Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy Policy

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The Gallup Organization Flash EB N o

206a – EU Energy Policy

Flash Eurobarometer

European

Commission

Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy

Policy

Analytical report

Fieldwork:

February 2007

Report:

April 2007

This survey was requested by Directorate-General for Energy and Transport and coordinated by Directorate General Communication

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission.

Annex, page 1

The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

Flash EB N o


Flash EB Series #206

Attitudes on issues related to

EU Energy Policy

Conducted by

The Gallup Organization, Hungary upon the request of the

Directorate-General for Energy and Transport

Survey organised and managed by the

Eurobarometer Team of Directorate-General

“ Communication ”

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission.

The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

T

HE

G

ALLUP

O

RGANIZATION

The Gallup Organization page 2



Table of contents

Table of contents ..................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4

Main findings .......................................................................................................................................... 5

1. Climate change and energy use ........................................................................................................... 7

2. Personal consequences ........................................................................................................................ 9

2.1 Current behaviour.......................................................................................................................... 9

2.2 Anticipated change over the next decade .................................................................................... 11

2.3 Government assistance desired ................................................................................................... 12

2.4 Nuclear energy ............................................................................................................................ 13

3. Government

’ s role in promoting energy efficiency

.......................................................................... 15

4. The EU and energy issues ................................................................................................................. 17

4.1 Minimum share of renewables .................................................................................................... 18

4.2 Harmonised nuclear safety rules ................................................................................................. 18

4.3 The EU as a single buyer on international energy markets ......................................................... 19

4.4 Energy solidarity in the EU ......................................................................................................... 20

5. Competition in energy ....................................................................................................................... 21

6. Annex tables...................................................................................................................................... 25

7. Survey details .................................................................................................................................... 54

8. Survey questionnaire ......................................................................................................................... 58

Annex, page 3

Flash EB N o

206a – EU Energy Policy The Gallup Organization

Introduction

The data provided herein are the most important findings of the latest Flash Eurobarometer on

"Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy Policy". The study was commissioned by the Directorate-

General for Energy & Transport of the European Commission, carried out under the Flash

Eurobarometer framework and coordinated by The Gallup Organization.

The survey covered all 27 Member States of the European Union on a randomly selected sample of over 25,800 individuals of at least 15 years of age. The interviews were conducted by telephone between February 9 and 15, 2007. More details on the survey are available in the final chapter of this report.

The study was primarily designed to:

-

Understand to what extent citizens link the way energy is produced and used to global climate change;

-

Assess their perceptions regarding various possible actions in saving energy and thus combating climate change;

-

Explore citizens' willingness to involve the EU in resolving these issues. page 4



Main findings

European decision-making, not national

Sixty-two percent of EU citizens believe that the best way to tackle energy-related issues is

“ through measures agreed on at the EU level ” as opposed to “ measures agreed on at a national level

” (an option selected by 32%).

In 22 Member States, the majority prefer EU decision-making with regard to energy issues.

Those preferring decision-making at the national level form the majority in some Eastern

Member States: the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia and Slovakia.

Grave concern about climate change

Half of the EU

’ s citizens are “ very much ”

concerned about the effects of global climate change, and a further 37% say that they are not indifferent about the issue. The level of concern increases significantly as we look further south: people in Spain and Cyprus are the most worried, and people in Estonia are the least worried about climate change.

Citizens are well aware that the way they consume and produce energy in their country has an effect on the climate: only some 13% of Europeans believe that their energy-related activities do not (or do not really) have an impact on the climate.

Energy challenges on the horizon

EU citizens are quite certain that energy prices will increase significantly over the next decade. More than seven out of 10 Europeans feel that they will need to change their energy consumption habits in the next decade, and that they will need to install energy-saving heating, lighting, cooling etc. equipment to keep up with rising prices and to comply with regulations.

Citizens believe that it is essential to have a real choice in the energy market (85%), and that environmental concerns also play a role in their preference for free competition. Currently, less than two in ten EU citizens say they do not pay attention to the energy consumption of household appliances they buy, while almost half of EU citizens reportedly pay a lot of attention to such concerns. When asked what actions citizens would most welcome from authorities in helping them cope with future energy challenges, they most often indicated monetary assistance to upgrade the energy-efficiency of their living space.

It is also very clear that citizens expect their governments to intervene. The desired forms of intervention (e.g. tax incentives, funding research, banning products and technologies that are not up to current energy efficiency standards) vary from Member State to Member State. The bottom line is that only 2% of citizens believe that their government should not do anything about this.

Energy sources

–

a preference for renewables

As mentioned above, a significant majority of Europeans prefer that the EU coordinate decision making with regard to energy issues. Several policy initiatives of the EU also enjoy the support of the majority (and sometimes the overwhelming majority) of citizens. Eighty

Annex, page 5

Flash EB N o

206a – EU Energy Policy The Gallup Organization three percent agree that in each Member State, the EU should set a minimum percentage for energy that must come from renewable sources.

The European public is still strongly opposed to the use of nuclear power; those who are worried about climate change are even more fiercely opposed. At the same time, Europeans almost unanimously (92%) back the introduction of common, high safety requirements for all nuclear installations in the EU. Citizens would definitely prefer that the EU negotiate energy supplies and prices for all Member States (65% vs. 26% who would prefer their government to act independently), although in Bulgaria and Latvia the majority are against such centralisation (in Latvia, only marginally). Europeans expressed a strong level of solidarity on the issue of energy: almost eight out of ten EU citizens agree that in the case of a sudden shortage of oil and gas, the affected Member State should be able to rely on the reserves of other EU countries; only 17% are opposed to this. page 6



1. Climate change and energy use

Energy use and global climate change are linked phenomena; however, this link is not necessarily well understood by all people.

In any case, after an unusually mild winter, only a small minority of Europeans are not concerned about the changing climate of the globe. In fact half (50%) of the citizens in the EU are

“ very much ” concerned about climate change (especially in some Southern countries where a warming climate has the most immediate adverse effects) and a further 37% say they are not indifferent towards the issue.

Concern for climate change and global warming

Yes, very much Yes, to some degree No DK/NA

7 7

7

5

9 12 10

10 13 9 10 15 10 12 12 16 10 10 14

20 16 20 17 22

23 23 24 27

24 22 32

35

34 38 37 34 39 37 37

36

42 42

40

35 42 39

44

39

14

49

17

46

27

39

19 19 19

51 52 57

27 25

48

52

70 70 68 68 65 64

58 55 53 53 52 51 51 50 50

48 48 47 45 44 41

40 40 38 37 34 32

30 28 24 24

20

Q1. Are climate change and global warming a concern for you?

%, Base: all respondents, by country

It is not easy to separate the geographic location from the environmentalist mindset in this respect, but new Member States are clearly less worried than pre-2004 EU countries about the changing climate.

People are definitely less worried about warming in countries with colder climates (only 20% are

“ very much ” concerned in Estonia, 24% in Latvia, 24% in Finland, 28% in the Netherlands and 30% in Sweden). The level of concern increases significantly as we look further south: people in Spain

(70%), Cyprus (79%), Malta (68%) and Greece (68%) are the most concerned.

Climate change is a concern in every segment of European society. Annex Table 1b. shows, however, slight differences across demographical groups. Men are less concerned than women about the changing climate (15% not concerned versus 10%), and the youngest generation is the least likely to care (17% not concerned). Concern about the global climate does not depend on education level.

Those with the most schooling are not much more worried than those who left school at an early age.

The difference in this case of those not concerned is a mere 3 percentage points. Metropolitan citizens are slightly less concerned than those in rural areas. But again, these differences are only marginal, and all European Union citizens, regardless of their socio-economic background, are concerned about the ongoing climate change and the effects of global warming.

Annex, page 7

Flash EB N o


European citizens are not only concerned by climate change but the majority in each country also see a link between the energy production technologies and energy consumption habits in their country and the adverse effects on the climate: 39% of European Union citizens say that the way they produce and use energy has a significant negative impact on the climate, and another 45% say that it has some negative impact.

Awareness of energy production and consumption has a negative impact on climate change and global warming

No, it has almost no negative impact + no negative impact at all

Yes, it has some negative impact

Yes, it has a big negative impact

4

29

63

8

9 9

9 10

11 12 12 12 12

12

13

14

14

15

15

17

17

17 18 18

19

20

20 22

22 25 26

29

33

34

43 51

39

49 49 45 40 45 41 44

47

51

43

60 55 43 46 55

45 42

49

30

53

50 51

52

42

56 48

41 48

39 37

48

39 39 40

45

39 43 38

27

35 36

22 23

30 30

21

30

31

26

38

19

25 24

18

29

11 13 15 12

Q2. Do you think the way we in [COUNTRY] produce and consume energy has a negative impact on climate change and global warming?

%, Base: all respondents, DK/NA not shown

Overall 12% of citizens in the European Union believe that the way they use and produce energy in their country has no or only a very limited effect on the climate (only 5% say that it has no impact at all).

Again, the country with the highest level of awareness is Spain, where almost two thirds of the respondents indicate that their energy-related behaviours have serious negative effects on global warming. The graph above sorts countries by their proportion of persons denying at least some effect of energy use on climate change. Only one in ten or less respondents in Portugal (8%), the UK, Italy,

Ireland (9% all 3) and Slovenia (10%) believe that their energy usage does not affect the climate.

Three times as many citizens in Latvia (34%), Bulgaria (33%) and Estonia (29%) do not see a link between human behaviour and global climate change, but even in these countries the vast majority of citizens think that such a link exists.

The North-South divide is, however, apparent in the intensity of the attributed effect. While Southern countries are more likely to attribute a higher impact of energy production and use in climate change

(the highest proportion of people selecting the

“ big impact ” option were found in Spain, Italy, Greece and France), countries more to the North are most likely to see a less intensive relationship (the

“ some impact

” option was chose n by most respondents in Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Lithuania). It is mere speculation to decide whether it is the relatively more advanced technologies and stronger sense of environmentalism, or the generally lower level of concern that softens the opinions of

Scandinavian/Northern respondents in this question.

Opinions in this question (as in many other questions in this survey) are very solid and differences across various respondent groups are minimal. Men are, however, less likely to establish a link between activities related to energy and climate change than women: 15% of male respondents see only a negligible link or no link at all, as opposed to 10% of females. But there is no significant variation across the age groups, and not even between persons with high and low levels of education: the concept of energy use affecting the climate has penetrated all socio-demographic segments of page 8



European society (see Annex Table 2b.). It is very clear, however, that those who are concerned about the climate are clearly more likely to see a link between human actions and climate change (only 7% of those who are

“ very concerned ” do not see a link) than those who are not worried about the problem (36% in this group do not connect the two issues).

2. Personal consequences

Besides investigating indicators of the relationship between current behaviour and energy consumption/preservation, the survey also asked about the anticipated future consequences of the ongoing climate change for the way energy will be consumed, as well as the desired government assistance in order to help people adapt to new, more efficient methods of energy consumption.

2.1 Current behaviour

Currently, 80% of EU citizens say energy efficiency influences their decision when buying household appliances. Less than two in ten EU citizens say they do not pay attention to the energy consumption of household appliances they buy, while almost half of EU citizens reportedly pay a lot of attention to such concerns (not to be confused with the primary reason to decide on particular equipment).

Influence of energy efficiency on buying household appliances

Very much To some extent Not really

10 15 11

19

14 17 14 16 17 16 16

17 23 19 20

15 19 19 21 20

22

22

20 29

22

32 30 32 29

29 32 33 30 28 32 30 35 32 32 31

31

31

21 18

18

25

18

33

25

30

32

20

31

36

38 47

39

47

32

41

37

35

47

45

66 63 60

54 53 52 52 52 51 50 50 49 48 48 48 48 48 47 46 46

43

42 40

35 35 35 34 33 32 29 28

22

Q6. Does energy efficiency influence your decision when you buy household appliances?

%, Base: all respondents, by county, DK/NA not shown

Energy efficiency is a very important aspect of judging a household appliance especially in Italy (66% say they pay a lot of attention to this parameter), Malta (63%), and Hungary (60%). At least a quarter of citizens say that energy efficiency does not really matter to them when selecting a household appliance in Cyprus (33%), Greece (32%), Sweden (31%), Latvia (30%), the UK and Ireland (25% each).

Again, women are a little bit more sensitive towards this issue than men (16% of women do not pay attention, compared to 21% of males), but there is a much more pronounced difference across the various age groups. Young people are the least concerned about the energy efficiency of a household appliance (36% say they do not really care) while significantly fewer of the young adults (17%), the oldest age group (16%), and especially the middle aged generation (14%) are unconcerned in this respect. Education also has a slight effect, with 14% of the most and 18% of the least educated people paying attention to the energy efficiency of the household appliances they purchase.

Although there is a clear pattern that those who are

“ very much ” concerned about climate change are less likely to buy appliances without assessing the energy-related aspects of the product (13%)

Annex, page 9

Flash EB N o

206a – EU Energy Policy The Gallup Organization compared to those who are less concerned (21%) and especially those who are not concerned (34%), the relationship between the two aspects is not completely clear.

The concerns about climate and energy-conscious consumer behaviour show a statistically significant, but weak correlation at 0.202 (Pearson correlation, significant at the 0.01 level), indicating that concerns and behavioural responses do not automatically go hand-in-hand. page 10



IT

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2.2 Anticipated change over the next decade

Citizens of the EU are convinced that several things are going to change in the foreseeable future with regard to how they consume energy. EU citizens are quite certain that energy prices will increase significantly over the next decade. More than seven out of ten Europeans feel that they will need to change their everyday energy consumption habits in the next decade, and that they will need to install energy-saving heating, lighting, cooling etc. equipment to keep up with rising prices and to comply with regulations.

The effects of climate change on energy consumption in 10 years time

Both propositions that regard the changing

Have to change your everyday energy ways that people consume energy met consumption habits to consume less, e.g.

switching off the lights more often, or

76 heat/cool less, or use the car less often with the highest level of agreement in

Have to change how you heat, light and

Ireland, Cyprus, Malta,

Spain and cool your house or apartment, by installing equipments that save energy

72

Luxembourg. About nine in ten citizens in these countries agree that they will need to change their daily behaviour to use less

Have to pay much more for the energy you use

68 energy, and more than eight in ten also admit

Q3. What effects do you think the ongoing climate change will have on the way you consume energy in 10 years time? Do you think you will …

Base: all respondents that they will most % of ” Yes ” probably have to change the technology they are using to make their living space comfortable.

Significantly increased prices are most anticipated in Germany and Austria, and by far the least in

Greece and Cyprus.

The effects of climate change on energy consumption in 10 years time

Have to change everyday energy consumption habit s

58

57

53

52

50

50

69

67

67

64

62

62

59

81

80

79

70

78

92

92

88

87

87

87

86

84

84

Have to change how you heat/ light/cool your house/ apartment

PT

SI

DK

BG

HU

DE

FR

BE

LU

AT

SK

NL

RO

EE

CZ

SE

LT

LV

PL

FI

CY

IE

MT

ES

UK

IT

EL

57

55

54

52

52

46

63

62

70

69

62

58

58

74

73

72

72

71

91

89

86

85

83

82

81

80

79

Have to pay much more for the energy you use

UK

SI

SE

PT

ES

MT

LU

PL

LT

DK

FI

EE

IT

BE

BG

FR

RO

NL

CY

EL

DE

AT

IE

CZ

SK

LV

HU

27

26

52

52

50

49

66

65

65

64

64

61

59

74

72

70

68

67

88

83

81

80

78

76

76

75

74

Q3. What effects do you think the ongoing climate change will have on the way you consume energy in 10 years time? Do you think you will …

Base: all respondents

% of ” Yes ” , by county

Annex, page 11

Flash EB N o


Men and women are about equally convinced that they will have to upgrade the technologies they use for heating/cooling, and they are also evenly anticipating a significant increase in energy prices, but men are somewhat less likely than women to admit that their everyday energy consumption behaviour will have to change as well (still, the overwhelming majority have no doubt, see Annex Table 3b.).

Respondents from the eldest age group are less likely to anticipate changing technology, and they are the most worried about skyrocketing energy prices.

Those who are

“ very much ” concerned about climate change are the mos t likely to anticipate change in their energy consuming behaviour and technology, those who have only modest concerns are somewhat less likely to foresee such changes over the next decade, while only a slight majority of those who are not currently concerned believe that they will have to adapt their consumption habits to new circumstances. The anticipations are however different in relation to prices: even those who otherwise care least about climate change absolutely anticipate significantly increasing prices (63%), and there is no difference in this respect between those with some concerns and high concerns: in both groups seven out of ten respondents believe that energy prices will be much higher than they are today.

2.3 Government assistance desired

The survey offered three typical actions through which authorities might encourage and assist people to use less energy, or to use energy more efficiently. At the EU-level, the most popular method of assistance was financial contribution by authorities for upgrading household technologies for more energy efficiency (e.g. fixing leaking windows, or installing solar collectors); this is the choice of 48% of Europeans. 25% would welcome more information, in the first place, as to how they can save more energy, and only 21% expect the government to restrict access to non-energy efficient solutions, by imposing stricter energy efficiency standards on products in circulation (which would be the case with the ban of traditional light bulbs).

[NATIONALITY] government should do to help people to reduce their energy consumption

Adopt stricter efficiency standards for energy consuming equipment

Provide more information on efficient use of energy

Subsidise energy efficient solutions, for example in the homes

6

13 20 17

15

16 15

19 19 15

13

23

14

20

15

16 18

25 22 26

21 21 24 22

13

27

21

28

21 31 21

24

24

21 20

22

14

19

20

21 18 22 23 22

18 18 28

19 25

26 25

27

22

32

23 29 27 28 30

29 34 35 35

38

76

58 58 57 57 55 54 53 52 52 52 52 51 50 49

48 48 48 48 47

47

47 47 44 42 42 40 38

33 32 32

26

Q5. What do you think the [NATIONALITY] government should do to help people to reduce their energy consumption? Please select the most important one!

%, Base: all respondents, “ nothing ” , “ other ” , “ DK/NA ” not shown

In all but four Member States the direct subsidies of energy efficient solutions are the most preferred form of assistance. The four countries where information provision came in front of monetary assistance are Poland (38% desire more information), Lithuania (35%), Estonia (35%), and nominally in Portugal (34%). Adopting stricter efficiency standards are relatively the most popular actions in

Germany (31% prefer such interventions), Poland (28%) and Ireland (24%). And the preference for page 12


206a – EU Energy Policy financial assistance is the most widespread in Hungary (70% indicated this answer), France, the

Netherlands (both 58%), Cyprus and Slovakia (both 57%).

Annex Table 5b. shows that men are somewhat more in favour of financial contribution, while there are a greater proportion of women who want to have more information. The younger a respondent is the more likely he or she is to be interested in information. The desire to receive financial assistance is the highest in the two middle cohorts, who consider this method to have the greatest potential to implement such technological upgrades, subsidised from taxpayers

’ money.

Education level also has an effect on this question: the better educated the respondent is the less he or she calls for informational assistance and the more he or she supports stricter standards for energy using products.

Urban respondents are less likely than others to desire subsidies to improve the energy efficiency of their homes.

2.4 Nuclear energy

While nuclear energy could help to reduce CO

2

emissions significantly and by this positively affect the tendencies causing the ongoing climate change, the European public (and especially those who are otherwise most concerned about the climate change) is rather hostile towards nuclear energy. Twice as many people agree that due to the hazards of nuclear waste and the risk of accidents the share of nuclear energy should be decreased (61%) as say that we should increasingly rely on nuclear energy to preserve the climate (30%).

Nuclear energy

The share of nuclear energy should be increased, as it does not contribute to climate change and global warming

The share of nuclear energy should be decreased, as it poses safety problems like nuclear waste, or the danger of accidents

13

15 19

18 21 27

20

26 28 29

21 25 28 27 29 30 28 29

27

36

23

35 35 35 34

30 28 44 42 42

48

51

83

78 76

72 69 68 67 67 66 65 64

64 62 61 61 61 59 58 58 57 57 57 57

55 55 55 54

48 47 47

40

33

Q9. One third of EU electricity comes from nuclear energy. Regarding nuclear energy there are two fundamental approaches, which one do you tend to agree more?


There are two Member States out of the 27 where the public sentiment is pro-nuclear (Bulgaria: 51% believe that the share of nuclear power should be increased versus 33% of the opposite opinion; and the Czech Republic: 48% vs. 40%). In three more Member States the public is almost evenly split on the issue: Sweden (48% against, 44% for), Finland (47% against, 42% for) and Slovakia (47% against and 42% for). Elsewhere in the EU a clear majority do not support a stronger reliance on nuclear power. The least so in Greece, where 83% say that the share of nuclear energy should be decreased,

Annex, page 13

Flash EB N o

206a – EU Energy Policy The Gallup Organization but also in Austria where 78% disapprove of nuclear energy (Austria is involved in an infamous debate over the Temel

ín reactor just across the border in the pro

-nuclear Czech Republic), or Cyprus

(76%).

Women and youth especially oppose nuclear power, and those with the lowest education are least likely to be enthusiastic about its favourable effects on the environment. The majority of opponents are slightly less in the majority among the best educated, the elderly, and men, but the opposition is markedly higher even in these segments. (see Annex Table 9b.)

Metropolitan Europeans support nuclear energy slightly more than people in the countryside. As we already indicated, 27% of those worried about climate change believe that an increased use of nuclear energy could be an appropriate response, while 37% of those not concerned about global warming indicated this answer. page 14



3. Government ’ s role in promoting energy efficiency

It is also very clear that citizens expect their governments to intervene. The desired forms of intervention (e.g. tax incentives, funding research, banning products and technologies that are not up to current energy efficiency standards) vary from Member State to Member State. The bottom line is

Support the development of new and cleaner energy technologies and products that only 2% of citizens believe that their government should not do anything about this.

Yes, through tax incentives for energy efficient products or technologies

Yes, through public funding for such research

Yes, with prohibiting the use of products and technologies that are not up to energy efficiency standards

No, the government does not have to deal with this

2

31

31

30

This is universally true in each

Member State; only a very small minority throughout the

EU share the opinion that things are either right as they are, or trust market forces / self regulation to provide an appropriate response to the problems related to energy.

DK/NA 6

Q7. Should the [NATIONALITY] government support the development of

Tax incentives are most favoured interventions in

Germany and Austria (selected new and cleaner energy technologies and products?

%, Base: all respondents by 42% in both countries), in

Bulgaria (41%) and Slovenia

(40%). They are favoured by a quarter of the citizens or less in Cyprus (21%), Spain (22%), Greece,

Denmark and France (23% each)

Support the development of new and cleaner energy technologies and products

PT

IT

NL

PL

SE

LU

EE

SK

UK

RO

M

FR

DK

EL

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DE

AT

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BE

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Yes, through tax incentives

26

26

23

23

23

22

21

30

29

29

26

33

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31

31

35

34

34

34

39

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36

36

42

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40

Yes, through public funding

DK

EL

CZ

NL

CY

M

RO

AT

BE

DE

SK

PT

LU

IE

HU

SI

UK

PL

SE

EE

IT

ES

LT

FI

BG

FR

LV

23

21

16

20

29

27

27

26

32

32

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31

30

33

33

33

32

35

35

35

34

34

41

38

38

38

48

Yes, with prohibiting the use of products/technologies

No, the government does not have to deal with this

M

UK

SI

DE

EE

FI

PT

NL

PL

BE

DK

HU

IE

EL

LU

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AT

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CZ

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ES

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LV

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24

24

24

20

20

19

18

27

26

23

23

23

22

29

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28

27

34

33

32

32

31

30

40

36

36

47

EE

HU

FI

LV

UK

BE

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LU

EL

SI

DE

BG

CZ

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MT

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AT

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1

1

1

1

1

2

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Q7. Should the [NATIONALITY] government support the development of new and cleaner energy technologies and products?

%, Base: all respondents, by county

People in Denmark and Greece are much more inclined to favour government intervention through public funding of research aimed at reduced energy consumption (48% and 41% respectively).This is

Annex, page 15

Flash EB N o

206a – EU Energy Policy The Gallup Organization also favoured by citizens in the Czech Republic, Netherlands and Cyprus (38% each). Less than a quarter selected this option in Latvia (16%), France (20%), Bulgaria (21%) and Slovenia (23%).

Banning products that are not satisfactorily efficient is most favoured in France (47%), Spain (40%),

Latvia and Cyprus (both 36%).

As Table 7b. in the Annex illustrates, there is only minimal if any difference across the various segments of EU society in this regard. Country of origin seems to be the more important line of division. Still, men are more likely to prefer solutions that encourage and promote energy efficiency than those based on restrictions, and we find the same tendency in the most educated group as well. page 16



4. The EU and energy issues

Six out of ten EU citizens (62%) believe that the best way to tackle energy-related issues is

“ through measures agreed on at the EU level

” as opposed to

“ measures agreed on at a national level ” (an option selected by 32%).

The best way to tackle energy-related issues

1 00

80

60

DK/NA

Through national measures in each Member State

Through measures agreed on EU level

6 5

9 9

4 3 4

6 5 6

4

6

2

6

2

13

6

11

9 10 7 10 10 5

5

10

6

18

7

12

9 9

19 20

20 21 27

28 28

29 30 31 33 31 36 32 37

26

35

30 32

32 39 36

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75 74 71 70 70 69 68

65 64 64 64 63 62 62 61 61 60 59 58 58

54

54 51 49 48

46 45 45 42 41 41

38

0

Q8. What do you think is the best way to tackle energy-related issues?


The most widespread support behind EU-level decision making in energy was found in Spain and Italy

(with 75% and 74%, respectively), but in most other Member States a clear majority prefers energyrelated decisions to be taken at an EU level. Those preferring decision-making at the national level form the majority in some Eastern Member States: the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia and

Slovakia. Consequently, EU-level decision making is even more preferred in the pre-2004 EU (64%) than in the new Member States (51%).

There is virtually no difference in the various socio-demographic groups in the evaluation of this question. We did find, however, a pattern that shows that the more people are concerned about climate change, the more likely they are to support EU-level decision making in energy related questions (see

Annex Table 8b.).

Annex, page 17

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4.1 Minimum share of renewables

83% of Europeans agree that the EU should set a minimum percentage of the energy used in each

Member State that should come from renewable sources. Without elaborating on the issue (e.g. the survey did not suggest any of the

“ side

-effects

” that might occur, especially in th e form of potentially rising prices) an overwhelming majority does support this EU initiative, and only 12% are opposed to it.

Support for a minimum percentage for the share of renewable energy in Member

States

Yes No total DK/NA

3

3

3

4

2

7

3

7

3

7

5

5

8

5 4

7 5 4 4 4

5 5 5

3 4 5

7 6

2

5 6

5 7 9 9 11 10 11 12 14 14

16

18

19

11

8

11

9 9

18 22 18 22 24

8

31

16 11 17

28 36

32

9

41

94 93 91 90 90 90 90 90 89 89 88 87 86 85 85

84 83 83 82 79

75

74 72 71 71 70 67

61 56

53 52 50

Q4. There are energy sources, for example the wind energy, that we never run out of. These are the so-called renewable energy sources. Would you agree that the

European Union sets a minimum percentage of the energy used in each Member

State that should come from renewable sources, or not?


In eight countries the survey found the support of 90% or more, this being the most widespread in

Ireland, Luxembourg and Slovenia. There was not one EU country where the majority would not favour that the EU sets a minimum percentage of the energy used in each Member State that should come from renewable sources. The proportion of opponents is the highest in Latvia (41%), Bulgaria

(36%), and Estonia (32%).

As it is normally the case with such high proportions the variance in the various segments of society is very limited, and support remains high in all respondent groups. Even 78% of those who otherwise prefer national decision making in energy issues gave an affirmative answer to this question (Annex

Table 4b.)

4.2 Harmonised nuclear safety rules

Under the circumstance of a fundamental disapproval of the technology (see section 2.4), there is unequivocal support behind EU-level regulation of nuclear safety standards. 92% agree that the EU should set common high safety standards for nuclear installations in Europe. Only

4% of EU citizens say that this should not happen.

There is no disagreement either among the general public in the different Member States (see graph on the next page) or across social strata (whether or not such standards are necessary).

Introduction of common high safety requirements for all nuclear installations in the EU

Yes; 92

No; 4

DK/NA;

4

Q10. Do you think that the EU should introduce common high safety requirements for all nuclear installations in the European Union?

%, Base: all respondents page 18



Even nine of ten people who generally prefer national decision-making in energy related issues are behind such an initiative.

Introduction of common high safety requirements for all nuclear installations in the EU

2

4

2

3 4 3

Yes No DK/NA

1

3

3

2

4

2

5

3

4

4

4

3

5

3

5

4

4

4

4

3

5

4

4

5

3

5

3

3

6

5

4

3

6

7

7

6 6 6

9

7

9

7

4

3 5 7 6

4 7 5 11

97 95 95 95 95 94 94 94 93 93 93 93 93 92 92 92 92 92 92 91 91

91 90 90 90 89 88 88 87 87 87

82

Q10. Do you think that the EU should introduce common high safety requirements for all nuclear installations in the European Union?

% , Base: all respondents, by country

4.3 The EU as a single buyer on international energy markets

Apart from some of the Eastern Member States directly dependent on Russian energy supplies, most citizens throughout the EU believe that joining the forces of all EU countries and being able to function as a single buyer on the energy markets would put each Member State in a more secure position in terms of uninterrupted energy supplies and favourable prices.

Two thirds of citizens in the EU share this opinion (65%), and about a quarter (26%) are opposed to it, saying that these issues should be decided at a national level. New Member States are slightly more in favour of independent energy negotiations (33%) than the countries of pre-2004 EU (24%), but the majority are in favour of backing the EU to negotiate deals on the energy market for them.

The EU ’ s role in negotiating energy supply and prices

DK/NA if [COUNTRY] government would negotiate conditions independently if the European Union would negotiate conditions for all Member States, including [COUNTRY]

6 10 12 9 8 13 6 11 8 8 6 8

16

14 12 18 21

17 26 21 24 25 27 25

2

9

4

9

12

8 8 9

15

9

14

9

6

32

26 31 27 25 29 30 29

24 33 30 36 39

14 15

31

9 11 10 10 10

30 38 39 39 46 48

78 76 76 73 72 71

68 68 67 67 67 66 66 65 65 65 64 63 62 62 61

58 56 55 55

55

55 52 51 50

45 43

Q11. Which do you think is better to achieve secure supply and favourable prices of the oil and gas obtained from the international markets:


Annex, page 19

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In Bulgaria and Latvia, where the relative majority are opposed to having the EU assume such a role; the general public is highly divided on this issue. Citizens in Slovenia would be the happiest to transfer this responsibility to the EU level (with 78% backing the idea). The idea is also popular in Spain and

Belgium (both 76%).

Metropolitan Europeans are somewhat more in favour of joint EU-level energy negotiations with international energy providers (69% versus 63% among rural Europeans), but in other respects the differences are even smaller: all segments consider it more appropriate for the EU to take on such a role. Even those who generally prefer decision making in energy issues kept at a national level also tend to agree that the EU might be in a better position to effectively represent European interests in international energy markets (54% vs. 38% preferring independent negotiations.)

4.4 Energy solidarity in the EU

Citizens in the EU are in favour of the idea of sharing energy reserves in case of a sudden shortage of gas or oil in individual Member States. Although this question only presents the picture of a local crisis

–

and of course only in theory, when generosity is much easier

–

the very high proportion of citizens agreeing that EU countries should help each other in such a situation (79%) reassures that the sense of solidarity is strongly present in energy-related issues.

In case of sudden shortage of gas or oil...

DK/NA the affected Member State has to rely on its own reserves only, or the affected Member State should be able to rely on the reserves of other EU Member States as well

5

2

6

5 5

6

2

4 3

6 6

5 5 5 5 3 5

7

10 13 11 13 13 13 17 15 17 14 14 15 16 16 16 18 17

10

14 12

3

5

20 18

9

2

14

21

10 8 10 4 6 5 5 5

14 17 15 22 21 23 24 27

6

29

85 84 84 83 82 82 81 81 81 80 80 80 79 79 79 79 79 78 78 78 77 77 77 77

75 75 74 74 72 72

69 65

Q12. In case there is a sudden shortage of gas or oil in an EU Member State, what would you personally favour:


Citizens are very ready to help

–

or receive help if needed

–

in Italy (85% supporting shared EU energy reserves), Cyprus (84%), Bulgaria (84%) and Poland (83%), and at least three quarters are in favour of sharing reserves in 21 Member States. Relatively speaking, the least solidarity was found in

Austria (65%), Romania (69%), Hungary and the UK (72% both), but even in these countries the overwhelming majority are in favour of shared reserves.

Of course, the sharing of energy reserves is also backed by all major socio-demographic segments in

Europe. The least educated and the oldest groups are relatively the least in favour of shared energy reserves. 23% of those who generally prefer national-level decision making in energy issues prefer isolated national reserves, while only 14% of those who support EU-level decision making in energy say that countries that face sudden energy shortage should rely exclusively on their own reserves. page 20



5. Competition in energy

There is a highly varied landscape in Europe in terms of competition in the household energy market. In several Member States the market is liberalised, in others de facto monopolies or territorial concessions hinder competition

1

. The overwhelming majority of Europeans favour having a choice of suppliers in the basic energy utilities: electricity and gas. 85% say it is important to have a choice, and this proportion is equally high in all segments of the EU societies.

Such desire is especially overwhelming in countries with no or very limited competition: In

Ireland (96% think it is important to have a choice), Germany (93%), Poland (91%), and

Latvia (91%)

–

but also in one of the most liberal energy markets in the EU: the UK (91%).

Favouring competition in energy

Yes; 85

No; 12

DK/NA; 4

Q13. Do you think it is important to have a choice of supplier for electricity and gas?

%, Base: all respondents

The old EU Member States with freer markets consider competition in energy slightly less important

(84%) when compared to new Member States (88%).

Relatively fewer people consider competition in energy as important in some of the countries where competition is already functioning relatively well (Denmark: 68%, the Netherlands: 73%). However, this is also the case in some countries where competition is not present or functioning very well, e.g.

Greece or France, where also somewhat less than three quarters of respondents consider having a choice as important (73% both).

Importance of have a choice of supplier for electricity and gas

Yes No DK/NA

3

1

5

4

5

0

9

4

6

4 3 4 3

5 6

3 3

7

8 9 8 10 8 6

9 11

9

4 4 3 5

7 6

12 12 13 11

5

11

5

12

5

12

6

9 8

3

6 5 4 3

12 10 11 18 17 19 23 25

5

3

22 29

96 93 91 91 91

88 88 88 88 88 88 87 86 86 86 85 85 84 84 84 83

83 82 82 82 78 77 76

73 73 73 68



1

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy_policy/doc/10_internal_market_country_reviews_en.pdf

Annex, page 21

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Reasons for favouring a choice of energy suppliers besides the price you also expect to have an option to choose cleaner energy

44

As we discussed above, citizens believe that it is essential to have a real choice in the energy market, and that environmental concerns also play a role in their preference for free only because of the price besides the price you also expect to have better customer care all three are important aspects

15

18

21 competition.

While price is obviously the main motivator for people wishing for competition in various markets, only one in five of those preferring competition said that it is only the effect on prices that makes them

Other

DK/NA 1

2

Q14. Why do you favour to have a choice of energy suppliers?

%, Base: those who think it is important to have a choise of supplier for electricity and gas favour choice between providers

(19%).

Altogether 36% of respondents would expect better customer care as well as more favourable prices as the result of competition (15% directly indicated this option and 21% indicated

“ all three aspects ” ).

As the question was asked at the end of this questionnaire we can

’ t exclude a context

-effect here (that we artificially connected energy use with environmental effects for the respondents with the series of previous questions), but most respondents favouring competition also consider the option to choose a provider that offers cleaner energy as an important benefit of competition (44%). Adding the 21% of those who say that all three aspects are important, we find that reportedly 63% of all Europeans favouring energy competition consider the environmental aspect one of the important factors.

Reasons for favouring a choice of energy suppliers only because of the price

HU

NL

CY

PL

AT

FR

DE

EE

RO

BE

SK

LV

UK

SE

CZ

IT

EL

DK

LT

FI

SI

LU

ES

PT

BG

IE

MT

12

12

11

11

10

7

10

15

15

15

14

18

17

17

17

16

16

15

27

26

25

24

24

22

21

20

20 expect to have better customer care

BG

PT

LT

CZ

LV

RO

EE

H

PL

LU

IT

SK

CY

M

EL

FI

BE

DK

ES

SI

DE

SE

NL

AT

UK

FR

IE

24

17

21

30

30

30

28

36

34

33

31

39

44

38

37

49

48

46

45

45

45

58

54

54

53

51

68 expect to have an option to choose a supplier that is offering cleaner energy

MT

LU

IE

FI

ES

EE

SI

BG

DK

FR

AT

DE

HU

PT

NL

IT

CY

LT

PL

EL

RO

SE

SK

BE

UK

CZ

LV

56

54

60

59

54

52

50

65

63

63

61

68

68

66

65

72

71

71

70

70

69

76

75

74

73

73

72


%, Base: those who think it is important to have a choice of supplier for electricity and gas, by country

Price itself remains the sole most important reason to favour competition for the highest proportion of people in Romania (27%), Belgium (26%), Slovakia (25%), Latvia and the UK (24% both). The combined responses of expecting better customer care as well as price is most frequently given in page 22



Bulgaria (68%), Portugal (58%), The Czech Republic and Lithuania (54% both). Finally, the option to choose a provider offering cleaner energy (combined responses, again) plays a major role in preferring competition in Malta (76%), Luxembourg (75%), Ireland (74%), and in Finland and Spain (73% each).

The highest proportions of those who are least likely to select environmental concerns as a reason for preferring competition are found in Latvia (50%), the Czech Republic (52%), the UK (54%) and

Belgium (54%).

Women favouring competition are more interested in cleaner energy (67% vs. 62% among men), and there is a clear positive correlation between education level and interest in clean energy (59% of the least educated and 68% of the most educated say that the ability to choose cleaner energy is one of the reasons that they prefer competition in the area). 70% of those concerned, but also 53% of those who are not concerned about climate change regard the option of choosing cleaner energy an important reason to favour competition in the area.

Annex, page 23

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Flash EB Series #206

Attitudes on issues related to

EU Energy Policy

Annex

Tables and

Survey

Details

T

HE

G

ALLUP

O

RGANIZATION

The Gallup Organization page 24



6. Annex tables

Table 1a. Climate change and global warming a concern, by country.................................................. 26

Table 1b. Climate change and global warming a concern, by socio-demographics.............................. 27

Table 2a. Link between energy production and consumption and climate change, by country............ 28

Table 2b. Link between energy production and consumption and climate change, by demo ............... 29

Table 3a. Effects of climate change on the way energy will be consumed in 10 years, by country ..... 30

Table 3b. Effects of climate change on the way energy will be consumed in 10 years, by demo ........ 31

Table 4a. The EU to set a minimum percentage of renewable energy used in each MS, by country ... 32

Table 4b. The EU to set a minimum percentage of renewable energy used in each MS, by demo ...... 33

Table 5a. Desired government assistance to help people to reduce energy consumption, by country.. 34

Table 5b. Desired government assistance to help people to reduce energy consumption, by demo..... 35

Table 6a. Energy efficiency influences consumer decision, by country ............................................... 36

Table 6b. Energy efficiency influences consumer decision, by socio-demographics ........................... 37

Table 7a. Government

’ s role to support new and cleaner energy, by country

...................................... 38

Table 7b. Government

’ s role to support new and cleaner energy, by socio

-demographics.................. 39

Table 8a. EU-level decision making regarding energy-related problems, by country .......................... 40

Table 8b. EU-level decision making regarding energy-related problems, by socio-demographics ...... 41

Table 9a. Nuclear energy, by country ................................................................................................... 42

Table 9b. Nuclear energy, by socio-demographics ............................................................................... 43

Table 10a. The EU to introduce common safety requirements for nuclear installations, by country ... 44

Table 10b. The EU to introduce common safety requirements for nuclear installations, by demo ...... 45

Table 11a. The EU

’ s role in negotiating energy supply and prices, by country

.................................... 46

Table 11b. The EU

’ s role in negotiating

energy supply and prices, by socio-demographics ............... 47

Table 12a. Solidarity with others in energy reserve issues, by country ................................................ 48

Table 12b. Solidarity with others in energy reserve issues, by socio-demographics ............................ 49

Table 13a. Desire for competition in electricity and gas service, by country ....................................... 50

Table 13b. Desire for competition in electricity and gas service, by socio-demographics ................... 51

Table 14a. Possible benefits of competition in the field of energy, by country .................................... 52

Table 14b. Possible benefits of competition in the field of energy, by socio-demographics ................ 53

Annex, page 25

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Table 1a. Climate change and global warming a concern, by country

The Gallup Organization

QUESTION: Q1. Are climate change and global warming a concern for you?

Base: all persons15 years of age or older

EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

Total N

1011

1022

1002

1004

515

1005

1014

508

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

70,3

55

50,6

57,8

69,9

24,3

34

52,8

% Yes, very much

50,2

39,5

40,3

48,2

37

47,3

19,7

67,8

50,9

67,9

28,4

45,4

32,3

64,5

63,9

52,9

40,8

24,4

29,6

47,8

23

34,6

39

31,9

23

47,6

46,4

37,6

% Yes, to some degree

36,7

43,5

38,7

35,6

48,9

41,8

51,6

26,9

33,6

23,7

52,2

40,4

39

23,6

22,2

33,8

42,2

56,5

51,3

42,1

% No

6,7

27

17,2

9,3

6,5

10

9,9

9,7

12,4

16,6

20

15,6

14

10,2

24,8

5,3

14,8

7

19

13,8

27,2

8,8

12,4

13,2

15,6

18,5

18,8

9,5

% DK/NA

0,4

1,1

2,4

0,4

0,2

0,5

0,5

0,6

0,1

0,7

3,9

0

0,7

0,3

1,1

0,6

0,7

1,4

0,4

0,4

1,6

3

1,4

0

1,4

0,6

0,4

0,6 page 26



Table 1b. Climate change and global warming a concern, by socio-demographics

QUESTION: Q1. Are climate change and global warming a concern for you?

Base: all persons15 years of age or older, EU-27

Total N

EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +

EDUCATION until 15 years of age

16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE

CHANGE A

CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION

MAKING LEVEL

ON ENERGY

Prefer national measures

Prefer measures agreed on EU level

12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

% Yes, very much

50,2

47,9

52,3

41,1

48,3

53,3

53,3

54,1

48,3

53,1

44,7

54,6

50

48

49,8

51,4

50,6

49,1

100

0

0

48,6

52,1

% Yes, to some degree

36,7

36,4

37

41

40,3

35,3

33,2

31,6

37,9

36,6

41,1

31,9

39,6

35,7

36

36,1

36,8

37

0

100

0

38

35,9

0

0

100

12,8

11,4

0

0

0

0,6

0,6

% No

12,6

12,9

13,2

10

13,4

12,4

14,9

10

17,1

10,8

10,9

12,9

10,1

14,9

13,4

11,6

12,1

13,1

% DK/NA

0,9

1,4

0,6

0,3

0,7

0,7

0,8

0,7

0,9

0,7

0,4

0,9

0,6

0,8

0,6

0,3

1,4

0,9

Annex, page 27

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Table 2a. Link between energy production and consumption and climate change, by country

QUESTION: Q2. Do you think the way we in [COUNTRY] produce and consume energy has a negative impact on climate change and global warming?


EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

Total N

1012

1011

1022

1002

1004

515

1005

1014

508

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

38,1

38,9

19,2

10,6

21,6

36,6

24,6

30,2

26

23,9

35,5

38,9

45,1

62,8

42,8

39,2

47,7

28,5

12,3

23,3

17,8

% Yes, it has a big negative impact

% Yes, it has some negative impact

38,2 44,2

% No, it has almost no negative impact

7,8

% No, it has no negative impact at all

4,6

27,2

14,7

47,3

40,8

6,2

18,5

6,2

14,8

29,6

21,3

35

13

44,5

55

51,2

48

14,6

9,9

9,3

20,1

2,8

7

3,3

8,5

39,9

29,3

40,8

49,2

39,3

41,6

47,9

54,8

51,5

7

2,8

7,4

4,7

5,8

17,6

22,8

11

12,9

4,7

0,9

4,5

4,4

3

7,1

11

4

9,3

30,3

48,6

52,5

55,8

59,8

50,7

49,7

43,3

49,1

50,7

42,8

42,5

10,8

6,6

14,3

19,5

10,7

3,2

14,8

9,7

13,3

14,8

6,1

4,7

8,6

3,8

5,7

6,8

3,5

5,3

5,3

5,6

5,1

7,4

7,6

3

% DK/NA

3,3

4,2

4,6

2,6

4,2

5,2

6

7

8,5

5,1

13

11,2

8,5

6,8

1,2

10,4

12,1

2,1

8,3

7,3

4,5

4,1

5,5

11,2

6,5

3,1

7,9

10,9 page 28



Table 2b. Link between energy production and consumption and climate change, by socio-demographics

QUESTION: Q2. Do you think the way we in [COUNTRY] produce and consume energy has a negative impact on climate change and global warming?


EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

Total N

38,9

35,5

41,9

37,1

40,3

38,2

37,3

39

36

36,7

40,1

38,5

38,3

34,5

38,2

39,2

39

37

4052

10808

7318

2956

2409

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

8099

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

% Yes, it has a big negative impact

38,8

46,1

43,8

49,2

43,1

44,2

43,7

44,7

47,9

46,4

44,1

41,2

46,6

45

42,9

45,5

44,1

43,7

% Yes, it has some negative impact

6,6

8,5

7,8

7,7

8

7,8

7,8

7,9

% No, it has almost no negative impact

7,8

9,1

6,6

7,9

7,6

9,3

7,7

7,6

7,5

8,2

% No, it has no negative impact at all

6,1

4,9

3,7

3,5

3,9

4,9

4,8

3,6

5,3

4,6

6

3,4

4,3

5,9

4,8

4,1

4,6

5

% DK/NA

9,6

5

2,8

2,4

4,8

3,1

4,2

4,5

7,1

5,1

3,9

6,2

3,2

5,3

6,3

3,6

4,8

6

CLIMATE CHANGE A CONCERN

Very much

12949

To some extent

9477

No

3197

52,8

25,9

16,6

37,3

56,1

37,7

4,6

9,3

16,7

2

3,4

19,2

3,3

5,4

9,8

DECISION MAKING LEVEL ON ENERGY



8315

15884

36,8

39,8

44

45

8,8

7,4

5,7

3,9

4,7

3,9

Annex, page 29

Flash EB N o


Table 3a. Effects of climate change on the way energy will be consumed in 10 years, by country

QUESTION: Q3_A-C. What effects do you think the ongoing climate change will have on the way you consume energy in 10 years time? Do you think you will...


“ “

Yes

”

shown

EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

Total N

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

1005

1014

508

1041

506

1021

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

1004

515

70,1

59,1

84,1

56,6

81,3

64

50,3

62,3

86,3

52,4

50,1

86,9

69,1

88,1

66,9 have to change your everyday energy consumption habits to consume less

(e.g. switching off the lights more often, or he

76,3 have to change how you heat, light and cool your house or apartment, by installing equipments that save energy

72,1

79 70

61,9

58,3

72,9

56,6

67,2

78,2

52,5

86,5

87,3

79,8

91,8

84,3

91,6

74,3

71,8

57,7

81,1

85,1

71,2

88,7

82,2

91,3

62,6

51,6

79,5

58,1

79,3

62,2

46,1

55,3

82,7

52,3

53,5

69,2

71,9

85,9

62 have to pay much more for the energy you use

82,7

66,4

72,4

49,5

74,4

77,9

64,1

74,3

74,5

76,4

65,3

66,6

75,9

67,7

49,1

65

88,4

63,8

25,5

70,1

67,8

58,9

52,1

79,8

52,1

80,6

61,2

26,5 page 30



Table 3b. Effects of climate change on the way energy will be consumed in 10 years, by socio-demographics

EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE CHANGE

A CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION

MAKING LEVEL

ON ENERGY



QUESTION: Q3_A-C. What effects do you think the ongoing climate change will have on the way you consume energy in 10 years time? Do you think you will...


%

“

Yes

”

shown

Total N

7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

5253

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

10643

9695

2409

8549

2084

12612 have to change your everyday energy consumption habits to consume less (e.g. switching off the lights more often, or heat less)

76,3

73,3

79,1

74,4

77,2

78,2

74,9

77,2

74,7

78,7

76,3

75,8

79,1

69,8

75,6

76,9

76,4

75,8 have to change how you heat, light and cool your house or apartment, by installing equipments that save energy

72,1 have to pay much more for the energy you use

67,8

72,1

72,2

75,8

75,5

74,6

66

68,7

71,3

74,3

77,8

68,8

66,9

66,2

65,4

68,2

69,8

68,4

68,1

68,3

66,5

75,6

76,6

71

68,8

71,5

73,7

70,9

66,7

68,3

64,6

68,2

71,9

65,4

68

12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

84,4

74,2

50,2

73,6

79,3

79,5

69,8

50

71,1

74,5

68,8

68,5

62,7

68

68,3

Annex, page 31

Flash EB N o


Table 4a. The EU to set a minimum percentage of the renewable energy used in each

Member State, by country

QUESTION: Q4. There are energy sources, for example the wind energy, that we never run out of. These are the socalled renewable energy sources. Would you agree that the European Union sets a minimum percentage of the energy used in each Member State that should come from renewable source, or not?


Total N % Yes

25809

1000

82,8

90,4

% no, because that would raise energy prices

2,8

% no, because we should be able to decide independently of the EU

4,4

% no, because this should not be regulated at all

1,9

2,7 1,3 1,1

EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United

Kingdom

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

1004

515

1005

1014

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

53,1

60,9

85,3

82,8

51,8

90,1

90,2

86,9

93,8

89,4

89,9

49,9

56,4

93

74,4

90

84,8

82

74,8

88,7

71,6

91,2

66,7

78,9

70,6

87,6

7

8,8

4,5

1,7

8,5

1,4

3,1

2,1

0,5

2

1,7

9,1

9,6

1,2

4,4

0,4

1,2

1,6

6,5

1,3

3,9

0,9

6,1

1,7

2,5

1

18,4

15,6

3,3

6,4

16,8

1,1

2,2

2,6

1,1

1,7

0,7

16,5

9,1

0,9

6,7

0,7

2,6

7,1

5,2

1,1

7,1

2,7

10,7

6,3

7,1

2,4

6,9

4,1

1,5

2,1

4,1

0,9

0,5

1,1

0,3

0,6

1,4

11,9

6,6

0,3

5,2

0

0,5

2,2

4,8

0,8

3,5

0,7

4,1

2,4

3,8

0,7

% no, other reasons

2,1

1,3

3,3

2,6

1,6

0,7

2,9

1

1,7

2,8

1,2

5,7

2,9

2,8

1,8

3,8

2,6

1,8

3,7

2,1

1,7

1,4

3,1

2,4

3,5

5,9

5

3,1

% DK/NA

4,3

5

9,3

15,7

4,8

3,4

4,4

3,3

3

6,4

7,7

5,2

4,3

5,3

2,7

10,8

8,1

3,6

3,3

16,7

6,9

6,7

10,7

2,2

9

4,7

11,1

5,3 page 32



Table 4b. The EU to set a minimum percentage of the renewable energy used in each

Member State, by socio-demographics

QUESTION: Q4. There are energy sources, for example wind energy, that we never run out of. These are the socalled renewable energy sources. Would you agree that the European Union sets a minimum percentage of the energy used in each Member State that should come from renewable source, or not?


EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

Total N % Yes

% no, because that would raise energy prices

2,8

% no, because we should be able to decide independently of the EU

4,4 25809 82,8

2,7 5,2 12442

13367

83,3

82,4 2,9 3,8

3881 81,6 5,6 4,9

6296

7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

2409

8549

2084

12612

84,7

85,4

80,1

78,6

83,4

85

84,1

85,8

86,6

78,6

80,5

3,4

2,4

1,8

5,5

1,6

1,9

4,1

3,4

2,4

2

2,4

3,7

4,3

4,7

4,7

4,8

3,8

4,5

3,1

5,2

4,4

4,2

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

5253

10643

9695

82,6

83,6

82,4

3,4

2,5

2,7

5

4,2

4,4

% no, because this should not be regulated at all

1,9

2,3

1,6

2,2

2

1,6

2

1,5

1,9

1,7

2,2

1,8

2,2

2

1,3

1,4

3,8

2

% no, other reasons

2,7

2,8

2,7

%

DK/NA

4,3

5,2

5,6

2,7

2,7

3,3

1,5

3,8

2,9

3

2,5

2,8

3,6

1,9

2,2

2,2

3

3,2

10,7

4,5

3,3

2,8

3,8

2,9

5,7

6,9

5,3

3

7,4

3,5

3,9

4,3

7,8


Very much

To some extent

No

12949

9477

3197

87,5

81,8

68,9

2

3

5,1

3

5,3

7,3

1,3

2,1

3,8

1,9

2,7

6,1

4,3

5,1

8,8




8315

15884

78

86,9

3,4

2,4

7,9

2,7

2,8

1,4

3,1

2,6

4,7

3,9

Annex, page 33

Flash EB N o


Table 5a. Desired government assistance to help people to reduce their energy consumption, by country

QUESTION: Q5. What do you think the [NATIONALITY] government should do to help people to reduce their energy consumption? Please select the most important one!


1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

1004

515

1005

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1014

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

35

27,9

29,4

15,7

25,7

31,5

25,2

28,7

24,6

22,3

13,3

22,1

20,9

18,7

34,6

27,6

13,4

25,7

17,9

21,4

38,1

33,8

22,5

21

21,7

23,9

26,6

27,2 page 34

17,9

15,1

20,4

19,8

24,1

13,9

14,8

22,5

21

13,4

22,9

22,1

19,6

31,3

17,6

17,7

6

15,2

17,1

19,4

27,7

22,2

18,8

18,9

15,7

14,8

13,5

19,8

31,8

50,4

43,5

58

47,7

46,7

57,2

38,2

47,7

52,1

52,1

46,9

51

47,9

31,7

41,6

75,6

54,9

57,8

53,7

25,9

32,9

46,5

53,4

57,1

52,3

51,6

47,3

0,8

3,4

1,5

4,3

9,3

2,6

3,3

2,9

3,2

6,4

7,3

5,7

3,2

0,5

9,2

5,9

1,9

1,9

1,9

2,9

3,2

3,3

3

2,8

1,9

5,4

5,6

7,1

0,1

1

0,6

2,1

2,9

1,8

0,9

1,2

0,9

0,5

0,9

0,8

1,6

0,6

2,1

0,7

0,3

0

1,3

1

0,1

1,5

1,5

0,2

1,2

0,5

1,8

1,5

1,7

3,4

0,7

4,2

3,1

2,1

2,6

2,4

2,6

5,3

3,4

2,3

3,7

0,9

4,8

6,6

2,9

2,3

4,1

2,9

2,3

4,2

3,9

2,8

2,5

2,5

3,7

3,6



Table 5b. Desired government assistance to help people to reduce their energy consumption, by socio-demographics

QUESTION: Q5. What do you think the [NATIONALITY] government should do to help people to reduce their energy consumption? Please select the most important one!


EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE

CHANGE A

CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION

MAKING LEVEL

ON ENERGY



7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

23,2

26,4

28,4

24,9

20,8

27,4

24,6

22,4

26,6

27,6

22,1

22,9

21,3

23,1

27,5

27,4

24,2

23,4

23,9

25,1

26,2

24,8

24,1

20,6

20,7

15,5

19,7

25,1

25,2

21

21,4

20,8

23,8

20,6

19,7

21,5

19,3

21,2

24,5

20,3

20

22,6

20,5

16,4

20

22,5

50,7

42,8

45,3

49,3

49,2

42,8

47,7

49,1

46,3

44,7

52,5

50,4

53,1

50,6

43,1

41,7

48,1

50,7

48

48,2

44,9

49,1

48,1

2,3

3

6,6

2,3

5,1

6,1

2,9

1,5

2,7

3,2

3,1

3,3

2,5

2

2,8

3,4

3,1

2

1,7

3,1

4,4

2,4

2,4

0,6

0,6

2,7

0,8

1,3

1,2

0,8

0,9

0,3

0,9

1,2

0,6

0,2

0,7

0,9

1

0,8

1,7

0,4

1,2

0,9

1,1

0,7

2,5

2,6

3,2

2,4

3,7

3,5

2,4

2,4

1,6

2,6

2,9

2,4

1,2

2,1

2,9

3,1

2

3,3

2

2,8

2,8

2,7

2,3

Annex, page 35

Flash EB N o


Table 6a. Energy efficiency influences consumer decision, by country

QUESTION: Q6. Does energy efficiency influence your decision when you buy household appliances?


EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

% Very much

46,3

59,6

63

34,7

52,2

51,5

42,5

54

42

47,8

34,9

21,6

32,8

48

48,1

34,9

66,1

34,1

31,9

27,7

48

46,4

48,5

49,5

52,9

51,9

39,9

29

Total N

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1011

1022

1002

1004

515

1005

1014

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

31,3

28,9

19,9

47,3

29,8

29,2

30,8

22

36

35,3

46,5

44,7

40,6

30,4

27,7

39,4

21,5

32,2

36,6

46,8

% To some extent

31,5

30,8

29,5

32,7

32

32,3

37,6

35,4

% Not really

20,1

10,9

15,1

17,8

16,5

16,4

22,4

19,2

20,8

15,4

17,5

30,7

25,4

20,1

23,3

25

10,4

32,7

29,9

20,3

18,6

21,4

17,1

16,1

13,9

14,2

18,3

32,3

% DK/NA

1,5

2,9

4,3

4,8

2,3

0,6

2

0,2

1,2

1,6

1

3

1,3

1,6

0,9

0,7

1,9

0,9

1,6

5,2

1,1

1,6

4,2

3,3

1,9

1,5

4,9

1,7 page 36



Table 6b. Energy efficiency influences consumer decision, by socio-demographics

QUESTION: Q6. Does energy efficiency influence your decision when you buy household appliances?


Total N

EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE

CHANGE A

CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION

MAKING LEVEL

ON ENERGY



12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

% Very much

% To some extent

31,5

31,7

31,4

32,9

35,1

30,8

28,5

28,9

31,4

32,6

33,4

30,5

34,6

30,6

29,8

33,1

30,8

31,5

52,9

49,5

50,2

52,9

28,5

48

45,5

50,3

26,6

47,7

54,7

51,3

49,4

46,9

46,7

47,3

48,8

47,8

58,4

38,4

35,1

47,9

49,1

26,8

39,2

28,3

32,6

31,4

12,9

20,8

34,2

17,7

18,1

% Not really % DK/NA

15,8

18,4

17,3

14

32,6

18,6

21,3

16,1

35,8

16,9

13,9

17,8

15,7

21,6

20,3

18,1

18,6

18,6

2,7

3,2

1,1

0,4

5,5

1,9

1,4

2,3

4,6

0,4

0,6

1,5

1,8

2,1

0,4

0,3

0,9

3,3

1,9

1,5

2,4

1,8

1,4

Annex, page 37

Flash EB N o


Table 7a. Government ’ s role to support the development of new and cleaner energy technologies and products, by country

QUESTION: Q7. Should the [NATIONALITY] government support the development of new and cleaner energy technologies and products?

EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom


1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

1019

1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

1004

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

515

1005

1014

508

1041

506

Total N

37,9

34,9

33,8

29,3

35

22,5

29,8

31,5

33,4

33,9

% Yes, through public funding for such research

31,2

% Yes, through tax incentives for energy efficient products or technologies

31,3

% Yes, with prohibiting the use of products and technologies that are not up to energy efficiency standards

29,7

% No, the government does not have to deal with this

2,3

31,4

20,8

34,3

41

22,4

27,9

2,6

1,7

38,3

48,3

35,1

23,1

17,7

20,4

1,7

3,2

30,8

33,3

40,8

32,1

19,8

26,7

32,6

37,7

15,6

31,6

27

26,4

35,1

41,6

29

22,6

22,2

23,3

38,8

33,2

21,1

39,2

36,3

30,4

34,2

25,7

24,1

23,8

29,1

39,7

47,2

30,1

26,5

36,2

35,8

18,8

29,1

31,2

32,6

2

4,9

2,1

0,7

3

2,7

0,7

1,5

3,6

3,2

2,3

4,6

1,4

32,5

41,6

31,2

33,7

26,1

40,1

28,6

35,9

30,6

26,4

22,7

19,7

22,6

22,9

27,4

31,6

34,3

23,6

26,2

31,7

2,8

1,4

3,4

2,9

2,5

2,1

1,3

4,2

3,3

3,6

%

DK/NA

4,2

2,5

9

11,2

9

3,8

6

4,7

6,5

4,5

1,5

9

5,3

5,2

6,7

1,7

6,9

5,6

9,3

8,5

7,1

5

3,5

5,8

10

11,2

3,6

5,3 page 38



Table 7b. Government ’ s role to support the development of new and cleaner energy technologies and products, by socio-demographics

QUESTION: Q7. Should the [NATIONALITY] government support the development of new and cleaner energy technologies and products?


Total N

% Yes, through public funding for such research

EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

30

32,7

33,5

29,1

30,2

29,7

32,4

33,1

31,4

30,1

31,2

32,9

29,6

33

30,5

31

31

30,2

% Yes, through tax incentives for energy efficient products or technologies

31,3

33,9

28,8

30,3

33,5

32,7

29

% Yes, with prohibiting the use of products and technologies that are not up to energy efficiency standards

29,7

26,2

32,9

29,6

30,3

30,5

28,7

% No, the government does not have to deal with this

%

DK/NA

2,3

2,7

2

2,9

2

1,4

3,2

5,6

4,4

6,7

4,2

3,7

4,5

8,2

27 27,8 3,2 11,8

32,8

33,5

28,1

36,3

33,6

34,7

28,2

30,2

29,3

31,8

28,4

31,5

29,1

29

2,3

1,6

2,8

2,8

2,4

1,4

2,5

3,9

3,1

3,7

7,6

4,6

3,1

4,1

29

31,9

31,9

30,3

29,7

29,3

2,3

2,1

2,5

5,3

4,9

6,1


Very much

12949 31

To some extent

9477 32,1

No

3197 29,6

30

33,4

31

33,4

26,9

22,7

1,3

1,8

7,7

4,4

5,7

9




8315

15884

32,2

31

33

31,7

28,1

30,9

2,6

2

4,1

4,5

Annex, page 39

Flash EB N o


Table 8a. EU-level decision making regarding energy-related problems, by country

QUESTION: Q8. What do you think is the best way to tackle energy-related issues?


EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

Total N

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

1011

1022

1002

1004

515

1005

1014

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

20,4

32,4

32,4

26,5

45,3

29,6

25,7

43,5

32,6

49,4

47,2

34,8

39,4

% Through national measures in each

Member State

32,2

% Through measures agreed on EU level

61,5

20,8 69,9

50,3

53,2

40,9

38,1

29,2

36,5

46,2

27,5

64,5

61,1

41,4

68,2

19,1

30,8

36,1

20,3

28,2

51,3

37,5

74,7

63,6

61,5

74,2

69,3

42,1

44,5

70,8

58,4

58

69,7

49,4

59,3

61

46,2

63,5

45,1

48,1

59,6

54

% DK/NA

8,8

9,2

9,6

3,8

5,3

11

13,3

10,3

3,9

5,6

4,7

5,6

6,6

6,2

5,6

2,4

5,4

2,5

6,5

18

6,2

9,3

8,8

8,7

6,3

2,4

12,4

4,2 page 40



Table 8b. EU-level decision making regarding energy-related problems, by sociodemographics

EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE CHANGE

A CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION

MAKING LEVEL

ON ENERGY



QUESTION: Q8. What do you think is the best way to tackle energy-related issues?


Total N

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

% Through national measures in each Member

State

32,2

31

33,4

31,3

32,3

33,7

31,2

27,3

35,7

31,2

28,7

32,7

33,6

34,3

30,9

30,8

31

34,4

% Through measures agreed on EU level

12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

31,2

33,3

33,2

100

0

60,1

59,4

64,9

66

61,5

64,5

58,8

63,1

62,5

61,4

60,4

62,9

62,4

59,6

61,1

64,2

63,4

58,4

63,9

60,2

56,6

0

100

% DK/NA

4,9

6,5

10,2

12,6

4,9

3,9

5,3

5,7

5,2

4,9

8,3

6,2

4,5

7,8

4,4

3,9

6,2

8

5

5,6

7,2

0

0

Annex, page 41

Flash EB N o


Table 9a. Nuclear energy, by country

QUESTION: Q9. One third of EU electricity comes from nuclear energy. Regarding nuclear energy there are two fundamental approaches, with which one do you tend to agree more?. Question text


EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

Total N

1004

515

1005

1014

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

24,5

28,5

41,9

41,8

43,9

35,9

29

19

21,2

30,2

19,7

27,3

27

35

15,1

35,3

23

% The share of nuclear energy should be increased, as it does not contribute to climate change and global warming, or

29,5

% The share of nuclear energy should be decreased, as it poses safety problems like nuclear waste, or the danger of accidents

60,7

27,8 54,1

% DK/NA

9,8

18,1

50,8

47,6

26,1

27,9

32,9

40,3

67,1

66,2

16,3

12,1

6,8

5,9

21,4

12,9

18,1

28,2

27,3

64,4

82,6

72,1

59,2

67,8

14,1

4,5

9,8

12,6

4,9

58

75,8

68,8

55

67,4

61,3

57,6

56,8

77,9

56,5

57,3

63,5

65,2

46,7

47,4

48,4

57,4

12

6,4

11,4

10,8

7,8

6,7

13

5,2

10

14,8

12,9

11,4

15,3

8,2

7

8,1

19,7 page 42



Table 9b. Nuclear energy, by socio-demographics

QUESTION: Q9. One third of EU electricity comes from nuclear energy. Regarding nuclear energy there are two fundamental approaches, with which one do you tend to agree more?


EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE CHANGE

A CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

Total N

4052

10808

7318

2956

2409

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

8099

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

12949

9477

3197

% The share of nuclear energy should be increased, as it does not contribute to climate change and global warming, or

29,5

39

20,7

24,5

28,1

28,1

34,3

24,6

29,4

35

25

% The share of nuclear energy should be decreased, as it poses safety problems like nuclear waste, or the danger of accidents

60,7

53,3

67,7

69,5

63,2

62,4

53,6

59,5

62,2

56,2

69,2

35,6

29,5

29,6

28,3

34,2

29,9

26,5

53,5

61,9

63,6

61,2

56,1

60,8

63,6

% DK/NA

15,9

8,4

8,8

5,8

10,8

9,8

7,7

11,6

6

8,7

9,5

12,1

8,6

6,8

10,6

9,8

9,3

9,9

27,1

30,2

37,2

63,3

60,6

51,5

9,6

9,1

11,3




8315

15884

31,8

29,3

60,1

62

8,1

8,7

Annex, page 43

Flash EB N o


Table 10a. The EU to introduce common safety requirements for nuclear installations in the EU, by country

QUESTION: Q10. Do you think that the EU should introduce common high safety requirements for all nuclear installations in the European Union?


EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

89,5

91,7

91,2

87,3

94,6

92,6

86,6

90,8

86,5

95,1

93,3

92,4

96,8

94,3

92,8

92,7

93,9

95

91,2

% Yes

92,1

88,8

91,8

82,2

90,2

94,9

90

92,2

94,1

1022

1002

1004

515

1005

1014

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

Total N

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

1011

2,9

4,6

6,8

2,3

3,1

3,2

4,3

3,9

4,5

3,5

4,7

3,7

2

1,1

3,5

4,7

4,3

3,2

5,5

% No

4

5,2

2,9

11,1

7,3

3,6

4

4,5

3,1

2,6

2,8

6,7

6,9

7,4

5,2

4,5

8,8

9

1,3

2

3,9

1,2

4,5

3,7

2,6

1,8

1,9

3,3

% DK/NA

3,9

6

5,3

6,7

2,5

1,6

6

3,2

2,8 page 44



Table 10b. The EU to introduce common safety requirements for nuclear installations in the EU, by socio-demographics

QUESTION: Q10. Do you think that the EU should introduce common high safety requirements for all nuclear installations in the European Union?


EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE CHANGE A

CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION MAKING

LEVEL ON ENERGY


Prefer measures agreed on

EU level

Total N

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

92,6

93,7

91,2

88,5

92,2

95,6

91,4

% Yes

92,1

92,2

92,1

91,1

94,3

94,1

91,4

90,7

92,2

92,5

91,8

94,1

92

85,4

91

94,4

4,6

2,4

6,2

3,9

3

3,7

3,6

% No

4

4,9

3,1

6,4

2,5

3,6

4,1

4,5

4,5

3,7

4

2,8

4,2

8,2

5,5

3,1

3,2

2

2,4

3,4

3,4

5,1

7,9

% DK/NA

3,9

2,9

4,8

2,4

3,2

2,3

4,5

4,8

3,3

3,8

4,1

3,1

3,8

6,4

3,6

2,6

Annex, page 45

Flash EB N o


Table 11a. The EU ’ s role in negotiating energy supply and prices, by country

QUESTION: Q11. Which do you think is better to achieve secure supply and favourable prices of the oil and gas obtained from the international markets:


EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

Total N

515

1005

1014

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

1004

65

44,7

54,5

70,7

62,9

50,7

67,5

56,2

64,7

61

50,4

78,1

62,4

55,4

63,5

54,7

% if the European

Union would negotiate conditions for all Member States, including

[COUNTRY], or

65,3

% if [COUNTRY] government would negotiate conditions independently

26,2

76,1

42,6

12,3

47,5

52,3

67

66,5

54,7

38,3

25

27,2

31,3

68,3

76,2

71,5

65,6

73,1

25,6

13,5

20,9

32,2

17,6

30,7

45,8

30,3

16,8

28,8

38,6

21,3

30,3

26,5

23,6

39,2

15,6

29,7

35,5

25

39,3

% DK/NA

4,3

9,5

15,2

12,6

8,3

10,7

11,2

13,5

8,8

15,4

10,4

6,3

7,9

9,2

11,6

6

9,4

8

6,3

14

8,5

11,6

10

6,1

10,3

7,6

2,2

9,3 page 46



Table 11b. The EU ’ s role in negotiating energy supply and prices, by sociodemographics

EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE CHANGE

A CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION

MAKING LEVEL

ON ENERGY



QUESTION: Q11. Which do you think is better to achieve secure supply and favourable prices of the oil and gas obtained from the international markets:


Total N

7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

% if the European Union would negotiate conditions for all Member

States, including

[COUNTRY], or

65,3

66,3

64,3

67,5

64,7

67,3

63,3

59,1

64,7

70

68,7

68,6

68,2

62,2

63,5

68,5

66,2

62,8

% if [COUNTRY] government would negotiate conditions independently

26,2

27

25,4

27,4

28,4

24,5

25,6

27,7

28,2

22,5

26,2

24,8

24,8

32

26,5

23,9

25,9

28

% DK/NA

8,2

11,1

13,2

7,1

7,5

5,1

8,5

6,6

10,2

5,1

6,9

6,6

7

5,8

10

7,6

7,9

9,2

12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

68,1

63,5

60

54,4

73,5

23,9

28

30,3

38,3

20

8

8,4

9,7

7,3

6,5

Annex, page 47

Flash EB N o


Table 12a. Solidarity with others in energy reserve issues, by country

QUESTION: Q12. In case there is a sudden shortage of gas or oil in an EU Member State, what would you personally favour:


EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

Total N

515

1005

1014

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

1004

13,2

16,5

13,7

11,6

23,6

13,9

14,3

28,9

13,1

15,2

26,5

21,1

18,4

13,2

17,3

23,1

% the affected

Member State has to rely on its own reserves only, or

16,6

% the affected

Member State should be able to rely on the reserves of other EU

Member States as well

78,7

12,5

10,7

81,5

83,5

20,5

15

17

13,8

73,8

79,6

81

77,2

21,6

13,8

15,2

19,9

9,9

74,1

79,8

80,9

77,6

85

84,4

80,7

76,6

78

71,8

80,2

78,4

65

82,5

74,8

68,5

77

78,9

82,1

74,8

72,1

% DK/NA

2,4

2,8

9,7

10,4

4,6

6

7,4

6,1

4,5

9,9

4,9

1,9

2,7

4,7

7,9

4,8

5,7

5,4

2

9,1

4,7

6,1

5,8

4,2

6,4

3,9

2,5

5,1 page 48



Table 12b. Solidarity with others in energy reserve issues, by socio-demographics

EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE CHANGE

A CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION

MAKING LEVEL

ON ENERGY



QUESTION: Q12. In case there is a sudden shortage of gas or oil in an EU Member State, what would you personally favour:


Total N

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

20

17,5

13,5

16,5

16,6

17,5

15,8

16,3

15,8

15,8

18,2

16,5

15,3

17,4

17,4

16,2

13,8

19,9

% the affected

Member State has to rely on its own reserves only, or

% the affected

Member State should be able to rely on the reserves of other EU

Member States as well

78,7

79,1

78,3

81,5

80,4

80,1

75,2

71,1

78,8

83

81,4

80,6

81,6

79

76,7

79,5

81,6

75,4

% DK/NA

12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

15,7

17,1

18,8

22,5

13,5

79,7

79,1

75,1

73,7

83,1

8,9

3,7

3,5

2,1

2,2

3,8

4,2

6,6

4,7

3,4

5,8

2,9

3,1

3,6

5,9

4,3

4,6

4,7

4,6

3,9

6,2

3,8

3,4

Annex, page 49

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Table 13a. Desire for competition in electricity and gas service, by country

QUESTION: Q13. Do you think it is important to have a choice of supplier for electricity and gas?


EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

1019

1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

1004

515

1005

1014

508

Total N

25809

1000

1016

1010

1001

82,9

87,6

72,6

87,7

91,2

81,6

88

88

87,4

84,1

86,3

90,8

93,4

86

72,5

84

72,7

96,2

81,9

78,4

90,6

85,9

77

% Yes

84,8

76,3

81,8

83,1

68,4

12,4

6,4

24,7

9,6

5

10,5

7,8

8,8

9,2

10,6

11,1

8,9

5,3

6,8

22,3

10,8

23,3

3

12

18,3

5,9

5,6

16,8

% No

11,6

19,1

9,6

11,9

28,9

3,8

7,9

4,2

3,3

4,7

6

2,7

2,6

3,4

5,2

2,6

0,3

4

0,8

6,1

3,2

1,3

7,2

5,2

5,2

3,5

8,5

6,2

% DK/NA

3,6

4,6

8,6

5

2,6 page 50



Table 13b. Desire for competition in electricity and gas service, by sociodemographics

QUESTION: Q13. Do you think it is important to have a choice of supplier for electricity and gas?


EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE CHANGE A

CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION MAKING

LEVEL ON ENERGY


Prefer measures agreed on

EU level

Total N

25809

12442

13367

3881

6296

7359

8099

4052

10808

7318

2956

2409

8549

2084

12612

5253

10643

9695

12949

9477

3197

8315

15884

81,8

80,7

86

85,8

86,1

% Yes

84,8

84,2

85,3

84,9

87,9

85,8

86,7

86,5

86,6

83,2

84,3

85,2

84,8

85,2

86,1

79,8

85,4

85,8

12,5

12,4

11,1

12,2

10,5

% No

11,6

13,2

10,2

12

9,7

12

11,1

11,6

10,9

11,8

13

11,1

11,5

11,5

10,9

14,6

11,8

11,2

5,7

6,9

2,9

2,1

3,4

% DK/NA

3,6

2,6

4,5

3,1

2,5

2,2

2,7

3,7

3,7

2,2

1,9

2,5

5

3,3

3

5,6

2,8

3

Annex, page 51

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Table 14a. Possible benefits of competition in the field of energy, by country

QUESTION: Q14. Why do you favour having a choice of energy suppliers?

Base: those who think it is important to have a choice of supplier for electricity and gas, 15 years of age or older

EU27

COUNTRY

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Rep.

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

15,5

15,1

14,9

11,1

15,8

9,5

20,4

17,1

17,8

25,6

10,2

20,8

14,8

23,8

14,8

11,6

20

7

17,6

16,5

16,8

10,8

27,2

12,1

24,5

13,9

22,3

23,5

952

899

734

849

743

964

822

404

21886

763

831

839

685

911

871

391

863

443

742

884

915

825

894

881

881

850

863

908

12,7

10,6

18,4

13,7

11,5

15,1

12,2

17,2

14,6

13,4

17,6

25,8

8,4

25

19,6

9,2

11,1

16,7

9,6

11,7

17,4

19,6

12,3

13,8

18,8

9,9

14,1

20,3

51,2

33,2

41,7

53,6

59,8

72,3

31,8

38

43,8

31,9

20,7

23,8

46,1

21,5

28,9

39,1

31,1

53,7

45,6

53,7

34,4

29,3

21,1

54,9

29,6

45,6

42,6

50,2

2,5

0,9

1

0,6

2,1

1,5

2,7

1,8

1,8

3,1

0,5

0,4

3,2

0,8

1,1

3,6

0,4

0,2

0,5

1,6

0,3

2,3

6,1

1,2

1,3

0,3

3,3

1,6

17,7

38,5

19,1

18,9

9,9

1,8

32,8

26,5

20,9

22,1

50,6

27,9

25,1

28,2

34,5

36

37,2

22,4

20,1

15,9

29

38,7

38,4

16,7

25,9

27,3

16

3,6

0,5

0,5

1,8

0,5

0,9

1,1

3,2

1

1,1

4

0,4

1,2

2,3

0,7

1,1

0,6

0,2

0

0,6

1

1

1,1

0,9

0,9

1,1

1,4

1,7

0,8 page 52



Table 14b. Possible benefits of competition in the field of energy, by sociodemographics

QUESTION: Q14. Why do you favour having a choice of energy suppliers?

Base: those who think it is important to have a choice of supplier for electricity and gas, 15 years of age or older, EU-27

EU27

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

15 - 24

25 - 39

40 - 54

55 +


16 - 20

20 +

Still in education

OCCUPATION

Self-employed

Employee

Manual worker

Not working

LOCALITY TYPE

Metropolitan area

Other towns

Rural zones

CLIMATE

CHANGE A

CONCERN

Very much

To some extent

No

DECISION

MAKING LEVEL

ON ENERGY



21886

10479

11407

3296

5531

6314

6625

3271

9291

6277

2545

2088

7395

1804

10490

4427

9070

8226

11032

8162

2550

7102

13630

17,8

19,6

16,2

16,8

16,8

16,1

20,6

23,3

17,3

15,2

17

17

14,6

21

19,6

15,5

17,4

19,6

14,8

19,6

24,7

19

16,5

14,6

15,9

13,4

17,2

15

14,2

13,3

13,6

15,3

13,9

15,8

15,5

15,8

14,7

13,6

15,7

15,2

13,2

12,5

16,3

18,1

15,4

14,4

43,8

40,5

46,7

45,3

43,1

45,6

42,2

39,5

43,4

46,4

45,9

44,2

47

43,9

41,5

45,7

42

44,9

48,5

41,5

31,4

42,1

46,1

1

1

1,5

1,1

0,9

1,2

1,5

0,4

0,6

1,9

2,6

0,8

0,4

1,5

1,1

1,1

1,1

1,2

0,3

0,3

1,7

1

0,7

1,7

1,6

2,5

1,8

1,9

1,6

0,7

1,5

1,4

2,8

1,9

1,5

2,4

0,7

1,7

1,9

1,6

2,5

1,8

0,6

1,8

1,9

1,6

20,9

21,2

20,7

18,5

23,2

22,1

19,2

19,1

21,8

21,6

19,2

19,5

20,5

19,5

21,8

20,3

22,4

19,7

21,4

20

21,8

20,6

20,6

Annex, page 53

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7. Survey details

This survey on the General population survey on

“ Energy ” was conducted for the European

Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport R3.

Telephone interviews were conducted between the 12/02/2007 and the 16/02/2007 in the countries by these Institutes:

Belgium BE Gallup Europe (Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

Czech Republic

Denmark

Germany

Estonia

Greece

Spain

France

Ireland

Italy

Cyprus

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

CZ Focus Agency

DK Hermelin

DE IFAK

EE Saar Poll

EL

ES

FR

IE

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

Metroanalysis

Gallup Spain

Efficience3

Gallup UK

Demoskopea

CYMAR

Latvian Facts

Baltic Survey

Gallup Europe

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 13/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 13/02/2007)

Hungary

Malta

Netherlands

Austria

Poland

Portugal

Slovenia

Slovakia

HU Gallup Hungary

MT MISCO

NL Telder

AT Spectra

PL Gallup Poland

PT Consulmark

SI Cati d.o.o.

SK Focus Agency

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 15/02/2007)

(Interviews : 13/02/2007 - 15/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 15/02/2007)

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

Bulgaria

FI Hermelin

SE Hermelin

UK Gallup UK

BG Vitosha

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 1502/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 16/02/2007)

Romania RO Gallup Ropmania

Representativeness of the results

(Interviews : 12/02/2007 - 15/02/2007)

Each national sample is representative of the population aged 15 years and above.

Sizes of the sample

In most EU countries the target sample size was 1000 respondents, in Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Malta the targeted size was 500. The below table shows the achieved sample size by country

A weighting factor was applied to the national results in order to compute a marginal total where each country contributes to the European Union result in proportion to its population.

The table below presents, for each of the countries:

(1) the number of interviews actually carried out in each country

(2) the population-weighted total number of interviews for each country page 54



TOTAL INTERVIEWS

Conducted

Total Interviews

% of Total

EU27

Weighted

Total 25809

BE 1000

100

3.9

25272

548

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

EL

ES

FR

IE

1016

1010

1001

1019

1045

1012

1011

1022

1002

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.0

3.9

3.9

4.0

3.9

426

554

278

4525

72

592

2224

3062

203

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

1004

515

1005

1014

508

1041

506

1021

1007

1004

1010

1016

1002

1008

1010

1000

1000

3.9

2.0

3.9

3.9

2.0

4.0

2.0

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3166

39

125

181

23

533

21

845

425

2025

554

1138

109

284

275

473

3109

12.3

0.1

0.5

0.7

0.1

2.1

0.1

3.3

1.6

7.8

2.1

4.4

0.4

1.1

1.1

1.8

12.0

% on Total

(weighted)

100

2.1

1.7

2.1

1.1

17.5

0.3

2.3

8.6

11.9

0.8

Annex, page 55

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Questionnaires

1. The questionnaire prepared for this survey is reproduced at the end of this results volume, in

English (see hereafter).

2. The institutes listed above translated the questionnaire in their respective national language(s).

3. One copy of each national questionnaire is annexed to the data tables results volumes.

Tables of results

VOLUME A: COUNTRY BY COUNTRY

The VOLUME A presents the European Union results country by country.

VOLUME B : RESPONDENTS

’ DEMOGRAPHICS

The VOLUME B presents the European Union results with the following socio-demographic characteristics of respondents as breakdowns:

Volume B :

Sex (Male, Female)

Age (15-24, 25-39, 40-54, 55 +)

Education (15&-, 16-20, 21&+, Still in full time education)

Subjective urbanisation (Metropolitan zone, Other town/urban centre, Rural zone)

Occupation (Self-employed, Employee, Manual worker, Not working)

Climate change a concern (Yes, very much ; Yes, to some degree; No)

Decision making level on energy (Through national measures in each Member State; Through measures agreed on EU level)

Statistical significance of the results

The results in a survey are valid only between the limits of a statistical margin caused by the sampling process. This margin varies with three factors:

1. The sample size (or the size of the analysed part in the sample): the greater the number of respondents is, the smaller the statistical margin will be;

2. The result in itself: the closer the result approaches 50%, the wider the statistical margin will be;

3. The desired degree of confidence: the more "strict" we are, the wider the statistical margin will be.

As an example, examine this illustrative case:

1. One question has been answered by 500 people;

2. The analysed result is around 50%;

3. We choose a significance level of 95 % (it is the level most often used by the statisticians, and it is the one chosen for the Table hereafter);

In this illustrative case the statistical margin is: (+/- 4.4%) around the observed 50%. And as a conclusion: the result for the whole population lies between 45.6% and 54.4 %.

Hereafter, the statistical margins computed for various observed results are shown, on various sample sizes, at the 95% significance level. page 56



STATISTICAL MARGINS DUE TO THE SAMPLING PROCESS (AT THE 95 % LEVEL OF

CONFIDENCE)

Various sample sizes are in rows;

Various observed results are in columns:

N=50

N=500

5%

6,0

1,9

10%

8,3

2,6

15%

9,9

3,1

20%

11,1

3,5

25%

12,0

3,8

30%

12,7

4,0

35%

13,2

4,2

40%

13,6

4,3

45%

13,8

4,4

50%

13,9

4,4

N=1000

N=1500

N=2000

N=3000

N=4000

N=5000

N=6000

1,4

1,1

1,0

0,8

0,7

0,6

0,6

1,9

1,5

1,3

1,1

0,9

0,8

0,8

2,2

1,8

1,6

1,3

1,1

1,0

0,9

2,5

2,0

1,8

1,4

1,2

1,1

1,0

2,7

2,2

1,9

1,5

1,3

1,2

1,1

2,8

2,3

2,0

1,6

1,4

1,3

1,2

3,0

2,4

2,1

1,7

1,5

1,3

1,2

3,0

2,5

2,1

1,8

1,5

1,4

1,2

3,1

2,5

2,2

1,8

1,5

1,4

1,3

3,1

2,5

2,2

1,8

1,5

1,4

1,3

Annex, page 57

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8. Survey questionnaire

FLASH EUROBAROMETER ON ENERGY PACKAGE

Q1. Are climate change and global warming a concern for you?

[O N E A N S W E R O N L Y - R E A D O U T ]

- Yes, very much .............................................................................................................1

- Yes, to some degree .....................................................................................................2

- No .................................................................................................................................3

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q2. Do you think the way we in [COUNTRY] produce and consume energy has a negative impact on climate change and global warming?


- Yes, it has a big negative impact ...................................................................................1

- Yes, it has some negative impact ..................................................................................2

- No, it has almost no negative impact .............................................................................3

- No, it has no negative impact at all ................................................................................4

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q3. What effects do you think the ongoing climate change will have on the way you consume energy in 10 years time?

Do you think you will

…

[O N E A N S W E R P E R L I N E - R E A D O U T ]

- Yes................................................................................................................................1

- No .................................................................................................................................2

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

A.

…

have to change your everyday energy consumption habits to consume less, e.g. switching off the lights more often, or heat/cool less, or use the car less often? ............................................... 1 2 9

B.

…

have to change how you heat, light and cool your house or apartment, by installing equipments that save energy?.......................................................................................................... 1 2 9

C.

…

have to pay much more for the energy you use? ..................................................................... 1 2 9

Q4. There are energy sources, for example the wind energy, that we never run out of. These are the so-called renewable energy sources. Would you agree that the European Union sets a minimum percentage of the energy used in each Member State that should come from renewable sources, or not?

[O N E A N S W E R O N L Y , D O N O T R E A D O U T , I F

“

N O

”

P R O B E F O R T H E M O S T I M P O R T A N T R E A S O N ]

- Yes................................................................................................................................1

- no, because that would raise energy prices ...................................................................2

- no, because we should be able to decide independently of the EU................................3

- no, because this should not be regulated at all ..............................................................4

- no, other reasons ..........................................................................................................5

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q5. What do you think the [NATIONALITY] government should do to help people to reduce their energy consumption?

Please select the most important one!


- Provide more information on efficient use of energy ......................................................1

- Adopt stricter efficiency standards for energy consuming equipment.............................2

- Subsidise energy efficient solutions, for example in the homes .....................................3

- [Other]...........................................................................................................................4

- [Nothing]........................................................................................................................5

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q6. Does energy efficiency influence your decision when you buy household appliances?

[ R E A D O U T ]

- Very much.....................................................................................................................1

- To some extent .............................................................................................................2

- Not really.......................................................................................................................3

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9 page 58



Q7. Should the [NATIONALITY] government support the development of new and cleaner energy technologies and products?


- Yes, through public funding for such research ...............................................................1

- Yes, through tax incentives for energy efficient products or technologies ......................2

- Yes, with prohibiting the use of products and technologies that are not up to energy efficiency standards .............................................................................................3

- No, the government does not have to deal with this.......................................................4

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q8. What do you think is the best way to tackle energy-related issues?


- Through national measures in each Member State........................................................1

- Through measures agreed on EU level .........................................................................2

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q9. One third of EU electricity comes from nuclear energy. Regarding nuclear energy there are two fundamental approaches, which one do you tend to agree more?

[O N E A N S W E R O N L Y - R O T A T E - R E A D O U T ]

- The share of nuclear energy should be increased, as it does not contribute to climate change and global warming, or........................................................................1

- The share of nuclear energy should be decreased, as it poses safety problems like nuclear waste, or the danger of accidents .............................................................2

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q10. Do you think that the EU should introduce common high safety requirements for all nuclear installations in the

European Union?

[O N E A N S W E R O N L Y ]

- Yes................................................................................................................................1

- No .................................................................................................................................2

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q11. Which do you think is better to achieve secure supply and favourable prices of the oil and gas obtained from the international markets:

[O N E A N S W E R O N L Y - R O T A T E - R E A D O U T ]

- if the European Union would negotiate conditions for all Member States, including [COUNTRY], or.............................................................................................1

- if [COUNTRY] government would negotiate conditions independently ...........................2

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Q12. In case there is a sudden shortage of gas or oil in an EU Member State, what would you personally favour:


- the affected Member State has to rely on its own reserves only, or ...............................1

- the affected Member State should be able to rely on the reserves of other EU

Member States as well ................................................................................................2

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9


[O N E A N S W E R O N L Y ]

- Yes................................................................................................................................1

- No .................................................................................................................................2

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

Annex, page 59

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A S K I F Q 1 3 = 1


[O N E A N S W E R O N L Y - P R O B E A L L C A T E G O R I E S - D O N O T L E T T H E R E S P O N D E N T I N T E R R U P T

Y O U ]

- only because of the price ..............................................................................................1

- besides the price you also expect to have better customer care. ...................................2

- besides the price you also expect to have an option to choose a supplier that provides cleaner energy. .............................................................................................3

- [all three are important aspects]. ...................................................................................4

- [Other]. ..........................................................................................................................8

- [DK/NA] .........................................................................................................................9

D1. Gender [DO NOT ASK - MARK APPROPRIATE]

D2. How old are you?

[ 1 ]

[2]

[_][_]

[00]

Male

Female years old

[REFUSAL/NO ANSWER]

D3. How old were you when you stopped full-time education? [Write in THE AGE WHEN EDUCATION WAS

TERMINATED]

[_][_] years old

[ 0 0 ] [STILL IN FULL TIME EDUCATION]

[ 0 1 ] [NEVER BEEN IN FULL TIME EDUCATION]

[ 9 9 ] [REFUSAL/NO ANSWER]

D4. As far as your current occupation is concerned, would you say you are self-employed, an employee, a manual worker or would you say that you are without a professional activity? Does it mean that you are a(n)...

[IF A RESPONSE TO THE MAIN CATEGORY IS GIVEN, READ OUT THE RESPECTIVE SUB-CATEGORIES - ONE

ANSWER ONLY]

- Self-employed



i.e. : - farmer, forester, fisherman ......................................................................................................... 11

- owner of a shop, craftsman ........................................................................................................ 12

- professional (lawyer, medical practitioner, accountant, architect,...) .......................................... 13

- manager of a company............................................................................................................... 14

- other............................................................................................................................................ 15

- Employee



i.e. : - professional (employed doctor, lawyer, accountant, architect).................................................. 21

- general management, director or top management ................................................................... 22

- middle management ................................................................................................................... 23

- Civil servant ................................................................................................................................ 24

- Manual worker



i.e. :

- office clerk................................................................................................................................... 25

- other employee (salesman, nurse, etc...) ................................................................................... 26

- other............................................................................................................................................ 27

- supervisor / foreman (team manager, etc...).............................................................................. 31

- Manual worker ............................................................................................................................ 32

- unskilled manual worker ............................................................................................................. 33

- other............................................................................................................................................ 34

- Without a professional activity



i.e. : - looking after the home ................................................................................................................ 41

- student (full time) ........................................................................................................................ 42

- retired ......................................................................................................................................... 43

- seeking a job............................................................................................................................... 44

- other............................................................................................................................................ 45

- [Refusal] ............................................................................................................................................................ 99

D6. Would you say you live in a ...?

- metropolitan zone ......................................................................................................................... 1

- other town/urban centre................................................................................................................ 2

- rural zone...................................................................................................................................... 3

- [Refusal]........................................................................................................................................ 9 page 60

Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy Policy

Flash Eurobarometer

Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy

Policy

Analytical report

Fieldwork:

Report:

Attitudes on issues related to

EU Energy Policy

HE

ALLUP

RGANIZATION

Table of contents

Introduction

Main findings

1. Climate change and energy use

2. Personal consequences

3. Government ’ s role in promoting energy efficiency

4. The EU and energy issues

5. Competition in energy

Attitudes on issues related to

EU Energy Policy

Annex

Tables and

Survey

Details

HE

ALLUP

RGANIZATION

6. Annex tables

7. Survey details

8. Survey questionnaire

Related documents

Products

Support

Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy Policy

Flash Eurobarometer

Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy

Policy

Analytical report

Fieldwork:

Report:

Attitudes on issues related to

EU Energy Policy

HE

ALLUP

RGANIZATION

Table of contents

Introduction

Main findings

1. Climate change and energy use

2. Personal consequences

3. Government ’ s role in promoting energy efficiency

4. The EU and energy issues

5. Competition in energy

Attitudes on issues related to

EU Energy Policy

Annex

Tables and

Survey

Details

HE

ALLUP

RGANIZATION

6. Annex tables

7. Survey details

8. Survey questionnaire

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