National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Commercial Crew Program Overview
Masters Forum 20
Maria Collura
April 22, 2011
Commercial Crew Program
CCP Objective
CCP is leading NASA’s efforts to develop an American-made
commercial capability for crew transportation and rescue services
to the ISS following this year's retirement of the space shuttle fleet
– Kennedy Space Center will host the
program office dedicated to enabling
commercial human spaceflight
capabilities.
– Program Manager (PM) will
reside at KSC
– Deputy Program Manager
located at JSC
Program Mission
– Manage the investment in the
development of commercial end-toend space transportation systems
– Manage the CTS (Crew Transportation
System) certification process
– Lead the technical and programmatic
partner integration and approval
functions
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CCP Organization
Human
Exploration &
Operations
Directorate
C3PO Program
Commercial Crew Program
FAA
ISS Program
Technical
Authority
LSP Program
Systems
Systems Engineering
& Requirements
Partner Team
(Blue Origin)
Launch Vehicle
Spacecraft
Launch & Recovery Systems
Mission Planning & Integration
Partner Team
(Boeing)
Partner Integration
Partner Team
(Sierra Nevada)
Program Control &
Integration
Partner Team
(Space X)
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CCT-1100 Series Documents
ESMD-CCTSCR-12.10
Agency and HQ Level Requirements levied on the Program intended to certify a CTS to carry a NASA crewmember to LEO
CCT-PLN-1100
High Level Program Summary of roles, responsibilities, and interfaces
between CCP and partners in the development of CTS, and How NASA and
the CP will work together to achieve a Certified Human Flight Vehicle
SSP 50808
CCT-REQ-1130
Crew Transportation and Services Requirements - must meet to
transport NASA Crew to the ISS
ISS Visiting Vehicle Requirements - must comply with to
interface with the International Space Station
CCT-PLN-1120
Crew Transportation Technical Management Processes – summary of technical
management processes that support certification and expectations for evidence
of compliance
CCT-STD-1150
CCT-STD-1140
Crew Transportation Design Standard Guidelines - provides
expectations, and criteria used in evaluation of technical
standards
Crew Transportation Operations Standard Guidelines - provides
expectations for minimum criteria and practices for operations
CCT-DRM-1110
Crew Transportation System DRMs – potential reference missions for current
and evolvable systems architecture designs
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Insight/Oversight Model – Level of Involvement
NASA will perform insight/oversight on the Commercial Partner’s
design, development, and certification process to evaluate the end-toend crew transportation system
Scientific & Commercial Spacecraft--Contracted
Human
Spaceflight
Commercial
Crew
COTS &
CRS
Low In/Oversight
Launch Services
Program
Intense In/Oversight
Commercial Crew Structure and Timelines
Title
CCDev
CCDev Round 2
Purpose
Develop and demonstrate
technologies that enable
commercial human
spaceflight capabilities.
Mature the Design and
Development of
elements of the system,
such as launch vehicles
and spacecraft.
CCDev Round 3
Design of integrated
commercial crew
systems.
CCP
Mature Development, Test
and Certification of end-toend systems.
2010
February
Awards
2011
2012
2013-2016
April
All Agreements
Complete
October
Announcement
for Proposals
April
Awards
May
Agreements
Complete
Prepared for services to
ISS by end of 2016.
Today
6
Pre-Decisional – NASA Internal Use Only
Commercial Crew Development (CCDev)
•
The NASA Recovery Act stimulus funding,
included $50M to stimulate efforts within the
private sector to develop and demonstrate
technologies that enable commercial human
spaceflight capabilities
•
On February 1, 2010 five partners were
announced and received funding:
– Blue Origin
– Boeing
– Paragon
– Sierra Nevada Corporation
– United Launch Alliance (ULA)
•
All Agreements were concluded by December
2010, with the exception of ULA and Boeing who
received no-cost extensions to April 2011
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Commercial Crew Development Round 2
CCDev2
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CCDev 2 Summary
Participant Name
Work Summary
NASA Funding
Blue Origin
Space Vehicle design to SRR, pusher escape ground and flight
testing, and engine pump and thrust chamber testing
$22,005,000
Boeing
CST-100 design maturation to PDR and launch vehicle
integration
$92,300,000
Sierra Nevada Corporation
Dream Chaser crew transportation system design maturation
to PDR and component testing
$80,000,000
Side-mount LAS engine design maturation and partner-funded
crew accommodation prototype
$75,000,000
Total Funding
$269,305,000
SpaceX
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Blue Origin
Total NASA funding
• $22M
Description & Features:
•
Flare
•
•
•
•
Bi-directional
Fins
Deep-throttling
Engines
Launch vehicles
– Atlas V
– Then on their own Reusable Booster System (RBS)
Biconic shape capsule spacecraft
• Composite structure
Landing system trade study
Pusher Escape System Testing
Fully Reusable Booster System (RBS)
• Post separation, RBS will either ballistic trajectory
downrange or restart engines to return to launch site
Comments:
•
•
Orbital
Direct docking to ISS
Vehicle Mass: 22,000 lbm
Design Reviews
Suborbital
Capacity Summary
Low Altitude
CC + PM
Goddard
Time
SV + Atlas V
SV + RBS
Subs/Suppliers:
NASA Ames Research Center
NASA Stennis Space Center
ULA
SRR
May 2012
kg/Flt
PDR
--Max Crew
---
7
Aerojet
Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control HSWT
U.S. Air Force Holloman High Speed Test Track
10
Boeing
Total NASA funding
• $92M
Description & Features:
Ascent Cover
Forward Heatshield
•
Forward Window
Side Hatch
Side Window
LAS Roll
Thrusters
(8)
CM RCS
Thrusters (12)
•
•
•
CM-SM
Umbilical
SM RCS
Thrusters
(28)
Orbital
Maneuvering,
Attitude Control
(OMAC)
Radiators (4) Thruster Doghouse (4)
123456-006
• Orbital
insertion
• MECO
• LV staging
• Spacecraft separation
• LV disposal
Mission
control
Pad operations
• Spacecraft arrival
at launch pad
• Hoist and mate to
launch vehicle
• Late cargo loading
• Crew ingress
• Countdown
• Launch
Comments:
MMOD/Thermal Shield
•
•
•
Direct docking to ISS
48 hours of autonomous flight operations
Vehicle Mass: 30,430 lbs
• Crew ingress
• De-orbit preps
• Un-docking
• Separation
• Rendezvous/proximity operations
• Docking
• Mated operations
• Crew Cargo transfer
Launch
Launch Abort
Engine (LAE)
Launch vehicles
– Atlas V 412, Delta IV
– Compatible with Liberty and F9
CST-100 is a reusable capsule spacecraft
Land landing on airbags
Integrated bi-propellant SM propulsion
system
De-orbit burn
Design Reviews
Orbital
operations
Spacecraft operations control
• Mission planning
• Ground processing ops control
• Crew training
• Cargo manifesting
• Integrated testing
• Launch operations
• Orbital command and control
• Landing and recovery control
• SM
separation
• SM disposal
Capacity Summary
Landing
Delta SDR
May 2011
kg/Flt
PDR
April 2012
Max Crew
1,164
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Subs/Suppliers:
Pre-launch processing
• Cargo loading
• Final test and checkout
• Fueling
• Ordnance installation
• Encapsulation
Assembly, refurbishment and test
• Spacecraft element production
• Element test and checkout
Software Development and Integration
• Flight, Ground, Mission Ops SW Dev
• Avionics HW/SW and ISS Integration testing
• Mission / Vehicle Common Data System
Recovery
• Initial safing
• Crew egress
• Cargo removal
• Load on transporter
• Transport to manufacturing
for potential reuse
Airborne Systems
BA
ILC Dover
Spincraft
United Space Alliance
United Launch Alliance
PWR
193879-011.pptx
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Sierra Nevada Corporation
Total NASA funding
• $80M
Description & Features:
•
•
Launch vehicles
– Atlas V-402
– Investigating other options (ATK Booster)
Dream Chaser is a Reusable – Piloted Lifting Body,
Derived from NASA HL-20
– Onboard hybrid propulsion & high lift provide
runway landings for nominal missions and ascent
aborts
Comments:
•
•
•
Direct docking to ISS
Vehicle Mass: 27,100 lbm
Multiple & Flexible Abort Options (no black zones)
Design Reviews
Capacity Summary
SRR
May 2011
Cargo (kg/Flt)
w/Crew
1,500
PDR
May 2012
Max Crew
2
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Subs/Suppliers:
United Launch Alliance
AEROJET
Adam Works
Boeing
MDA
NASA LaRC
United Space Alliance
Draper Laboratory
SAS
Virgin Galactic
University of Colorado
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SpaceX
Total NASA funding
• $75M
Description & Features:
•
Dragon Capsule Spacecraft
• Cargo version to evolve into crew version
• Many systems identical in both
• Integrated LAS development and crew
accommodations are the focus for CCDev2
• Water landing (helicopter recovery) for
early missions and land landing for later
missions
Comments:
DRAGON AT A GLANCE
WINDOWS
Flight-proven
and common
to cargo and
crew Dragon
•
Design Reviews
DRACO THRUSTERS
Flight-proven
and common
to cargo and
crew Dragon
GROUND LANDING
Propulsive,
precise
system part
of long-term
capability
•
INTEGRATED LAS
Offers
significant
advantages
over tower
systems
Capacity Summary
Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle
• Two-stage – LOX and kerosene
Falcon 9/Dragon launches
• Successful COTS launch 12/8/10
• 11 more scheduled before crew launch
LAS PDR
Sept 2011
kg/Flt
Concept Baseline Review
May 2012
Max Crew
---
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Subs/Suppliers:
PICA-X
SpaceX system
has large
factor of safety
for ISS reentry
ARES Corporation
Odyssey Space Research
ATA Engineering
Wyle Laboratories
Information Systems Laboratories Inc.
Paragon SDC
ILC Dover
Oceaneering
Orbital Outfitters
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• A successful Commercial Crew Program will:
– Transform human spaceflight for future
generations
– Result in safe, reliable, cost effective crew
transportation to LEO and in support of ISS
– Free NASA’s limited resources for beyond-LEO
capabilities
– Reduce reliance on foreign systems
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