ACCELERATOR R&D ACTIVITIES
IN IHEP, CAS
Yunlong Chi
Accelerator Center, IHEP, CAS
NOV.22, 2013
Outline
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP
 BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII
 CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)
 ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)
 FUTURE ACCELERATOR
Institute of High Energy Physics
(IHEP)
 Institute of Modern Physics: established at 1950
 Institute of High Energy Physics: independent Institute for Particle
physics at 1973
 Comprehensive and largest fundamental research center in China
 1250 employees, 2/3 of them are physicists and engineers,
 450 PhD Students and post-doctors
 Goal of IHEP: multiple discipline research center based on large
scientific facilities.
IHEP Major research fields
 Particle physics:
 Charm physics @ BEPCII
 LHC exp.
 Yangbajing cosmic ray observatory
 particle astrophysics
 n physics: Daya Bay reactor n exp.
 Accelerator technology and applications
 High Lumi. e+e- collider: BEPCII

High power proton accelerator
 Radiation technologies
 Synchrotron radiation source and applications
 Spallation neutron source and application
IHEP Large scientific facilities
 Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII / BSRF)
 The Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment
 Cosmic ray physics and high energy astrophysics lab
 China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS)
 Accelerator Driven Subcritical system (ADS)

Beijing Advance Light Source (under R&D)
IHEP Organization Chart
Mission of Accelerator Center
 One of the key divisions
in IHEP.
 Develop accelerator
physics and technology.
 Main force on large
scientific facility
construction since
BEPC.
 Supporter of the future
projects in IHEP.
Outline
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP
 BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII
 CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)
 ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)
 FUTURE ACCELERATOR
BEPC & BEPCII
 Beijing Electron Positron Collider :
 Constructed: 1984-1988
 BESI: run from 1989-1998
 BESII: run from 1999-2004
 Upgraded (BEPCII ):
 2004-2008
 BESIII: run from 2008
BEPCII LINAC (e- an e+)
(1984 construct, BEPCII 2004 upgrade)
LINAC
Design
Measured
Energy (e+ / e-) ( GeV )
1.89 / 2.3
1.89 / 2.5
Current ( e+ ) ( mA )
37
61
Current ( e- ) ( mA )
500
> 500
Emittance（e+）( 1 σ, mm-mrad）
0.40 (37 mA)
0.39~0.41 (40~46
mA)
( 1 σ, mm-mrad）
0.10 (500 mA)
0.09~0.11 (600 mA)
Pulse Repe. Rate （Hz）
50
50
Energy Spread ( e- ) （%）
± 0.50 (500
mA)
± 0.44 (600 mA)
Energy Spread ( e+ ) （%）
± 0.50 (37 mA)
± 0.50 (≥37 mA)
Emittance (e-)
Positron Source
Design
Measured
e- Beam spot radius（mm）
2.5
1.0 – 1.5
e- Beam energy (MeV)
240
210
4.5 – 0.5
5.3 – 0.5
Flux pulse magnetic field（T）
@ 12 kA pulse current
Flux pulse magnetic field（T）
@ operation current 10.2 kA
Solenoid magnetic field （T）
@ 350 A driving current
4.5 – 0.48
0.5 T  7 m
Solenoid magnetic field （T）
@ operation current 320 A
0.5 T  7 m
0.48 T  7 m
e+ current @ solenoid exit (mA)
88
100
e+ energy @ solenoid exit (MeV)
80 - 100
100
e+ yield @ solenoid exit（e- /e+(GeV))
4.3
7.6
BEPCII: High Luminosity Double Ring e- e+
Collider
Design Goals:
 charm energy region world best collider
Keep Collider and Light source operation
Beam energy range
Optimized beam energy region
Luminosity @ 1.89 GeV
Injection from linac
Dedicated SR operation
1–2.3 GeV
1.89GeV
110 33 cm-2s-1
Full energy injection: Einj=1.55-1.89GeV
Positron injection rate > 50 mA/min
250 mA @ 2.5 GeV
BEPCII: High Luminosity Double Ring e- e+
Collider
SC RF Cavity
BESIII
LIGA
1A
3B
BEPCII 光束线
和实验站
3W1
能
3B
1
BEPCII
III
4B
4B9B
4W1A
荧光分析
4W1B
XAFS
I
IV
4B
2
1W
8
4B9
1W1B
漫散射
1 W1
4w1
1W
1A
2B
X-射线成像
4B9A
7
衍射
光电子能谱
II
4 W2
VUV
1W
线
线
束
X射
分子
生物大
3W1A
高压
中
软
光刻
生物
大分
子
Double Ring
小角散射
12
Beam Line
Cryogenic System of BEPCII
500MHz SC Cavity
Cryogenic Plant
BEPCII
Storage Ring
SC Magnet
13
13
日
日
10
21
12
月
9日
月
14
日
12
月
17
日
12
月
23
日
12
月
24
日
1月
12
日
4月
8日
12
3日
日
15
5月
3月
3月
2月
日
1日
23
2月
-2 -1
8
800
6
600
4
400
2
Luminosity
e+ beam current
200
0
e- beam current
0
B eam cu rren t (m A )
1月
32
L u m in o sity (×1 0 cm s )
Commissioning, and operation of BEPCII
Outline
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP
 BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII
 CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)
 ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)
 FUTURE ACCELERATOR
CSNS Design
 The phase-I CSNS facility consists of an 80-MeV H- linac, a 1.6-GeV RCS,
beam transport lines, a target station, and 3 instruments.
Project Phase
I
II
Beam Power on target [kW]
100
500
Proton energy [GeV]
1.6
1.6
Average beam current [μA]
62.5
312.5
Pulse repetition rate [Hz]
25
25
Linac energy [MeV]
80
250
Linac type
DTL
+Spoke
Linac RF frequency [MHz]
324
324
Macropulse. ave current [mA]
15
40
Macropulse duty factor
1.0
1.7
RCS circumference [m]
228
228
RCS harmonic number
2
2
RCS Acceptance [mm-mrad]
540
540
Target Material
Tungsten Tungsten
Linac
RCS
LINAC & LRBT
Fast Neutron
Target
RTBT
Experiment hall
Civil Design
 Total long-term construction site area is
about 0.67km2.
0.27km2 has been occupied for phase-I
construction.
The remaining land is planned for future
expansion for new project.
 Facility buildings, including Linac, RCS,
transport line, target, have a total area of
30,431m2. Auxiliary buildings, including
administration office, test halls, occupy a
total area of 36,258m2.
2017.08. Beam on target
2016.05. RCS commissioning
2015.09. Linac&LRBT commission
2015.01. RTBT installation
2014.07. RCS installation
2013.12. DTL installation
2013.09. Frontend installation
2012.03. Civil Construction start
0-order CPM
Groundbreaking on 20 Oct. 2011
Civil Construction
May 2009
20
Civil Construction
21
April 2013
Linac Design
3 MeV
H — IS
LEBT
80 MeV
MEBT
RFQ
Buncher1
LRBT
DTL
Debuncher
Buncher2
RING
HVPS
4616
4616
Solid State
Amplifier
LLRF
LLRF
Solid State
Amplifier
LLRF
MOD
LLRF
MOD
Klys.
Klys.
LLRF
LLRF
Klys.
Klys.
Solid State
Amplifier
Klys.
LLRF
LLRF
LLRF
2.5 MW
klystron ea.
350kW*2
Tetrode
LLRF Low Level RF
HVPS
MOD
MOD
4616
4616 Tetrode
RF Amplifier
Klys.
Klystron
MOD
Modulator
HVPS
High Voltage
Power Supply
EMQ option in FFDD lattice
Electrostatic chopper in LEBT
Ion Source
RFQ
DTL
0.05
3.0
Input Energy（MeV)
Output Energy(MeV)
0.05
3.0
80
Pulse Current (mA)
20/40
20/40
15/30
RF frequency (MHz)
324
324
Chop rate (%)
50
50
Duty factor (%)
1.3
1.05
1.05
Repetition rate (Hz)
25
25
25
Front-end
•
•
H- ion source
A Penning source has been set up. It is
now under beam extraction test. The first
extracted H- beam reached 20 in May.
LEBT with a chopper
Space charge neutralized LEBT with an
electrostatic deflector as a chopper at
the entrance of the RFQ. A prototype of
the chopper reaches a fast rise time less
than 17ns in a proton beam test.
Front-end
•
•
RF power couplers
RFQ
A four-vane type RFQ at 324 MHz
composed of two coupled resonators.
Four modules have been brazed for
assembly and field tuning.
Vacuum pumps
RF Power
Two sets of Burle 4616 Tetrode feed
530 kW total RF power to the RFQ. In
the power test, the source can reach
400 kW pulse power with pulse length
of 700μs at 25 Hz, better than
specification.
DTL
•
•
Tank and drift tube
The DTL linac is composed of 4
tanks with a total length of 35 m.
Each tank is about 9m long and
assembled with 3 technical
modules. EMQs in FFDD lattice
provide focusing in equipartioning
design.
The first tank is under fabrication.
Tank is made of a carbon steel
tube with copper plated on the
inner surface. A feature of the DTL
is the use of OFC in all parts of
DTs. SAKAE coil is adopted for the
quadrupole.
DTL
• RF Power
RF power source for DTL is 324 MHz
klystron from CPI, with maximum
output power of 3 MW. Two sets of
400 Hz AC series resonance high
voltage power supply is under
manufacture.
• LLRF
A full digitalized LLRF system was
tested with amplitude and phase
variations in the cavity less than
±0.25% and ±0.35° with beam
loading, much better than the
requirements of ±1% in amplitude
and ±1° in phase.
±0.20%,
<±1.00%, required
±0.25 ,
<±1.00, required
RCS Design
 Lattice of 4-fold symmetry, triplet.
 227.92m circumference.
 Four long straight sections for
injection, acceleration, collimation
and extraction.
 24 main dipoles with one power
supply.
 48 main quadrupoles with 5 power
supplies.
 Ceramic vacuum chambers for the
AC & pulsed magnets.
 8 RF ferrite loaded cavities to
provide 165 kV.
RCS Hardware prototype
• RCS Main Dipole
Two prototypes were fabricated to
address the issue of laminate crack.
Based the successful experience we
started the mass production at IHEP
workshop.
• RCS Main Quadrupole
Overcome crack trouble of the coil
epoxy resin. Contracted with IHEP
workshop and the first one has been
manufactured. 72 hours test run has
been conducted without any crack.
Field measurement show a satisfactory
results.
Power supply
 White resonant circuit is chosen as the
power supply to provide AC+DC current
to the main magnets.
 Power source and choke are now
under mass production.
 To compensate for the field deformation
due to the magnet core nonlinearity,
harmonic injection technology is
successfully introduced into the power
supplies in the test of the prototype.
Ring RF
Ferrite loaded cavity’s resonant
frequency shifts from 1.02 MHz to 2.44
MHz in 20 ms by a bias current supply.
Cavity design is improved, under mass
production.
Tube amplifier
RF
Cavity
Power
supplies and
drive
amplifier
Anode DC
power supply
Bias supply
8 sets of 500 kW transmitter
have been in mass production.
Heat
exchanger
Electricity
switchboard
Control and
interlock modu
Ceramic Chamber
Mass production of the
ceramic chambers for RCS
main Q and D magnets has
started.
N2/Ar inlet
Right cathode(7.5)
Left cathode(7.5)
A curved magnetron
sputtering facility for TiN
coating has be set up at
IHEP and glow discharge
has been got in the first test
for the prototype dipole
ceramic chamber.
31
RCS Injection & Extraction
 The stripping foil facility has been
manufactured with 20 carbon foils on a
rotating frame.
 One of the two injection pulsed bump power
supplies of 9,000A made in R&D phase can
be directly used.
 8 kicker magnets have been put into mass
production and the first one will be accepted
in August. Their power supplies are now
under fabrication and the first one is
scheduled in Sept. 2013.
Outline
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP
 BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII
 CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)
 ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)
 FUTURE ACCELERATOR
China ADS Road Map
Phase I：
key tech. R&D
Acc. & target & reactor
prototype
(~10 MWt, ~2023)
Phase II：
Exp. Facility
Phase III：
Demo Facility
(~100 MWt, ~2030)
(~1000 MWt, ~2037)
ADS Proton Beam Requirement
Particle
Proton
Energy
1.5
GeV
Current
10
mA
Beam power
15
MW
Frequency
162.5/325/650
MHz
Duty factor
100
%
Beam Loss
<1 (0.3)
W/m
Beam trips/year
<25000
<2500
<25
1s<t<10s
10s<t<5m
t>5m
Layout of the ADS Proton Linac
 The proton accelerator is being built by IHEP and IMP together.
 This project
has begun from early 2011, supported by
“Strategic Priority Research Program” by CAS。
Design of Injector I
Frequency (MHz)
325
ECR Source Voltage (keV)
35
RFQ Energy (MeV)
3.2
Injector I Energy (MeV)
10
Number of Spoke012 Cavity
14
Number of solenoid
14
Number of cold BPM
14
Number of CM
1+1
8%/ 5%/5%
Design of Injector II
ECR
LEBT
2*Sole.
35keV
=0.087
RFQ 4-5m
4-5parts .
Frequency(MHz)
162.5
ECR Voltage(KeV)
35
RFQ Energy(MeV)
2.1
Injector II Energy (MeV)
10
Number of HWR010 Cavity
12
Number of solenoid
12
Number of cold BPM
10
Number of CM
1+1
MEBT
FDF-B-FDF-B
2.1MeV
=0.067
SC-segment HWR C.M.
2.1-10MeV
g~0.09
Design of Main Linac
Cavity type
β
Frequency
Vmax
(MV)
Emax
(MV/m)
Bmax
(mT)
Number of
Cavity
S-spoke
0.21
325
1.64
31.14
65
36
S-spoke
0.40
325
2.86
32.06
65
56
5-cell Ellip.
0.63
650
10.26
37.72
65
36
5-cell Ellip.
0.82
650
15.63
35.80
65
95
Lattice structures for the main linac sections
RMS beam envelope along the main linac
IS and LEBT
Parameters
Required
Status
Ion type
proton
Energy (KeV)
35
35
Peak Current (mA)
10 (RFQ)
~35
Discharge Power (kW)
<2
< 0.9
Microwave Frequency (GHz)
2.45
2.45
Operated Mode
CW
CW or Pulsed
α
2.4
β(cm/rad)
7.7
ε (nRMS) (π.mm.mrad)
0.2
~0.2
 CH3为DCCT测试CW引出束流信号
35keV@19mA
 CH4 Beamstop测试引出束流信号
35keV@15mA
 LEBT传输效率约79%
RFQ for injector I and II
Frequency
Injection energy
Output energy
Beam current
Beam duty factor
Beam transmission
Inter-vane voltage V
Average bore radius r0
Vane tip curvature
Maximum surface field
Input norm. rms emittance (x,y,z)
Output norm. rms emittance (x/y/z)
Vane length
Accelerator length
162.5
35
2.1
10
100
99.6
65
5.731
4.298
15.7791
0.3/0.3/0
0.31/0.31/0.92
419.2
420.8
325
35
3.2
10
100
98.7
55
2.775
2.775
28.88
0.2/0.2/0
0.2/0.2/0.50
467.75
469.95
MHz
keV
MeV
mA
%
%
kV
mm
mm
MV/m
πmm.mrad
πmm.mrad/keV-ns
cm
cm
Superconducting Cavities
Parameters
Cavities
Units
HWR010 S012 S021 S040 E063 E082
Frequency
162.5
325
325
325
650
650
MHz
Epeak/Eacc 5.90
4.54
3.88
3.30
2.60
2.12
Bpeak/Eacc 12.1
6.37
8.13
8.34
4.73
4.05
mT/(MV/m)
R/Q
153
142
206
244
304
514
Ω
G
28.4
61.0
87.0
104
193
235
Ω
Q0
4.0
E+08
Vertical test result of Spoke012
Q0=5.8x108@6MV/m, 4K;
Q0=3.4x108@7MV/m, 4K.
Vertical test results of HWR010
High Power Input Coupler
Cavity type Frequency (MHz)
162.5
RFQ
325
HWR
162.5
Spoke
325
Elliptical
650
Power (kW)
Qext
Connecting type
80,CW,TW
~5670
15,CW,TW
~7.0E5
WR2300
Coaxial waveguide,
YX50-105-1
Coaxial waveguide,
,50
10~20, CW,TW ~7.0E5
RF Source
Frequency（MHz）
Output Power（kW）
CW Klystron
RFQ I
325
600  1
CW Tetrode
RFQ II
162.5
200  4
Spoke
325
HWR
162.5
CW SSA
Elliptical
LLRF
650
Digital LLRF (mTCA)
10 / 20 / 40
80kV，18A PSM
ADS Injector Beam Test Schedule
Injector I
2013.11
ECR & LEBT Commissioning
2014.01
RFQ Conditioning
2014.02
ECR+LEBT+RFQ Conditioning
2014.03
ECR+LEBT+RFQ Beam Commissioning
2014.05
Cryogenics ready
2014.10
1st Cryomodule Horizontal Test
2014.12
5 MeV Beam Commissioning
2015.03
2nd Cryomodule Horizontal Test
2015.05
10 MeV Beam Commissioning
Injector II
Cryogenics ready
5 MeV Beam Commissioning
Outline
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF IHEP
 BEPC (Beijing e- & e+ Collider) & BEPCII
 CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source)
 ADS (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System)
 FUTURE ACCELERATOR R&D
 BAPS(Beijing Advanced Photon Source)
 ILC
 CEPC+SppC
 MOMENT
Beijing Advanced Photon Source
 A 5-GeV light source,
with very small
Emittance；
 and the possibility to
have ERL and X-FEL
in the future.
Parameters
Unit
Value
Elentron beam energy
GeV
5
m
1296
mA
200~300
Horizontal emmittance
nm·rad
0.46（0.1/0.01）
Electron beam length
ps/mm
~ 8.0/2.4
Circumference
Current
Photon energy(Ec)
Peak luminosity
keV
Photons/s/mm2
/mrad2/0.1%BW
10.65(main bend)
83.1(5T SC Wig.)
大于1021
49
Beijing Advanced Photon Source
• Some key accelerator technologies and accelerator
physics need R&D, including
 Accelerator physics study







High-precision quadrupoles and sextupoles
Pulsed sextupole for injection
SC wiggler and low temperature undulator
Some beam diagnostics components
Mechanics and girder
Stability study including mock-up tunnel
RF power source and 5-cell cavity
ERL Test Facility is being proposed
Compact TF-- 35 MeV-10 mA
 DC- and 5 MeV injector (2 x 2-cell CW SC cavity)
 RF Gun and 20 MeV injector for the FEL
 ERL ring
 L-band CW SC Linac: (2 x 7-cell CW SC cavity) ；
 2 TBA arcs , 2 straight sections ；
 ERL -THz beam lines (from CSR or Oscillator).
51
500kV Photocathode DC-Gun development
at IHEP
Parameter
Value
HV
350 ~ 500 kV
Cathode
GaAs:Cs
QE
5-7%(initial),1%
Life Time
20 h
Driven laser
2.3W，530nm
Repetition rate
100MHz, 1.3GHz*
Beam dump
500kV HVPS
GaAs photocathode
preparation system
Beam
diagnostics
Drive laser
Nor. emittance
Titanium gun body
and ceramic insulator
(1~2)mm.mrad ,(77pC)
(0.1~0.2)mm.mrad,(7.7pC)
Bunch length
20ps
Beam current
(5~10) mA
•Two operation modes:
1). 100MHz-7.7mA-77pC,
2)1300MHz-10mA-7.7pC.



The Gun’s preliminary design is ready and its funding is approved by
IHEP, the main purpose:
To develop a prototype of DC-Gun for ERL
To develop a test bench for advanced beam diagnostics
Key SC Accelerator Technologies for ILC
1.3GHz 9-cell cavity (IHEP-01)
IHEP first Large-grain low-loss shape, 20MV/m
Input coupler
12 m Cryomodule for Euro-XFEL
PXFEL1 in FLASH; 58 ordered for XFEL
Long-term projects oriented research CEPC+SppC
• A circular e+/e- collider as Higgs Factory has been studying at IHEP.
If it can be built in 10 years from now, it will put China as one of the
key players in high-energy physics. The machine can be converted
into a proton-proton collider for tens TeV high-energy frontier.
pp collider
SppC：50 – 90 TeV
CEPC：240 – 250GeV
ee+ Higgs Factory
Long-term projects oriented research MOMENT
 After neutrino experiments at Daya Bay and JUNO which both
are based on reactor neutrinos, a longer term project based on
accelerator neutrinos is also under study at IHEP.
 MOMENT (MuOn-decay Medium baseline NeUTrino beam
facility) is a dedicated machine to measure leptonic CP violation.
Summary
• The Accelerator Center is developed along with the
development of accelerator physics and technology, for
both high energy physics and user application.
• Operation, construction large scientific facilities are the
main tasks of the Accelerator Center.
• There are many common interest in developing high
power accelerator between IHEP and ESS.
• Look forward more fruitful collaboration with ESS.
Thanks for
your attention!
57