Detectors for Harsh Environments Saint-Gobain Crystals produces a wide range of scintillation materials that are used to build detectors to measure radiation. Some scintillators are sensitive to moisture, others to ultraviolet light from fluorescent lamps and others to temperature gradients. Most “standard” scintillation detectors are designed and built to operate under laboratory conditions. We define laboratory conditions as: • • • • • • +4oC to +43oC operating temperature range 8oC/hour thermal rate of change 1 atm pressure 90% or less relative humidity No shock or vibration exposure other than that incurred during shipment No immersion in a fluid Design Notes – • Optional electronics – voltage divider or voltage divider/ preamplifier combination and high voltage supply – can be integrated into the design of these non-standard detectors. • In addition, we can spacequalify the components and subassemblies. Our resources also include design modeling and finite element analysis. Environments that have one or more conditions outside of these are considered harsh. Standard detectors may not even operate, let alone work properly, in these environments. Therefore, when establishing detector specifications, it is important to identify the operating conditions your detector will face. Examples of Harsh Environments– • For operation at or below -30oC, we must select a resilient interface between the scintillator crystal and photomultiplier tube. • For operation at reduced pressures, such as 100 to 200 mTorr, encapsulation materials with reduced out-gassing properties are used. The detector interior may be evacuated, and a bellows, pinch-off tube or vacuum valve may be added. • For water immersion, the entire assembly must be waterproofed to prevent the voltage divider from shorting out. Waterproof connectors (or waterproof cable feed-throughs) are used. • For detectors subject to vibration (or impact shock), we use special construction techniques and qualified components, including a ruggedized PMT. • More complex environments require us to address several non-standard conditions at once. Our detectors for balloon- or satellite-borne experiments meet temperature, vacuum and mechanical requirements. • Our MWD (measurement while drilling) detectors survive the extreme temperature variations, mechanical shock, and vibration encountered while drilling through underground rock strata. The top picture shows the completed Structural/Thermal Mass Model for the SAX Satellite project. The model was built to qualify the mechanical structure of the crystal’s assembly design. The picture below shows the main Phoswich Detector System built at SGC. It consisted of 4 NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) phoswich detectors Detectors for Harsh Environments USA Saint-Gobain Crystals 17900 Great Lakes Parkway Hiram, OH 44234 Tel: (440) 834-5600 Fax: (440) 834-7680 Europe Saint-Gobain Crystals 104 Route de Larchant BP 521 77794 Nemours Cedex, France Tel: 33 (1) 64 45 10 10 Fax: 33 (1) 64 45 10 01 P.O. Box 3093 3760 DB Soest The Netherlands Tel: 31 35 60 29 700 Fax: 31 35 60 29 214 Japan Saint-Gobain KK, Crystals Division 3-7, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083 Japan Tel: 81 (0) 3 3263 0559 Fax: 81 (0) 3 5212 2196 China Saint-Gobain (China) Investment Co, Ltd 15-01 CITIC Building 19 Jianguomenwai Ave. Beijing 100004 China Tel: 86 (0) 10 6513 0311 Fax: 86 (0) 10 6512 9843 India Saint-Gobain Crystals and Detectors Sy. No. 171/2, Maruthi Industrial Estate Hoody Rajapalya, Whitefield Main Road Bangalore 560048 India Tel: 91 80 42468989 Fax: 91 80 28416501 www.crystals.saint-gobain.com Manufacturer reserves the right to alter specifications. ©2002 -14 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. All rights reserved. (05-14)