Detailed Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction
The Concept of Intellectual Property
3
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
4
History
Mission and Activities
Structure
Administration
Membership
Constitutional Reform
Wider Consultation and Outreach
4
5
7
8
9
9
12
Chapter 2
Fields of Intellectual Property Protection
Patents
17
Introduction
Conditions of Patentability
Drafting and Filing a Patent Application
Examination of a Patent Application
Infringement
Exploitation of the Patented Invention
Compulsory Licenses
Utility Models
17
17
22
24
27
33
34
40
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WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use
Copyright and Related Rights
40
Introduction
Copyright Protection
Subject Matter of Copyright Protection
Rights Comprised in Copyright
Related Rights
Ownership of Copyright
Limitations on Copyright Protection
Piracy and Infringement
Remedies
Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions
Trends and Experiences in the Protection of TCEs
Conceptual and Policy Questions
Recent and Possible Future Developments
40
41
42
43
46
49
50
51
52
56
64
66
67
Trademarks
67
Introduction
Definitions
Signs Which May Serve as Trademarks
Criteria of Protectability
Protection of Trademark Rights
Use Requirements
Trademark Registration
Removal of the Trademark from the Register
Trademark Piracy, Counterfeiting and Imitation of Labels and Packaging
Change of Ownership
Trademark Licensing
Trade Names
Franchising
Character Merchandising
67
68
70
71
77
77
79
82
90
92
94
96
97
105
Industrial Designs and Integrated Circuits
112
Industrial Designs
Integrated Circuits
112
118
Geographical Indications
120
Introduction
Protection of Geographical Indications on the National Level
Protection of Geographical Indications on the International Level through
Multilateral Treaties
Protection of Geographical Indications on the International Level through
the Provisions of Bilateral Agreements
120
122
129
Protection Against Unfair Competition
130
Introduction
The Need for Protection
The Legal Basis for Protection
The Acts of Unfair Competition
130
132
133
136
124
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Chapter 3
The Role of Intellectual Property in Development and WIPO’s Development
Cooperation Program
Objectives of Developing Countries
163
Industrial Property and Development
164
Industrial Property Protection and Development
Inventions, Technology and Development
164
166
The Promotion of Innovation
168
Introduction
A Global Approach to Establishing Innovation and Invention Support
Structures or Services
Implementing and Managing Innovation and Invention Support
Structures and Services
Innovation Center or Innovation Support Network
168
Licensing and the Transfer of Technology
172
Introduction
The Commercial Transfer and Acquisition of Technology
Negotiation of Licensing Agreements
Remuneration
Types of Intellectual Property Licenses
Government Control of Licensing Agreements
172
172
178
184
188
193
Copyright and Development
195
The Development Cooperation Program of WIPO
196
Introduction
Objectives
Development Cooperation in Relation to Intellectual Property
The WIPO Worldwide Academy
196
196
197
202
169
170
170
Chapter 4
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights
Enforcement of Industrial Property Rights, Copyright and
Related Rights
207
Introduction
Enforcement of Industrial Property Rights in General
Enforcement of Patent Rights
Enforcement of Copyright and Related Rights
Activities Within WIPO Concerning Enforcement
Enforcement Provisions of the TRIPS Agreement
207
208
211
213
219
220
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WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use
Intellectual Property Litigation
220
Introduction
Review of Industrial Property Office Decisions
Infringement Actions
Remedies
220
220
225
228
Arbitration and Mediation of Intellectual Property Disputes
230
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Enforcement in the International Context
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center
WIPO Internet Domain Name Dispute Resolution
230
231
232
234
Chapter 5
International Treaties and Conventions on Intellectual Property
The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
241
History
Principal Provisions
Administrative and Financial Provisions
241
242
259
The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and
Artistic Works
262
History
Principal Provisions
The Latest (Paris) Act of the Convention
Administration
Developing Countries and the Berne Convention
262
262
265
266
267
The WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT)
269
Introduction
Legal Nature of the WCT and its Relationship with Other International
Treaties
Substantive Provisions of the WCT
Administrative Provisions
269
269
270
276
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
276
Introduction
The Functioning of the PCT System
Advantages of the PCT System
276
278
282
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The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit
of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure
285
Background to the Treaty
Summary of the Treaty
Main Advantages of the Treaty
285
285
286
The Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of
Marks and the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement
287
Introduction
The Functioning of the System of International Registration
Becoming Party to the Agreement or Protocol
Advantages of the System
287
288
292
292
The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit
of Industrial Designs
293
Introduction
The Principle of International Deposit
Main Provisions of the Hague Agreement
Benefits of Accession to the Hague Agreement
The Geneva Act of the Hague Agreement
293
293
293
295
296
The Trademark Law Treaty (TLT)
297
Introduction
Provisions of the Treaty and the Regulations
297
297
The Patent Law Treaty (PLT)
301
Introduction
Provisions of the Treaty and the Regulations
Advantages of the PLT
301
301
305
Treaties on Classification
305
Introduction
The Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent
Classification
The Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods
and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks
The Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of
the Figurative Elements of Marks
The Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification
for Industrial Designs
305
305
308
311
313
Special Conventions in the Field of Related Rights: The International
Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms
and Broadcasting Organizations (the “Rome Convention”)
314
Introduction
Relation Between the Protection of Related Rights and Copyright
Principal Provisions
314
315
316
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WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use
The Implementation of the Rome Convention
The Rome Convention and Developing Countries
319
319
Other Special Conventions in the Field of Related Rights
320
The Other Special Conventions
Reasons for and Purposes of the Special Conventions
Main Features of the Special Conventions
Substantive Provisions of the Phonograms Convention
Substantive Provisions of the Satellites Convention
The Phonograms and Satellites Conventions and Developing Countries
320
321
322
323
323
324
The WIPO Performance and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT)
325
Introduction
Legal Nature of the WPPT and its Relationship with Other International
Treaties
Substantive Provisions of the WPPT
Administrative Provisions
Audiovisual Performances
325
325
326
331
331
The International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties
of Plants
331
Introduction
The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
(UPOV)
The 1991 Act of the UPOV Convention
Developments in Plant Variety Protection
331
332
335
345
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(“TRIPS”) and WIPO-WTO Cooperation
345
Introduction
General Provisions, Basic Principles and Final Provisions (Parts I and VII)
Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual
Property Rights (Part II)
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (Part III)
Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related
Procedures (Part IV)
Dispute Prevention and Settlement (Part V)
Cooperation between the World Intellectual Property Organization and the
World Trade Organization
345
347
Progressive Development of International Intellectual Property Law
360
Introduction
The Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions for the Protection of
Well-Known Marks
The Joint Recommendation Concerning Trademark Licenses
The Joint Recommendation Concerning the Protection of Marks, and Other
Industrial Property Rights in Signs, on the Internet
360
349
355
356
357
357
361
361
362
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Chapter 6
Administration and Teaching of Intellectual Property
Administration of Industrial Property
367
Introduction
Administrative Structure in the Industrial Property Office
The Patent Office
The Trademark Office
The Industrial Designs Office
Intergovernmental Cooperation
367
368
369
372
375
376
Administration Of Copyright and Related Rights
386
The Role of Public Authorities in Copyright and Related Rights
Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights
386
387
The Patent and Trademark Attorney
401
Introduction
The Functions of a Patent Agent
Corporate Patent Attorneys
Associations of Patent Agents
The Functions of a Trademark Agent
Skills and Knowledge of a Patent Agent
401
401
411
413
415
420
The Teaching of Intellectual Property Law
421
Introduction
Intellectual Property Teaching Programs
Selecting Intellectual Property Courses
Choosing Teaching Materials and Writing a Syllabus
Teaching Methods and Educational Strategies
The Role of Teachers in the Legislative Process
Training and Research Institutes for Intellectual Property
Conclusion
421
422
425
426
428
429
430
431
Chapter 7
Technological and Legal Developments in Intellectual Property
Computer Programs
435
Introduction
Brief History of the Protection of Computer Programs
Protection of Computer Programs under Patents
Protection of Computer Programs under Copyright
International Norms Concerning Copyright Protection of Computer Programs
National Legislation on the Protection of Computer Programs
Creation and Use of Works by Means of Computers
Databases
435
436
436
436
437
437
439
441
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WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use
Biotechnology
442
Introduction
Adoption and Dissemination
Need for Protection
Existing Protection
Traditional Knowledge
442
443
444
445
446
Reprography
448
Reprography and Intellectual Property
Audio and Video Recording
448
449
Communication Technologies
450
Introduction
Satellites
Cable Distribution
Digital Distribution Systems
The Internet
Electronic Commerce
450
451
453
454
455
455
A Complementary Approach to the Development of Intellectual Property
Norms
457
WIPO Internet Domain Name Processes
WIPO’s Global Network
Standing Committees and Advisory Bodies
Bibliography
457
459
459