Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2
Chapter
Traffic
Instruction
Signs Signs
Chapter13:
13:
Traffic
Instruction
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
1
13
Heading 1
Amendment Record
Ed/Rev No
Page(s)
Issue Date
Amendment Description
Ed 1
All
July 1986
Original Manual
Ed 2
All
December 2001
New Edition
Ed 2 Rev 1
21, 23, 27, 29,
36
July 2004
Change reference from Traffic & Road Use
Management to Traffic & Transportation
Integration
Ed 2 Rev 2
18
May 2007
Replaced sign G9-V130 with sign G9-V169
19
Ed 2 Rev 3
Amendment to Figure 13.6
7
December 2007
Minor text amendments
8
Minor amendments in table
22
Minor text amendments
25
Minor amendments and addition of R3-V01 sign
28
Minor amendments
34
Amendments to text and sign
3
Amendments to sign and numbers
Ed 3
All
November 2010
New Edition
Ed 3 Rev 1
37, 38
November 2012
Added Section 13.5.5 – Use of Bicycle Direction
Signs
Ed 4
Various Pages
July 2014
Minor Amendments
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
2
Contents
13.1
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 5
13.1.1
General ............................................................................................................. 5
13.1.2
Colour and Reflectorisation ............................................................................... 5
13.1.3
Selection of Sign Size ....................................................................................... 5
13.2
Signs for Motor Vehicles ................................................................................ 6
13.2.1
Lane Reductions ............................................................................................... 6
13.2.2
Overtaking Lane Signs .................................................................................... 12
13.2.3
Climbing Lane Signs ....................................................................................... 14
13.2.4
Slow Vehicle Turnouts..................................................................................... 16
13.2.5
Reduce Speed................................................................................................. 18
13.2.6
Service Road Entry Signs ............................................................................... 18
13.2.7
No Right (Left) Turn at… ................................................................................. 19
13.2.8
Reversible Lane Sign ...................................................................................... 19
13.2.9
U Turn Must Give Way .................................................................................... 20
13.2.10
Transit Lane Signs .......................................................................................... 20
13.2.11
Keep Tracks Clear........................................................................................... 21
13.2.12
Give Way to Bicycles....................................................................................... 21
13.2.13
When Flashing Give Way to Pedestrians ........................................................ 21
13.2.14
Give Way to Pedestrians ................................................................................. 22
13.2.15
Turn Left at Any Time With Care ..................................................................... 22
13.2.16
Watch for Bicycles ........................................................................................... 23
13.2.17
Sections of Road Subject to Ice Snow ............................................................ 23
13.2.18
Snow Pole Signs ............................................................................................. 24
13.2.19
Winding Road Ends x km ................................................................................ 24
13.2.20
Road Closed, No Through Road ..................................................................... 25
13.2.21
Road Subject to Flooding & Flood Depth Indicators ........................................ 25
13.2.22
Railway Crossing Signs ................................................................................... 26
13.2.23
Local Traffic Only ............................................................................................ 26
13.3
Signs for Trucks ............................................................................................ 27
13.3.1
Signs for Steep Descents ................................................................................ 27
13.3.2
Bridge Clearance and Load Limit Signs .......................................................... 27
13.3.3
Bridge Speed Limit .......................................................................................... 30
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
3
13.3.4
Overdimensional Load Route Signs ................................................................ 33
13.3.5
Weighbridge Signs .......................................................................................... 33
13.3.6
Advisory Truck Route Signs ............................................................................ 36
13.4
Pedestrian Signs ........................................................................................... 37
13.5
Bicycle Signs ................................................................................................. 38
13.5.1
General ........................................................................................................... 38
13.5.2
Bicycle Give Way to Trams ............................................................................. 38
13.5.3
Bicycle Use Signalised Crossing ..................................................................... 38
13.5.4
Cyclist Dismount - Beware of Gaps in Bridge .................................................. 38
13.5.5
Bicycle Direction Signs .................................................................................... 39
13.5.6
Signs for Trams ............................................................................................... 39
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
4
13.1
Introduction
13.1.1
General
This section describes the use of signs that communicate to drivers’ traffic instructions necessary for the
safe and efficient operation of roads. They are not regulatory signs but are normally used in conjunction
with regulatory or warning signs to form a standard treatment and to support the operation of road rules.
Traffic instruction signs are included in AS 1742 as G9 series signs. It is noted that some traffic instruction
signs have R series numbers that are reserved for regulatory signs. This has occurred because these signs
support traffic regulations.
This chapter does not include traffic instruction signs for freeways (GE9 series, see Volume 2 Chapter 12),
or signs for motorist's services and tourist facilities (see Volume 2 Chapter 11).
13.1.2
Colour and Reflectorisation
Traffic instruction signs usually have a black legend on a white background. In a few special cases other
colours are used.
As indicated in Volume 2 Table 4.2, the background material for the majority of these signs is Class 2 retroreflective sheeting, except for some exceptions, which have a Class 1 background.
The material used for legends other than black is Class 1 retro-reflective sheeting except where a sign
mounted overhead is not externally illuminated, in which case Class 1A material is used. Black legend is
non-reflective.
13.1.3
Selection of Sign Size
The signs shown in this chapter may have a choice of sizes ranging from A to D. Actual sizes are shown on
VicRoads’ standard drawings for the signs or in AS 1743. The following general principles apply for size
selection, as published in Appendix B of AS 1742.2:2009.
An A size sign should normally be used only where the:
•
•
•
85th percentile approach speed is less than 70 km/h;
prominence or conspicuity of the sign is not affected by competing visual stimuli; and
lateral displacement of the sign from the driver’s path is not excessive.
Progressively larger signs should be used:
•
•
•
as approach speeds become higher;
where there is a greater need for sign prominence due to either competing visual stimuli or the need to
emphasise the message; or
there is excessive lateral displacement of the sign.
The largest available sizes should be used on freeways.
If extra legibility distance or prominence is required on account of the importance of the message, location
of the sign, or environmental distraction, either a larger standard sign may be selected, or a special
oversize sign may be designed for the purpose. The principles of letter size selection described in Volume
2 Section 4.2.2 should be used in the design of special size signs.
When designing special signs or special oversize versions of standard signs, messages on the signs
should be concise so as to minimise signboard area without compromising legibility distance.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
5
13.2
Signs for Motor Vehicles
13.2.1
Lane Reductions
Where there is to be a reduction in the number of lanes by means of a merge, each merge shall have signs
and pavement markings appropriate to either a zip-merge or a lane change manoeuvre. In general, at
merges where the 85th percentile speed is greater than 80 km/h, then a lane change manoeuvre treatment
is recommended. Where the 85th percentile speed is less than 80 km/h, then a zip-merge treatment is
recommended.
a) Merge Right (G9-73) signs for lane change manoeuvre
These signs shall be used whenever the number of marked lanes for travel in one direction reduces from
two lanes to one lane, from three to two lanes and so forth. Continuity lines are used to inform drivers that
the left lane is about to end and of the required action. Drivers should thus be aware of the need to give
way whilst changing lanes, as required under rule 148 of Road Safety Road Rules 2009. The signs are also
used in conjunction with the LEFT LANE ENDS (W4-9) and MERGE RIGHT (W8-15) warning signs
described in Volume 2 Sections 9.6.3 (b) and 9.6.5.
Standard arrangements for lane change manoeuvres and the use of MERGE RIGHT signs and their
associated signs are shown in Figure 13.1.
b) Form (X) Lanes(s) (G9-15, G9-16) signs for zip-merge
As with MERGE RIGHT signs, these signs are used whenever the number of marked lanes for travel in one
direction reduces from two lanes to one lane, from three to two lanes and so forth. However, the signs shall
be erected in situations where a zip-merge treatment is used. A zip-merge is where a road narrows and
neither of the lanes is deemed to end; therefore drivers are required to merge in turn under rule 149 of
Road Safety Road Rules 2009. For example, this arrangement is normally used for two-lane freeway onramps that reduce to one lane prior to the ramp nose as shown in Volume 2 Figure 12.3.
Standard arrangements zip-merges and the use of FORM (X) LANE(S) signs and their associated signs
are shown in Figure 13.3.
As far as practicable, the signs should be placed on both sides of the roadway at the beginning of the taper
or road narrowing.
Figure 13.2 illustrates the signing required where a four lane divided road becomes a four lane undivided
road. In this case the MERGE RIGHT signs are used.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
6
(All dimensions are in metres unless otherwise shown)
Figure 13.1: Transition from four lane divided to two lane two way undivided road
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
7
Notes to Figure 13.1:
1. W4-9, W8-5 and W8-15 signs are C size where V85 ≥ 70 and B size where V85 < 70, unless larger
signs are warranted for conspicuity.
2. Leaving the duplicated roadway, the first pair of W4-11 signs are C size unless D size is warranted.
Further signs may be required at spacings of approximately 4 km where there are sections of stagebuilt duplication interspersed with two-way sections of road. Pavement arrows may also be installed to
reinforce lane discipline adjacent to these signs on these interspersed sections of two- way road.
3. Guide posts and delineators at 12 m spacing through the transition. These may not be necessary
where the road is kerbed and there is street lighting. Where the edge of roadway is unkerbed, guide
posts are located at the outer edge of shoulder, see Volume 2 Section 23.1.3 regarding guide post type
selection.
4. Hazard markers are used where additional delineation of alignment through the transition is required.
5. These signs are not generally required in an urban area. In rural area use the 5 km sign, unless that
point is in an urban area or is itself on a divided road. Use the 2 km sign where the 5 km sign has not
been used, or on a high volume route. The A size sign is normally used unless roadway conditions
warrant a larger sign size for conspicuity.
6. RRPMs are not shown but shall be installed in accordance with Volume 2 Section 19.1.5 where painted
edge lines are installed. RRPMs are not installed adjacent to kerbed roadways, typically in urban
areas.
7. Where general warrant is for 100 mm edge line, this may be increased to 150 mm on the outside of the
curve over the lane drop transition from divided to undivided.
8. Limit of edge lines when not warranted on continuing roadway.
9. Install “Keep Left Unless Overtaking” (see Volume 2 Section 12.5.10) speed zone and repeater signs
as required.
10. Three merge arrows are marked equally spaced in accordance with Volume 2 Section 18.1.2.
11. Barrier line installed if “no-overtaking” zone warrants are met, see Volume 2 Section 16.3.4.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
8
(All dimensions are in metres unless
otherwise shown)
Figure 13.2: Transition from four-lane divided to four-lane undivided road
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
9
Notes to Figure 13.2:
1. Use C size where V85 ≥ 70 and B size where V85 < 70, unless larger signs are warranted for
conspicuity.
2. Leaving the duplicated roadway, the size of the first pair of W4-V102 signs are C size where V85 ≥ 70
and B size where V85 < 70, unless larger signs are warranted for conspicuity. Subsequent signs are
normally B size. Further signs may be required at spacings of approximately 4 km where there are
sections of stage-built duplication interspersed with two-way sections of road. Pavement arrows may
also be installed to reinforce lane discipline adjacent to these signs on these interspersed sections of
two- way road.
3. Guide posts and delineators at 12 m spacing through the transition. These may not be necessary
where the road is kerbed and there is street lighting. Where the edge of roadway is unkerbed, guide
posts are located at the outer edge of shoulder, see Volume 2 Section 23.1.3 regarding guide post type
selection.
4. Minimum length of edge line for unkerbed roadway. Install red and yellow RRPMs where warranted in
accordance with Volume 2 Section 19.1.5.
5. A 150 mm continuous barrier line would normally be installed with double RRPMs (see Volume 2
Section 16.3 and Volume 2 Table 19.2).
6. See Volume 2 Figure 19.2 for use of coloured RRPMs in gore area.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
10
(All dimensions are in metres unless
otherwise shown)
Figure 13.3: Lane drop beyond signalised intersection
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
11
Notes to Figure 13.3:
1. Where two or more lanes are continuing, replace '1' with the appropriate number of lanes i.e. Form 2
Lanes (G9-16) where there are two lanes continuing.
2. Where there is insufficient distance to meet the minimum requirements for A and C, this advance sign
may be omitted.
3. The distance shown on the supplementary plate (G9-78) should match the actual distance between the
two signs to the nearest 20 m.
4. Intersection layout and approach markings are indicative only.
13.2.2
Overtaking Lane Signs
Overtaking lanes are constructed at intervals along busy two-lane, two-way rural roads to disperse platoons
of traffic by providing overtaking opportunities. They may also be provided at long or steep grades to
enable general traffic to overtake large slow moving vehicles. The lanes are usually at least 1 km in length.
Overtaking lanes are signed and marked to encourage all traffic in the first instance to use the left hand
lane.
The use of overtaking lanes is illustrated in Figure 13.4. Size A signs are to be used only where there is
insufficient room at the site to accommodate the B size sign.
Sign G9-37 is normally located 300 to 400 m in advance of the start of the diverge taper.
Sign G9-38 is used wherever it is considered desirable to advise drivers, well in advance, of the existence
of overtaking opportunities downstream. This sign is therefore always used on ‘A’ roads, and generally on
‘B’ roads, as a means of encouraging drivers to wait until they reach the extra lane before overtaking. The
distances shown will normally be 2 or 5 km.
The G9-38 sign shall not be erected in a built up area.
To encourage correct use of the overtaking lane, a regulatory “Keep Left Unless Overtaking” sign (R6-29),
see Volume 2 Section 8.5.10, is always erected near the start of the lane.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
12
Figure 13.4: Overtaking lane on two-lane two-way rural road
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
13
Notes to Figure 13.4:
1. Separation line continued as barrier line if “no-overtaking” zone warrants are met, see Volume 2
Section 16.2.3.
2. Separation line marking for single lane direction changed to double barrier line where “no-overtaking”
zone warrants are met. Note particularly the requirements of Volume 2 Section 16.2. Where overtaking
lanes in opposite directions overlap one another the separation line will always be a double barrier line
regardless of overtaking sight distance. Where an overtaking opportunity is provided within 5 km
downstream, a barrier line shall be installed (see Volume 2 Section 16.2.3). A minimum distance of 350
m should be provided for one way barrier line.
3. Where practicable, mark the continuity and edge line to provide a smooth alignment into the left lane,
rather than a sudden change in direction.
4. Minimum shoulder width as per Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 3, Section 4.3 (2010) and Table
V4.2 of VicRoads Supplement to Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 3 (2012).
5. The G9-38 sign should always be provided 5 km in advance of the overtaking lane, except where such
sign locations occur in a built-up area or on a divided road. A further optional sign may be provided at 2
km on high volume routes, or where the 5 km sign cannot be used.
6. Edge lines are always placed over the length of each taper plus a further 100 m at each end of each
taper. They are placed over the whole section when approved for the remainder of the route.
7. Use A size signs on low speed approaches or where insufficient space for B size.
8. Three merge arrows are marked equally spaced in accordance with Volume 2 Section 18.1.2.
13.2.3
Climbing Lane Signs
Climbing lanes are provided on multi-lane roads in situations where slow moving vehicles climbing a steep
gradient would have a severe adverse impact on the capacity and level of service of the road.
The arrangement of signs for a climbing lane is shown in Figure 13.5. In the case of a climbing lane, the
signs encourage only slow moving vehicles to use the added left hand lane. The G9-10 SLOW VEHICLE
LANE AHEAD and the G9-12 SLOW VEHICLES USE LEFT LANE are used for this purpose.
The line marking at the start of climbing lanes is designed to discourage faster moving traffic from entering
the lane.
The signing arrangement at the end of climbing lanes is the same as that for overtaking lanes.
The G9-37 and G9-38 signs are not used where a climbing lane (i.e. slow vehicle lane) is provided on a
divided road.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
14
(All dimensions are in metres unless otherwise shown)
Figure 13.5: Typical treatment for climbing lanes on divided roads
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
15
Notes to Figure 13.5:
1. Use where the left lane is more than 1km.
2. Use A size signs on low speed approaches or where insufficient space for the erection of the sign is
available.
3. Three merge arrows are marked equally spaced in accordance with Volume 2 Section 18.1.2.
13.2.4
Slow Vehicle Turnouts
Slow vehicle turnouts are short additional lanes provided to enable platoons of traffic to overtake slow
moving vehicles. Typically, slow vehicle turnouts are located in difficult terrain where full overtaking lanes
are not practicable or would be too costly.
Slow vehicle turnouts are therefore suitable only for roads where the 85th percentile speed of traffic is less
than 80 km/h. It is preferable to have turnouts at frequent intervals along hilly or mountainous roads (say 4
km), but the spacing usually varies markedly because of site constraints.
The length of the turnout does not necessarily enable the slow vehicle to maintain its speed and may
require it to almost stop, in order to allow other vehicles to overtake. Figure 13.6 shows typical dimensions
and a signing scheme for slow vehicle turnouts.
It should be noted that in cases where the parallel section of lane is less than 60 metres long, the LEFT
LANE ENDS and MERGE RIGHT sign assembly should not be provided. This is based on the assumption
that the entire length of such a short lane would be seen by the driver of an approaching slow vehicle, and
that the vehicle would have to almost stop in the lane and give way when rejoining the traffic stream.
Signs G9-V169 and P1-V132 are used where a group of turnouts is provided. A group is defined as 3 or
more turnouts with not more than 10 km between successive turnouts. Where successive turnouts are
more than 10 km apart they shall be signed individually or as separate groups.
The G9-V139 sign is installed to promote the use and better understanding of slow vehicle turnouts. They
shall be installed:
•
•
beyond the first G9-V169 sign “... TURNOUTS NEXT XX km” on a particular route; and
nominally 300 m in advance of the G9-50 sign “... TURNOUT 300 m” at isolated turnouts or, where a
series of turnouts are provided, at the first turnout beyond a major intersection, i.e. where a significant
volume of traffic could join the route.
Where parking is likely to occur in or adjacent to a slow vehicle turnout and cause operational problems,
“No Stopping” signs may be provided to prohibit parking.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
16
(All dimensions are in metres unless otherwise shown)
Figure 13.6: Typical treatment for slow vehicle turnouts
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
17
Notes to Figure 13.6:
1. These signs are provided where there is a group of turnouts and the G9-V169 is located approximately
1 km in advance of the first turnout.
2. Use A size signs on low speed approaches or where space for the erection of the sign is limited.
3. This sign is to be provided when L exceeds 60 m.
4. As a minimum, edge lines are to be provided between limits shown
5. Separation line continued as barrier line if “no-overtaking” zone warrants are met, see Volume 2
Section 16.2.3.
13.2.5
Reduce Speed
The G9-9 REDUCE SPEED sign is used at sites where drivers must slow down or may be required to stop
on account of a permanent condition, such as a sharp curve or intersection on the road ahead. It should
only be used where the appropriate standard warning, regulatory or direction signs, of adequate size and
prominence, are shown to be not fully effective in influencing driver behaviour. The sign shall only be used
in conjunction with these standard signs.
This sign should be located 60 to 120 m in advance of the appropriate warning sign so that both signs are
visible at the one time.
The sign should not be regarded as a “cure all” for every high speed traffic situation. Indiscriminate use will
destroy the impact that such signs, when properly used, will have on approaching drivers.
G9-9
13.2.6
Service Road Entry Signs
Sign G9-V123 is used whenever left turning traffic must first enter a service road before reaching an
intersection. This sign must be placed a sufficient distance in advance of the relevant service road
entry.
Sign G9-V124 is used:
•
•
where necessary, in conjunction with the G9-V123 sign to define the appropriate entry; or
at outer separator openings to service roads that do not serve any side streets, and the entry is
not in an expected location or readily visible to approaching drivers.
Sign G5-11 should be used where minor streets are reached through the opening. This is consistent
with AS 1742.5:1997. For practical purposes it is desirable to limit the number of side street names
to three. The frequency of access required to service roads should ensure that cases requiring a
greater number of names are rare.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
18
G9-V123
13.2.7
G9-V124
G5-11
No Right (Left) Turn at…
The G9-V117 sign is used to give drivers advanced warning of a turn ban. It includes the name of
the road to which the ban applies and the period of time over which the ban applies, if any. It may
also include a legend excepting certain classes of vehicle. The sign is normally located at a previous
intersection or other point where drivers have an opportunity to select an alternative route.
G9-V117
13.2.8
Reversible Lane Sign
A description of the use of overhead lane control devices is contained in AS 1742.14.
Signs similar to R2-V120 are used to provide advanced warning to motorists of the conditions that prevail
on roads where a reversible lane is used to improve road capacity.
The times displayed on signs at both ends of the reversible lane must differ to take into account the
clearance time required to safely change the direction of flow.
The signs must be placed at intervals not exceeding 500 m and in a conspicuous location, not only for
traffic using the road that has reversible flow, but also for traffic entering from significant side roads.
The sign is also used with the word AHEAD to advise motorists in advance that reversible flow applies.
Variable message signs may also be used to inform drivers of important changes to lane operation as
indicated by overhead lane signals.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
19
Prior to the installation of this form of lane control, the Executive Director - Policy & Programs should be
consulted regarding the signs and line marking arrangement proposed.
R2-V120-1
13.2.9
U Turn Must Give Way
Under rule 38 of the Road Safety Road Rules 2009, drivers U turning at an intersection on a major road
must give way to all other turning vehicles. The sign instructs U turning drivers that they have a legal
obligation to give way.
Sign R2-V115 U TURN MUST GIVE WAY should not be used generally at all intersections simply to
support the road rule.
The sign is used at signalised intersections that have a green right turn arrow on the major road operating
concurrently with a green left turn arrow on the side road. Under these circumstances, both drivers have a
green light leading them into a conflict situation.
The sign is placed on the signal pedestal or a short distance in front of it facing a driver U turning on the
major road, thus alerting the driver to a potential conflict.
R2-V115
13.2.10 Transit Lane Signs
AS 1742.12:2000 provides guidance on signing and road marking requirements for transit lanes on arterial
roads other than freeways.
Signs for transit lanes on freeways are described in Volume 2 Section 12.3.4.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
20
13.2.11 Keep Tracks Clear
Railway companies are responsible for installation of signs at level crossings, and often install KEEP
TRACKS CLEAR signs at crossings controlled by boom gates and flashing lights, in addition to the
standard sign arrangements shown in AS 1742.7:2007.
Where yellow box markings have been installed at level crossings, sign G9-67-2 must also be installed to
encourage drivers not to enter the crossing if a traffic queue would cause them to stop on the tracks.
Existing KEEP TRACKS CLEAR G9-67-1 signs may be supplemented with a symbolic yellow box sign, see
Volume 2 Section 9.5.2.
Volume 1 Section 11.5 of provides guidelines for the use of yellow box markings.
Volume 2 Section 18.5.4 provides road marking details for yellow box markings and Volume 2 Section
8.10.2 provides information regarding regulatory signs used at railway level crossings.
Yellow box markings, and signing arrangements similar to that used for railway level crossings, may also
be installed at tram level crossings to prevent queuing across the crossing and consequent delay to trams.
G9-67-1
G9-67-2
13.2.12 Give Way to Bicycles
GIVE WAY TO BICYCLES sign R2-V111 should be used in situations where it is necessary to reinforce
that motorists are required to give way to cyclists. For example, where a driveway or road intersects a
shared path or bicycle path and cyclists and pedestrians have right of way under Part 7 of the Road Safety
Road Rules 2009.
R2-V111
13.2.13 When Flashing Give Way to Pedestrians
Sign R3-V101 must be used at all Pelican crossings to instruct drivers to give way to pedestrians who are
on the crossing during the yellow flashing phase of the signal cycle.
A description of Pelican Crossings and guidelines for their use is provided in Volume 1 Section 4.5.2.
The word PEDESTRIANS in full is preferred. However, if lateral space is limited, as it often is at Pelican
crossings in shopping centres with verandahs and other street furniture, then the short version PEDS is
acceptable.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
21
A sign must be placed on signal pedestals on both sides of the road. Where a mast-arm exists it is
preferred that the sign is placed on the outreach of the mast-arm.
As cyclists are prohibited under the rule 248(2) of the Road Safety Road Rules 2009 from riding on a
marked foot crossing, it is inappropriate to provide a similar sign that includes the word CYCLISTS.
R3-V101
R3-V101
13.2.14 Give Way to Pedestrians
Sign R2-10 shall be used only at signalised intersections and only to control/ advise drivers of vehicles
which are under the control of the intersection signals. It shall be used as a reminder of the obligation by
turning traffic to give way to pedestrians crossing the roadway the traffic is entering. As this legal obligation
applies at all intersections, use of sign R2-10 should be limited to locations where the layout may lead to
some drivers being uncertain of this obligation or where drivers regularly fail to comply with this legal
obligation. Indiscriminate use may reduce compliance with the law and/or render R2-10 signs ineffective at
critical locations.
Sign R2-10 should be erected in a prominent location where it will be viewed by turning motorists, typically
adjacent to an applicable pedestrian lantern. As an alternative, it may be displayed as a flashing internally
illuminated sign having white words on a black background.
When use of this sign is contemplated, or compliance is not achieved with use of this sign, alternative
forms of control may be considered such as fully controlled turn movements or providing a leading
pedestrian phase prior to the filtered turn movement.
Sign R2-10 shall not be used at left turn slip lanes. Existing signs at slip lanes should be removed when
they become damaged or ineffective through ageing. Where pedestrian movements at a slip lane require
protection, consideration should be given to the erection of a pedestrian warning sign (W6-1), or provision
of a pedestrian (zebra) crossing, where warranted (refer Volume 2 Section 8.7.1 and Volume 1 Chapter 4).
R2-10
13.2.15 Turn Left at Any Time With Care
Sign R2-16 (formerly sign G9-14) shall only be used in rare cases on an unsignalised left turn slip lane at a
signalised intersection, where there is a demonstrated problem with drivers recognising that they need not
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
22
comply with the main signals. Its purpose is to advise drivers that they may make a left turn at any time and
are not required to comply with the intersection signals. It is only needed occasionally because:
•
•
•
most drivers recognise that intersection signals do not apply to unsignalised slip lanes;
left turn slip lanes are generally controlled by a Give Way sign (see Volume 2 Section 8.4.2 (b)); and
sign R2-16 may incorrectly infer to some drivers precedence over pedestrians.
Sign R2-16 shall not be used to permit a left turn by drivers facing a red signal. Left turn on red signal (i.e.
where there is no unsignalised slip lane) is not permitted in Victoria.
R2-16
13.2.16 Watch for Bicycles
Sign G9-57 is used to provide an instruction to motorists at locations where it is critical that they look out for
cyclists. It may be used at the following locations where cyclists are experiencing operational or safety
problems:
•
•
•
where a road or carriageway narrows and creates a squeeze point for cyclists;
at ‘5 lane’ treatments where cyclists are squeezed for space; or
at the start of diverge tapers and at the end of merge tapers.
As a general principle, other signs should not be placed on the same pole as important regulatory signs.
However, at sites where there is a history of accidents involving cyclists, or a hazard is known to exist, the
G9-57 sign may be placed below Stop, Give Way and Roundabout regulatory signs. Typical locations may
include the following:
•
•
on the approaches to multi-lane roundabouts or large single lane roundabouts; or
on left turn slip lanes where left turning traffic is provided with a merge taper or auxiliary lane.
G9-57
13.2.17 Sections of Road Subject to Ice Snow
Sign G9-V113 is erected at key locations on roads leading into Alpine areas to instruct drivers to drive
slowly because ice, frost or snow may be encountered.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
23
At specific known points of hazard within the section of signed road, warning signs indicating that the
surface is slippery may be necessary. On high speed roads it is often desirable, depending on the extent of
the hazard, to erect a composite sign with flashing lights, see Volume 2 Section 9.12. These signs may
also include a variable message panel. The variable signs should only be installed following consultation
with the Executive Director - Policy & Programs.
G9-V113
13.2.18 Snow Pole Signs
Sign G9-V114 (L or R) are mounted on orange painted snow poles erected in alpine areas to indicate the
location of a road that is covered in snow. The signs are spaced at no more than 500 m intervals,
depending on the likely visibility and the alignment of the road.
G9-V114
13.2.19 Winding Road Ends x km
Sign G9-17 is used on lengths of winding road in excess of 8 km as a reminder that the poor alignment
continues for a further specified distance.
This sign is typically located 2 to 4 km from the end of the winding section of road. See Figure 4.9 in AS
1742.2:2009 for typical signing treatment for a length of winding road.
G9-17
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
24
13.2.20 Road Closed, No Through Road
The G9-20 ROAD CLOSED sign is erected on a barrier across the road to indicate a permanent closure.
The G9-18 NO THROUGH ROAD sign is erected at the entrance to a dead-end road likely to be mistaken
as a through road.
Refer to AS 1742.2:2009 Clauses 4.11.2.15 and 4.11.2.16 for further details on the use of these signs.
G9-18
G9-20
13.2.21 Road Subject to Flooding & Flood Depth Indicators
The G9-21 ROAD SUBJECT TO FLOODING sign is always used in advance of a section of road on which
there are flood depth indicators.
Warning signs W5-6 FORD or W5-7 FLOODWAY are normally required in conjunction with these signs.
Various types of depth indicators are described in AS 1742.2:2009 Clause 4.10.6.10.
The Type 1 indicator is used at all isolated fords, floodways or short depressions in the road profile, which
are likely to become flooded.
Where flood depths in excess of 1.5 m or 3.5 m are expected, the Type 2 and Type 3 indicators are erected
on progressively higher ground.
The Type 4 indicator is used on long shallow depressions or flood plains where flood waters rarely exceed
fordable depth and are most unlikely to exceed 0.5 m. It is located at intervals of about 150 m and may be
attached to guideposts if they are expected to remain stable in times of flood.
The indicators are normally erected on 50 mm pipe posts on each approach to the floodway, so as to be
readily seen by drivers approaching the flooded area. The zero mark indicates the lowest level of trafficable
roadway.
During times of flood temporary signs including detour signs, where appropriate, should be used.
G9-21
G9-22
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
25
13.2.22 Railway Crossing Signs
The RAILWAY and CROSSING signs, G9-32 and G9-33 respectively, are used as part of the railway
crossing assembly RX-9.
The G9-48 LOOK FOR TRAINS sign is used in conjunction with regulatory and warning signs.
AS 1742.7:2007 should be consulted with respect to signing and line marking of railway level crossings.
G9-48
G9-32
G9-33
13.2.23 Local Traffic Only
The G9-40 LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY sign may be erected to discourage through traffic from using local
residential streets.
G9-40
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
26
13.3
Signs for Trucks
13.3.1
Signs for Steep Descents
Australian Standard AS 1742.2:2009 Section 4.9 details the sign treatments required for steep descents.
Three signage plans are detailed, depending on whether the gradient is defined as a short steep descent,
steep descent and long steep descent. The warrants for each classification are shown in Figure 4.25 of AS
1742.2:2009.
In addition to the signs detailed in AS 1742.2:2009, sign W8-V116 TRUCKS USE LOW GEAR can be used
in conjunction with sign W5-12 ahead of short steep descents.
Where the warrants for a long steep descent according to AS1742.2:2009 Figure 4.25 are met but the
gradient is at the low end of the range, an alternate scheme is suggested. An advance warning assembly of
signs W5-12 and W8-17-1 NEXT xx km placed ahead of W8-V116 TRUCKS USE LOW GEAR should be
used, with repeater assemblies of W5-12 and W8-V116 TRUCKS USE LOW GEAR installed as required.
W5-12
13.3.2
W8-17-1
W8-V116
Bridge Clearance and Load Limit Signs
The use of regulatory LOW CLEARANCE (R6-11) and CLEARANCE (R6-12) signs is described in Volume
2 Section 8.8.7. The use of BRIDGE LOAD LIMIT (R6-3) and BRIDGE LOAD LIMIT per axle group (R6-17)
signs are described in Volume 2 Section 8.8.3. Figure 13.7 shows a typical signing arrangement for these
treatments.
A number of traffic instruction signs may be used to provide advance information for truck drivers
approaching structures that have reduced clearance or a load limit.
Signs of the type G9-V138 LOW BRIDGES should be provided on routes used by significant numbers of
trucks to advise truck drivers of the height restrictions that exist on other roads in the area, and of the
magnitude of the restriction.
The G9-V138 sign may be used in conjunction with signs that provide information on suitable alternative
routes or signs that provide additional information warning of the nature of the restricted clearance.
The LOW BRIDGE AHEAD xx m, HIGH VEHICLES DETOUR (G9-3) and LOAD LIMIT ON BRIDGE xx t,
HEAVY VEHICLE DETOUR (G9-4) signs shall be erected at locations where it is essential that high or
heavy vehicles detour to avoid structures which have a low clearance or load limitation. They are used in
situations where damage to a road structure or vehicle is likely to occur if the vehicle proceeded on the
through road. The signs shall be erected in advance of an intersection with a detour.
Sign G9-5-1 (L or R) or sign G9-5-2 (L or R) is used to direct vehicles at intersections.
At locations that are critical to the operation of the road network (e.g. on the approaches to a freeway or
major urban arterial), it may be decided to install a height detection device. The Executive Director - Policy
& Programs shall be consulted regarding the design of these devices.
In some cases, trams pass under low bridges resulting in that part of the road having a vertical clearance
that is less than that available in other traffic lanes, due to the existence of overhead electric wires. In such
instances, it may be desirable to consult VicRoads’ Network Standards team regarding the provision of
special signs.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
27
G9-V138
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
28
(All dimensions are in metres unless otherwise shown)
Figure 13.7: Treatment at a low bridge and high vehicle detour
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
29
Notes to Figure 13.7:
1. See Volume 2 Section 8.8.7 regarding measurement of clearance and the definition of “Low
Clearance”.
2. An overhead load gauge structure may be required above the road in advance of the bridge where
there is particular danger of high loads striking the structure. Sign R6-11 should also be displayed on
this device.
3. The tabulated distance A is a minimum and may need to be increased to allow for extra stopping
distance for a heavily laden truck with a high load. If a load gauge structure is provided, distance A is
measured to that structure rather than the overbridge
4. Advance direction signs for the side road, if provided. Otherwise sign G9-3(L) is located distance A
from intersection.
5. Bridge width markers if required, see Volume 2 Section 22.3. They may be attached to bridge piers or
mounted on separate posts. Obstruction markers may be installed where a “Low Clearance” sign is
required, see Volume 2 Section 22.4.
6. Where the height restriction requires only “Clearance” rather than “Low Clearance” sign (see Volume 2
Section 8.8.7) the advance warning sign is omitted and detour signs are seldom needed.
7. Where there is more than one lane in a particular direction, the overhead clearance sign shall be
centred over the lanes in the direction of travel.
General Note:
The layout shown may also be adapted to BRIDGE LOAD LIMIT situations. The detour is signed by
substituting;
•
•
the advance sign LOAD LIMIT … t ON BRIDGE AHEAD, HEAVY VEHICLES DETOUR , sign G9-4(L
or R); and
the position sign DETOUR FOR HEAVY VEHICLES, sign G9-5-2 (L or R).
The sign BRIDGE LOAD LIMIT … t GROSS, R6-3, Volume 2 Section 8.3.3 is erected at the bridge. A
warning sign is not used. See also Volume 2 Section 13.3.3 regarding Speed Limits on Bridges.
13.3.3
Bridge Speed Limit
Speed limits on bridges as a result of the condition of the structure or deck, or activities that take place on
the bridge, shall be established by using standard regulatory speed limit signs with supplementary sign ON
BRIDGE (G9-49) mounted below. This sign arrangement as shown in Figure 13.8 is used to impose a
speed limit on the bridge alone.
Relevant guidelines set out in Volume 1 Chapter 7 shall be followed.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
30
Figure 13.8: Speed limit on a bridge
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
31
Notes to Figure 13.8:
1. Use B size signs where the volume is below 200 vpd AADT.
2. Repeater sign required where the side road enters between the main sign and the bridge.
3. Nominal distances are:
a.
100 m in urban areas; and
b. 200 – 300 m in rural areas, varied as necessary to suit approach geometry.
4. Speed zoning of a bridge is applicable only on account of structural inadequacy of the bridge.
5. This sign or the R6-1 sign may be required if guides in Volume 2 Section 8.8.6 are met.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
32
13.3.4
Overdimensional Load Route Signs
Overdimensional load route signs are erected and maintained by VicRoads specifically to guide drivers of
overdimensional vehicles.
Overdimensional vehicles travel under permits issued by VicRoads, and overdimensional routes are
determined by VicRoads in consultation with local councils.
The signs of each route are distinctively numbered and coloured. Changes to OD routes are determined
by the VicRoads Manager - Vehicle & Motorcycling Policy. Once a route has been established, the
administration and access of the OD route falls under the responsibility of VicRoads Regulatory Services.
Advance Guidance Markers (G8-V108) are used in advance of important intersections where the route
turns and traffic volumes, speeds, carriageway width, etc. are such that advance warning of the turn is
needed by drivers of heavy vehicles.
Guidance Markers (G8-V107) with a chevron end are located close to or within each intersection at which
the route turns.
Directional information on the OD route markers shall be in the same form as the accompanying direction
sign, i.e. chevron or arrow style of sign.
G8-V109 START and END signs are always used at the beginning and end of each route.
Where advance warning is required, generally in rural areas, a sign similar to G8-V147 may be provided.
As far as is practicable, the markers are mounted at a height of approximately 4 m on existing service poles
or in conjunction with existing direction sign assemblies.
OD route markers are always erected as “stand alone” signs and, whilst they are often attached above or
below direction signs, they are not incorporated into the sign face of other signs (i.e. direction signs).
G8-V107
G8-V108
G8-V109
13.3.5
G8-V108
G8-V147
Weighbridge Signs
Signs used to direct vehicles into VicRoads’ weighbridges are shown in Figure 13.9.
The TRUCKS MUST ENTER (R6-27) and BUSES MUST ENTER (R6-18) signs are regulatory signs
described in Volume 2 Section 8.9.4. These signs may be consolidated into one sign face to direct these
vehicles into weighbridge sites as follows:
•
Divided or Multi-lane Undivided Roads
The signing arrangement to be used for weighbridges on divided roads and multi-lane undivided roads is
shown in Volume 2 Figure 13.9.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
33
A 2 km advance sign (R6-V104) is provided to advise drivers that the weighbridge is open, and to enable
truck and bus drivers in the middle lane adequate time to change to the left lane. A second advance sign
(R6-V103) 1 km from the weighbridge instructs truck and bus drivers that they should be in the left lane.
Sign R6-V102, ALL TRUCKS AND BUSES MUST ENTER is placed at the weighbridge entrance.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
34
Figure 13.9: Typical signing treatments at weighbridges
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
35
Notes to Figure 13.9:
1.
For folding signs it is recommended that a road safety message is displayed when the
sign is in the closed position to reduce the possibility of graffiti.
2. The A size sign may be used where approach speeds are < 80 km/h.
•
Undivided Two-Lane Two-Way Roads
The signing arrangement to be used for weighbridges on two-lane two-way roads is shown in Figure 13.9.
On these roads it is unnecessary to instruct truck and bus drivers to be in the left lane. Consequently, a
R6-V104 sign modified to read 1 km is used for advance notice that the weighbridge is open, and a
R6-V102 sign is used at the entrance to the weighbridge.
The signs are hinged vertically so that the OPEN message is not visible when the weighbridge is closed. It
is superfluous to display the word CLOSED and preferable to display a road safety message on the
(otherwise) blank sign.
At critical locations, such as heavily trafficked truck routes, it may be considered necessary to install
electronic signs. The Executive Director - Policy & Programs shall be consulted regarding the sign face
design of such signs.
13.3.6
Advisory Truck Route Signs
Advisory truck route signs are used to encourage trucks to use alternative routes which direct them away
from sensitive areas such as residential, shopping or school precincts. The installation of these signs
should only be considered following an engineering evaluation and consultation with the Truck Operations
Committee. Refer to Volume 2 Section 8.8.2 regarding the use of regulatory No Trucks sign R6-10-2.
The G9-V145 ADVISORY TRUCK ROUTE sign is provided at strategic locations to encourage trucks to
use a designated truck route.
Sign G9-V146-1 is placed at intersections where the advisory truck route changes direction and sign
G9-V146-2 is placed at appropriate intervals on straight sections of road to reassure truck drivers that they
are following the designated route.
G9-V145
G9-V146-1
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
G9-V146-2
36
13.4
Pedestrian Signs
Sign R3-V100, PEDESTRIANS GIVE WAY TO TRAMS may be used at traffic instruction signs locations
where pedestrian paths cross tram tracks that exist within the median of a road, in order to provide an
instruction (and hence warning) to pedestrians.
The signs must be used where pedestrian operated signals exist across roadways of a duplicated road, but
no formal crossing is provided across the tram tracks.
Sign R3-V102 PEDESTRIANS USE OVERPASS should be used to instruct pedestrians to use a nearby
overpass rather than attempt to cross a busy road at grade. The signs should be placed at the location
corresponding to the desire line of the pedestrian movement. Where the route to the overpass is not
obvious, an arrow may be included on the sign face to direct pedestrians toward the overpass.
R3-V100
R3-V102
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
37
13.5
Bicycle Signs
13.5.1
General
Traffic instruction signs for cyclists are described in detail in AS 1742.9:2000. For signs used on freeways
refer to Volume 2 Section 12.7.9. Other signs which have been developed for specific use in Victoria are
described below.
13.5.2
Bicycle Give Way to Trams
Sign R2-V112 Bicycle (symbolic) GIVE WAY TO TRAMS should be used where a shared path or bicycle
path crosses tram tracks and it is necessary to remind cyclists that they must give way to trams.
R2-V112
13.5.3
Bicycle Use Signalised Crossing
Sign R2-V113 Bicycle (symbolic) USE SIGNALISED CROSSING is used where a signalised crossing
provides a safe crossing of a busy road, and the location of the path is staggered from the crossing. The
sign is provided to instruct cyclists to use a nearby signalised crossing or pedestrian crossing. An arrow
may be included on the sign face to direct cyclists.
A supplementary plate having a directional arrow should accompany the R2-V113 sign if the crossing is
more than 20 metres from the path.
R2-V113
13.5.4
Cyclist Dismount - Beware of Gaps in Bridge
Sign G9-V126 CYCLISTS DISMOUNT - BEWARE OF GAPS IN BRIDGE DECK should be used to warn
cyclists of the existence of hazardous gaps between planks in bridge decks. The first preference should be
to make the deck safe for all road users. Therefore, this sign should only be used where the number of
cyclists using the road is negligible, or where it is not economically or practically feasible to solve the
problem of gaps in the deck.
The G9-V126 signs should be placed a distance in advance of the abutment of the bridge sufficient for
cyclists to read and comprehend the sign, and then bring their bicycle to a stop in a controlled manner prior
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
38
to reaching the bridge. For example, a cyclist approaching at a speed of 50 km/h on a down gradient of
10% would require the sign to be placed 120 m from the bridge abutment. This distance is considered to be
appropriate for most situations.
Where higher approach speeds are anticipated, or where gradients exceed 10%, VicRoads Manager –
Network Standards should be consulted.
G9-V126
13.5.5
Bicycle Direction Signs
Providing direction signs for cyclists is important in helping users find new routes to destinations,
supplementing general traffic direction signs, particularly where new bicycle facilities have been installed.
Direction signs can be provided specifically for cyclists for the following situations:
•
•
•
•
To indicate where bicycle routes may differ from general traffic directions, e.g. using local roads,
contra-flows, no-through roads and off-road paths;
To show the distance (in kilometres) to key destinations including activity centres, public transport
stations, educational establishments, and significant recreational destinations;
To highlight key turning points on a route; or
To guide a cyclist from one designated bicycle route to another (including named off-road shared
trails).
The recommended design option for bicycle direction signs is blue text in white background comprised of
destination information followed by distance in kilometres as shown in G5-V101.
G5-V101
13.5.6
Signs for Trams
The R2-V110 sign, "GIVE WAY TO Trams (symbolic)", is used at median traffic instruction signs openings
where tram tracks exist within the median of a road. They are placed to face drivers turning right from the
major road and drivers crossing the median from side roads.
They are also used where trams pass through the central island of roundabouts, to instruct traffic
circulating around the island to give way to trams.
At roundabouts on arterial roads, a flashing illuminated version of the sign is often used to improve the
conspicuity of the sign.
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
39
The R2-V124 sign "GIVE WAY TO MERGING Trams (symbolic)" is used where tram tracks merge onto an
existing traffic lane requiring vehicular traffic to yield to a tram travelling in the same direction.
The R2-V125 sign "GIVE WAY TO TURNING Trams (symbolic)" is used where trams can turn either right
or left from the centre of road into another road or tram track. Vehicles are expected to yield to the tram.
R2-V110
R2-V124
Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 2, Chapter 13 – Edition 4
July 2014
R2-V125
40