickness: approx. 0.4 mm
Primer/Scratch Coat:
Sikafloor®-25 S PurCem ECF
Wearing course:
Sikafloor®-25 PurCem ECF
A 3 part water dispersed, conductive, selfsmoothing, polyurethane resin based, heavy
duty screed system.
Total layer thickness: approx. 4.5 – 6 mm
For
Food
11
Sikafloor®-Earthing Kit
An electrostatic charge, which occurs during materials contact and
separation, has to be discharged via an earthing point. Sika provides the
Sikafloor®-Earthing Kit, a unique tool box containing all of the
necessary components for up to 10 earthing points.
Every earthing point is able to conduct to earth approximately 300 m2
Ensure the longest distance between each earthing point in each
room or area is a maximum of 10 m apart. In larger areas with longer
distances, additional earthing points must be installed in accordance
with the Electrical Engineer’s requirements.
If site conditions or other constraints do not allow the positioning of any
additional earthing points that are required, then any longer distances
(>10 m) must be bridged by the use of additional adhesive copper tapes
in accordance with the relevant specifications. All of the earthing points
have to be connected to an appropriate ring-main to ground them and
this work must be carried out and approved by the responsible Electrical
Engineer in accordance with all relevant local regulations.
„
Prepare and prime the substrate in
accordance with the relevant
Sikafloor® PDS.
„
Drill a 8 mm diameter hole, depth > 50 mm
„
Remove all dust, loose and friable material
and Insert the anchor, the top of the anchor
must be flush with the floor surface.
„
Fix the screw into the anchor with an Allen key,
so that 16 mm of the Allen screw stick out.
„
Fit the small plastic tube onto the Allen
screw and fasten tightly.
„
Make sure the plastic tube is fitted tightly
before the application of Sikafloor®
materials.
„
Apply the copper tapes (2 x 10 mm) at
either side of the drilled-hole as shown in
the picture.
„
Fix the large (D = 60 mm) and the medium
size (D = 30 mm) washers with the nut
(M 6) to the Allen screw.
„
Apply the conductive wearing layer and
then the rest of the selected Sikafloor®
system.
„
After full curing of the complete
Sikafloor® system, remove the plastic
tube and clean the head of the Allen screw
thoroughly.
„
Fix the brass eyelet using the self-locking
nut (M 6) on the Allen screw.
„
Connect the earthing main cable with the
brass eyelet (only by a qualified Electrical
Engineer).
12
CAD – Drawings Are Available
For alternative situation Sika can provide detailed CAD drawings of the different possibilities to position an earthing point. Please do not hesitate to
ask your local Sika Technical Services Department for these.
8.1 Resin
flooring;
Industrial
Floors and
Coatings
0902
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Author: He 9; Edition 002
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Industrial flooring; 8.1 Resin Floors and Coatings
N° 900_81_012_C/037_G_appl_0807/0902
Author: Heini Aeppli
Date: 07/2009; Edition 002;
tion
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Sikafloor - Conductive Coatings
Detailing of placing of an earthing point within the area with a cutout (ECF / ESD floors)
Ground plan until step 11
5
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7
8
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constructio
inset-scre
must be
priming of
Concrete®
hor and
-156/161, heavy-duty anc ert anchor; anchor
Sikafloor
the
ips and ins
hole for
Drilling a the two copper-str
c
Placing of e
dis
ssbra
screw
fac
floor sur the brass-plate and conductive layer the large brass the large brass
h
nductive,
plates wit sher and screw to
Placing of®
e brass-220 W Co
brass wa
Sikafloor e and medium siz
the small
Fix the larg let fastener using
executed
ole area
o the wh mains has to be
eye
ont
the
ting
Fix
tive coa
®
nt to the
or conduc the Earthing poi
screw
of
n of Sikaflo
Applicato e (The connection er)
rience of
ine
wir
e and expe
Isolated
ctrical eng
knowledg mmendations. The
nsed ele
's current
the
d on Sika ce with Sika's reco parameters of g
by a lice
faith base
usin
in the
rdan
to
n in good
s in acco
ice prior
of changes
ce are give
al condition herein. In case 's Technical Serv
intended
for the
other advi ied under norm
the
rred to
ult Sika
in and any
testing themalways refer to
essly refe
on, cons
and appl
ained here
applicati
ucts from
handled
uct(s) expr
must
mation contproperly stored,
) and prod case of a different user of the prod delivery. Users
est.
The infor
n
ication(s
lied on requ
ve the
sale and
the appl trates etc., or in
ucts whe
not relie
the prod
terms of of which will be supp
applies to
does
subs
ent
in
in
only
curr
on
ges
d, copies
ained here
informati
ect to our
as chan
on, such
mation contare accepted subj product concerne
infor
applicati
the
orders
et for
ucts. The
Sika prod and purpose. All Product Data She
l
on
applicati
of the loca
nt issue
itzerland
most rece
, Sw
48 Zürich
.com
16, CH-80 46 86, www.sika
ces AG
fenwies
(0)58 436
Sika Servi Construction, Tüf
Fax +41
Corporate (0)58 436 40 40,
+41
one
Ph
Industria
l flooring
; 8.1 Re
sin Floors
C-C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
and Co
atin
gs
N° 900_
81_035
_G
Author:
Heini Ae /036_C_appl_
Date:
ppli
0901
Sikaflo ®
or - Co
n
07/2009
ductive
; Edition
Detailing
002;
Coating
of plac
floors)
ing of an
s
earthin
g wire w
ithin th
e area (E
CF / ES
D
Constru
ction
1
2
3
4
Construction
C–C
Concrete construction
n the groove and before priming,
Groove for the isolated wire. After placing the wire in
the groove must be filled with an epoxy mortar
Epoxy mortar
®
Sikafloor -156/161, priming of the whole area and the
he cut-out
Drilling a hole for the heavy-duty anchor and inset-screw
crew
Placing of the two copper-strips and insert anchor; anchor must be flush with the
floor surface
Placing of the brass-plate and brass-disc
®
Sikafloor -220 W Conductive, conductive layer
Fix the large and medium size brass-plates with the large brass screw
Fix the eyelet fastener using the small brass washerr and screw to the large brass
screw
The connection of the isolated wire point to the mains
ns has to be executed by a
licensed electrical engineer
®
e whole area incl. cut-out
Application of Sikafloor conductive coating onto the
C–C
The information contained herein and any other advice are given in good faith based on Sika's current knowledge and experience of
cordance with Sika's recommendations. The
the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions in accordance
information only applies to the application(s) and product(s) expressly referred to herein. In case of changes in the parameters of the
nsult Sika's Technical Service prior to using
application, such as changes in substrates etc., or in case of a different application, consult
roducts from testing them for the intended
Sika products. The information contained herein does not relieve the user of the products
application and purpose. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users must always refer to the
hich will be supplied on request.
most recent issue of the local Product Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which
Sika Services AG
Corporate Construction, Tüffenwies 16, CH-8048 Zürich, Switzerland
Phone +41 (0)58 436 40 40, Fax +41 (0)58 436 46 86, www.
www.sika.com
w.ssika.com
1
2
3
4
5
6
Concrete
Joint of construction
the
Sikafloor ® cut-out section
Isolated -156/161, primi and surface pre
ng of the
wire
pa
Fan out
whole are ration
iso
a and the
Filling the lated wire fixe
cut-out
d with co
join
po
pp
int to the t around the
7
isolated er tape
mains ha
Sik
®
wir
aflo
s
e
to be
or
wit
8
Applicatio -220 W Conduct executed by h an epoxy mo
9
rta
a
Ground n of Sikafloor ® ive, conductive licensed electr r (The connectio
plan /vie
ical engin
conductiv
layer
n of the
w; showin
eer)
e
g the exe coating onto the
The info
rmation
cution un
whole are
the prod
con
ucts whe tained herein
til
a incl. cut
ste
informa
p6
tion only n properly stor and any othe
-out
r advice
ed, han
applicat
applies
are
dled
ion,
to
Sika prod such as cha the application( and applied given in good
nges in
faith bas
under norm
applicat ucts. The info
substra s) and product(
ed on Sika
al con
tes etc.
ion
rmation
's current
, or in cass) expressly refe ditions in acc
most rece and purpose
contain
knowled
orda
ed
. All
rred
e
nt issue
ge and
of the loca orders are acc herein does notof a different app to herein. In nce with Sika
's recomm experience
case of
epte
l Produc
lication,
relieve
of
cha
end
t Data She d subject to
the use
consult
our curr
r
Sika's Tecnges in the para ations. The
et for the
ent term of the products
met
hnic
product
s of sale
from test al Service prio ers of the
concern
and
ed, cop
r to usin
Sika Se
ies of whic delivery. Use ing them for
g
the inte
rvices
rs must
h will be
nded
alwa
AG
supplied
Corporat
on requ ys refer to the
e Const
est.
Phone +4
1 (0)
ruction,
Tüffenw
58 436
40 40, Fa ies 16, CH-80
48 Zürich
x +41 (0)
, Sw
58 436
46 86, ww itzerland
w.sika.co
m
13
Measurement of the Conductivity or Electrical Resistance of
Sikafloor® ESD and ECF Systems
As previously indicated at the beginning of
this brochure, an Ohm meter, as pictured in
the left photo, is the equipment that is used
for the measurement of the conductivity or
electrical resistance of these flooring
systems. The range of the Ohm meter must
be in within 1 x 103 Ohms (Ω) to 1 x 1013 Ω.
The metering voltage required for an
electrical resistances of < 1 x 106 Ω is 10 V,
whilst the metering voltage for an electrical
resistances of ≥ 1 x 106 Ω is 100 V. Body
Voltage Generation (BVG) is measured
separately with an ‘electrostatic field meter’.
The main differences between different
models and manufacturers of the
measurement electrodes used for this are
not their size or the weight, but the type
and hardness of their contact surface. This
can give misleading results and should
only be carried out by suitably qualified and
experienced people. Therefore Sika generally
recommends for measurements according to
IEC 61340 the use of metal electrodes with a
contact area of 65 ± 5 mm, a conductive
rubber pad of Shore Hardness A = 60 ± 10
and a weight of 2.5 ± 0.25 kg for hard resin
floor surfaces.
14
Different Types of Conductive Floor Perform Differently
In the example of testing for resistance below, Sika Conductive “Carbon Fibre Fillers”-Technology is compared with Sika Conductive “Pigment
Fillers”-Technology
Controlled Homogeneity of the Floor Surface using Sika Conductive “Pigment Fillers”-Technology
e.g. Sikafloor®-230 ESD
e.g. Sikafloor®-230 ESD
Note:
The conductive fillers are
in permanent continuous
contact and so there are
many paths across &
through the conductive
system – the surface is
suitable for point to point
measurement.
Typically the Resistance to Ground (Rtg) with the Conductive Priming Layer is equal to or greater than the Resistance Point to Point (Rtt)
Variable Floor Surface with Sika Conductive “Carbon Fibre Fillers”-Technology
Conductive
Primer
e.g. Sikafloor®-262 AS N
e.g. Sikafloor®-262 AS N
Note:
The resin around the
fibres can insulate points
on the surface and within
the thickness of the resin.
Therefore Point to Point
measurement is NOT
recommended on the
surface of conductive
flooring systems based on
carbon fibre technology.
Typically the Resistance Point to Point (Rtt) is greater than the Resistance to Ground (Rtg)
These graphs show the effects of Multi-directional Conductivity and Uni-directional Conductivity obtained with the different filler types.
As an additional practical example:
It is not possible to refurbish (over-coat) existing conductive floors based on carbon fibre technology with each other, without the application of
an intermediate conductive primer (such as Sikafloor®-220 W Conductive). This is because there is a minimal chance that the carbon
fibres in each layer will make an adequate connection to the carbon fibres in the other. As a result any electrical charges could not be discharged
to ground. However this type of refurbishment and over-coating work is perfectly possible with systems based on conductive fillers (such as
Sikafloor®-230 ESD or Sikafloor®-200 ESD). This is because the conductive fillers provide fully homogeneous conductivity.
15
Sika Full Range Solutions for Construction
Concrete Production
Waterproofing
Flooring
Sika® ViscoCrete®
Sika® Retarder®
Sika® SikaAer®
Sikaplan®, Sikalastic®
Sika® & Tricosal® Waterstops
Sika® Injection Systems
Sikafloor®
SikaBond®
Corrosion and Fire Protection
Concrete Repair and Protection
Structural Strengthening
SikaCor®
Sika® Unitherm®
Sika® MonoTop®
Sikagard®
Sikadur®
Sika® CarboDur®
SikaWrap®
Sikadur®
Joint Sealing
Grouting
Roofing
Sikaflex®
Sikasil®
Sikadur®
SikaGrout®
Sarnafil®
Sikaplan®
SikaRoof® MTC®
Sika Services AG
Business Unit Contractors
Speckstrasse 26
8330 Pfäffikon / Switzerland
Phone +41 58 436 23 80
Fax
+41 58 436 23 77
www.sika.com
Our most current General Sales
Conditions shall apply.
Please consult the Product Data Sheet
prior to any use and processing.
© Sika Services AG / BU Contractors / CMS / 10.2012 / ID: 27704
Also Available from Sika