An Introduction to
The IES Lighting Handbook
10th Edition
An Introduction to the New IES Lighting Handbook
by David L. DiLaura
Lighting Handbook Editors
David L. DiLaura
Principal Illuminating Engineer
Acuity Brands Lighting
Gary R. Steffy
Principal
Gary Steffy Lighting Design
(c) Kevin Beswick
Richard G. Mistrick
Associate Professor of Architectural Engineering
Pennsylvania State University
Kevin W. Houser
Associate Professor of Architectural Engineering
Pennsylvania State University
Brief History of IES Handbooks
Why a New Book?
Initial Development; Setting, Scope, and Content
Characteristics and Format of the New Handbook
Highlights of Significant Changes
A bit of Lighting Handbook History
The 1st Handbook
• Developed during 1942-1947
The 1st Handbook
• Handbook Committee as overseer
• Individual contributors
• Produced by IES editorial staff
Beginning with the 8th Handbook
• Independent contractor and editor
• Committee authorship of chapters
Changes in the Lighting Industry
• Rapid advance of solid-state lighting
• Rise of environmental influences
• Ever-diminishing power allotments for lighting
Changes affecting the IES
• Increased competition for influence and authority
• New generation of members from different backgrounds
A New Lighting Handbook: Setting the Stage
Handbook Task Force
• Members:
–Maninder Dhaliwal
–Kevin Flynn (chair)
–Stefan Graf
–Rita Harrold
–Matt Latchford
–Alan L. Lewis
–Paul Torcellini
Handbook Task Force
• Recommendations regarding content
• Recommendations regarding format
• Marketing
• Editor/Publisher
• Contractor
–David L. DiLaura, LC, FIES, AAAS, DSc(Hon)
• Subcontractors
–Gary R. Steffy, LC, FIALD, AIAMI(Hon)
–Richard G. Mistrick, PhD, FIES, PE
–Kevin W. Houser, PhD, PE, LC, LEED
Defining the New Lighting Handbook
Goals
• Direct IES knowledge outward
• Influence architectural lighting as it is practiced
• Make specific recommendations
Audience
• IES members
• Broad range of lighting practitioners
• Architects, Planners, Designers, Engineers, Distributors,
Contractors
Technology Content Update
• Solid-State lighting
• Visual performance and mesopic adaptation
• Lighting Controls
Form and Format
• Sustainable and revisable
• References and active interlinks
• Deliverable in several different media
Learning from the Past, Adjusting to the Present, and Predicting
the Future: the Form and Content of the New Lighting Handbook
Fundamentals Section with a Tight Focus
Lighting Design Issues Gathered into a Single Section
Highlighted Presence of Daylighting and Sustainability
New Illuminance Recommendations
Redefined Purpose and Intent of Application Chapters
Content of the New Lighting Handbook
Three Sections:
Framework
• Background to lighting
• Supporting information
Design
• Principles of Lighting Design
• Components of Lighting Design
• An Approach to Lighting Design
Applications
Framework
• Physics and Optics of Radiant Power
• Vision: Eye and Brain
• Photobiology and Nonvisual Effects of Optical Radiation
• Perceptions and Performance P
• Concepts and Language of Lighting
• Color
P
P
• Light Source: Technical Characteristics
• Luminaires: Forms and Optics
• Measure of Light: Photometry
• Calculation of Light and its Effect
P
Design
• Lighting Design in the Building Design Process
• Components of Lighting Design
P
• Light Sources: Application Considerations
• Designing Daylighting
P
• Designing Electric Lighting
• Lighting Controls
P
• Energy Management
• Economics
• Sustainability
P
• Contract Documents
P
P
P
P
Applications
P
• Lighting for Art
• Lighting for Common Applications
• Lighting for Courts and Correctional Facilities
• Lighting for Education
• Lighting for Emergency, Safety, and Security
• Lighting for Exteriors
• Lighting for Health Care
• Lighting for Hospitality and Entertainment
• Lighting for Libraries
• Lighting for Manufacturing
Applications P
• Lighting for Miscellaneous Applications
• Lighting for Offices
• Lighting for Residences
• Lighting for Retail
• Lighting for Sports and Recreation
• Lighting for Transport
• Lighting for Worship
Generating the Content
Editors Were Responsible for all Text
Topic and Sentence Outlines
• Four editors generated topic outlines for all chapters
Topic Outline Approval
• 30 External experts
• Revision and rewriting outlines
• Handbook Task Force review
• Board of Directors and TRC reviewed and approved
Chapter Production
• One of 4 editors assigned as lead author
• Full access to all comments and record of changes
Writing the Chapters
• Text drafting by lead author
• 4 Editors’ internal review, and subsequent rewriting
• External experts’ review, and subsequent rewriting
• Final review and rewrite by lead author
• IES Board of Directors and TRC review and approval
Development of Graphics
Formatting Changes and New Features
Formatting
• Printed Version
–Full color throughout
–1270 pages
• PDF Version
–Fully searchable
–12,000+ hyperlinks
–96 Mbytes
Local Table of Contents
Section Numbering
Definitions, Details
Quick Locator Tabs
Resource Pointers
Help
Custom Graphics to
Clarify and Abbreviate
the Text
Help
Custom Graphics to
Clarify and Abbreviate
the Text
Custom Graphics to
Clarify and Abbreviate
the Text
Custom Graphics to
Clarify and Abbreviate
the Text
Framework
Design
Principles and Examples of Design Well Illustrated with
Tables and Photographs
Hundreds of Color
Photographs Demonstrate
Design Principles and Show
Examples of Lighting
Applications. All Linked to
Explanatory Text and
Tables.
Applications
Significant Changes in the Content of the New Lighting Handbook
Light Source Information: Data and Application
Daylighting
Tightly-Focused Application Chapters
New Illuminance Determination Procedure
Significant Changes in the Content of the New Lighting Handbook
Light Source Information: Data and Application
Daylighting
Tightly-Focused Application Chapters
New Illuminance Determination Procedure
Two Chapters Devoted to Sources
• Light Sources: Technical Characteristics
• Electric Light Sources: Application Considerations
Revision of Light Sources Technical Information
• Characteristics of
–Sunlight and Skylight
–Filament lamps
–Fluorescent lamps
–HID
–Sold-State Sources
Revision of Light Sources Technical Information
• In each case:
–Principles of operation
–Construction
–Spectrum
–Operating characteristics
–Nomenclature
Source Application Considerations and Guidance
• Efficacy, Life, and Lumen Maintenance
• Auxiliary Equipment
• Starting, Restriking, and Dimming
• Color
• Geometry, Distribution
• Sustainability, Legislation, Standards, Cost of Light
Significant Changes in the Content of the New Lighting Handbook
Light Source Information, Data, and Application
Daylighting
Tightly-Focused Application Chapters
New Illuminance Determination Procedure
Extensive Material on Daylighting
• Daylighting design process
• Programming
• Daylighting design parameters and tools
–Building orientation
–Glazing materials
–Daylight delivery systems
–Shading devices
• Daylight assessments
Principles and Methods Show with Detailed Examples
Significant Changes in the Content of the New Lighting Handbook
Light Source Information, Data, and Application
Daylighting
Tightly-Focused Application Chapters
New Illuminance Determination Procedure
Separated from Committee Recommended Practice (RPs)
• Limited Scope
• Reference to applicable general principles in design
chapters
• Analytic Recommendations
–Illuminances
–Luminances
–Ratios and Uniformities
–Maxima and Minima
–Veiling Reflections
–Daylighting Opportunities
Every Application
Chapter Has a Table of
Contents, An
Introduction to put the
Application in Context,
and References to
Material Common to all
Applications.
Every Application
Chapter Begins with a
Checklist of Design
Issues, Keyed to
Relevant Sections of the
Handbook
Significant Changes in the Content of the New Lighting Handbook
Light Source Information, Data, and Application
Daylighting
Tightly-Focused Application Chapters
New Illuminance Determination Procedure
New Illuminance Determination Procedure
• Need
–Properly manage ever diminishing power allotments
–Augment existing recommendations with more modes
• Uniformities
• Ratios
• Maxima and Minima
–Assert and maintain authority over recommendations
New Illuminance Determination Procedure
• Required Characteristics
–Fine granularity of ranges or steps
–Account for
• Task difficulty and importance
• Age of observer
• Environment
• Mesopic Adaptation
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Ranges
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Ranges
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Ranges
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Age
Retina
Pupil
Lens
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Age
2.35
Decrease
in Pupil
Area
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Age
2.15
Loss
in
Light
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Age
2.35 Decrease
in Pupil Area
2.15 Loss in
5 times Less Light
x Light
= On the Retina
Transmittance
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Age
Conventional or legacy
recommendations are for
middle-age observers.
Old observers require twice
the illuminance
Young observers require
one-half the illuminance
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Environment
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Environment
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Environment
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Environment
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Environment
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Development
Legacy Recommendations
• Old tasks, previous two handbooks, existing RPs
New Recommendations
• New tasks
• New environmental constraints
–Light trespass
–Dark sky
–Lighting Zones
–Activity levels
Final Application Committee Approval
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Specification
Specific Recommendations
• Horizontal illuminance
• Vertical illuminance
• Illuminance location
• Uniformity ratios
• Maxima and Minima
• Recommendations as to “Gauge” (Max, Min, Ave)
• Flags for daylighting opportunities
• Flags to indicate where the designer should establish
coverage
• Cautions for veiling reflections
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Specification
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Specification
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
• Research in Visual Performance at Mesopic Adaptation
under illuminances of different spectra
–Realistic and simulated tasks
–Reaction time measurements
–Mesopic adaptation states
–Various spectra
• Photometry Based on Intermediate (mesopic) v( )
Functions Predicts Reaction Times
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
Scotopic Adaptation
Luminance < 0.001 cd/m2
Mesopic Adaptations
0.001 cd/m2 < Luminance < 10 cd/m2
Photopic Adaptation
Luminance > 10 cd/m2
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
• Adaptation State
–Expressed as a Photopic Luminance
• Spectrum
–Expressed as a Ratio of Scotopic to Photopic Lumens
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
• The New Handbook recommends the Average Photopic
Luminance in the Field of View be used to Determine the
State of Adaptation
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
• The New Handbook recommends that the Spectrum be
specified by its S/P
• S/P: Ratio of Scotopic to Photopic Lumens
–A single number that indicates the relative amount of
short wavelength optical radiation in a spectrum S( )
Scotopic Lumens
–S/P =
=
Photopic Lumens
1700  S( ) v’()d
683  S( ) v()d
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
• The New Handbook recommends the use of Mesopic
Multipliers to Scale Photopic Recommended Illuminances
–Multipliers depend on adaptation state
–Multipliers depend on spectrum, as expressed by S/P
–Multipliers provide the transformation (scaling) from
mesopic to photopic photometry
–All analyses uses only photopic photometry
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
Luminance (0.03)
Source S/P (1.81)
Recommendation
multiplier (0.70)
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
• Mesopic Multipliers can be used to:
–Determine how the State of Adaptation and
–The Spectrum of the Proposed Lighting System
–Modify a Photopic Recommended Illuminance
• Mesopic Multipliers should NOT be used to modify
Photopic Recommended Illuminances in Applications
where Vehicular Traffic Moves at Speeds > 40 kph (25
mph)
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
Determining a Mesopic Multiplier Requires Estimating the
Adaptation Luminance
The Average Luminance in the Field of View can be Used as
the Adaptation Luminance.
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
Recall that if a surface is diffusely reflective with a
reflectance of ρ and enjoys an average illuminance of E,
then its average luminance L is:

LE

If the illuminance is in lux, the luminance will be
candela/m2
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
If Other Information is not Available, it is Reasonable to
Assume that:
–The photopic illuminance recommendation, Erec, will
be produced by a proposed lighting system
–Thus, the average surface illuminance will be the
recommended photopic illuminance, Erec
–The average surface luminance will be
L  Erec


New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
•The Adaptation Luminance Depends on How Much of the
Field of View the Surface Fills
–A parking garage floor that fills ½ the field of view
–The other ½ of the field is assumed to be the dark sky
with a luminance of essentially zero
–This would produce an adaptation luminance, La, of
1
1

La  L  Erec
2
2

New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
•For Multiple Surfaces, the Average Luminance Depends
on the Luminance and Apparent Size of Each
–The full field of view is 5 steradians in solid angle
–If, for example, there are 3 surfaces with luminances
L1, L2, and L3, and
– 1 , 2 , 3 are the solid angles subtended to the
observer by the surfaces,
–then the adaptation luminance, La, is
L1 1  L2  2  L3 3
La 
5
New Illuminance Determination Procedure: Adaptation
•Most of us will probably let Lighting Calculation Software
make these calculations for us
Summary
New, 10th Edition of the IES Lighting Handbook
–Designed and Produced for the Widest Possible
Audience
–Printed and PDF Formats
–New, Focused Application Chapters
–Flexible, Sustainable, Illuminance Recommendations
–Extensive Daylighting, Sustainability, and Lighting
Control Information
–Updated Electric Light Source Information
–The Most Useful and Authoritative Lighting Reference
Editors:
Technical
Direction:
Special
Publisher:
Thanks
To:
David
Lof
DiLaura
Rita
Harrold
IESWilliam
Board
Hanley
Directors
Kevin W
Houser
Technical
Review
Council
Richard Committees
G Mistrick
Application
IES Lighting Handbook
Gary R Steffy
10th Edition
http://www.ies.org/handbook
http://www.ies.org/handbook