2/6/2014
V19 – X26 User Course
X26 Recertification
V19 – X26 User Course
State Certification
Requirements
Illinois 95th General Assembly
Resolution 0051
Requires Manufacturer’s Certification on
Elector-Muscular Disruption Technology
(EMDT) Employed by Illinois law
Enforcement and Correctional Officers
User Certification Course TASER®Conducted Electrical Weapon
TASER International Requires Annual Recertification
Version 19 Released April 2013
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Goal of this Training
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
TASER CEWs Are Not Risk Free
To provide the theory and practical
training necessary to reasonably,
safely and effectively operate the
TASER X26 Conducted Electrical
Weapon (CEW).
Material updates conducted on-line by
instructor within 72 hours of each class
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Safety Rules
At this time, review all current TASER
Warnings contained in the instructor
manual
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Definitions
TASER
Conducted Electrical Weapon (CEW)
The Instructor will act as safety officer during
the static live fire exercises
The Taser is described as an Conducted Electrical Weapon (CEW)
which uses propelled wires or direct contact to conduct energy to affect the
sensory and motor functions of the nervous system
The term describing the incapacitating effects of Taser is
Neuro-Muscular Incapacitation (NMI)
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TASER X26 CEW Nomenclature
V19 – X26 User Course
Human Nervous System
Illumination Selector
Switch
TASER Cartridge
AFID Tags
Front Sight
Probes
Central Nervous System
Serial Number
Plate
The Brain and Spinal Cord act as the
Command Center for the Human
Nervous System
Safety Switch
Central
Information
Display
(CID)
Sensory Nervous System
System of nerves that send signals to
the brain about things such as pain
“Drive Stunning” effects these nerves
DPM Release
Button
Trigger
DPM
Built-in Laser
Sight
Low Intensity Lights
Stainless Steel
Shock Plate
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Motor Nervous System
The TASER CEW systems affect
both the sensory and motor
nervous systems
Muscles responsible for skeletal
muscular movement
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Voluntary Exposure
TASER does not require an exposure to the
TASER for User Re-Certification
TASER does strongly recommend exposure
during initial certification
TASER protocol for voluntary exposure requires
that two “spotters” hold the volunteer under the
arm to stabilize the shoulder and upper arm.
During exposure the volunteer may be held up or
carefully lowered to the ground.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Yellow
Blast
Doors
15 feet
Silver
Blast
Doors
21 feet
Green
Blast
Doors
25 feet
Blue
Cartridge
LS
Trainer
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Version 18 07/11
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V19 – X26 User Course
TASER Cartridge Probe Assembly
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V19 – X26 User Course
TASER Cartridge
Electricity is conducted down the metal
contacts and energizes ignition pin.
Primer
The electricity fires a small primer that
forces the nitrogen capsule rearward
into a hollow puncture pin that releases
the compressed nitrogen into the probe
chambers, which forces the probes out
of the bores.
Probes
Nitrogen
Capsule
Puncture
Pin
AFIDs
The blast doors, probes, probe wires,
foam poron pads, ejectors and AFIDs
are then propelled forward.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
15, 21 & 25 foot TASER Cartridges
V19 – X26 User Course
Cannot Discharge
May Discharge
The top probe is “horizontal” relative to CEW
8°
Spent Cartridge
Bottom probe 8-degrees down provides for spread
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Live Cartridge.
Blast Doors Missing.
NOT Reliable!
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
V19 – X26 User Course
Inspect Cartridge Daily
AFIDs
During “Spark Test”
Blast Doors in Tact
Check for Cracks
Locking Tabs
Expiration Date
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Loading TASER Cartridges
Avoid placing hand In front of cartridge
while loading
Make sure Safety
is on
V19 – X26 User Course
Loading TASER Cartridges
Assure that cartridge is
properly and
completely seated
Point in a safe
direction
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Cartridge Safety
V19 – X26 User Course
Hand In Front of TASER Cartridge
Cartridge is deployed by
an electrical discharge
Cartridge deployment can be
caused by static electricity
Even if not attached to TASER
Always keep hands away from
the front of cartridge
DO NOT inadvertently point
cartridge at yourself or others
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Hand In Front of TASER Cartridge
V19 – X26 User Course
Reloading and Failure Drills
Officers should periodically practice reloading and failure drills
Spent cartridges can be used for these drills but it is important to:
Visually inspect each cartridge to
verify there are no probes in it
Visually inspect each cartridge to
verify there are no wires in it
Spent cartridge
Front view
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Version 18 07/11
Load cartridge, point in safe
direction and discharge one cycle
to ensure it is empty
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V19 – X26 User Course
Prior to Firing Probes
a
Announce, “TASER! TASER!”
In a clear loud voice
Probe Placement
and
To Inform other officers of impending deployment
Targeted Areas
Avoid misunderstanding of possible gun fire
a
Not intended as a warning
Don’t give up “Element of Surprise”
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
V19 – X26 User Course
V17
Do not intentionally target sensitive
areas of the body with the TASER
Head
Throat
Chest/breast
Chest area near the heart
Genitals
Known pre-existing injury areas
Unless it can be Justified
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Preferred Target
area for back shots
Preferred Target
area for front shots
Lower center mass
(below chest or area of the heart)
and legs
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Version 18 07/11
V19 – X26 User Course
Below the neck area
for back shots
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Targeting the persons back is
usually preferable because:
The back of the body has
larger muscles
Reduced risk of hitting
a sensitive body part
Clothing usually fits
tighter across the back
V19 – X26 User Course
Frontal Deployment
Considerations
When deploying probes to the
front of a person’s body, the
CEW should generally be aimed:
So as to
“split the hemispheres”
(the beltline)
Surprise factor
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
V19 – X26 User Course
Line Up The TASER
With The Target
Drive Stun
• Keep TASER in line with target
• MUST get both probes on target
• May need to angle so bottom probe hits leg
• May need to turn CEW sideways if subject is
laying down
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
A Drive Stun will effect the
Sensory Nervous System
It should be applied as a “Pain Compliance” Technique
Do not hold on to a live cartridge
while applying a drive-stun
Give clear commands prior to applying Drive Stun
If there is non-compliance, deliver a Drive Stun
Cease Drive Stun immediately when
compliance is achieved
If cartridge gets within 2 inches of the
TASER device, during a Drive Stun,
it may deploy
Handcuff and Secure Subject ASAP once
compliance is achieved
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Version 18 07/11
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Drive-Stun
V19 – X26 User Course
Probe Deployment vs. Drive Stun
For maximum effectiveness,
drive the TASER device into
certain pressure points
Cartridge deployment, even at very close range,
is often more desirable than a
Drive Stun (with cartridge removed)
(green areas)
Both probes make contact for the full 5 seconds
Use care when applying the
drive-stun to the neck or groin
Less chance of multiple “signature marks”
on the person
(yellow areas)
Stay away from the trachea and
back of the neck
NMI can be achieved if a drive stun is applied
greater than 12 inches from the darts.
(red area)
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
V19 – X26 User Course
Drive Stun “Signature” Marks (X26)
Drive Stun
Drive Stun might not be very effective because
Ability to achieve desired pressure point
application may be difficult with a combative
subject
Drive stun marks - fresh
Drive stun marks – 1 day
Drive stun marks – 6 days
Drive stun marks – 7 days
Contact point spread on front of TASER generally
not large to cause NMI
Difficulty in maintaining contact with
combative subjects
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Injuries From Falls
Elements increasing the
risk of injuries from
TASER deployment
The Neuro-Muscular Incapacitation effect of the
TASER frequently causes people to fall
“Secondary Impact” injuries cited
in numerous court cases
Falls, even from ground level,
can cause serious injury
You must carefully consider the likelihood of
“secondary impact injuries” created by the
environment and surroundings
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V19 – X26 User Course
Examples of persons who are at an
elevated risk of secondary effects
from CEW exposure include:
Additional Elevated Risk Populations
Running Persons
In water (drowning risk)
Persons in elevated positions
Obviously pregnant
Sensitive target areas
Obviously frail or infirm
Persons in a flammable environment
Small children
Low body-mass index (BMI) persons
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
V19 – X26 User Course
Physiologic or Metabolic Effects
Brief Overview of Selected
Portions of
Medical and Safety
Review TASER’s CEW Research Index and
other documents and materials contained on
the Training DVD and on TASER’s website.
Studies have show that certain
physiological or metabolic effects occur in
people as a result of many of the various
types and methods of force used by police
in making arrests.
As with any use of force, the longer the CEW
exposure the greater the potential cumulative
physiological or metabolic effects.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Cardiac
Cardiac
• Risk of an CEW application having a
negative effect on a person’s heart rate
and/or rhythm is Very Low, not zero
• The risk of an CEW causing cardiac arrest
in humans from ventricular fibrillation is
sufficiently remote that making accurate
estimates is very difficult. Current
estimates of the risk are on the order of
1 in 100,000 applications
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Version 18 07/11
V19 – X26 User Course
Experts have identified the following key factors
related to CEW cardiac risks:
– Dart-to-heart (“DTH”) distances,
– Amount of delivered electrical charge
The further a CEW dart is away from the heart
and the lower the delivered electrical charge
the lower the risk of the CEW affecting the
heart.
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V19 – X26 User Course
V19 – X26 User Course
CEW “Smart Use”
Considerations
Legal
TASER does not provide legal advice.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Courts Have Ruled That:
The use of a CEW (TASER) on a person
involves the application of force
Each additional CEW (TASER) is
considered an additional use force
Multiple CEW applications cannot be
justified solely on the grounds that a
person fails to comply with a command
V19 – X26 User Course
4th Amendment U.S.
Constitution Standard:
In judging whether [an officer’s] actions
were reasonable, we must consider the
risk of bodily harm that [the officer’s]
actions posed to [the person] in light of
the [person’s] threat to the public that
[the officer] was trying to eliminate.
Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 383 (2007)
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
4th
Amendment – CEW Probe Mode
CEW in dart mode constitutes an
“intermediate, significant level” of force that
must be1 justified by a strong government
interest
- Pepper spray and batons are also intermediate
force options.
CEW against a non-violent misdemeanant
who appeared to pose no immediate threat
and who was given no warning was
2
unconstitutional excessive force
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Version 18 07/11
V19 – X26 User Course
4th Amendment
“It is an excessive and unreasonable use
of force for a police officer repeatedly to
administer electrical shocks with a [CEW]
on an individual who no longer is armed,
has been brought to the ground, has been
restrained physically by several other
officers, and no longer is actively resisting
arrest.”
Meyers v. Baltimore County MD
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Additional Force Factors
• Court may consider "the availability of
[less injurious] alternative methods of
capturing or subduing a suspect.”
• Court may consider what officers knew
about the suspect's health, mental
condition, or other relevant frailties.
• Officer should give a warning before force
when appropriate.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Considerations to Avoid CEW
Excessive Force Liability
If person is not an immediate threat or flight risk
from a serious event the CEW generally should
not be used if:
The person is passively resisting
The person is perceived to be mentally ill
Without the officer first attempting to use
negotiations, commands or physical skills
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V19 – X26 User Course
Courts Have Ruled That:
Probe Deployment has been determined
to be a “more intrusive” use of force
than a Drive Stun
V19 – X26 User Course
Tactical Considerations
Use the Least Number of CEW
Discharges to Accomplish Lawful
Objectives
Avoid Multiple, Repeated Exposures
When Possible
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
V19 – X26 User Course
Total or Cumulative CEW Exposures
Contingencies
Officers should attempt to minimize the total
or cumulative CEW exposure duration by:
Any use of force has a risk of death or
serious bodily harm
Use the “window of opportunity” to restrain
The lower the number of force applications to
accomplish lawful objectives the better
Cuffing under power
If circumstances require multiple or extended duration
discharges, the operator should carefully:
observe the person during breaks and provide
breaks in the CEW exposure
when practicable
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Version 18 07/11
Nothing works 100% of the time and
contingencies should be considered.
The use of force must be in compliance with
appropriate legal and policy standards and
requirements
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V19 – X26 User Course
Controlling and Handcuffing
“Under Power”
When a violently resistive subject is incapacitated by the
TASER, and it reasonably safe to do so, the control officer
should handcuff the subject under power to:
Reduce the need for additional cycles, exposure or
cumulative exposures
Reduce the likelihood that subject will roll
during the cycle
Reduce the potential of injury to the officer(s) while
person is incapacitated only during the cycle
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
Flammability
Activated CEW’s can ignite:
In the “Contact & Cover” approach,
the TASER operator becomes the
cover officer
The need for multiple repeated cycles
may be avoided if contact officer(s) are
available to handcuff the subject
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
TASER X26 Data-port
TASER X26 date download
records include:
Date and time of each discharge
Records 1500 deployments
Gasoline vapors
The remaining battery strength
Butane
Some personal defense sprays (O.C. spray)
The duration of the discharge
Some hair sprays or gels
The internal temperature of the X26
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
TRIGGER OPERATION
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
X26 DPM Upgrading
The standard CEW cycle if the trigger is
pulled and released is 5 seconds
When a new DPM, which contains newer
software, is inserted a programming
upgrade will occur
If the safety switch of the X26 is put in the
down (SAFE) position during the discharge
cycle, the cycle will stop immediately.
A “P” is displayed in the CID during this
upgrade process which takes
approximately 10-12 seconds
If the trigger on an X26 is held down beyond
5 seconds the electrical discharge will
continue until the trigger is released
If you see a “P” in the CID of an X26
leave it alone until after it has finished
the boot up sequence
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Version 18 07/11
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V19 – X26 User Course
Spark Test
V19 – X26 User Course
TASER Radio Interference
400 megahertz (MHz) radios can interfere
with proper X26 operation when:
A daily “Spark Test” on the TASER is
recommended to verify the CEW is
operating
They are in close proximity to each other
The safety switch is in the up
(ARMED) position
The radio is keyed
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
See Trademark Notice file on DVD. © 2013 TASER International Inc.
V19 – X26 User Course
More info:
www.TASER.com
(updated regularly with new videos and current news)
17800 N. 85th St
Scottsdale, AZ 85255-9603
800-978-2737
Made in Scottsdale, AZ USA
Email: Training@TASER.com
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