NEMA Standards Publication No. SM 23

advertisement
NEMA Standards Publication No. SM 23-1991(R1997,R2002)
Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service
Published by:
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847
Rosslyn, VA 22209
O Copyright 2002 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including
translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the international and Pan
American Copyright Conventions.
NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER
The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of
persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was
developed, Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement
among every person participating in the development of this document.
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline
publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a
voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together
volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered
by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote
fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not
independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or
the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications.
NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature
whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly
resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA
disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or
completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty
that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs.
NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or
seller’s products or services by virtue of this standard or guide.
In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render
professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA
undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone
using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate,
seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care
in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this
publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for
additional views or information not covered by this publication.
NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the
contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or
installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of
compliance with any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be
attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the
statement.
O
.
.
~
~
STQ-NEMA
SM 23-ENGL 1991
6470247 0524297 714
m
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREwom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sectkn 1
sectm2
.............................................
....................
.....................................
...........................................
.......................................
....................................
CiassiñedbyExhaustcaiditiasis..............................
.
-N
Tiabmc ..................................
CoadensingTUrbinc ...................................
classified by Number of Stages and Coam1Valves ....................
SingleValveSingieSEagC'Iirrbint ............................
Single Vaive MuuistegeMine .............................
Multi*
sil@ stage m
i
n
e ............................
Muitivaive Muitisiage'ïixòine .............................
C i a s s i ñ d b y ~ N e e d s................................
controlled (Alumtic) Exeraction Turbine .......................
NoncwtrolletiExtractiosi nlrbhw ............................
Noacontrolled Induction 'linbine ............................
CmmUed InQiCtim(Mixdnesslire) M e .....................
InductimExtractionTirrbine ..............................
SteamIIiabinecctUl~ts..................................
Turbinecasmg .......................................
SteamInletEndseCtion .................................
ExhaustEI?dstction ...................................
Irlemedia&sactiw ...................................
Steam Chest (GOV~IIKN
vahe Body) ............................
SteamRing .........................................
Nozzles ...........................................
StatiomyReveEngBladcs ................................
StationaryRevczsingCham~ ..............................
Diciphragm .........................................
sw.nlrbirbe ........................................
ImpuIseStage ......................................
ReactianStage ......................................
shaftseals .........................................
casingshaftseals .....................................
Intemagestlaftseals ..................................
BearingHousing ......................................
Bearings ...........................................
RacüaiBcarings .....................................
ThnistBearings .....................................
AntitÌiCtianBearings ...................................
RotorAssembly .......................................
wheels@iscs) .........................................
Biades(Buckets) ........................................
Shroud .............................................
Handvalve@) .........................................
RotectiveDevice .......................................
COnmhgDevi~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ExtemalcontrolDevice ....................................
WamingDeVice ........................................
SCOPE
REFERENCEDSTANDARDS AND DEPlNlïïONS
RefaencedSEancbrrds
Definithm
CONSTRUCTION
'I)pesofSteamT
PiSc
i
ii
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
plr
sectlocr2
...................................
Sentinel W h g Valve
soleplate(s) ..........................................
Basephte .........................................
FeatmsandAccessan?es
...................................
BasicFeaMesaQd...............................
OptiOnalFeaMesandAccessorics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c o n t r o n e d ~ ~ a n d c o n t r o l l ?Itrrbines
e d ~ .................
Ncmwntroiled Exüacîh Turbhes
.............................
Nonconp.olled InductiaiIlabines .............................
?IiirbineRating.........................................
power ............................................
speed ............................................
Ratedspeed .......................................
Maximum continwusspeed ..............................
N d Power end Speed and Steam Caiditions .....................
Stcamconditiaas: ......................................
MinimwnSteam(hKiibS ...............................
MaximumStcamconditions ..............................
MinimumEnergystcamccmditions ..........................
Inletsteampressure ...................................
ExhaiistSteampressUre .................................
Extraction Steam Rressiire
................................
Induction Steam Pressure ................................
Inlet Steam Tempemure ..................................
ExhaustSteamT~
perame
...............................
..............................
Extiaction SteamTemperatrae
LndpctimSteam Tempgatme
Maximum Mowable Working PressuresandTeanptmtms
DualSteamconditions
..............................
..............
.................................
.............................
..........................
Thermodynamic?Iienns ....................................
SteamRateS .........................................
TheOretidSteamRate .................................
ActualsteamRates ...................................
GuaranteedSteamRate .................................
VauiationsinSteamconditions
Flow Limits for an Automatic Exaaction ? M i h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HowrjmitpforanInductionTurbine
Units of Measurement for Absolute
and Gauge Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
?Iiirbineconnectiais......................................
outputshaftExte~..................................
.....................................
...................................
...........................................
Steamcohus
AuxiliaryconnectionS
LlbiClUb
..................
NonpFessure?lSpeLubncation(Single stage lbbines)
oil Lulnicztred sleeve Beanngs (HarizwEalTiirbines)
G?ease or oillubricatadAntinictionBearings .....................
pressure?lslpeoilLu~
InProduction
Oilnrmpr ........................................
oilReservoir
.................
...............................
.......................................
.......................................
oilcooler ........................................
OilFdt~zs.........................................
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
.
.
S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L
section2
Sedkn 3
b470247 0524299 5 9 7
=
...............................
................................
..........................................
...............................
......................
.....................................
.............................
vi’bration ..........................................
Singlestageïùrbim ..................................
M d t i s t a g e ï ù r b ~ ...................................
clitwspeeds.L...................................
NameplateData .......................................
CONTROLS ..........................................
GoveaningSystem .......................................
SpeedGOmar .......................................
Multivariable Govexnor ...................................
CoatmlMeChanism .....................................
GOvmorconmlled WVe(S) ...............................
Servomom System .....................................
E x t e m a l C d D e v i w ..................................
Speedcbangetlype ...................................
RemoteSetPointQpe ..................................
Valve Actuating..................................
speedchanger .......................................
Speed Govaning System classification ............................
SpeedRange ........................................
Maximums@Rise ....................................
speedvariation .......................................
DeadBand ........................................
stability .........................................
Speed Regulation. Steady State ..............................
steamPressurecaritrd ....................................
PressureRegUlatingSysíea~................................
PressureRegUlatw .....................................
Control MechaniSn .....................................
nessUre Controlled Wves .................................
pressurechanger ......................................
SteadyStatePxess~mRe
guûuion ..............................
PressureReguiatioaiC .
............................
stability ...........................................
pressure control perfamilmce ...............................
Compensated coatrol System .................................
Electronic Governing System .................................
Basic Features ........................................
Accessones .........................................
Control Primiries .....................................
Control of inâuctimor Extracoon ............................
Missing Signai Detection Featrae ............................
SensorRedundancy ...................................
piping and Instnunentation
nwisons for the Esrvin>nment
Eaclosufe
Exposwe to Nanrral Elements
Exposure to Abnonnal Ahnœphedic conditioas
GeneraiRequiremeats
PltsSureandTempemmRanges
......................................
...........................................
Automatic S t a t Controls ...................................
OverSpeeaTnp
Genexal
.
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
ZQ
m
m
20
20
20
m
A)
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
STD.NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL 1991 m b470247 0524300 039
secth4
secSIon5
Sectbn6
sectm7
sectkn8
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
Overspeed'LtipSystem ...................................
OverspeedScnsingD .................................
n i p speed ..........................................
nipvalve ..........................................
Combined 'Ltip and IhrottltValve .............................
overspeednipsystemsetting ...............................
FACIDRYTESTING .....................................
'Iiirbine .............................................
HydroTd ..........................................
NoLoadRUnmngTesc ...................................
SOUNDPñESSUREJEVELS ................................
Gtaeral .............................................
swnd€3essweLev& .....................................
soSmd~LevelMtasuremcntprocedme........................
Camction for BacLgrwnd Noise ...............................
souadResolution .......................................
Instnuneats...........................................
S d A ü e nd o n .......................................
PRapARATI0NFORS"TANDSTORAGE
....................
PRûïECTiON
BasicFeaûues
UanUalTrip
S h i j l p i D g R e ......................................
~
Shipneat ............................................
W i t and Storage of Equipmeat ..............................
INSTALLAIION
In-tion
...........................................
SupervisionOfIaseallation
.......................................
...................................
...........................................
Fouudation .........................................
steam Inlet and Exhaust Piping ...............................
C i e a m n g o f ~ S t e a m P i p i n g.............................
SteamPipingSystems .....................................
I n e t i o n .........................................
........................
...............................
..................................
.................................
....................
..........................................
...........................................
....................................
......................................
Grwting ............................................
FlushingûiiSystem ......................................
OPERATONANDMAINTENANCE ............................
The Piping noblem as Applied to ?brbines
FbmsDue to Stearn Pressure
FbmsDue to Temperatwe
FarcesDue to Dead Weight
AuowaMe Fœces and Moments on Sttam Turbines
DrainPiping
IÆak-ofli
Fuil-FiowReii&Device
CoUptingAlignmcnt
seCtrOn9
In-tim
..........................................
operatioa ............................................
Noncondensin
' g 'hbine opetatianof aMultisragecondensia
. g'Ihrbine ..........
'I)pical SEertmg Seqaence fima Steam nirbine ........................
..........................................
Maintlmance
Intluduction
.........................................
p.pc
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
25
25
25
25
27
n
27
27
28
28
28
29
31
31
31
31
33
33
33
33
33
33
34
36
36
36
36
38
40
41
42
42
42
44
44
44
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
S T D m N E U A SU 23-ENGL 1991
SeCtknS
Sacth10
6470247 0524303 T75
pige
UitemalWaterWashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
steamhinty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INQUIRYGUIDE.. .....................................
52
52
67
S T D * N E M A SU 23-ENGL L99L
9 6470247 052430il 7 D l W
Foreword
Ilhis standard has been developed by the Steam "wbiine Section of NEMA. In its preparation
andrevision,considaationbas been given to the work of other organizations. such as the American
National Standards institute, the American Peuoleum institute, the AmericanBoiler Manufacturas
Association, and the Amencan
. SoCiety of Mechanical Engineers, striving toward the deveiopment
ofstandards,anddtishaebygiventoaii whosesiandardsmayhavebeenh~~inthepreparatian
of this publication.
nK purpose of this standard f a singie stage and multistagemechanid drive steam turbines is
to faciiitate the appiication of the.se turbines by engineers, users, aad conuactas, to promote
ecwomieS m driving rotalhg mechanical equipment, and to assist in the proper seiection and
app~ofthedifferingmechantcaldesigns of turbines.
NEMA Standards P u b l i a SM 23-1991revises and SupeISedes the NEMA StandardsPubliCation Steam Turbinesfor Me~hanicalz)rive S e M e , SM 23-1985.
User needs have been considertd throughout the development of this standard. Proposed M
recommmdedrevisions should be submitted to:
Vice Resident,Engineering Depamnent
NationalEiecaicalManufacturersAssociation
2101 L S l E a Nw,suite 300
Washnigton,DC 20037
(202)457-8400
1
S T D - N E M A SU 23-ENGL L99L
ii
b 4 7 0 2 4 7 0524303 848
Download