Innovative Technologies
Customized Solutions
Intensive Support
Our Ideas,
Your Success.
Legal Requirements for
Motor Vehicles and Trailers
according to ECE Regulation 48
Ideas today for
the cars of tomorrow
Summary of Lighting Regulations
In order to optimally equip and/or retrofit a vehicle, legal requirements must be considered. On the following pages, we want to
introduce you to the legal requirement according to ECE regulation 48 for the installation of front, side and rear lighting. The
chapter is separated into regulations for motorhomes and trailers. It specifies which lights are legally required and which are
not authorized.
The overview is divided into two parts:
■ Requirements for motor vehicle classes (passenger car, motorhome, bus, truck, municipal- and special body design)
■ Requirement for vehicle classes (12 V-trailer, caravan and 24
V-trailer).
Motor vehicle classes
It also describes in detail the installation requirement for each
light. The colour-coding and the Quick Finder will help you to
quickly find the desired regulation.
From experience it is known that legal requirement may change.
Therefore, we do not guarantee indefinitely for these equipment
provisions.
Vehicle classes
M1 Motor vehicles up to 3.5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity
O1
Trailers up to 0.75 tons
M2 Motor vehicles up to 5 tons and over 9 person transport capacity
O2
Trailers over 0.75 up to 3.5 tons
M3 Motor vehicles over 5 tons and over 9 person transport capacity
O3
Trailers over 3.5 up to 10 tons
O4
Trailers over 10 tons
N1 Motor vehicles for goods transportation up to 3.5 tons
N2 Motor vehicles for goods transportation over 3.5 up to 12 tons
N3 Motor vehicles for goods transportation over 12 tons
12-V Trailer
Passenger car
Motorhome
24-V Trailer
Bus
Caravan
Truck
Municipal and Special
Body Design
2
These pictograms show which regulation is
applicable to which classes.
© Hella KGaA
Motor vehicle classes
(passenger car, motorhome, bus, truck, municipal and special body design)
3
Front Lighting
Motorhomes
■ Highlighted in blue
■ Pages 4-9
Rear Lighting
Motorhomes
■ Highlighted in red
■ Pages 14-21
1
2
Side Lighting
Motorhomes
■ Highlighted in yellow
■ Pages 10-13
Vehicle classes
(12 V trailer, caravan and 24 V trailer)
6
Rear Lighting Trailers
■ Highlighted in red
■ Pages 28-35
5
Front Lighting Trailer
4
■ Highlighted in blue
■ Pages 22-25
Side Lighting Trailers
■ Highlighted in yellow
■ Pages 26-27
© Hella KGaA
3
Legal Regulations for Motorhomes according to ECE Regulation 48
Motorhome - Front
1
1
■ ECE-R 3
Reflector
■ ECE-R 4
Licence plate light
■ ECE-R 6
Turn signals, front, rear and side
■ ECE-R 7
Sidelight, taillight, brake light, clearance light
■ ECE-R 19
Fog light
■ ECE-R 23
Reverse light
■ ECE-R 38
Rear fog light
4
■ ECE-R 77
Parking light, front and rear
■ ECE-R 87
Daytime running lights
■ ECE-R 91
Side marker light
■ ECE-R 98 / 99
Xenon headlight
■ ECE-R 104
Retro-reflective markings
■ ECE-R 112
Halogen headlights
■ ECE-R 119
Cornering light
■ ECE-R 48
For installation and use
Truck/Bus/motorhome/Vehicle
Motor-Vehicle Classes
Legal Regulations for Lights and Headlights
Due to the scope of legal regulations, only the most important
legal regulations are explained at this point. In the following regulations you can find all relevant information pertaining to signal
lights, their characteristics and usage.
M1
Vehicles up to 3.5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity
M2
Vehicles up to 5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity
M3
Vehicles over 5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity
N1
Vehicles for goods transportation up to 3.5 tons
N2
Vehicles for goods transportation over 3.5 up to 12 tons
N3
Vehicles for goods transportation over 12 tons
© Hella KGaA
Dipped beam headlights
Max. 400 mm
Attachment
Legally required for all vehicle classes
Quantity
2
Mounting Height
Min. 500 mm, max. 1,200 mm
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width.
Min. 600 mm between both dipped beam lights.
Not valid for M1-vehicles and N1-vehicles. In all other
motor-vehicle classes min. 400 mm if total width of vehicle
< 1,300 mm
Electric Circuit
Paired activation of additional headlights for dipped
beam and main beam lights authorized. During switch to
dipped beam light, all main beam lights must be simultaneously deactivated.
Tell-Tale
Authorized
Other Regulations
If the headlights are equipped with > 2,000 lumen light
sources (usually Xenon) (low and main beam light),
automatic headlight range adjustment and a headlight
cleaning system must be installed. These requirements
apply for retrofitting of vehicles in use, retrofitted after
April 1, 2000.
Min. 600 mm
Max.
1.200 mm
Min.
500 mm
valid for:
1
Only the headlights for the dipped beam light according
to ECE R 98 or 112 may radiate bend lighting.
Main beam headlights
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
Attachment
Legally required for all vehicle classes
Quantity
2 or 4, for N3 vehicles = 6
Mounting Height
No special regulations
Mounting Width
No special regulations, but must be attached so that the
driver is not bothered by the reflection.
Electric Circuit
Paired activation of additional headlights for dipped
beam and main beam lights authorized. During switch to
dipped beam light, all main beams must be simultaneously deactivated.
Tell-Tale
Blue control light
Other Regulations
The light intensity of all activatable headlights may not
exceed 225,000 Candela. The sum of the reference
numbers must not be larger than 75.
5
Fog lights
1
Max. 400 mm
Max.
800 mm
Min.
250 mm
Attachment
Legally required for all vehicle classes
Quantity
2
Colour
White or light-yellow
Mounting Height
No higher than the dipped beam light, min. 250 mm above
ground.
For M1-vehicles and N1-vehicles max. 800 mm above
ground. For all other vehicles, no height limit.
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width
Electric Circuit
With dipped beam and main beam light
Tell-Tale
Mandatory. An independent, non-blinking control light.
valid for:
Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Front
Attachment
Legally required for all vehicle classes, category 1, 1a, or 1b
Quantity
2
Colour
Amber
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm, max. 1.500 mm (exception: 2.100 mm).
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width.
Min. 600 mm between both indicator lights, but min. 400
mm for vehicles with widths of < 1,300 mm
Geometrical Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45° inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°, but for
a mounting height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards
Electric Circuit
The light must flash independent of the other lights. They
must be attached on the same vehicle side and must be
activated or deactivated using the same lever/switch. They
must flash synchronously.
Switch-on Control
Mandatory
Min. 600 mm
Max. 400 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
Note:
Category 1 = Distance to dipped beam light > 40 mm
Illumination min. 175 cd
Category 2 = Distance to dipped beam light > 40 mm
Illumination min. 250 cd
Category 3 = Distance to dipped beam light > 20 mm
Illumination min. 400 cd
cd = Candela
6
© Hella KGaA
Sidelight
Attachment
Legally required for all vehicle classes
Quantity
2
Colour
White
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. Distance between sidelights for M1-vehicles and
N1-vehicles not determined. For all other vehicle classes,
min. 600 mm between both sidelights, but min. 400 mm
for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm
Geometrical Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45° inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°, but
for a mounting height of < 750 mm also 5° downwards.
Electric Circuit
Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence
plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and
deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Mandatory. The warning light can flash. Not necessary if
the lighting device can only be operated simultaneously
with the sidelight.
Min. 600 mm
Max. 400 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
1
Parking Light, Front
Attachment
Authorized for vehicles ≤ 6 metres long and ≤ 2 metres
wide. Unauthorized for all other passenger cars.
Quantity
2 lights at the front and 2 lights at the rear, or 1 light on
each side.
Colour
White
Mounting Height
No special regulations for M1-vehicles and N1-vehicles.
For all other motor-vehicle classes, min. 350 mm , max.
1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm).
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. If only 2 lights are mounted, attachment on the
side of the vehicle.
Electric Circuit
The parking lights must work without other lights being
activated.
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If one is present, it must not be confused
with the control device for the sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by the
taillight and sidelight.
Max. 400 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
7
Clearance Light, Front
as far on the outside as possible
Max. 400 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for vehicles >2.1 metres wide. Authorized for
vehicles > 1.8 metres to ≤ 2.1 metres wide.
Quantity
2
Colour
White
Mounting Height
Above the transparent areas of the windshield
Mounting Width
As far on the outside as possible, max. 400 mm from the
outermost point of the motor-vehicle width.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 80° outside
Vertical 5° above and 20° below the horizontal line.
Electric Circuit
Must be dimensioned so that the sidelight, taillight, licence
plate, and side marker lights can only be activated or deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If one is present, it’s function must be fulfilled by
the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearance
light can be combined in one light if the mounting regulations and viewing angle regulations are adhered to. Each
sidelight and/or side reflector can be used. Additional
reflector material is authorized.
as high as
possible
1
valid for:
Reflector, Front
Min. 600 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for vehicles with retracting headlights/lights.
Authorized for all other vehicles.
Quantity
2
Colour
White
Form
Non-triangular
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width.
Distance between the reflectors for M1-vehicles and N1vehicles not determined. For all other vehicle classes, min.
600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm for
motor-vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 30°
Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,
5° downwards
Max. 400 mm
Max.
900 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
8
© Hella KGaA
Daytime Running Lights
Attachment
Authorized for all vehicle classes
Quantity
2
Colour
White
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width.
Min. 600 mm between both daylight running lights, but
min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 20°
Vertical ± 10°
Electric Circuit
Automatic start-up when engine is started. The daylight
running lights must turn off automatically when the headlight is switched on.
Tell-Tale
Mandatory
1
Min. 600 mm
Max. 400 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
Cornering Light
Attachment
Authorized for all vehicle classes
Quantity
2
Colour
White
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm, but no higher than the dipped beam light
Longitudinal Direction
Max. 1,000 mm from the front most point of the vehicle
width
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 30°
Vertical ± 30° to 60° outwards
Electric Circuit
Must be designed so that they can only be turned on
when the full and the dipped beam lights are turned on.
Activation only when the turn signals on the same
vehicle side are turned on and/or when the steering
wheel is changed from the straightforward position.
Automatic turn-off when turn signal is turned off and/or
the steering wheel is back in the straightforward position.
Tell-Tale
None
Other Regulations
Cornering lights may not be turned on at speeds
of > 40 km/h
Max. 400 mm
Max.
900 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
9
Motorhome – Side
2
2
Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Side
Max.
1.500 mm
Max.
1.800 mm
valid for:
10
Attachment
Attachment (minimum illumination = 0.6 cd)
Mandatory for M1-vehicles
Mandatory for N1-, M2, and M3 vehicles ≤ 6 metres
Category 6 (minimum illumination = 50 cd)
Mandatory for N2 and N3 vehicles
Mandatory for N1-, M2, and M3 vehicles > 6 metres
Quantity
1 on each side
Colour
Amber
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm for M1 and N1 vehicles.
Min. 500 mm for all other vehicle classes.
Max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,300 mm)
Longitudinal
Attachment
Max. 1,800 mm from the front, measured from the outermost point (exception: 2,500 mm)
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal min. 5° to 60° rear
Vertical ± 15° , but for mounting heights of < 750 mm,
5° downwards
Electric Circuit
Mandatory. The light must flash independent of the other
lights. They are attached on the same vehicle side and
must be activated and deactivated using the same
lever/switch. They must flash synchronously
Tell-Tale
Mandatory
Other Regulations
Category 5 turn signals on the side may be replaced with
category 6 in any case
Min.
350/500 mm
© Hella KGaA
Reflector, Side
Max. 3.000 mm
Max. 900 mm
Max. 3.000 mm
Max.
1.000 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 metres
Quantity
At least 1 in the middle third
Attachment
Allowed for all vehicles ≤ 6 metres
Number
At least one in the front and/or rear third
Colour
Amber in the front and rear (in combination with taillight,
red is possible as well)
Shape
Non-triangular
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)
Longitudinal
Attachment
At least 1 reflector in the middle third. The front most
attached reflector must be attached max. 3 metres from
the front most vehicle point.
Max. 3 metres between the individual reflectors (exception: 4 metres). This does not apply to M1 and N1
vehicles. Max. distance from the rear 1 meter.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45°
Vertical ± 10° , but for mounting heights of < 750 mm,
5° downwards
Other Regulations
The illuminated surfaces of the reflector can be integrated in the side marker light. Here, the maximum mounting height of the reflector must be considered.
2
Min. 250 mm
valid for:
Parking Lights, Side
Attachment
Authorized for vehicles ≤ 6 metres long and ≤ 2 metres
wide. Unauthorized for all other vehicles.
Quantity
2 lights at the front and 2 at the rear, or one light on each
side
Colour
Amber
Mounting Height
No special regulations for M1 and N1 vehicles
For all other motor-vehicle classes: min. 350 mm, max.
1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. If only 2 lights are attached, attachment to the
vehicle sides.
Electric Circuit
The parking lights must work without the other lights
being turned on.
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If one is present, it must not be confused
with the control device for the sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by
the taillight and sidelight
Max. 400 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
Min. 350 mm
11
Side Marker Light
Max. 3.000 mm
2
Max. 1.500 mm
Max. 3.000 mm
Max.
1.000 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 metres, except for chassis
with cab. Authorized for all other vehicles.
Quantity
At least 1 in the middle third
Attachment
Mandatory for M1 and N1 vehicles with a length of ≤ 6 metres, if the geometric visibility of the sidelight and taillight
must be balanced
Quantity
At least 1 in the front and/or rear third
Colour
Amber in the front and rear (in combination with combination
rear light, red is possible as well)
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)
Longitudinal
Attachment
Max. 3 metres from the front, 1 meter rear, max. 3 metres between the individual side marker lights (exception: 4 metres)
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 45°. But for vehicles with authorized attachment, ±30°. Vertical ± 10°, but for mounting heights of
< 750 mm 5° downwards.
Electric Circuit
For M1 and N1 vehicles with a length of < 6 metres, the
side-marker lights may also flash an indicator light. They
must flash with the same frequency and on the same side
as the turn signal. No special regulations for all other motorvehicle classes.
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If one is present, it’s function must be fulfilled by
the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated in
the side marker. Here, the maximum mounting height of the
reflector must be considered. The rear side marker light
must be yellow, if it flashes together with the rear turn signal.
Min. 250 mm
valid for:
Note:
SM1 light – light value at least 4 cd = Usage in all vehicle classes
SM2 light – light value at least 0.8 cd = Usage only in M1 class
12
© Hella KGaA
Retro-reflective Markings through side retro-reflective Strips and Contour
Markings (ECE Regulation No. 104)
Max.
1.500 mm
Attachment
Authorized for vehicle classes M2, M3, N1,and N2
vehicle. Unauthorized for all M1 vehicles.
Attachment Scheme
Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one or
several parts.
Mandatory Width:
50 mm + 10/-0 mm
Minimum Length of one part: An authorization sign
must be visible (from a
distance of 0.5 meter).
Colour
White or yellow
Attachment Height
At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground
Longitudinal
Attachment
As far as possible, the attachment of the markings must
be indicated along the entire length (80%) of the vehicle.
In case of broken strips, the distance between the individual parts must be as small as possible and must not be
larger than 50% of the length of the shortest part.
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
2
13
Motorhome – Rear
3
3
Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Rear
Max. 400 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for all vehicles,
Category 2a or 2b
Quantity
2
Colour
Amber
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only if
no additional indicator lights are attached). Mounting height
of the additional indicator lights: Min. 600 mm above the
mandatory indicator light.
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. Does not apply to additional indicator lights. Min.
600 mm between both indicator lights, but min. 400 mm
for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45° on the inside to 80° outside, Vertical ± 15°,
but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5° downwards
Electric Circuit
The light must flash independent of the other lights. They
are attached on the same vehicle side and must be activated and deactivated using the same lever/switch. They
must flash synchronously.
Tell-Tale
Mandatory
Other Regulations
Attachment of 2 additional signal lights on all M2, M3, N2
and N3 vehicles
Min. 600 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
Note:
Category 2a: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 50 cd
Category 2b: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 175 cd,
at night min. 40 cd
14
© Hella KGaA
Taillights
Attachment
Mandatory for all vehicles
Quantity
2
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm
only if no additional taillights are attached). Mounting
height of the additional taillights: Min. 600 mm above the
mandatory taillight.
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outmost point of the vehicle
width. Does not apply to additional taillights. Distance
between taillights for M1 and N1 vehicles not determined. For all other motor-vehicle classes, min. 600 mm
between the taillights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle
widths of < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45° on the inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°,
but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5° downwards
Electric Circuit
Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence
plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and
deactivated simultaneously
Tell-Tale
Mandatory. Must be combined with the control device
for the sidelights.
Other Regulations
Only if no clearance lights are attached, two additional
sidelights and taillights can be attached to all M2, M3, N2
and N3 vehicles
Max. 400 mm
Min. 600 mm
3
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
15
Brake Lights
Attachment
Mandatory for all vehicles, category S1 or S2
Quantity
2
Exception: when category S3 brake lights are attached, two
additional category S1 or S2 brake lights can be attached
to M2, M3, N2 and N3 motor vehicles.
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only if
no 2 additional brake lights are attached). Mounting height
of the additional brake lights: min. 600 mm above the mandatory brake light.
Mounting Width
For M1 and N1 vehicles max. 400 mm from the outermost
point of the vehicle width. No regulation regarding the
distance between the brake lights. For all other motorvehicle classes min. 600 mm between the brake lights, but
min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45°
Vertical ± 15°, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, also
5° downwards
Electric Circuit
Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied
Tell-Tale
Authorized: if one is present, only as functional control light
in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminates
in case of failure
Other Regulations
The distance of the S1 or S2 brake light to the rear fog light
must be > 100 mm
3
Max. 400 mm
Min. 600 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
Note:
Category S1: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 60 cd
Category S2: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 130 cd,
at night min. 30 cd
16
© Hella KGaA
Safety Brake Light
Attachment
Mandatory for all M1 and N1 vehicles, category S3.
Exception: chassis with cab and N1 vehicles with open
storage space. Authorized for all other vehicle classes.
Quantity
1
Only when the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle is not
located on a fixed body panel but separates one or two moving
parts (e.g. doors) and lacks sufficient space to install a single
device of the S3 category on the median longitudinal plane
above such movable parts. Two type D2 S3 brake lights or one
S3 brake light of the longitudinal centre plane can be attached.
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
Either max. 150 mm under the rear windshield or min.
850 mm above the ground, above the S1 and S2 brake
lights.
Mounting Width
Reference point must be in the vehicle’s longitudinal centre plane. If two S3 brake lights are attached, each must
be attached as close as possible to the longitudinal centre plane. If only one S3 brake light is attached next to
the longitudinal centre plane, the distance can only be
max. 150 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 10°.
Vertical 10° above and 5° below the horizontal line.
Electric Circuit
Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied
Tell-Tale
Authorized: if one is present, only as a functional control
light in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminates in case of failure.
Other Regulations
The S3 brake light can be attached to the outside or
inside of the vehicle. If it is attached to the inside, it must
not blind the driver.
Min. 850 mm
3
valid for:
Note:
Category S3/Safety Brake Light
= Light values min. 25 cd/max. 80 cd
Category S3/Type D – Double Light= Light values min. 25 cd/max. 55 cd
© Hella KGaA
17
Reverse Light
Attachment
Quantity
Mandatory for all vehicle classes
Vehicle lengths of ≤ 6 metres = 1 mandatory, a second for
M1 vehicles and authorized for all other motor-vehicle classes. Vehicle lengths of > 6 metres, except for M1 vehicles,
2 mandatory and 2 additional authorized in all other motorvehicle classes.
Colour
Mounting Height
Mounting Width
Geometric Viewing
Angle
White
Min. 250 mm, max. 1,200 mm
No regulation
1 light: Horizontal ± 45°.
2 lights: Horizontal 30° on the inside to 45° outside.
Vertical ± 15° above , to 5° below.
Electric Circuit
Activated only in reverse gear. The electric circuit of the
auxiliary reverse lights must be designed so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only
be activated and deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Other Regulations
Authorized
The attachment of auxiliary reverse lights is possible on the
vehicle’s rear or side
3
Min.
250 mm
Max.
1.200 mm
valid for:
Note:
The interim regulations state that new motor vehicle types (all motor vehicle classes) which are newly
registered from July 2006 onwards must be equipped with
1 reverse light if the vehicle length is < 6000 mm and
2 reverse lights if the vehicle length is > 6000 mm (except for M1 model).
Rear Fog light
Mandatory for all vehicle classes
Quantity
1 or 2
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 1,000 mm
Mounting Width
No regulation
Attachment, General
For 1 rear fog light:
Left from the middle = right-hand traffic
Right from the middle = left-hand traffic
Attachment in the middle authorized
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 25°
Vertical ± 5°
Electric Circuit
Activated only when dipped beam, main beam or fog light
are turned on
Tell-Tale
Mandatory. An independent non-flashing control light.
Other Regulations
The distance to the stop light must be > 100 mm
Max.
1.000 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
18
Attachment
© Hella KGaA
Licence plate Light
Attachment
Mandatory for all vehicle classes
Quantity
1 or more
Colour
White
Mounting Height
Middle or left side (or right side for left-hand traffic)
Electric Circuit
Must be designed so that the sidelight, taillight and side
marker lights can only be activated and deactivated
simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If a control device is present, it’s function
must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the
sidelight and taillight.
valid for:
3
Parking Light, Rear
Max. 400 mm
Attachment
Authorized for vehicles ≤ 6 metres long and ≤ 2 metres
wide. Unauthorized for all other motor vehicles.
Quantity
2 lights at the front, 2 at the rear, or one light on each
side
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
No special regulations for M1 and N1 vehicles. For all
other vehicle classes: min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm
(exception: 2,100 mm)
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. If only 2 lights are attached, attachment to the
vehicle sides.
Electric Circuit
The parking lights must also work without any other
lights being turned on
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If one is present, it must not be confused
with the control device for the sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by the
taillights and sidelights
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
19
Clearance Light, Rear
Max. 400 mm
As high as
possible
3
Attachment
Mandatory for vehicles > 2.1 metres wide.
Authorized for vehicles > 1.8 metres to ≤ 2.1 metres wide.
Quantity
2
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
As high as possible
Mounting Width
As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the motor-vehicle width.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 80° to the outside; vertical 5° above and 20°
below the horizontal line.
Electric Circuit
Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence
plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and
deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If one is present, it’s function must be fulfilled by
the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearance
light may be combined into one light if the attachment regulations and the viewing angle ranges are adhered to. The
distance of the clearance light to the taillight must be min.
200 mm. Each taillight and/or rear reflector can be used.
Additional reflector material is authorized.
valid for:
20
© Hella KGaA
Reflector, Rear
Max. 600 mm
Max. 400 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for all vehicle classes
Quantity
2
Colour
Red
Form
Non-triangular
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. The distance between the reflectors in M1 and in
N1 vehicles is not determined. For all other vehicles, min.
600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm for
vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ±30°
Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,
5° downwards.
Other Regulations
The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated in the combination rear light. The maximum mounting height of the reflector must be considered!
Max.
900 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
3
Retro-reflective Markings through rear retro-reflective Strips and Contour
Markings (ECE Regulation No. 104)
Attachment
Authorized for vehicle classes M2 ,M3, N1,and N2
vehicle. Unauthorized for M1 vehicles.
Attachment Scheme
Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one or
several parts.
Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mm
Minimum Length of one part: An authorization sign must
be visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter).
Colour
Red (rear)
Mounting Height
At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground
Longitudinal
Attachment
As far as possible, the attachment of the markings must
be indicated along the entire length (80%) of the vehicle.
In case of broken strips, the distance between the individual parts must be as small as possible and must not be
larger than 50% of the length of the shortest part.
Other Regulations
The distance between the retro-reflective marking material on the rear-side of the vehicle and each mandatory
brake light must be > 200 mm.
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
21
Legal Regulations for Trailers according to ECE Regulation 48
Trailer - Front
4
4
Legal Regulations for Lights
Due to the scope of legal regulations, only the most important
legal regulations are explained at this point. In the following regulations you can find all relevant information pertaining to signal
lights, their characteristics and usage.
Vehicle Class
Trailer/ Caravan classes
22
O1
Trailers up to 0.75 tons
O2
Trailers over 0.75 tons up to 3.5 tons
O3
Trailers over 3.5 tons up to 10 tons
O4
Trailers over 10 tons
■ ECE-R 3
Reflector
■ ECE-R 4
Licence plate light
■ ECE-R 6
Turn signals, front, rear and side
■ ECE-R 7
Sidelight, taillight, brake light and clearance light
■ ECE-R 23
Reverse light
■ ECE-R 38
Rear fog light
■ ECE-R 77
Parking light, front and rear
■ ECE-R 87
Daytime running lights
■ ECE-R 91
Side marker Light
■ ECE-R 104
Retro-reflective markings
■ ECE-R 48
For installation and use
© Hella KGaA
As far on the outside as possible
Clearance Light, Front
Max. 400 mm
As high as
possible
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
Attachment
Mandatory for trailers > 2.1 metres wide.
Authorized for trailers > 1.8 metres to ≤ 2.1 metres wide.
Quantity
2
Colour
White
Mounting Height
As high as possible
Mounting Width
As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 80° to the outside; vertical 5° above and 20°
below the horizontal line
Electric Circuit
Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence
plate, and side marker light can only be activated and
deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If one is present, it’s function must be fulfilled
by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearance light may be combined into one light if the attachment regulations and the viewing angle ranges are adhered to. Each sidelight and/or side reflector can be
used. Additional reflector material is authorized.
4
23
Sidelight, Front
4
Max. 1.500 mm
Min. 600 mm
Min. 350 mm
Max. 400 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for trailers > 1.6 metres wide
Authorized for trailers ≤ 1.6 metres wide
Quantity
2
Colour
White
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only
for O1 and O2 trailers, or if max. 1,500 is not possible for
other trailers)
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of vehicle width.
Min. 600 mm between both sidelights, but min. 400 mm for
vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 5° to the inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°, but
for a mounting height of < 750 mm, also 5° downwards
Electric Circuit
Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence
plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and
deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Mandatory. The warning light can flash. Not necessary if the
lighting device can only be operated simultaneously with
the sidelight.
Other Regulations
The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated
into the taillight. The mounting height of the reflector must
be considered!
valid for:
24
© Hella KGaA
Reflector, Front
Min. 600 mm
Min. 250 mm
Max. 900 mm
Max. 150 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
Attachment
Mandatory for all trailers
Quantity
2
Colour
White
Form
Non-triangular
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)
Mounting Width
Max. 150 mm, min. 600 mm distance between both
reflectors, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of
< 1,300 mm
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 10° to the inside and 30° to the outside
Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,
5° downwards
Other Regulations
The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated
into the sidelight. The mounting height of the reflector
must be considered!
4
25
Trailer, Side
5
5
Reflector, Side
Max. 3.000 mm
Max. 900 mm
valid for:
26
Max. 3.000 mm
Max.
1.000 mm
Min. 250 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for all trailers
Quantity
At least 1 in the middle third
Colour
Amber
Form
Non-triangular
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)
Mounting Width
Max. 3 metres from the front (incl. tow bar), max. 1 meter
from the rear, max. 3 metres between the individual reflectors (exception: 4 metres)
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ±45°
Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,
5° downwards
Other Regulations
The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated
into the side marker light. The maximum mounting height of
the reflector must be considered!
© Hella KGaA
Side Marker Light (SM1)
Max. 3.000 mm
Max. 1.500 mm
Max.
1.000 mm
Max. 3.000 mm
Min. 250 mm
valid for:
Attachment
Mandatory for trailers > 6 metres long
Authorized for trailers < 6 metres long
Quantity
At least one in the middle third
Colour
Amber at the front and rear (in combination with combination rear light, red is possible as well)
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm)
Longitudinal
Attachment
Max. 3 metres from the front (incl. tow bar), 1 meter rear,
max. 3 metres between the individual side marker lights
(exception: 4 metres)
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 45°
Vertical ± 10°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,
5° downwards
Electric Circuit
No regulations
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If one is present, it’s function must be fulfilled
by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated
in the side-marker. Here, the maximum mounting height
of the reflector must be considered.
5
Note:
SM1 light = light value min. 4 cd = Used in all trailer classes
Retro-reflective Markings through side retro-reflective Strips and Contour
Markings (ECE Regulation No. 104)
Attachment
Authorized for all trailers
Attachment Scheme
Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one or
several parts.
Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mm
Minimum Length of one part: An authorization sign must
be visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter)
Colour
White or Amber
Mounting Height
At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground
Longitudinal
Attachment
As far as possible, the attachment of the markings must
be indicated along the entire length (80%) of the trailer.
In case of broken strips, the distance between the individual parts must be as small as possible and must not be
larger than 50% of the length of the shortest part.
Max. 1.500 mm
Min. 250 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
27
Trailer, Rear
6
6
Reflector, Rear
Max. 400 mm
Min. 600 mm
Max.
900 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
28
Attachment
Mandatory for all trailers
Quantity
2
Colour
Red
Form
Triangular
Attachment Scheme
The triangle’s peak must be aligned upwards
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm)
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. Min. 600 mm between both reflectors, but min.
400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ±30°
Vertical ± 15°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,
5° downwards.
Other Regulations
The attachment of a combination rear light with integrated
rectangular reflector is authorized for trailers. Additional
reflector material is authorized.
© Hella KGaA
Turns Signal (Indicator Light), Rear
Attachment
Mandatory for all trailers, category 2a or 2b
Quantity
2
Colour
Amber
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm,
only if no two additional indicator lights were attached).
Mounting height of the additional indicator lights: min.
600 mm above the mandatory indicator lights.
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. This does not apply to additional signal lights. At
least 600 mm between both reflectors, but at least
400 mm if total width < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45° inside to 80° outside
Vertical ± 15° , but for a mounting height of < 750 mm
5° downwards
Electric Circuit
The light must be turned on independent of the other
lights. They are attached on the same vehicle side and
must be activated and deactivated using the same
lever/switch. They must flash synchronously.
Tell-Tale
Mandatory
Other Regulations
Attachment of 2 additional indicator lights (2a or 2b) to
all O2, O3 and O4 class trailers authorized
Min. 600 mm
Max. 400 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
6
Note:
Category 2a = one illumination intensity level; light value min. 50 cd
Category 2b = two illumination intensity levels; light value min. 175 cd in the day
and min. 40 cd at night.
© Hella KGaA
29
Taillight
6
Max. 400 mm
Attachment
Mandatory for all trailers
Quantity
2
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only if
no two additional taillights are attached). Mounting height of
the additional taillights: min. 600 mm above the mandatory
taillight.
Mounting Width
Max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle
width. Does not apply to additional taillights. Min. 600 mm
between both taillights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths
of < 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45° inside to 80° outside. Vertical ± 15°,
but for mounting heights < 750 mm, 5° downwards.
Electric Circuit
Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence
plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and
deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Mandatory. Must be combined with the control device for
the sidelights.
Other Regulations
Only if no clearance lights are attached, can two additional
sidelights and taillights be attached to all O2, O3 and O4
trailers.
Min. 600 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
30
© Hella KGaA
Brake Light
Attachment
Mandatory for all trailers, category S1 or S2
Quantity
2
Only if no category S3 brake lights are attached, can
additional category S1 or S2 brake lights be attached to
O2, O3 and O4 trailers.
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
Min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm
only if no 2 additional brake lights are attached). Mounting height of the additional brake lights: min. 600 mm
above the mandatory brake light.
Mounting Width
For all trailer classes min. 600 mm between the brake
lights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of
< 1,300 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 45°.
Vertical ± 15°, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm,
also 5° downwards
Electric Circuit
Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied
Tell-Tale
Authorized: if one is present, only as functional control
light in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminates in case of failure.
Other Regulations
The distance of the S1 and S2 brake light to the rear fog
light must be > 100 mm
Min. 600 mm
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
350 mm
valid for:
6
Note:
Category S1: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 60 cd
Category S2: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 130 cd,
at night min. 30 cd
© Hella KGaA
31
Safety brake light
Attachment
Authorized for all category S3 trailers.
Quantity
1
Only when the median longitudinal plane is not located on a
fixed body panel but separates one or two moving parts of the
vehicle (e.g. doors) and lacks sufficient space to install a single
device of the S3 category on the median longitudinal plane
above such movable parts. Two type D2 S3 brake lights or one
S3 brake light of the longitudinal centre plane can be attached.
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
Max. 850 mm above the ground, above the S1 and S2
brake lights.
Mounting Width
Reference point must be in the vehicle’s longitudinal centre
plane. If two S3 brake lights are attached, each must be
attached as close as possible to the longitudinal centre plane. If only one S3 brake light is attached next to the longitudinal centre plane, the distance must be no larger than
150 mm.
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 10°
Vertical 10° above and 5° below the horizontal line
Electric Circuit
Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied
Tell-Tale
Authorized: if one is present, only as functional control light
in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminates
in case of failure.
6
Min. 850 mm
valid for:
Note:
Category S3/Safety Brake Light
= Light values min. 25 cd/max. 80 cd
Category S3/Type D – Double Light = Light values min. 25 cd/max. 55 cd
32
© Hella KGaA
Reverse Light
Max.
1.200 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
Attachment
Mandatory for all O2, O3 and O4 trailer classes.
Authorized for O1 trailers.
Quantity
1 mandatory, a second authorized for trailers < 6 metres.
2 mandatory for trailers > 6 metres long and 2 additional
authorized in all other trailers.
Colour
White
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 1,200 mm
Mounting Width
No regulation
Geometric Viewing
Angle
1 light: Horizontal ± 45°
2 lights: Horizontal 30° inside to 45° outside
Vertical ± 15° above , to 5° below
Electric Circuit
Activated only in reverse gear. The electric circuit of the
auxiliary reverse lights must be designed, so that the
sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights
can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Authorized
Other Regulations
The attachment of auxiliary reverse lights is possible on
the vehicle’s rear or side
6
Note:
The interim regulations state that new trailer types (O2, O3 and O4) which are
newly registered from July 2006 onwards must be equipped with
1 reverse light if the trailer length is < 6000 mm and
2 reverse lights if the trailer length is > 6000 mm.
© Hella KGaA
33
Rear Fog light
6
Attachment
Mandatory for all trailers
Quantity
1 or 2
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
Min. 250 mm, max. 1,000 mm
Mounting Width
No regulation
Attachment, General
For 1 rear fog light:
Left from the middle = right-hand traffic
Right from the middle = left-hand traffic
Attachment in the middle authorized
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal ± 25°
Vertical ± 5°
Electric Circuit
Activated only when dipped beam, main beam or fog lights
are turned on
Tell-Tale
Mandatory. An independent non-flashing control light.
Other Regulations
The distance to the brake light must be > 100 mm
Max.
1.000 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
Licence plate Light
valid for:
34
Attachment
Mandatory for all trailers
Quantity
1 or more
Colour
White
Licence plate
Attachment
Middle or left side (or right side for left-hand traffic)
Electric Circuit
Must be designed so that the sidelight, taillight and side
marker light can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If a control device is present, it’s function must
be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight
and taillight.
© Hella KGaA
Clearance Light, Rear
as far outside as possible
Max. 400 mm
As high as
possible
valid for:
Attachment
Mandatory for trailers > 2.1 metres wide
Authorized for trailers > 1.8 metres to ≤ 2.1 metres wide
Quantity
2
Colour
Red
Mounting Height
As high as possible
Mounting Width
As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the
outermost point of the vehicle width
Geometric Viewing
Angle
Horizontal 80° to the outside; vertical 5° above and 20°
below the horizontal line
Electric Circuit
Must be dimensioned so that the sidelight, taillight, licence
plate, and side marker light can only be activated and
deactivated simultaneously.
Tell-Tale
Authorized. If a control device is present, it’s function
must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the
sidelight and taillight.
Other Regulations
The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearance light may be combined into one light if the attachment regulations and the viewing angle ranges are adhered to. The distance of the clearance light to the taillight must be min. 200 mm. Each taillight and/or rear
reflector can be used. Additional reflector material is
authorized.
6
Retro-reflective Markings through rear retro-reflective Strips and Contour
Markings (ECE Regulation No. 104)
Attachment
Authorized for all trailers
Attachment Scheme
Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one or
several parts.
Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mm
Minimum Length of one part: An authorization sign must
be visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter).
Colour
Red (rear)
Mounting Height
At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground
Longitudinal
Attachment
As far as possible, the attachment of the markings must
be indicated along the entire length (80%) of the vehicle.
In case of broken strips, the distance between the individual parts must be as small as possible and must not be
larger than 50% of the length of the shortest part.
Other Regulations
The distance between the retro-reflective marking material on the rear-side of the vehicle and each mandatory
brake light must be > 200 mm.
Max.
1.500 mm
Min.
250 mm
valid for:
© Hella KGaA
35
Printed in Germany
FR/10.05/2.138
9Z2 999 122-092
© Hella KGaA Hueck & Co., Lippstadt
Hella KGaA Hueck & Co.
Rixbecker Straße 75
59552 Lippstadt, Germany
Phone: +49 (0) 29 41-38-0
Fax:
+49 (0) 29 41-38-71 33
Internet: www.hella.com
Ideas today for
the cars of tomorrow