TRIGA RC‐1 and TAPIRO
ENEA Research Reactors
M. Carta, M. Palomba
ENEA
Italian National Agency for
New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development
C.R. CASACCIA
Via Anguillarese, 301 ,00123 S. MARIA DI GALERIA (ROMA) ITALY
mario.carta@enea.it, mario.palomba@enea.it IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
Presentation Layout
1. TRIGA RC‐1 reactor
2. TAPIRO reactor
3. Final comments
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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We are here
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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We are here
(go to Google maps for further secret details) IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
TRIGA RC‐1 Main Features ‐ 1
Reactor Triga Mark II
Reactor Name
ENEA RC‐1
Site
C.R. Casaccia Rome
Power
1 MW
Construction (100 kW)
1960
Upgrade (1 MW)
1967
Fuel
Uranium – ZrH alloy (8.5% Wt U)
Enrichment
20 % 235U
Moderator
H2O, ZrH
Coolant
Demineralized water in natural convection
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
TRIGA RC‐1 Main Features ‐ 2
Reflector Graphite
Control rods
#3 B4C Fuel Follower
#1 B4C Regulating Rod
Fuel Clad
SS – Clad (0.5 mm thickness)
U – 235 per fuel element
~ 38 g (fresh)
U – 235 loaded
~ 3400 g
Max burn‐up allowed
35 %
Max Neutron Flux (Central Thimble)
~ 2.7∙1013 n/cm2∙s
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
Horizontal Section
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
Standard Core Configuration
Standard Fuel Elements (N=106)
Fuel Follower Control Rod (N=3)
Boron Carbide Control Rod (N=1)
Instrumented Elements (N=3)
Graphite (N=11)
Neutron Source (N=1)
Central Thimble (Air or Water)
Rabbit
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor – TRADE epopee SC0 (~ ‐500 pcm)
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor – TRADE epopee SC2 (~ ‐2500 pcm)
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor – TRADE epopee SC3 (~ ‐5000 pcm)
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor – TRADE epopee pre-TRADE Experimental Benchmark
M. Carta, N. Burgio, V. Peluso, R. Rosa, A. Santagata (ENEA)
C. Jammes (CEA)
M. Martina (Politecnico di Torino)
T. Sasa, T. Sugawara (JAEA)
IAEA Coordinated Research Project
“Analytical and Experimental Benchmark Analyses of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS)”
coordinated by A. Stanculescu → S. Monti (IAEA)
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
Triga RC‐1
Main Standard Activities:

Neutron Radiography & Tomography;

Neutron Activation Analysis;

Radioisotopes production for medical applications;

Training.
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
New displays/recorders:
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
New displays/recorders:
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
New displays/recorders:
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
Reactor Room/Radiochemical Lab Air Particulate Monitors :
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TRIGA RC‐1 Reactor
NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY AND TOMOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT AT ENEA C.R. CASACCIA TRIGA RC‐1 REACTOR
M.Palomba1, L.Falconi1, D.Manco1, R.Bove1, M.Sepielli1
1. ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301 00123 S.Maria di Galeria (Roma), Italy
CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEUTRON COLLIMATOR FOR NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS.
M. Palomba, R. Rosa
TRIGA Research Reactor, ENEA Casaccia
Via Anguillarese, 301 – 00060 S. Maria di Galeria – Rome ‐ Italy
NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY FACILITY COMBINED WITH X-RAY INDUSTRIAL TYPE GENERATOR
M. Palomba, R. Rosa
TRIGA Research Reactor, ENEA Casaccia
Via Anguillarese, 301 – 00060 S. Maria di Galeria – Rome - Italy
7th International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiography
Kingston, Canada
16– 24 June 2012
A NEW IRRADIATION DEVICE AT THE THERMALIZING COLUMN OF RC‐1 TRIGA REACTOR
M.Palomba1, L.Falconi1, A.Grossi1, M.Sepielli1,R.Bove1
1. ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301 ‐ 00123 S.Maria di Galeria (Roma), Italy
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What is the TAPIRO reactor?
TAPIRO (Tapir in English)?
TAratura PIla Rapida a potenza zerO
Fast Pile Calibration at Zero Power
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TAPIRO Reactor
R. Rosa TRT‐IGORR Joint Meeting ‐ Gaithersburg, MD, 2005
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TAPIRO Reactor
R. Rosa TRT‐IGORR Joint Meeting ‐ Gaithersburg, MD, 2005
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TAPIRO Reactor
R. Rosa TRT‐IGORR Joint Meeting ‐ Gaithersburg, MD, 2005
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TAPIRO Reactor
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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TAPIRO Reactor

2.E+09
42.5
1.E+09
1.E+09
1.E+09
8.E+08
6.E+08
4.E+08
2.E+08
0.E+00
1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08
E (eV)
Φ ≈ 2∙1010 n/cm2∙s @ 5 kW
Φ ≈ 5∙1011 n/cm2∙s @ 5 kW

1.E+11
16.5
Φ ≈ 3∙1012 n/cm2∙s @ 5 kW

8.E+11
0.25
7.E+11
1.E+11
6.E+11
8.E+10
5.E+11
6.E+10
4.E+11
4.E+10
3.E+11
2.E+11
2.E+10
1.E+11
0.E+00
1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08
E (eV)
0.E+00
1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08
E (eV)
M. Angelone et al., CMS NOTE 1998/060
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past thanks to the TAPIRO reactor Reactor Physics 1971‐1983
(not exhaustive list, casual order)
Nuclear data experiences
A. D'Angelo. M. Martini and M. Salvatores "The TAPIRO fast source reactor as a benchmark for nuclear data testing ", Energia Nucleare Vol. 20, n. 11, 614‐621 (1973)
Irradia on experiences → PEC
M. Carta, A. De Carli, P. Moioli, "Esperienza di irraggiamento del mock‐up della griglia del PEC", CNEN REPORT RIT/FIS‐LTCR(81)1, 1981
Na propaga on experiences → SPX1
D. Antonini, M.L. Bargellini, M. Martini, P. Moioli: Esperienze di diffusione neutronica in sodio mediante il reattore sorgente veloce TAPIRO ‐ CNEN REPORT RT/FI(78)4, May 1978
Na/SS propaga on experiences → SPX1
De Carli, A. ; Rado, V. ; Savatores, M. ; Trapp, J.P ; Carta, M.; Propagation experiments in steel‐sodium mixtures at TAPIRO, Nuclear Energy Agency Committee on reactor physics, Paris, France, 27 ‐ 29 Oct 1980 FBR blanket propaga on experiences → SPX1
M. Carta, A. De Carli, R. Martinelli, P. Moioli ‐ CSN Casaccia, CNEN; G. Daguzan, M. Salvatores, J.P. Trapp ‐ CEN Cadarache, CEA: Spectrum characterization in a simulated FR blanket region via activation of threshold and continuous detectors ‐ Proc. of the Fourth ASTM‐EURATOM Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry, NUREG/CP 0029, VOL I, 211, Gaithersburg, Maryland, March 1982
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past thanks to the TAPIRO reactor Reactor Physics 1971‐1983
Na/SS propaga on experiences → SPX1
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past thanks to the TAPIRO reactor Reactor Physics 1971‐1983
FBR blanket propaga on experiences → SPX1
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past…
The TAPIRO neutronic characterization 1983‐1986
Bilateral agreement ENEA ‐ SCK•CEN Mol
I must state that I am not aware of any permanent nuclear reactor system that, despite its a‐priori complexity, has ever been so comprehensively characterized neutronically, over so large and steep a range of neutron field variation, over so complete an energetic domain and to the accuracy levels defended here.
A. Fabry, NEUTRONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TAPIRO FAST‐NEUTRON SOURCE REACTOR
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past…
The TAPIRO neutronic characterization 1983‐1986
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past…
The TAPIRO neutronic characterization 1983‐1986
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past…
The TAPIRO neutronic characterization 1983‐1986
Benchmark‐Field Referencing
TAPIRO

EQ
i,k

c i,k
c i ,  25
 25
MOL ‐ ΣΣ
Flux Tranfer
NBS (USA)
MOL ‐ ΣΣ
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past…
The TAPIRO neutronic characterization 1983‐1986
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past…
The TAPIRO neutronic characterization 1983‐1986
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past…
The TAPIRO neutronic characterization 1983‐1986
Direct integral experimental link between the standard
(fission spectrum) and the Tapiro core center neutron
field shows impressive spectral similitude above 1 MeV, a fact which allows to turn the second system into a true benchmark facility.
This is the only fast neutron benchmark in Western
Europe displaying neutron fluxes as high as 1012 cm‐2 s‐1, a feature making it ideally suited for routine Benchmark Field Referencing within the Community.
A. Fabry, Ibidem
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What has been done in the past…
After 1986
(not exhaustive list, casual order)
APD (Avalanche PhotoDiodes) irradiation in support to CMS (Compact Muon
Solenoid – LHC – CERN) experiences
M. Angelone, A. Festinesi, G.Rosi, F. Cavallari, M. Diemoz, E. Longo, G. Organtini; Neutron flux Measurement at
Tapiro fast reactor for APD’s Irradiation fluence evaluation; CMS NOTE 1998/060
MDT (Monitored Drift Tubes) irradiation in support to ATLAS (LHC – CERN)
experiences
D. Salvatore, P. Branchini, S. Di Luise, E. Graziani, C. Mazzotta, E. Meoni, G. Morello, A. Passeri, F. Petrucci, A.
Policicchio, M. Schioppa; Neutron intensive irradiation test on ATLAS MDT chambers at TAPIRO nuclear reactor;
Nuclear Physics B (Proc. Suppl.) 172 (2007) 183–186
SPND (Self Powered Neutron Detectors) irradiation in support to ITER (LHC –
CERN) experiences
M. Angelone, A. Klix; Self Powered Neutron Detectors; Final report on Task 3.1.1 ‐ F4E‐2010‐GRT‐056‐02 (ES‐AC) on
Nuclear Data Studies/Experiments in Support of TBM Activities
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What can be done in the future?
(support to GEN IV systems)
Propaga on experiences→ Correla on analysis TAPIRO ↔ Reference
LEAD
MCNP model (A. Santagata, N. Burgio)
ERANOS model (L. Ricci, T. Murgia – Univ. Roma)
F. Pisacane, A. Santagata, M. Carta, L. Ricci, A. Gandini, M. Sepielli; Fast Research Reactor for Generation IV
Technologies; submitted to IAEA International Conference on Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles: Safe Technologies and Sustainable Scenarios (FR13), Paris, France, 4‐7 March 2013
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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What can be done in the future?
(support to GEN IV systems)
Irradia on and propaga on experiences → Nuclear data
Consistent Data Assimilation methodology(*)
Linking the integral data experiment results to
basic nuclear parameters employed by
evaluators to generate ENDF/B point energy
files in order to improve them.
•
Sensitivity of cross sections to the
perturbation of the reaction model
parameters (EMPIRE code).
•
Sensitivity coefficients (adjoint technique)
of integral reactor parameters to the cross
section variations (ERANOS code).
(*)
G. Palmiotti, M. Salvatores, H. Hiruta, M. Herman, P. Oblozinsky, M. T. Pigni; USE OF COVARIANCE MATRICES IN A CONSISTENT
(MULTISCALE) DATA ASSIMILATION FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BASIC NUCLEAR PARAMETERS IN NUCLEAR REACTOR APPLICATIONS:
FROM METERS TO FEMTOMETERS; International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2010
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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Final comments
(before preparing contributions to the RR Catalogue)
 TRIGA(s) can be used in a variety of applications supporting GEN IV.
 TAPIRO is a “qualitative” (not “quantitative” as in the current fashion) powerful tool to investigate in a well characterized neutron field (a so called standard field) the properties of the matter under neutron irradiation.
 Under this point of view our RR potentials are clear. It’s obvious how such characteristics can support GEN IV researches in the Advanced Reactors concepts field (included Fuel Cycle “Aids”, like ADS).
 Last not least: TAPIRO and the 2 Italian TRIGA reactors, 1 ENEA and the other one in Pavia, are presently the only Italian elastic bands still pulling (what remains of) the Italian nuclear culture (Universities…) towards the Enrico Fermi legacy.
IAEA Consultancy meeting ‐ Development of a RRs Catalogue
Vienna, June 10‐12, 2013
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