VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD
CV [J]
Uper shelf
"Ductile"
Sub-sized CVN specimen
conversion methodology
Transition region
Lower shelf
"Brittle"
0
T [ C]
ASTM A01-13 meeting Tampa 2015
Kim Wallin
1
ASTM A370 Table 9
60
50
Table 9 is based on a
simple thickness-ratio
correction.
KV10 [J]
40
30
ASTM A370 Table 9
20
3/4
2/3
1/2
1/3
1/4
10
0
0
21/10/2015
5
10
15
20
25
KVB [J]
30
35
40
45
2
Subsized specimens
Sub-size specimens yield higher absolute energies
100
80
1/2
2/3
1/1
A simple ratio-correction
KV5x10 [J]
is not sufficient for the
60
adjustment of sub-size
Charpy-V specimen
energies.
40
20
0
0
50
100
150
200
KV10x10 [J]
Sub-size specimens yield lower proportional energies
3
Effect of thickness on transition curve
140
2
KV/(Bb) [J/cm ]
120
McNicol 1965
100
80
1.25
2.5
5
10
15
60
40
20
0
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
o
T [ C]
McNicol, R. (1965, September). Correlation of Charpy Test Results for Standard and Nonstandard Size Specimens.
Welding Research Supplement, pp. 385-393.
21/10/2015
4
Subsized specimens
20
0.25
TCV28J = TCV35J/cm - 51.4 ln{2 (B/10)
2
95 %
-1}
Similar to a
statistical size
effect related to
cleavage initiation.
See e.g. ASTM
E1921.
0
o
TCV35J/cm - TCV28J [ C]
Sub-size specimens yield lower transition temperature
0
T
5 C
5%
-20
2
.2
84
UG
ME
s
S
er
A
w
To
-40
-60
THICKNESS CORRECTION
FOR CVN TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
-80
-100
0
2
4
6
8
10
Included in
BS7910-13
12
B [mm]
Wallin K. Methodology for selecting Charpy toughness criteria for thin high strength steels - Part 1:
Determining the fracture toughness: D733. Jernkontorets Forskning, 1994.
5
Subsized specimens
20
Similar to a
statistical size
effect related to
cleavage initiation.
See e.g. ASTM
E1921.
95 %
o
TCV35J/cm - TCV28J [ C]
Sub-size specimens yield lower transition temperature
0
-20
.2
5%
2
ME
S
A
4
-8
G
U
TCV28J = TCV35J/cm - 51.4 ln{2 (B/10)
-40
2
we
o
T
-60
rs
-1}
0
T
5 C
THICKNESS CORRECTION
FOR CVN TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
-80
-100
0.25
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Included in
BS7910-13
22
B [mm]
Wallin K. Methodology for selecting Charpy toughness criteria for thin high strength steels - Part 1:
Determining the fracture toughness: D733. Jernkontorets Forskning, 1994.
6
Subsized specimens
Sub-size specimens yield lower proportional upper shelf energies
350
20 mm
8 mm
7 mm
6 mm
4 mm
3.3 mm
2.5 mm
2
CVB-US/(Bb) [J/cm ]
300
250
9 mm
7.5 mm
6.7 mm
5 mm
3.6 mm
3 mm
s
dcg
s
Some shear
and some flat
fracture.
200
s
All shear
fracture.
150
Due to a competition
between shear and flat
fracture.
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2
CV10-US/0.8 [J/cm ]
Wallin K Upper shelf energy normalisation for sub-sized Charpy-V specimens. Int J of Pressure Vessels and Piping,
78, 2001, pp 463-470.
7
Subsized specimens
Sub-size specimens yield lower proportional upper shelf energies
1.3
(CVB-USx10)/(CV10-USxB)
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
All shear
0.9
0.8
0.7
1
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
CV10-US/B [kN]
Wallin K Upper shelf energy normalisation for sub-sized Charpy-V specimens. Int J of Pressure Vessels and Piping,
78, 2001, pp 463-470.
8
Subsized specimens
Sub-size specimens yield lower proportional upper shelf energies
Normalisation is
insensitive to
strength but
sensitive to modulus
of elasticity .
Austenitic stainless
slightly different than
structural steel.
Wallin K Upper shelf energy normalisation for sub-sized Charpy-V specimens. Int J of Pressure Vessels and Piping,
78, 2001, pp 463-470.
9
Subsized specimens
Sub-size specimens yield lower proportional upper shelf energies
THICKNESS CORRECTION FOR UPPER SHELF
500
B = 7.5 mm
B = 5 mm
B = 3.3 mm
B = 2.5 mm
2
KV10/0.8 [J/cm ]
400
300
200
100
Mean predictions
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2
KVB/(0.8xB) [J/cm ]
Wallin K Upper shelf energy normalisation for sub-sized Charpy-V specimens. Int J of Pressure Vessels and Piping,
78, 2001, pp 463-470.
10
Temperature adjustment
Energy conversion
11
• The conversion accounts for the lower energy required
to fracture shear lips.
• CV10-US corresponds basically to a value without shear
lips.
• For high CVN energies the measured full size specimen
energy becomes therefore less than indicated by the
equation.
• Begins to effect when CV10 > 100 J.
12
Energy conversion
300
Estimated
measured
energy.
KV10 [J]
200
KV3/4
KV2/3
100
KV1/2
KV1/3
KV1/4
0
0
50
100
150
200
KVB [J]
13
160
2
KV10est/(Bb) [J/cm ]
140
McNicol 1965
120
100
80
1.25
2.5
5
10
15
60
40
20
0
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
o
Tadjusted [ C]
McNicol, R. (1965, September). Correlation of Charpy Test Results for Standard and Nonstandard Size Specimens.
Welding Research Supplement, pp. 385-393.
14
50
45
4340 low toughness
40
10
7.5
5
2.5
KV10est [J]
35
30
25
20
15
10
y
1480 MPa
5
0
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
o
Tadjusted [ C]
Enrico Lucon, C. N. (2015). Impact Characterization of 4340 and T200 Steels by Means of Standard, Sub-Size and
Miniaturized Charpy Specimens. NIST Technical Note 1858.
15
140
120
4340 high toughness
10
7.5
5
2.5
KV10est [J]
100
80
60
40
y
952 MPa
20
0
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
o
Tadjusted [ C]
Enrico Lucon, C. N. (2015). Impact Characterization of 4340 and T200 Steels by Means of Standard, Sub-Size and
Miniaturized Charpy Specimens. NIST Technical Note 1858.
16
300
KV10est [J]
250
T200
200
10
7.5
5
2.5
150
100
50
y
1134 MPa
0
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
o
Tadjusted [ C]
Enrico Lucon, C. N. (2015). Impact Characterization of 4340 and T200 Steels by Means of Standard, Sub-Size and
Miniaturized Charpy Specimens. NIST Technical Note 1858.
17
80
X52
70
KV10est [J]
60
10
6.67
5
50
40
30
20
y
325 MPa
10
0
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
o
Tadjusted [ C]
E. Lucon, C. N. McCowan, and R. L. Santoyo, (2015). Impact Characterization of Line Pipe Steels by Means of Standard,
Sub-Size and Miniaturized Charpy Specimens. NIST Technical Note 1865.
18
500
X65
KV10est [J]
400
10
6.67
5
300
200
100
y
514 MPa
0
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
o
Tadjusted [ C]
E. Lucon, C. N. McCowan, and R. L. Santoyo, (2015). Impact Characterization of Line Pipe Steels by Means of Standard,
Sub-Size and Miniaturized Charpy Specimens. NIST Technical Note 1865.
19
500
X70
KV10est [J]
400
300
10
6.67
5
200
100
y
0
-160 -140 -120 -100 -80
-60
-40
503 MPa
-20
0
20
40
o
Tadjusted [ C]
E. Lucon, C. N. McCowan, and R. L. Santoyo, (2015). Impact Characterization of Line Pipe Steels by Means of Standard,
Sub-Size and Miniaturized Charpy Specimens. NIST Technical Note 1865.
20
300
X100
KV10est [J]
250
y
817 MPa
200
150
100
10
6.67
5
50
0
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
o
Tadjusted [ C]
E. Lucon, C. N. McCowan, and R. L. Santoyo, (2015). Impact Characterization of Line Pipe Steels by Means of Standard,
Sub-Size and Miniaturized Charpy Specimens. NIST Technical Note 1865.
21
Upper shelf behaviour
(KVBx10)/(KV10xB)
1.2
4340L
4340H
T200
X52
X65
X70
X100
1.0
KV10 > 400 J
0.8
0.6
0.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
KV10/B [kN]
22
400
U
350
<450MPa
=500-550MPa
U
300
=
=600-700MPa
ISO/DIN
U
80
U
>800MPa
250
U
30°
Pa
Pa
M
0
= 45
200
CVISO J
r = 2 mm
CVASTM J
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
30°
50
r = 8 mm
100
300
C
J
12 VASTM
U MPa
350
400
2
The ASTM
hammer show
for high
toughness
higher energies
than the ISO
hammer
4
150
ASTM
CV [J] ISO
U
0
M
450
500
CV [J] ASTM E23
23
energy conversion
Full size
[J]
10
14
16
18
20
22
27
34
41
48
54
60
68
76
86
100
3/4
[J]
7
10
12
13
15
16
20
25
31
36
40
45
51
57
65
75
2/3
[J]
7
9
11
12
13
15
18
23
27
32
36
40
45
51
57
66
1/2
[J]
5
7
8
9
10
11
13
17
20
24
27
30
34
38
43
49
1/3
[J]
3
5
5
6
7
7
9
11
14
16
18
20
22
25
27
31
1/4
[J]
2
3
4
4
5
5
7
8
10
12
13
14
16
18
19
20
temperature adjustment
Thickness
Full size
3/4
2/3
1/2
1/3
1/4
Adjustment [°C]
0
8
11
20
34
45
24
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25