Korea Micro Energy Grid
Project
i4Energy BECI Energy Research Symposium
September 17, 2013
presented by:
Therese Peffer,
California Institute for Energy and Environment & i4Energy
Outline!
–
–
–
–
–
Objective
Demand Response in California
Sutardja Dai Hall Monitoring
Demand Response Events, Tests, Results
Next steps
SDB - Software Defined Buildings, UC Berkeley
Korea’s Flagship R&D Program:
Korea Micro Energy Grid (K-MEG)
-Eliminate blackouts (February evening peaks)
Demand response
-Create U.S. market for Korean technologies
Peak loads…!
California Independent Service Operator (CAISO) 2012 Annual Report on Market
Issues and Performance !
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
…occur in the summer afternoons!
K-MEG year 2 project review Aug 29, 2013
CAISO
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
DR strategies: time
6
Demand Response Research Center,
LBNL
DR strategies: depth & scale
Full
automation
Apogee
Wattstopper
Zoned lighting
control
Manual
control
Feedback/encourage
manual control:
•  Room and task lights
•  Temperature setting
•  Close windows
Whole buildng
meter
HVAC &
lighting
User preferences for
HVAC, lights,
computer, printer.
Personal
Control systems
Better
feedback
Increasing data granularity
Zoned sensors &
meters (power,
occupancy)
Distributed sensors
7
Sutardja Dai Hall Monitoring!
K-MEG year 2 project review Aug 29, 2013
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Building
141,000 gsf, occupied in late spring 2009
CITRIS Research Building
•
•
Office space (private and open), Light labs,
Auditorium, Classrooms, Cafe
Not included (Nanofabrication Lab, Main Distribution
Center for campus, Campus IT equipment)
Siemens Apogee Building Automation System
(BAS)
Siemens Energy Management and Control System
(EMC)
Redundant flex fuel chilled water system:
•
•
600 Ton Trane Centrifugal Chiller with Hot Gas
Bypass
600 Ton Trane Steam Absorption Chiller (Li-Br
Absorbent)
Variable Air Volume (VAV) with reheat (steam)
WattStopper and Lutron lighting systems
•  Stepped trilevel dimming in open plan offices
•  Occupancy sensors in private offices
K-MEG year 2 project review Aug 29, 2013
9
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Sub-metering and infrastructure
CITRIS
•  Over 28 Electrical Sub-meters
•  Light and Plug Loads Per Floor
•  HVAC Systems
•  Server Rooms
•  Office Air Handler System
•  Over 7000 sense points in BAS
•  Recent upgrade to Ethernet
Campus-led Monitoring Based Commissioning (MBCx)
project
•  Commission centrifugal chiller short cycling problem
•  Four VFDs on chilled water and condenser water pumps
Distributed Intelligent Automated Demand Response
(DIADR) project
•  Six flow meters on chilled water distribution
•  Four additional electrical sub-meters
•  Wireless temperature sensors on flow meters
10
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Electrical submetering
K-MEG year 2 project review Aug 29, 2013
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Electrical submetering
K-MEG year 2 project review Aug 29, 2013
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
BOSS Application
Source: David Culler
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Sutardja Dai Hall: submetering and sMAP
ACEEE Summer Study
August 12, 2012
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Components of load
Peak load in Sutardja Dai Hall
(hot weather)
1400
1200
Overall peak, cool
weather
kilowatts
1000
Other
Nanofab lab
Telecom
Pumps
Emergency
Receptacles
Lighting/water heaters
HVAC + Elevators
800
600
400
63-73 kW Receptacles
48-50 kW lighting/60-68 kW total
190-330 kW HVAC + Elev
HVAC peak, cool
weather
200
0
Abs chiller
centrif chiller
ACEEE Summer Study
August 12, 2012
Office: About 25% of whole building load
Higher in hot weather (25-40% of chiller)
About 235-305 kW
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Demand Response strategies
K-MEG year 2 project review Aug 29, 2013
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Demand Response Events 2012
DR strategies: Reduce minimum ventilation rate by 85% Increase zone temperature
to 78F
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Demand Response Events 2012
DR strategies: Turn off daylit zones and core zones (corridors and lobbies)
Dim lighting in open plan areas.
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Had we been using the electrical centrifugal chiller, we would have achieved 30% load shed.
VFDs on chilled water and condenser water pumps were installed between
Oct 1 and Oct 18
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
events
BOSS Application—Deeper DR with sensors
Source: David Culler
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Installation team: April 15-26
Not pictured: Jeonghoon Kang
©2013 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Sensors
150 sensor sets; each set includes:
Temperature, Light, Relative Humidity
Passive Infrared (motion) for occupancy
Carbon Dioxide
100 vac power
Wireless network using LoCal’s base stations
Installed:
Private offices
Conference rooms
Corridors
Open plan collaboratories
Status: 92 sets installed (over 500 sensors)
©2013 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Control objective
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Sample installation
4th
FLOOR
Office : 415
(1712, 2112,
5112)
Office : 413
(1711, 2111,
5111)
Office : 442
(1708, 2108,
5108)
Office : 444
(1707, 2107,
5107)
Office : 417
(1713, 2113,
5113)
Office : 419
(1714, 2114,
5114)
Office : 446
(1706, 2106,
5106)
Office : 448
(1705, 2105,
5105)
Office : 421
(1715, 2115,
5115)
Office : 422
(1716, 2116,
5116)
Office : 423
(1717, 2117,
5117)
Office : 424
(1718, 2118,
5118)
Office : 452
(1704, 2104,
5104)
Office : 416
(1701, 2101,
5101)
Office : 454
(1703, 2103,
5103)
Office : 458
(1702, 2102,
5102)
Office : 426
(1719, 2119,
5119)
Office : 464
(1710, 2110,
5110)
•  Private office (complete) : 20 point
•  Public space partition(only power supply) : 14 point
Occupancy : 5111
CO2 : 2111
THL : 1711
Office : 462
Need to
check
Meta data manually entered….
ACEEE Summer Study
August 12, 2012
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Initial DR tests
ACEEE Summer Study
August 12, 2012
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Recent tests
•  Reducing room air flow
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
•  Resulting room temperatures
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
•  Resulting power reduction
K-MEG year 2 project review Aug 29, 2013
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
•  Using KETI motes to compare occupant
environment
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Next steps
•  Repackaging the sensors to provide more secure
installation in public areas.
•  Add labels to the sensors to inform the occupants
what the sensors were, why they were installed,
and how one could access the data, if desired. •  Closed loop DR event testing with the DROMS,
BOSS and sensors.
•  Refine controller using sensor data (demand
control ventilation/temperature/lighting)
•  Administer CBE occupant survey
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org
Questions?
therese.peffer@uc-ciee.org
©2012 i4Energy
i4energy.org