DIATI
Department of Environment, Land and
Infrastructure Engineering
Hydro-geomorphometric study of a mountain basin
in the north-west of Italy.
An analysis through Terrestrial Laser Scanner,
Drones and GIS techniques for the water resources
management and the natural hazard prevention
Eng. Muriel Lavy
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Index
Who we are and what we do
Where we work
What instruments are available
STUDY: terrain surface + water + snow + glacier
Conclusion & AKNOWLEDGMENT
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Research areas
Civil and
Environmental
Industrial
Engineering
To meet the real needs
of the stakeholders
Engineering
Architecture
Industrial
Design
Management
and
Mathematics
for
Engineering
Information
Technologies
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Departments
Civil and
Environmental
Engineering
Architecture
Industrial
Design
DIATI
Environment, Land
and Infrastructure
Engineering
DISEG
Structural,
Geotechnical and
Building
Engineering
DIST
DAD
Architecture
and Design
Department of Regional
and Urban Studies and
Planning
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Study the technologies which deal with safeguarding,
protecting and managing the environment and land, the
sustainable use of resources, as well as the optimal and ecocompatible development of infrastructures and transport
systems.
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Eng. Enrico Suozzi, PhD
Prof. Geol. Marina De Maio
Eng. Gianpiero Amanzio, PhD
Eng. Stefano Crepaldi, PhD
Geol. Raffaella Ghione
Eng. Muriel Lavy
Eng. Federico Marchionatti, PhD
Eng. Nicole Nota
Eng. Ye Zhao, PhD
DIATI
Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure
Engineering
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Eng. Enrico Suozzi, Ph.D.
Arch. Emilio Misuriello
Prof. Geol. Marina De Maio
CEO
Commercial
More than 20 years experience
in the field of information
systems planning.
Scientific Supervisor
Associate Professor
Applied Geology
Mobile Mapping
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Environmental engineering
Applied geology & Hydrogeology
Geospatial analysis & GIS
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Water Resources
Climate Change
Hydrogeological-Hydraulic Risk
Mountain
environment
Glacial Evolution
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Where
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Mascognaz Valley
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 10 km2
 1830 m  3030 m asl
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Natural resources
 Climate change
 Groundwater & surface water
 Snow melting recharge
Environmental Hazard
¤
¤
¤
¤
Snow avalanche
Landslide
Glacial fall
Hydraulic instability
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How to access?
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Multi-parametric Probes
GPS
Terrestrial Laser Scanner
what we
have
Experimental
Meteorological Station
Drone
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sensors
Pluvio2
Parsivel
Snow Scale
Enhanced precipitation identifier
CWS (All in one)
Snow Pack Analyzer
Thermometer
Snow Depth
Hygrometer
Gonio-Anemometer
Thermometer
Hygrometer
Barometer
Buried Rain Gauge
Albedometer
Measure global and reflected
solar irradiance
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Snow Scale
Buried
Rain
Gauge
Snow
Depth
USH8
Snow
Pack
Analyzer
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 Water Level
 Temperature
 Electrical
conductivity
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What is a Laser Scanner?
Instrument able to acquire the spatial
coordinates of a given region or surface of
an object in an automatic way, systematic
and with a high speed.
How does it work?
It is based on time-of-flight distance
measurement using an infrared laser.
The laser beam is deflected by a mechanism of
rotating mirrors and oscillating, varying the
azimuth angle and zenith angle in discrete steps,
illuminating the ground of contiguous points.
The system is capable of measuring even
thousands of points per second.
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Main Features
 Eye safe operation in laser: Class 1
RIEGL VZ-4000
 Long range: up to 4000 m
 High speed data acquisition up to 222,000
means./sec
 Multiple Target capability - Unlimited number of
targets
 Built-in calibrated digital camera
 high accuracy, high precision ranging based on echo
digitization and online waveform processing
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Leica Viva GS10 and GS25
GNSS technology
Performance
RTK data-processing
Accuracy
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When Can You Use Them?
10 Mil
Object/Scene Complexity
[points/object]
1 Mil
100.000
10.000
Close-range
photogrammetry
and terrestrial laser
scanners
UAV
Aerial
photogrammetry
and LIDAR
Satellite Remote
Sensing
1.000
Total Stations
100
10
Hand
measurements
GNSS
Boehler 2001
1
0,1 m
1m
10 m
100 m 1 km
10 km 100 km 1000 km
Object/Scene Size
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 Multirotor quadcopter
 Ready to Fly Design
 Flight time:10 to 15 min
Sony NEX-7
 Camera mount
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 Fixed wings
 Ready to Fly Design
 Flight time: 50 min
 Camera mount
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The Study…
Terrain Surface
Water
Snow
Glacier
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Hydro-GeoMorphometric Study
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GIS Spatial Analysis
1. Morphometric Analysis
2. Hydrologic Analysis
3. Hydrographic Analysis
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Digital Terrain Model
2m x 2m
Analysis
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1. MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS
 Hillshade
 Determination of altitude and slope (min, med and max)
 Determination of aspect
 Evaluation of planimetric and effective surface
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2. HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS
 Removal of local pit and peak (fill)
 Flow Direction
 Flow Accumulation and Drainage Area
Flow Direction
(ArcGIS)
Quinn et al.
(1991)
Tarboton
(1997)
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3. HYDROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
 Stream network extraction (threshold)
 Stream ordering
 Hypsometric curve construction
 Watershed delineation
 Number of sections, length, and height difference of stream network
Scheidegger (1987)
Strahler
(1957)
Shreve
(1966)
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Streams
Drainage Areas
Hydrography
Channels
Terrain Surfaces
Rainfall Response
Digital Orthophotos
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Geomorphometric
Parameters
ROUGHNESS
CURVATURE
OPENNESS
MAX
Yokoyama et al.
(2002)
min
Tarolli, Sofia, Dalla Fontana
(2010)
Glenn et al.
(2006)
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MODEL
DEVELOPMENT
Geoprocessing
tools
model
builder
 detection of hydraulic
instability phenomena
 Evaluation of area and volumes of deposit and
erosion (Cut/Fill)
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Water Study
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26 meteorological
stations collecting
temperature, rainfall
and snowfall data
Linear Trend of
Precipitation and
Temperature related
to Elevation
P  aH b
T  c  H  d
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P = Etr + I + R
Etr 
P
P
0,9   2
L
2



;
L  300  25Tc  0,05Tc ;
3
Q  P  Etr ;
•
•
•
•
•
Etr = Evapotranspiration (Turc)
Q = Rainfall
χ = Infiltration Coefficient
I = Infiltration
R = Runoff
I  Q  ;
R  Q  I;
MODEL
DEVELOPMENT
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The valley is at the contact of two basic structural Units
BED-ROCK
Piedmont Zone:
Greenstones
Calcschists
Sesia Lanzo Zone:
Gneiss
QUATERNARY MATERIAL
Scale 1:10000
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T [°C]
P [mm]
I [mm]
χ [mm]
Etr [mm]
R [mm]
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Springs Hydrograph
Ratein = Rateout
INFILTRATIONin = SPRINGsdischarge
SPRINGS BEHAVIOR
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SPRINGS BEHAVIOR
Replacement
Low flow development
Piston
Moderate flow development
Homogenization
/
High flow development
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Spring 1
Delay time
Safe protection Zone
Spring 2
Improve the water
MANAGEMENT 46
Snow study
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Snow pack section + stratigraphy
 Snow density  SWE
 Snow pack stability
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Video time…
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DSM (0.25 m x 0.25 m)
 partly filtered
Snow DEM (0.25 m x 0.25 m)
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Ground Control Points:
 Snow height
 Accuracy ≈ 1 – 1.5 cm
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0.125 m x 0.125 m
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+ Density
+ Aspect + Hillshade
+ Slope + Curvature
=
=
=
Snow Water Equivalent
Snowmelt Process
Snow Avalanche
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WSL Institute for Snow and
Avalanche Research SLF
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,
Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Rapid Mass Movement Simulation
AVALANCHE Module
Voellmy Friction model (1955)
• Elevation
• Slope
• Curvature
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RAMMS Avalanche Simulation
Animated GIF
Two-dimensional dynamics modeling of rapid mass movements in 3D alpine terrain
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Glacial Study
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Hanging seracs ice-falls
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August 2014
September 2014
September 2014
October 2014
≈ 55.000 m3
≈ 40-45.000 m3
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Contact lake growth at the
Lys Glacier tongue…
Ice fall
flooding risk
Glacial lake outburst flood
GLOF
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?
Concern :
can this lake generate an
outburst flood and endanger
inhabited areas downstream?
 What water volume is accumulate?
 What volume could be released?
 Is a “dam break” outburst possible?
rapid glaciers evolution due to climate warming
Novemebr 2012
July
66 2013
TLS survey
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TLS survey: DSM 0.1 m x 0.1 m
Long Section
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Conclusion
Terrain analysis  environmental phenomena & natural instability
GIS techniques  spatialize data
TLS and Drone  integrated and fast
High resolute models  evaluation of natural dynamic phenomena
Photogrammetric models  volume evaluation and mass balance
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DIATI
Department of Environment, Land
and Infrastructure Engineering
70
DIATI
Department of Environment, Land and
Infrastructure Engineering
Eng. Muriel Lavy
muriel.lavy@polito.it
Prof. Marina De Maio
marina.demaio@polito.it
Politecnico di Torino
Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24
10129 Torino
Italy
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