Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Norwegian Institute of Technology
Trondheim, Norway
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore

PART 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 Power Electronic Systems
1 -1 Introduction
1-2 Scope and Applications of Power Electronics
1-3 Classification of Power Electronic Converters
1 -4 About the Text
Chapter 2 Overview of Power Semiconductor Switches
2-1 Introduction
2-2 Diodes
2-3 Thyristors
2-4 Desired Characteristics in Controllable Switches
2-5 Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Monolithic Darlingtons (MDs)
2-6 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs)
2- 7 Gate-Turn-Off Thyristors (GTOs)
2-8 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)
2-9 Comparison of Controllable Switches
2-10 Drive and Snubber Circuits
2-11 Justification for Using Idealized Device Characteristics
2-12 Summary
2-13 References
17
19
19
20
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21
22
7
8
9
11
15
16
XI

X l l CONTENTS
PART 2 GENERIC POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS
Chapter 3 Line-Frequency Diode Rectifiers: 60 Hz ac -> Uncontrolled de
3-1 Introduction
3-2 Basic Rectifier Concepts
3-3 Single-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifiers
3-4 Voltage Doubler (Single-Phase) Rectifiers
3-5 Three-Phase Full-Bridge Rectifiers
3-6 Comparison of Single-Phase and Three-Phase Rectifiers
3-7 Inrush Current and Overvoltages at T u r n - O n
3-8 Concerns and Remedies for Input-Current Harmonics a n d Poor Power Factor
3-9 S u m m a r y
3-10 References
25
26
27
33
33
38
38
39
39
40
Chapter 4 Line-Frequency Phase-Controlied Rectifiers and Inverters:
60 Hz ac «• Controlled de
4-1 Introduction
4-2 Control of Line-Frequency Controlled Rectifiers a n d Inverters
4-3 Three-Phase Converter Analysis with L s
= 0
4-4 Effect of AC-Side Inductance L s
4-5 Effect of Discontinuous Current
4-6 Inverter Operation
4-7 AC-Side Waveforms
4-8 O t h e r Three-Phase Converters
4-9 Summary
4-10 References
Chapter 5 DC-to-DC Switch-Mode Converters
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
Introduction
Control of dc-dc Converters
Step-Down (Bück) Converter
Step-Up (Boost) Converter
Buck-Boost Converter
Cük dc-dc Converter
Full-Bridge dc-dc Converter
D C - D C Converter Comparison
Summary
References
6-1 Introduction
6-2 Basic Concepts of Switch-Mode Inverters
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66
75
81
87
91
98
100
101
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42
45
47
51
51
55
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62
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CONTENTS
6-3 Single-Phase Inverters
6-4 Three-Phase Inverters
6-5 Effect of Blanking Time on O u t p u t Voltage in P W M Inverters
6-6 Other Inverter Switching Schemes
6-7 Rectifier Mode of Operation
6-8 Summary
6-9 References
Chapter 7 Resonant Converters: Zero-Voltage a n d / o r Zero-Current Switchings
7-1 Introduction
7-2 Classification of Resonant Converters
7-3 Basic Resonant Circuit Concepts
7-4 Load-Resonant Converters
7-5 Resonant-Switch Converters
7-6 Zero-Voltage-Switching, Clamped-Voltage (ZVS-CV) Topologies
7-7 Resonant DC-Link Inverters with Zero-Voltage Switchings
7-8 High Frequency Link Integral-Half-Cycle Converters
7-9 Summary
7-10 References
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158
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186
193
195
197
200
Xlll
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129
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148
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152
PART 3 POWER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS
Chapter 8 Switching DC Power Supplies
8-1 Introduction
8-2 Linear Power Supplies
8-3 Overview of Switching Power Supplies
8-4 D C - D C Converters with Electrical Isolation
8-5 Control of Switch-Mode D C Power Supplies
8-6 Power Supply Protection
8-7 Electrical Isolation in the Feedback Loop
8-8 Designing to Meet the Power Supply Specifications
8-9 S u m m a r y
8-10 References
Chapter 9 Power Conditioners and Uninterruptible Power Supplies
9-1 Introduction
9-2 Power Line Disturbances
9-3 Power Conditioners
9-4 Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
9-5 Summary
9-6 References
207
207
209
211
229
249
252
255
257
260
262
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272

XIV CONTENTS
PART 4 MOTOR DRIVE APPLICATIONS
Chapter 10 Introduction to Motor Drives
10-1 Introduction
10-2 Criteria for Selecting Drive Components
10-3 Summary
10-4 References
275
277
284
285
Chapter 11 DC-Motor Drives
11-1 Introduction
11-2 Equivalent Circuit of D C Motors
11-3 Permanent-Magnet D C Motors
11 -4 D C Motors with a Separately Excited Field Winding
11-5 Effect of Armature Current Wavef orm
11-6 D C Servo Drives
11-7 Adjustable-Speed D C Drives
11-8 Summary
11-9 References
Chapter 12 Induction Motor Drives
12-1 Introduction
12-2 Basic Principles of Induction Motor Operation
12-3 Induction Motor Characteristics at Rated (Line) Frequency and Rated Voltage
12-4 Speed Control By Varying Stator Frequency and Voltage
12-5 I m p a c t of Nonsinusoidal Excitation on Induction Motors
12-6 Variable-Frequency Converter Classifications
12-7 Variable-Frequency P W M - V S I Drives
12-8 Variable-Frequency Square-Wave-VSI Drives
12-9 Variable-Frequency Current-Source Inverter (CSI) Drives
12-10 Comparison of Variable Frequency Drives
12-11 Line-Frequency Variable-Voltage Drives
12-12 Reduced Voltage Starting ("Soft Start") of Induction Motors
12-13 Speed Control by Static Slip-Power Recovery
12-14 S u m m a r y
12-15 References
286
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290
292
292
301
306
308
309
310
315
317
326
329
330
336
338
339
339
342
342
343
346
Chapter 13 Synchronous-Motor Drives
13-1 Introduction
13-2 Basic Principles of Synchronous Motor Operation
13-3 Synchronous Servomotor Drives with Sinusoidal Waveforms
13-4 Synchronous Motor Drives with Trapezoidal Waveforms
347
347
351
353

CONTENTS
13-5 Load-Commutated-Inverter (LCI) Drives
13-6 Cycloconverters
13-7 Summary
13-8 References
Chapter 14 Step-Motor Drives
14-1 Introduction
14-2 Variable-Reluctance Step Motors
14-3 Permanent-Magnet Step-Motors
14-4 Hybrid Step-Motors
14-5 Modes of Excitation in Step-Motors
14-6 Drive Circuits for Step-Motors
14-7 Open-Loop Operation of Step-Motors
14-8 Closed-Loop Control of Step-Motors
14-9 Switched-Reluctance Motor Drives
14-10 Summary
14-11 References
XV
354
358
358
359
PART 5 OTHER APPLICATIONS
Chapter 15 Residential and Industrial Applications
15-1 Introduction
15-2 Residential Applications
15-3 Industrial Applications
15-4 S u m m a r y
15-5 References
377
377
381
385
385
Chapter 16 Electric Utility Applications
16-1 Introduction
16-2 High-Voltage D C ( H V D C ) Transmission
16-3 Static V a r Control (SVC)
16-4 Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage
16-5 S u m m a r y
16-6 References
Chapter 17 Optimizing the Utility Interface with Power Electronic System
17-1 Introduction
17-2 Generation of Current Harmonics
17-3 Current Harmonics and Power Factor
17-4 H a r m o n i e Standards and Recommend Practices
409
410
411
411
386
386
397
402
406
407
361
361
363
364
366
370
372
373
373
373
374

CONTENTS
17-5
17-6
Need for Improved Utility Interface
Improved Single-Phase Utility Interface
17-7
17-8
17-9
Improved Three-Phase Utility Interface
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
S u m m a r y
17-10 References
414
414
425
427
429
430
18-1 Introduction
18-2 Conduction Processes in Semiconductors
18-3 P N J u n c t i o n s
18-4 Charge Control Description of PN Junction Operation
18-5 I m p a c t Ionization
18-6 S u m m a r y
18-7 References
435
436
442
446
448
449
450
19-1 Introduction
19-2 Basic Structure and I-V Characteristics
19-3 Breakdown Voltage Considerations
19-4 On-State Losses
19-5 Switching Characteristics
19-6 Schottky Diodes
19-7 Diode Snubbers
19-8 Summary
19-9 References
20-1 Introduction
20-2 Vertical Power Transistor Structures
20-3 I-V Characteristics
20-4 Physics of B J T Operation
20-5 Switching Characteristics
20-6 Breakdown Voltages
20-7 Second Breakdown
20-8 On-State Losses
20-9 Safe Operating Areas
20-10 Design of Drive Circuits for BJTs
20-11 Snubber Circuits for BJTs and Darlingtons
20-12 Summary
20-13 References
451
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453
459
462
467
470
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479
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534

CONTENTS
Chapter 21 Power MOSFETs
21-1
21-2
21-3
21-4
21-5
21-6
21-7
21-8
Introduction
Basic Structure
I-V Characteristics
Physics of Device Operation
Switching Characteristics
Operating Limitations and Safe Operating Areas
Design of Gate Drive Circuits
Snubber Circuits
21-9
21-10
Summary
References
Chapter 22 Thyristors
22-1
22-2
22-3
22-4
22-5
22-6
22-7
22-8
22-9
Introduction
Basic Structure
I-V Characteristics
Physics of Device Operation
Switching Characteristics
Methods of Improving dl/dt and dV /dt Ratings
Thyristor Gating Circuits
Snubber Circuits for Thyristors
Summary
22-10 References
Chapter 23 Gate Turn-Off Thyristors
23-1 Introduction
23-2 Basic Structure and I-V Characteristics
23-3 Physics of Turn-Off Operation
23-4 GTO Switching Characteristics
23-5 Snubber Circuits
23-6 Overcurrent Protection of GTOs
23-7 Summary
23-8 References
Chapter 24 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
24-1
24-2
24-3
24-4
24-5
Introduction
Basic Structure
I-V Characteristics
Physics of Device Operation
L a t c h u p in IGBTs
24-6
24-7
Switching Characteristics
Device Limits and Safe Operating Areas
24-8
24-9
24-10
Drive and Snubber Circuits
Summary
References
593
593
595
597
603
604
605
606
568
568
570
571
575
581
583
587
590
592
607
607
610
610
613
615
618
619
620
621
XV11
535
535
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540
545
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565
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567

XV111 CONTENTS
Chapter 25 Emerging Devices and Circuits
25-1
25-2
25-3
25-4
25-5
25-6
25-7
25-8
25-9
Introduction
Power Junction Field Effect Transistors
Field-Controlled Thyristor
JFET-Based Devices Versus Other Power Devices
MOS-Controlled Thyristors
High Voltage Integrated Circuits
New Semiconductor Materials
Summary
References
622
622
627
630
630
632
636
637
638
26-1
26-2
26-3
26-4
Introduction
Design of Inductors
Transformer Design
Selection of Capacitors
26-5
26-6
26-7
Resistors
Current Measurements
Heat sinking
26-8
26-9
Circuit Layout
Summary
26-10 References
639
639
646
650
651
651
653
654
655
656
657