National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Commercial Crew Program Overview
Masters Forum 20
Maria Collura
April 22, 2011
Commercial Crew Program
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CCP Objective
CCP is leading NASA’s efforts to develop an American-made
commercial capability for crew transportation and rescue services
to the ISS following this year's retirement of the space shuttle fleet
– Kennedy Space Center will host the
program office dedicated to enabling
commercial human spaceflight
capabilities.
– Program Manager (PM) will
reside at KSC
– Deputy Program Manager
located at JSC
Program Mission
– Manage the investment in the
development of commercial end-toend space transportation systems
– Manage the CTS (Crew Transportation
System) certification process
– Lead the technical and programmatic
partner integration and approval
functions
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CCP Organization
Human
Exploration &
Operations
Directorate
C3PO Program
Commercial Crew Program
FAA
ISS Program
Technical
Authority
LSP Program
Systems
Systems Engineering
& Requirements
Partner Team
(Blue Origin)
Launch Vehicle
Spacecraft
Launch & Recovery Systems
Mission Planning & Integration
Partner Team
(Boeing)
Partner Integration
Partner Team
(Sierra Nevada)
Program Control &
Integration
Partner Team
(Space X)
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CCT-1100 Series Documents
ESMD-CCTSCR-12.10
Agency and HQ Level Requirements levied on the Program intended to certify a CTS to carry a NASA crewmember to LEO
CCT-PLN-1100
High Level Program Summary of roles, responsibilities, and interfaces
between CCP and partners in the development of CTS, and How NASA and
the CP will work together to achieve a Certified Human Flight Vehicle
SSP 50808
CCT-REQ-1130
Crew Transportation and Services Requirements - must meet to
transport NASA Crew to the ISS
ISS Visiting Vehicle Requirements - must comply with to
interface with the International Space Station
CCT-PLN-1120
Crew Transportation Technical Management Processes – summary of technical
management processes that support certification and expectations for evidence
of compliance
CCT-STD-1150
CCT-STD-1140
Crew Transportation Design Standard Guidelines - provides
expectations, and criteria used in evaluation of technical
standards
Crew Transportation Operations Standard Guidelines - provides
expectations for minimum criteria and practices for operations
CCT-DRM-1110
Crew Transportation System DRMs – potential reference missions for current
and evolvable systems architecture designs
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Insight/Oversight Model – Level of Involvement
NASA will perform insight/oversight on the Commercial Partner’s
design, development, and certification process to evaluate the end-toend crew transportation system
Scientific & Commercial Spacecraft--Contracted
Human
Spaceflight
Commercial
Crew
COTS &
CRS
Low In/Oversight
Launch Services
Program
Intense In/Oversight
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Commercial Crew Structure and Timelines
Title
CCDev
CCDev Round 2
Purpose
Develop and demonstrate
technologies that enable
commercial human
spaceflight capabilities.
Mature the Design and
Development of
elements of the system,
such as launch vehicles
and spacecraft.
CCDev Round 3
Design of integrated
commercial crew
systems.
CCP
Mature Development, Test
and Certification of end-toend systems.
2010
February
Awards
2011
2012
2013-2016
April
All Agreements
Complete
October
Announcement
for Proposals
April
Awards
May
Agreements
Complete
Prepared for services to
ISS by end of 2016.
Today
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Pre-Decisional – NASA Internal Use Only
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Commercial Crew Development (CCDev)
•
The NASA Recovery Act stimulus funding,
included $50M to stimulate efforts within the
private sector to develop and demonstrate
technologies that enable commercial human
spaceflight capabilities
•
On February 1, 2010 five partners were
announced and received funding:
– Blue Origin
– Boeing
– Paragon
– Sierra Nevada Corporation
– United Launch Alliance (ULA)
•
All Agreements were concluded by December
2010, with the exception of ULA and Boeing who
received no-cost extensions to April 2011
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Commercial Crew Development Round 2
CCDev2
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CCDev 2 Summary
Participant Name
Work Summary
NASA Funding
Blue Origin
Space Vehicle design to SRR, pusher escape ground and flight
testing, and engine pump and thrust chamber testing
$22,005,000
Boeing
CST-100 design maturation to PDR and launch vehicle
integration
$92,300,000
Sierra Nevada Corporation
Dream Chaser crew transportation system design maturation
to PDR and component testing
$80,000,000
Side-mount LAS engine design maturation and partner-funded
crew accommodation prototype
$75,000,000
Total Funding
$269,305,000
SpaceX
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Blue Origin
Total NASA funding
• $22M
Description & Features:
•
Flare
•
•
•
•
Bi-directional
Fins
Deep-throttling
Engines
Launch vehicles
– Atlas V
– Then on their own Reusable Booster System (RBS)
Biconic shape capsule spacecraft
• Composite structure
Landing system trade study
Pusher Escape System Testing
Fully Reusable Booster System (RBS)
• Post separation, RBS will either ballistic trajectory
downrange or restart engines to return to launch site
Comments:
•
•
Orbital
Direct docking to ISS
Vehicle Mass: 22,000 lbm
Design Reviews
Suborbital
Capacity Summary
Low Altitude
CC + PM
Goddard
Time
SV + Atlas V
SV + RBS
Subs/Suppliers:
NASA Ames Research Center
NASA Stennis Space Center
ULA
SRR
May 2012
kg/Flt
PDR
--Max Crew
---
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Aerojet
Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control HSWT
U.S. Air Force Holloman High Speed Test Track
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Boeing
Total NASA funding
• $92M
Description & Features:
Ascent Cover
Forward Heatshield
•
Forward Window
Side Hatch
Side Window
CM RCS
Thrusters (12)
LAS Roll
Thrusters
(8)
•
•
•
CM-SM
Umbilical
SM RCS
Thrusters
(28)
Orbital
Maneuvering,
Attitude Control
(OMAC)
Radiators (4) Thruster Doghouse (4)
123456-006
• Orbital
insertion
• MECO
• LV staging
• Spacecraft separation
• LV disposal
Mission
control
Pad operations
• Spacecraft arrival
at launch pad
• Hoist and mate to
launch vehicle
• Late cargo loading
• Crew ingress
• Countdown
• Launch
Comments:
MMOD/Thermal Shield
•
•
•
Direct docking to ISS
48 hours of autonomous flight operations
Vehicle Mass: 30,430 lbs
• Crew ingress
• De-orbit preps
• Un-docking
• Separation
• Rendezvous/proximity operations
• Docking
• Mated operations
• Crew Cargo transfer
Launch
Launch Abort
Engine (LAE)
Launch vehicles
– Atlas V 412, Delta IV
– Compatible with Liberty and F9
CST-100 is a reusable capsule spacecraft
Land landing on airbags
Integrated bi-propellant SM propulsion
system
De-orbit burn
Design Reviews
Orbital
operations
Spacecraft operations control
• Mission planning
• Ground processing ops control
• Crew training
• Cargo manifesting
• Integrated testing
• Launch operations
• Orbital command and control
• Landing and recovery control
• SM
separation
• SM disposal
Capacity Summary
Landing
Subs/Suppliers:
Pre-launch processing
• Cargo loading
• Final test and checkout
• Fueling
• Ordnance installation
• Encapsulation
Assembly, refurbishment and test
• Spacecraft element production
• Element test and checkout
Software Development and Integration
• Flight, Ground, Mission Ops SW Dev
• Avionics HW/SW and ISS Integration testing
• Mission / Vehicle Common Data System
Recovery
• Initial safing
• Crew egress
• Cargo removal
• Load on transporter
• Transport to manufacturing
for potential reuse
Airborne Systems
BA
ILC Dover
Spincraft
Delta SDR
May 2011
kg/Flt
PDR
April 2012
Max Crew
1,164
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United Space Alliance
United Launch Alliance
PWR
193879-011.pptx
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Sierra Nevada Corporation
Total NASA funding
• $80M
Description & Features:
•
•
Launch vehicles
– Atlas V-402
– Investigating other options (ATK Booster)
Dream Chaser is a Reusable – Piloted Lifting Body,
Derived from NASA HL-20
– Onboard hybrid propulsion & high lift provide
runway landings for nominal missions and ascent
aborts
Comments:
•
•
•
Direct docking to ISS
Vehicle Mass: 27,100 lbm
Multiple & Flexible Abort Options (no black zones)
Design Reviews
Capacity Summary
SRR
May 2011
Cargo (kg/Flt)
w/Crew
1,500
PDR
May 2012
Max Crew
2
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Subs/Suppliers:
United Launch Alliance
AEROJET
Adam Works
Boeing
MDA
NASA LaRC
United Space Alliance
Draper Laboratory
SAS
Virgin Galactic
University of Colorado
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SpaceX
Total NASA funding
• $75M
Description & Features:
•
Dragon Capsule Spacecraft
• Cargo version to evolve into crew version
• Many systems identical in both
• Integrated LAS development and crew
accommodations are the focus for CCDev2
• Water landing (helicopter recovery) for
early missions and land landing for later
missions
Comments:
DRAGON AT A GLANCE
WINDOWS
Flight-proven
and common
to cargo and
crew Dragon
•
Design Reviews
DRACO THRUSTERS
Flight-proven
and common
to cargo and
crew Dragon
GROUND LANDING
Propulsive,
precise
system part
of long-term
capability
•
INTEGRATED LAS
Offers
significant
advantages
over tower
systems
Capacity Summary
LAS PDR
Sept 2011
kg/Flt
Concept Baseline Review
May 2012
Max Crew
---
7
Subs/Suppliers:
PICA-X
SpaceX system
has large
factor of safety
for ISS reentry
Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle
• Two-stage – LOX and kerosene
Falcon 9/Dragon launches
• Successful COTS launch 12/8/10
• 11 more scheduled before crew launch
ARES Corporation
Odyssey Space Research
ATA Engineering
Wyle Laboratories
Information Systems Laboratories Inc.
Paragon SDC
ILC Dover
Oceaneering
Orbital Outfitters
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• A successful Commercial Crew Program will:
– Transform human spaceflight for future
generations
– Result in safe, reliable, cost effective crew
transportation to LEO and in support of ISS
– Free NASA’s limited resources for beyond-LEO
capabilities
– Reduce reliance on foreign systems
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