Turning
Insert shape ...
A
B
C
D
E
... should be selected relative to the
entering angle and accessibility requirements of the tool. The largest possible
point angle should be applied to give
insert strength and reliability. But this
has to be weighed against the variation
of cuts needed to be taken. Here, the
versatility of the tool, through the degree
of tool access, is determined by the size
of the point angle (compare a square insert to a 35-degree point angle insert.)
A large point angle is strong but needs
more machine power and has a higher
tendency to vibrate due to having a large
cutting edge engaged in cut. The small
point angle is weaker and has a smaller cutting edge engagement, which can
make it more sensitive to the effects of
heat. Each insert shape has a set maximum effective cutting edge length which
influences the depth of cut possible.
The 80-degree point angle, rhombicshaped insert is frequently used as it
is an effective compromise and suitable
for many operations.
F
R
S
V
S
C
T
+
D
+
1
2
+
–
A
P
Scale 1 indicates that as regards cutting edge strength (S), the larger the point angle to the left, the higher
the strength. While as regards versatility and accessibility (A), the inserts to the right are superior.
Scale 2 indicates that the vibration tendency (V) rises to the left while power (P) requirement is lower to the
right.
G
H
W
A 36
D
C
Turning
Insert shape depending on operation
External machining
80°
55°
–
90°
60°
80°
35°
C
D
R
S
T
W
V
55°
A
●●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
B
●
●
C
●●
●
D
Internal machining
80°
55°
–
90°
60°
80°
C
D
R
S
T
W
●
●
●
●
●●
●
35°
E
V
F
●●
●
●
G
●●
●●
= Recommended insert shape
●
●
●
●
●
= Alternative insert shape
H
A 37
Turning
Insert shapes and sizes
General turning
Wiper inserts for high feed machining
A
B
CNMG-WF
CNMG-WM
CNMM-WR
CNGA WG
CNGQ WG
CNGA AWG
CNGA AWH
DNMX-WF
DNMX-WM
TNMX-WF
TNMX-WM
TNMX-WR
12
12–16
12–19
12
12
09–12
11–15
11–15
16
16
22
WNMG-WF
WNMG-WM
WNGA WG
WNGA AWG
WNGA AWH
CCMT-WF
CCMT-WM
DCMX-WF
DCMX-WM
TCMX-WF
TCGX-WK
TCMX-WM
06–08
06–08
08
06–08
06–09
09–12
07–11
11
09–16
06–11
11–16
General turning ISO inserts
C
D
E
F
G
H
A 38
CNMG
CNGP
CNMM
CNMA
DNMG
DNGP
DNMG R/L-K
DNMM
DNMA
RCMX
RNMG
09–25
12
12 – 25
12–19
11–15
15
15
15
15
10–32
09–25
SNMG
SNMM
SNMA
TNMG
TNMG R/L-K
TNMM
TNMA
VNMG
VNGP
WNMG
WNMM
09–25
12 – 25
09–25
11–33
16
16–27
16–27
16
16
06–08
08
WNMA
KNMX
KNUX
CCMT
CCGT
CCMW
DCMT
DCGT
DCMW
RCMT
SCMT
06–08
16
16
06–12
06–12
06–09
07–11
07–11
11
05–32
09–12
SCMW
TCMT
TCGT
TCMW
VBMT
VCEX
VBGT
VCGT
VBMW
CPMT
DPMT
09–12
06–22
06–11
11–16
11–16
11
16
11
16
06
07–11
TPMT
VCMT
WPMT
SPMR
TCGR
TPMR
SPGN/SPUN
TPGN/TPUN
06–16
11
02–04
09–12
06
11–22
09–19
11–22
Turning
General turning
Aluminium machining
CCGX
DCGX
RCGX
SCGX
TCGX
VCGX
06–12
07–11
06–10
09
06–16
11–22
CNGA
CNGQ
CNGN
DNGA
DNGQ
DNGN
RNGA
RNGN
SNGA
SNGQ
SNGN
12–19
12–16
12–16
15
15
15
12
09–25
12
12
09–19
TNGA
TNGN
WNGA
RPGN
RCGX/RPGX
SPGN
TPGN
16–22
11–22
08
09
06–25
12
11–16
A
Ceramics
B
C
Cubic boron nitride (CBN)
D
CNGA
CNMA
DNGA
DNMA
RNGA
RNGN
SNGA
SNMA
SNGN
TNGA
TNMA
09–12
12
11
15
09
12
09–12
12
12
11–16
16–22
TNGN
WNGA
DCMW
TCMW
VBMW
22
06–08
11
09–11
16
E
Polycrystalline diamond (PCD)
F
CCMW
DCMW
SPUN
TCMW
TCMW
TPUN
TPUN
VCMW
06–09
11
09–12
09–16
16
11–16
16
11–16
G
H
A 39
Turning
Insert size ...
ap
A
la
D
... according to shape and cutting edge
length, should be related to the type of
application involved. The maximum depth
of cut required should certainly help to
establish the insert size once the shape
has been determined. (The depth of cut
influences the metal removal rate,
number of cuts necessary, chipbreaking
and the power requirement.) Establish
the effective cutting edge length (la)
along with the shape of the insert, the
entering angle (κr) of the tool holder and
the depth of cut. The minimum necessary effective cutting edge length can be
determined from the table relating the
depth of cut (ap) to the entering angle
(κr). For extra reliability in more demanding operations, a larger, thicker insert
should be considered for a higher degree
of reliability.
E
When machining against a shoulder, the
depth of cut can experience dramatic increases – measures here should include a
stronger insert or an additional facing cut
to minimize the risk to the insert security.
B
C
F
Also, generally, if the effective cutting
edge length is less than the depth of
cut, a larger insert should be selected
or the depth of cut reduced.
κr
κr
l
1
(ap) mm
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
3
3.1
3.5
4.3
6
12
4
4.1
4.7
5.7
8
16
5
5.2
5.8
7.1
10
20
6
6.2
7
8.5
12
24
7
7.3
8.2
10
14
27
8
8.3
9.3
12
16
31
9
9.3
11
13
18
35
10
11
12
15
20
39
15
16
18
22
30
58
(la) mm
105
120
135
150
165
90
75
60
45
30
15
1
1.5
1.2
1.4
2
4
2
2.1
2.3
2.9
4
8
la = 0.4 x d
la = 2/3 x l
S
R
la = 2/3 x l
la = 1/2 x l
C
la = 1/2 x l
T
la = 1/2 x l
G
D
la = 1/4 x l
H
W
K
la = 1/4 x l
V
The recommended maximum values in the table are intended to provide machining reliability for continuous
roughing cuts. Deeper cuts can be taken for a shorter period (l) is the insert cutting edge length.
A 40
Turning
Selecting the insert size – according to chipbreaking areas
Finishing (F)
Medium (M)
Roughing (R)
Operations at light depths of cut (d.o.c.) and low
feeds
Medium to light roughing operations. Wide range of
d.o.c. and feed rate combinations.
Operations for maximum stock removal and/or
severe conditions. High d.o.c. and feed rate
combinations.
Finishing:
Medium:
Roughing:
f = 0.1 - 0.3 mm/r
ap = 0.5 - 2.0 mm
f = 0.2 - 0.5 mm/r
ap = 1.5 - 5.0 mm
f = 0.5 - 1.5 mm/r
ap = 5 - 15 mm
A
General cutting depth recomendations for insert shapes according to chipbreaking for different geometries.
Type of application
Insert shape
Maximum cutting depth ap, mm
F
Insert size
Rombic 80°
C
Rombic 55°
D
Round
R
Square
S
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
B
15
C
06
11
15
D
06
08
10
12
15
16
19
20
25
32
E
09
12
15
19
25
31
38
T
V
11
16
22
Rombic 35°
2
06
09
12
16
19
25
11
16
22
27
33
Triangular
1
R
M
F
G
H
06
08
Trigon 80°
W
KNUX/KNMX 55°
K
16
A 41
Turning
Insert nose radius
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Providing an insert with a nose radius affects its strength and its ability to generate a surface finish. An excessive nose
radius may lead to vibration tendencies
and reduce the chipbreaking ability in finishing operations. When the depth of cut
is very small, the nose radius acts as a
variable entering angle. Inserts are available in different nose radii to provide a
suitable option for the application. The
radii are generally within the range from
0.2 to 2.4 mm.
Guide for maximum feed for various nose radii
Nose radius
(rε) mm
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.4
Max recommended
feed (fn) mm/r
0.25–0.35
0.4–0.7
0.5–1.0
0.7–1.3
1.0–1.8
For finishing, see Wiper inserts. For roughing, the most useful radii are 1.2 — 1.6 mm.
For rough turning, select the largest nose
radii availble for the insert so as to provide machining security and high metal
removal rate through a high feed rate. If
vibration tendencies occur, select a smaller nose radius. In roughing operations, it
is essential that the maximum feed recommendations for the nose radius in
question is not exceeded. A rule of thumb
for rough turning says that the feed selected should be in the region of half the
nose radius value. For example, if an insert with a nose radius of 0.8 mm is chosen, the feed should be 0.4 mm/rev.
The chart for maximum feed in relation
to the nose radius is based on the maximum recommended feed of 2/3 of the
nose radius. The higher feed rates apply
for inserts having a strong cutting edge
with at least a 60 degree point angle, are
single sided, are used with a smaller entering angle than 90 degrees and are
used in materials with good machinability with moderate cutting speeds.
A small conventional nose radius and a larger Wiper nose radius.
For finishing operations, the Wiper inserts should always be a consideration
as these provide a solution which does
not follow the conventional relationship
between feed rate, nose radius and generated surface finish. These allow the
feed to be doubled while maintaing the
same surface finish value or improve the
surface finish value considerably at the
present feed rate, as well as improving
the chipbreaking capability.
The effect of feed rate on surface finish.
A 42
Turning
Deviation from nominal nose radius
Wiper inserts
T-MAX P
● modified nose radius
The modified nose radius is within the tolerances for C- and
W-style inserts as specified by ISO standards and therefore do
not give rise to any programming complications. The corner has
been given a new carefully developed shape rather than just
one straightforward radius. This has a profound effect on the
surface generated in that the ridges, normally left behind as the
insert moves on, are ”wiped” off by the extended cutting edge.
DNMX
DNMX
T-MAX P Wiper inserts
DNMX
Are optimised for toolholders with 93° entering angle. Can also
be applied in toolholders that have entering angle in the range
of 92°–94°.
TNMX
TNMX
TNMX
Works with toolholders that have entering angle in the range of
91°–93°.
The DNMX/TNMX Wiper insert has a corner configuration that deviates from a conventional DNMG/TNMG insert, which means that
on some operations it has an effect on workpiece dimensions.
TNMX
1)
11 04 04-WF
11 04 08-WF
15 04 08-WF
15 06 08-WF
11 04 08-WM
11 04 12-WM
15 04 08-WM
15 04 12-WM
15 04 16-WM
15 06 08-WM
15 06 12-WM
15 06 16-WM
16 04 04-WF
16 04 08-WF
16 04 08-WM
16 04 12-WM
22 04 12-WR
22 04 12-WR
x
z
– 0.06
– 0.04
– 0.04
– 0.04
– 0.17
– 0.05
– 0.17
– 0.05
– 0.02
– 0.17
– 0.04
– 0.04
– 0.06
– 0.05
– 0.14
– 0.03
– 0.25
– 0.29
– 0.01
– 0.01
– 0.01
– 0.01
– 0.03
– 0.02
– 0.03
– 0.02
– 0.05
– 0.03
– 0.02
– 0.02
0
– 0.01
– 0.02
– 0.01
– 0.03
– 0.04
m1
m21)
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
– 0.14
0.03
– 0.14
0.03
0.03
– 0.14
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.01
– 0.10
0.05
– 0.22
– 0.25
0
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.03
0.09
0.03
0.09
0.09
0.03
0.09
0.09
0
0.06
0.03
0.08
0.01
0.02
A
B
C
Deviation after x and z set to zero (= 0 difference).
CoroTurn 107
x
There is no Wiper-effect when making chamfers with Wiper Cand W-style inserts.
Negative basic shaped P-style inserts with a 100-degree corner
have been provided with Wiper-effect.
Thanks to increased feed rate the chipbreaking is normally improved with Wiper inserts.
DCMX
DCMX
TCMX
The ceramic and CBN Wiper inserts have had their cutting edges prepared for their particular application ranges: the ceramic inserts have edge preparations type T01020 and T02520,
and CBN inserts have T01020.
TCMX
1)
07 02 04-WF
07 02 08-WF
11 T3 04-WF
11 T3 08-WF
11 T3 04-WM
11 T3 08-WM
09 02 04-WF
11 03 04-WF
11 03 08-WF
16 T3 08-WF
11 03 08-WM
16 T3 08-WM
– 0.06
– 0.03
– 0.06
– 0.05
– 0.10
– 0.06
– 0.1
– 0.1
– 0.05
– 0.06
– 0.06
– 0.06
z
– 0.01
– 0.01
– 0.01
– 0.01
– 0.02
– 0.01
0
– 0.01
0
0
0
0
m1
m21)
– 0.05
– 0.06
0.05
0.01
0.08
0
0.1
– 0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0.06
– 0.01
0.06
– 0.01
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
D
E
Deviation after x and z set to zero (= 0 difference).
F
❶
CoroTurn 107 Wiper inserts
z
DCMX
Are optimised for toolholders with 93° entering
angle. Can also be applied in toolholders that have
entering angle in the range of 92°–94°.
TCMX
Works with toolholders that have entering angle in
the range of 91°–93°.
The DCMX/TCMX Wiper insert has a corner configuration that deviates from a conventional DCMT/
TCMT insert, which means that on some operations it has an effect on workpiece dimensions.
•
X
G
❷
Nominal nose
radius
❶
m1
•
❷
❸
Z
Nominal nose radius
Wiper nose
H
m2
Wiper nose
❸
x
Nominal nose radius after tool offset
A 43
Turning
Wiper insert geometry effect on workpiece
dimensions
Effect on workpiece when using DNMX or TNMX inserts and how
to compensate to get the right dimension.
Wiper effect
A
Wiper (DNMX)
Nominal nose radius
3.
2.
1.
B
C
bs = length of wiper radius
D
Insert type
Dimensions, mm
Type of operation
1. Chamfer
45°
2. Copying
27°
3. Undercutting
22°
Dimensions, mm
E
rε2
l22
l21
59°30’
0.30
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.8
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.06
0
0.09
0
0.10
0.09
0
0.10
0.06
0
0.06
0.01
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.09
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.21
0.02
0.21
0.03
0.05
0.21
0.01
0.03
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.25
0.25
0.52
0.40
0.40
0.40
0
0.06
0
0.06
0
0.04
0.10
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.08
0.05
0.12
0.09
–
–
–
–
–
–
ae
bs
bf
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.10
0.07
0.24
0.05
0.41
0.48
0.42
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.82
0.99
0.82
0.99
1.30
0.82
0.99
1.30
0.44
0.76
0.86
1.03
1.29
1.70
0.18
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.50
0.59
0.50
0.59
0.73
0.50
0.59
0.73
0.18
0.39
0.53
0.54
0.82
0.99
0.41
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.63
0.85
0.63
0.85
1.24
0.63
0.85
1.24
0.34
0.56
0.68
0.90
1.28
1.68
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.19
0.19
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.43
0.73
0.43
0.73
0.25
0.74
0.48
0.48
0.38
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.19
0.42
0.19
0.42
0.25
0.44
0.27
0.26
0.39
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.42
0.56
0.43
0.56
0.48
0.56
0.39
0.44
0.75
0.56
0.56
0.56
T-MAX P
DNMX
DNMX
F
TNMX
TNMX
G
α
TNMX
11 04 04-WF
11 04 08-WF
15 04 08-WF
15 06 08-WF
11 04 08-WM
11 04 12-WM
15 04 08-WM
15 04 12-WM
15 04 16-WM
15 06 08-WM
15 06 12-WM
15 06 16-WM
16 04 04-WF
16 04 08-WF
16 04 08-WM
16 04 12-WM
22 04 12-WR
22 04 16-WR
59°30’
57°
57°
58°
CoroTurn 107
DCMX
H
DCMX
TCMX
TCMX
A 44
07 02 04-WF
07 02 08-WF
11 T3 04-WF
11 T3 08-WF
11 T3 04-WM
11 T3 08-WM
09 02 04-WF
11 03 04-WF
11 03 08-WF
16 T3 08-WF
11 03 08-WM
16 T3 08-WM
59°30’
59°30’
59°
59°
Turning
CoroTurn 107 knife edge Wiper inserts
Deviation from nominal nose radius
Triangular inserts T06 and T09 are optimised for toolholders
with 91° entering angle. Can also be applied in toolholders that
have entering angle in the range of 90°–92°.
The triangular T11 insert works with toolholders that have entering angle in the range of 91°–93°.
CoroTurn 107
TCGX
TCGX
TCGX
06 T1 04
09 02 04
11 02 04
x
z
m1
m21)
-0.07
-0.08
-0.06
0
0
0
0.015
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.05
0.06
The TCGX Wiper insert has a corner configuration that deviates
from a conventional TCGT insert, which means that on some
operations it has an effect on workpiece dimensions.
A
❶
z
(Valid for left (L) hand inserts.)
B
❷
Nominal nose radius
X
❶
•
❶
•
C
Wiper nose
m1
m2
Z
❷ ❸
❸
Nominal nose radius
D
x
Wiper nose
Nominal nose radius after tool offset
E
Effect on workpiece dimensions
Effect on workpiece when using TCGX inserts and how to
compensate to get the right dimension.
T06. T09 κ = 91°
T11 κ = 92°
Undercutting
F
Insert type
CoroTurn 107
TCGX
TCGX
TCGX
06 T1 04
09 02 04
11 02 04
Dimensions, mm
G
α
rε1
rε2
bs
bf
59°
59°
58°
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.26
0.27
0.26
H
bs = length of wiper radius
Edge CAM provides CNC programming support for Wiper nose radius compensation.
A 45
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