EEI Fall Meeting, October 2013 – Charleston, SC
HVDC and FACTS Using MultiLevel Voltage Source Converters
Brian Gemmell, PhD – Director of Sales, Transmission Solutions
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HVDC Technology Applications
Continuous Technological Improvements
HVDC “Classic”
HVDC “Bulk”
HVDC “VSC”
 500 – 660 kV
 up to 4,200 MW
 800 kV for minimal
transmission losses
 5,000 – 8,000 MW
 VSC: VoltageSourced Converter
 up to 1,000 MW
B2B – The Short Link
Back-to-Back
Station
AC
HVDC-LDT – Long-Distance Transmission
Submarine Cable Transmission
AC
AC
AC
DC Cable
Long-Distance OHL
Transmission
AC
AC
DC Line
For decades, voltage and capacity continuously increased!
Page 2
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HVDC Technology
Comparison of HVDC Classic & HVDC VSC
Page 3
HVDC Classic
HVDC VSC
Line-commutated
current-sourced Converter
Self-commutated
voltage-sourced Converter
Thyristor with turn-on Capability
Only
Semiconductor Switches with turn-on
and turn-off Capability, e.g. IGBTs
Harmonic Filters, Conveter
Transformers, Large Footprint
No Harmonic Filters, Conventional AC
Transformers, Compact Footprint, Black
Start & Independent Active/Reactive
Power Control
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2-Level Voltage-Sourced Converter
with Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)
The “Old Solution”
Typically, the Filter Demand of an HV PWM 2-Level Converter is QF = 0.2 - 0.3 Pd
Page 4
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Voltage-Sourced Converter with
Power Modules: Modular Multilevel Converter – MMC
The “New Solution”
v
v
FACTS: 20 Levels *
HVDC: 200-300 Levels *
* typ. – plus Redundancy
* SVC PLUS: only HF Filtering
Page 5
* HVDC PLUS: no AC Filters required
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HVDC PLUS – with Modular Multilevel Converter
… controlled by Voltage Sources
HVDC PLUS: “Half Bridge”
or “Full Bridge” Solution
+
+
SVC PLUS: “Full Bridge”
Solution
Page 6
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Simplified HVDC PLUS Single Line Diagram
Symmetrical Configuration
DC
AC
AC
System A
System B
Controls, Protection, Monitoring
To/ from
other
terminal
1
Page 7
2
3
4
5
1.
AC Switchyard
2.
Transformers
3.
Star Point Reactor
4.
Insertion Resistor
5.
Power Modules
6.
Converter Reactor
6
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Benefits of HVDC PLUS
Space
Saving
HVDC PLUS
Example 400 MW
Page 8
HVDC
“Classic”
PowerEnergy
Transmission
Solutions
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2013 All rights
reserved.
Trans Bay Cable Project
Security of Supply for San Francisco Area
=
~
=
Transmission
Constraints before TBC
Transmission
Constraints after TBC
Power Exchange
by Sea Cable
No Increase in
Short-Circuit Power
Page 9
=
~
=
Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks
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Trans Bay Cable Project
Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks
P = 400 MW
Q = +/- 170-300 MVAr
Dynamic Voltage Support
© Hawkeye Photography
Page 10
© Siemens
Energy,
Restricted © Siemens
Energy
2013 All Inc.
rights2013
reserved.
ENTSO-E’s Ten-Year Network Development Plan
Three main Drivers:
 Offshore Wind
 Interconnections
 Solar Plan – Desertec
Long-term Prospects
for European DC
Super Grid(s)
Page 11
© Siemens
Energy,
Restricted © Siemens
Energy
2013 All Inc.
rights2013
reserved.
HVDC PLUS INELFE:
World’s first VSC HVDC with 2 x 1,000 MW
Power Exchange &
Increase in Stability
Sharing of
Reserve Capacity
No Increase in
Short-Circuit Power
INELFE
Customer:
RTE and REE
2014
World’s 1st VSC HVDC
with 2 x 1,000 MW –
each @ VDC = +/- 320 kV
Cable: XLPE, 65 km
Page 12
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HVDC PLUS: SylWin1, Germany – World’s first
Offshore MMC with 864 MW, BorWin2 and HelWin1&2
2014
2015
+/- 320 kV
864 MW
SylWin1
HelWin2
=
=
~
=
=
~
=
HelWin1
~
=
+/- 250 kV
576 MW
+/- 320 kV
690 MW
=
~
BorWin2
=
+/- 300 kV
800 MW
=
=
=
Page 13
~
~
== ~ =
~
=
=
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Platforms with unmatched dimensions:
HelWin1 – from Shipyard to Offshore
Three tugboats were needed to tow the converter platform, weighing 12,000 tons, to its location. After
seven days at sea, covering 990 kilometers, HelWin1 finally reached its installation destination
HelWin1 is designed for decades of operation
in the rugged North Sea and will be monitored
and controlled from land when it has been
commissioned
Page 14
* Source: Siemens 08-2013
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HelWin1 –
576 MW
HelWin1 is a floating jack-up platform - the
supports are lowered and connected to the
supporting structure, and the platform is
then raised using a hydraulic jacking
system
Page 15
Source: Siemens 08-2013
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Comparison of Half and Full Bridge
Power Modules
Half Bridge Power Module*
Full Bridge Power Module**
PM Electronics
IGBT21
IGBT11
D11
IGBT22
IGBT12
D12
* The Solution for Cable
Transmission w/o OHL
Page 16
D21
D22
** For Transmission with
OHL with or w/o Cable
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Success Factors for DC-Line Fault Recovery
with VSC – using MMC PLUS Full Bridge proven Technology
Since 2009 …
81 Full Bridge Converters
and … 14 Half Bridge Converters
in commercial Application /
under Project Execution
95 Modular Multilevel
Converters with Siemens PLUS
Technology
Status: 08-2013
26 x Sitras® SFC plus
… same Power Modules
52 x SVC PLUS®
Page 17
3 x Sitras® SVC plus
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Simplified SVC PLUS Single Line
1
SVC PLUS Converter
3
HV
2
Coupling Reactor
MV
3
Switchgear
4 High Frequency Blocking Filter
(if applicable)
5
Control
4
2
1
5
Page 18
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SVC PLUS in Detail
Insight view
Cooling system
Page 19
Converter
Control & Protection
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SVC PLUS vs. SVC Classic
V / I characteristic
Vprim(pu)
1.5
1.0
continuous operating
area SVC PLUS
time limited operating area
SVC PLUS (2x 1sec)
0.5
continuous operating
area classic SVC
time limited operating area
classic SVC
-1.5
capacitive
Page 20
-1.0
-0.5
0
Iprim(pu)
0.5
1.0
1.5
inductive
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Kikiwa 2 x 50MVAr @ 220kV SVC PLUS (New
Zealand)
Page 21
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Thoughts on North American VSC Market
Technology Benefits
 Superior performance from IGBT compared to thyristors, no harmonic impacts,
compact footprint, independent real/reactive power control, black start
capabilities, etc
Application Opportunities
 Shunt Compensation
 STATCOM – Excellent market opportunities, now competing directly with
SVC (superior undervoltage and overload capabilities)
 HVDC Transmission
 Back-to-Back Links – Some Market Opportunities
 Long Distance Cable Links – Excellent Market Opportunities
 Long Distance Overhead Links – For power ratings <2,000MW
 Multi-Terminal Links – Full-Bridge VSC facilitating early deliberations
opportunities
Page 22
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Many Thanks for Your Attention
CONTACT:
Dr. Brian Gemmell
Phone: (407) 736-3848
Cell: (407) 280-4153
brian.gemmell@siemens.com
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