Exams will be returned 15 minutes before end.
RESULTS:
A: B: C: D: F:
% of class got As and Bs – CONGRATS!
% got a D or less
If your grade is what you want,
keep up the good work!
If not, see me for advice.
OFFICE HOURS:
M/W 1-2; T/Th 11-12 or by appointment
Comprehensive Final Exam
This exam is optional – if you take it, it will replace the lowest of these
equally weighted grades: Total Quiz Average, Exam 1, Exam 2
Note: It cannot replace your grade for Exam 3.
Remember, your grade is determined by the average of four grades:
Exam 1, 2, 3, and Quiz Average.
The Comprehensive Final replaces the lowest of those 4
(even if your grade on the comprehensive exam is lower! So don’t take it
unless you know you’ll do better!)
The content for the optional comprehensive exam comes ENTIRELY from
the Pass Sheets for Exam 1 and 2.
To decide if you should take the optional comprehensive final exam,
please come see me during office hours or by appointment to “run your
numbers” and see how it will help. If you decide to take this exam, you
will do so on the same day and time as Exam 3 (or IF you make
arrangements personally with me ahead of time, you can take it any other
time I offer exams during Finals Week).
Like all exams, pass sheets are required tickets for entry!
WARNING!! Don’t let the comp final prevent your studying for Exam 3.
EXAM RETURN
EXAM RETURN
Most important!
You cannot keep the exams.
You may keep only the
Pass Questions portion.
Please return rest to me
before you leave the room!
If you would like to review the exam further
AND/OR
ask questions on the exam
AND/OR
ask questions on the grading
AND/OR
discuss ways to improve
PLEASE COME BY MY OFFICE!!
EXAM RETURN
Grades are posted in hallway display case
outside S45 (lab room).
Please review for accuracy.
Listing is ordered by grade, and each
student is identified by the last 4 digits of
your student number.
I dropped your two
lowest quiz scores already!
1
Turbidite Beds in Zumaya, Spain
Which came first?
Trinity Alps – Northern California
2
Disconformity
Erosion of
Sedimentary Rocks
3
Eroding Metamorphic
Rocks
Turn to Neighbor:
Explain Pictures
How does each
form?
Unconformities ANIMATION
4
Grand Canyon Stratigraphy
Erosion in progress
Kaibab Limestone
Toroweap Formation
Grand Canyon Stratigraphy
THE GRAND
CANYON
360 Ma
Limestone (Redwall): Thin-bedded, fine-grained
limestone; cliff-forming; marine fossils
Setting: Marine deposits, far from shore, <300 ft deep
Coconio Sandstone
Hermit Shale
Supai Group
Limestone (Muav): Thin to thick-bedded, mottled
limestone; cliff-forming; marine fossils
Setting: Marine deposits, far from shore
390 Ma
Disconformity
Redwall Limestone
Disconformity
Muav Limestone
Shale (Bright Angel): Thin-bedded mudstone and
find-grained sandstone; slope-forming; marine fossils
Setting: Marine deposits, off-shore
Bright Angel Shale
Tapeats Sandstone
Angular Unconformity
500 Ma
Sandstone (Tapeats): Coarse grained (pea-sized)
sandstone and conglomerate; cliff-forming
Setting: Marine, near-shore beach and sand bar
Tilting
Unkar Group
504 Ma
Nonconformity
Zoroaster Granite
Vishnu Schist
1.6 Ga
1.3 Ga
Granite (Zoroaster): Pegmatite
Setting: Deep under Continental Volcanoes – likely
Subduction zones
Schist (Vishnu):
5
The Great Unconformity –Zoroaster Granite (shot through with pegmatite veins)
and Gneiss underlying a horizontal sandstone layer – The Grand Canyon
The Great Unconformity –Zoroaster Granite (shot through with pegmatite veins)
and Gneiss underlying a horizontal sandstone layer – The Grand Canyon
Pegmatite – Zoroaster
Granite (shot through
with pegmatite veins)
– The Grand Canyon
X-Sxn A Stratigraphy
Basalt dike A
Limestone
Sandy limestone
Lithic sandstone
Conglomerate
Dis/nonconformity
Reverse fault
Basalt dike B
Granite
Shale B
Sandy shale
Quartz sandstone
Arkose
Shale A
6
X-Sxn B Stratigraphy
Erosion in progress
Glacial till
Siltstone
Shale
Sandstone or Dike
Lava flow
Angular unconformity
Tilt
A
E
B
C
F
X-Sxn C Stratigraphy
Erosion in progress, by river
that is still present
SSC
Angular unconformity
Tilting
SSB
Disconformity
Siltstone
Transgression /
Regression
ANIMATION
Limestone
Basalt
Sandy shale
Angular unconformity
Granite or Normal Fault A
Granodiorite or Tilt
Reverse Fault B
Sandstone
Shale
Conglomerate
SSA
7
3.5-Million-Year-Old
Fly in Amber
Saber-Toothed Cat Skeleton
8
Ancient Worm Burrows
Footprint in
Volcanic
Ash
Review Week 1 Geologic Time Scale & Earth History
9
Division
Begin
End
Cenozoic
65 Ma
Present
Mesozoic
245 Ma
65 Ma
Paleozoic
570 Ma
245 Ma
Mass extinction (including
dinosaurs)
Mass extinction
570 Ma
Hard parts
Precambrian 4.6 Ga
End Event
Action/Environment
Order
Action/Environment
Order
Dinosaurs first appear
12
Earliest evidence of
photosynthesis
5
Trilobites first appear
9
Earth formed
1
Earliest evidence of life
with hard parts
8
Opening of Atlantic ocean
(Pangea breaks up)
14
Earliest evidence of
multicellular life
7
Dinosaurs go extinct
16
Earliest evidence of life
moving onto land
11
Earliest evidence of life
(prokaryotes)
4
Pangea came into
existence.
13
Earliest evidence of rocks
(hard crust)
2
Oceans first appear
(water)
3
Eukaryotes first appear
(nucleus in cells)
6
Mammals first appear
15
Fishes first appear
10
10
START
90
Th
232
78
Pt
208
END
82
Pb
208
- 6 alpha particles
- 6 (2 n + 2 p+)
-12 n – 12 p+
- 4 beta particles
- 4n + 4 p+
Radioactive
Decay Worksheet
Review on own at
home!
# Halflives
Fraction of original
Parent remaining
1
½
½
1:1
2
¼
¾
1:3
Fraction of original
parent turned into
daughter
Parent:Daughter
ratio
3
1/8
7/8
1:7
4
1/16
15/16
1:15
5
1/32
31/32
1:31
6
1/64
63/64
1:63
Radiometric Dating Worksheet
Review on own at home!
11
P:D Ratio = 1:3
Therefore, # half-lives = 2
1 Half-Life = 10,000 years
Therefore, how old is rock?
Turn to Neighbor:
Solve this problem
Ratio of Parent to Daughter in a
rock is 1:1. Half-Life of Parent
Daughter pair is 1 m.y. How old
is the rock?
20,000 years old!
Explain Open and
Closed Systems
What does the date of an igneous
rock mean?
What does the date of a metamorphic
rock mean?
What does the date of a sedimentary
rock mean?
12
Parent
(P)
Daughter
(D)
Half-lives
(T1/2)
Materials dated
U-238
Pb-206
4.5 x 109 yr
Zircon (igneous rocks)
U-235
Pb-207
0.7 x 109 yr
Zircon (igneous rocks)
K-40
Ar-40
1.4 x
C-14
N-14
5700 yr
109
yr
Micas, volcanic rock
(igneous, metamorphic
rocks)
Shells, limestone,
organic materials
We have now completed this week’s question sheet.
On your own, review each question again.
I recommend that you write out your answers
(synthesize your thoughts and notes and put the
answers into your own words).
If something doesn’t make sense or to just get some
feedback, come see the tutors or me during my office
hours.
Remember: half of next week’s quiz will contain any
question from the question sheet.
13
14