Prepared by: Engr. Ram Sankar
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CHAPTER 1
GETTING STARTED
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Establishing Communication with Relay:
1. Open MICOM S1 studio and click on NEW SYSTEM.
2. Name it and save on desired location and click on OK.
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3. Right click on your created system and select NEW SUBSTATION.
4. Name the substation and click on OK.
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5. Right click on added substation and click on NEW VOLTAGE LEVEL.
6. Name it and click on OK.
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7. Right click on it and select NEW BAY.
8. Name it and click on OK.
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9. Right click on added bay and select NEW DEVICE.
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10. Now select your relay model which is P546 in our case.
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11. Then write your device name and click on NEXT.
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12. Now lid up top cover of your relay and check for its complete model no. And write it on the
window prompted next after the previous step. Then click on NEXT.
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13. Your desired relay model no. Should be high lighted in blue in next window. Click on NEXT.
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14. Now click on FINISH.
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15. Now right click on Connections and select NEW CONNECTION.
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16. Click on FRONT SERIAL PORT.
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17. Select your com port no and click on NEXT.
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18. Write name for your connection and click on FINISH.
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19. Click on OK.
20. Now right click on connection you just made and select TEST CONNECTION.
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21. If successful you will be notified via notification window. Otherwise check your com port no.
Only.
22. Now right click on settings and select EXTRACT SETTINGS.
23. No
24. That is it. You are done with your communication.
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CHAPTER 2
TESTING ZONE
REACHES/ TIMING
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Setting values in relay:
25. Now double click on settings extracted.
26. Now go to CONFIGURATION tab in settings window and make DISTANCE, ENABLE.
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27. Now go to GROUP1 tab and make all zones enable.
28. Now click on GROUP1 DISTANCE ELEMENTS. And enter your desired values for R and Z for
phase and ground faults.
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29. Now go to GROUP1 SCHEME LOGIC and enter your zone timings here.
30. Now click on SAVE on TOP.
31. Now right click on DEVICE and click on SEND. Then select “000” and click on send. Then on
next window click on YES.
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Making graphs in FREJA WIN:
32. Now open FREJA WIN S/W. Make sure “ONLINE” sign is appearing on right bottom and click
on DISTANCE.
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33. Enter desired information and click on PROCEED.
34. Now go to CONFIG tab on top right corner.
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35. Click on FILE and select NEW TEST.
36. Click on YES.
37. Now enter your zone timings and tolerance for impedance and time values and pre fault or
fault conditions.
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38. Now click on RX RAMP for zone reaches on TOP.
39. Select phase for which you want to edit the graph for zone reaches.
40. Click here to edit graph.
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41. Click on “NEW”.
42. By entering alpha angle i.e. angle of line with x-axis. And horizontal/ vertical values you will
make your graph.
43. After drawing every line click on “SAVE ELEMENT” and when your desired zone is created
click on CREATE ZONE.
44. Make all 5 zones and save it and close the ref. Graph editor window. Now do the same for
AB and ABC.
45. Remember in micom Z4 is fixed to be reverse zone.
46. ZP is programmable zone which is usually fwd.
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Testing Zone Reaches:
47. Now right click on graph window of FREJA and select ADD A RAMP.
48. Now enter RAMP impedance maximum value and angle.
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49. Now add as many ramps as you want to. Now select all the phases for which you want to
take your zone reaches and click on START.
50. When you will make graph for ground reaches. Ground resistive reach is equal to the value
given in final settings but for reactance reach for ground zones actual reactance is equal to
value given = X * COS(line angle) * SIN(compensation angle).
Testing Zone Timings:
51. Now click on “Zt” tab on top bar in FREJA S/W for Zone Timings.
52. Now click on “Create a graph from Rx Ramp” button and enter your line angle and then
select phases for which you want to take Zone Timing and click on START.
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Chapter 3
Functional Check
of the Relay
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Communication Scheme Logic:
1. Permissive Over Reach Scheme:
1. Select POR from in settings file of micom under SCHEME LOGIC of S1 Studio.
2. Now configure an INPUT for AID 1 Receive and an output for carrier send and zone2 trip.
3. Now inject Zone 2 fault. You will get delayed trip and carrier will be sent.
4. Now simulate carrier receive and inject zone2 fault you will get instantaneous trip.
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2. Permissive Over Reach Unblocking Scheme:
1. Select POR from in settings file of micom under SCHEME LOGIC of S1 Studio.
2. Now configure an input for carrier received and one for Loss of Guard signal i.e. AID 1
COS/ LGS.
3. Apply zone 2 fault and observe delayed trip and carrier send.
4. Apply zone 2 fault and simulate carrier receive and observe instantaneous trip.
5. Apply zone 2 fault with both carrier receive and aid 1 loss of guard inputs and observe
instantaneous trip. Note that LGS I/P should only come when fault is injected. So use
binary O/P of freja and configure this O/P to become close once 2nd stage in freja is run.
6. Now apply zone2 fault with AID 1 channel fail input and observe trip after the set
delayed time in scheme logic settings.
7. Note that in this scheme carrier received LED will not appear even if carrier received is
there. It will glow only once fault is injected.
3. Permissive Under Reach:
1. Do the same as in case of POR just difference is that in under reach scheme carrier send
logic is zone 1 fault.
4. Blocking Scheme:
1. In this scheme carrier send logic is reverse zone fault that is zone 4 in MICOM.
2. Trip logic (instantaneous) is zone 2 fault without any carrier received.
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5. Week End In feed Echo (POR)
1. Configure an output for AID1 SEND. Now without injecting any fault, simulate carrier
receive I/P. You will observe Carrier Send O/P active.
2. Take the timing of echo. Take start contact as soon as you apply Carrier Receive I/P. And
Stop contact of Tm200 timer from AID 1 SEND O/P is high.
3. Note that even if you set ECHO as OFF, take 52B contact for CB and give I/P to this signal
in PSL. Now make CB CONTROL in HMI on 52B 3 phase. Now if you will simulate carrier
receive, it will send ECHO. Supporting arguments are that it helps in tripping breaker at
other end no matter if local CB is open. Conversely if at site you will have to make echo
off, then select CB CONTROL on HMI as NONE.
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6. WEI TRIP (POR):
1. Configure an O/P for WI 3 ph. TRIP and select WEEK INFEED to be ECHO AND TRIP in
setting menu.
2. Now without injecting any fault simulate Carrier received I/P. You will get ECHO and WI
3 ph. TRIP O/P’s after the set delayed time.
3. Take start contact of TM 200 from Carrier Receive I/P and stop contact from WI 3 ph.
TRIP O/P contact.
7. Current Reversal Logic Check:
1. In general mode of FREJA inject reverse zone fault for less than rev zone trip time and
then on 2nd page of sequence inject zone 1 fault and check that zone 1 trip will come
after set time delayed for current reversal i.e. 150 ms for instance.
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2. Trip on Close (TOC) i.e. SOTF and TOR:
1. SOTF:
1. On with External Pulse:
1. Make SOTF on by external trigger in MICOM settings file.
2. Set which zones you want to block from SOTF.
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3. Now configure an Input for SET SOTF.
4. Now simulate this input and inject zone2/3/P fault at 90 degree angle.
Instantaneous trip should come. Note that breaker status is not necessary for SOTF.
More over SOTF pulse should not be given continuously. Just simulate input and
inject immediately and remove input and then for next injection simulate input
again.
5. Now configure an O/P contact for SOTF ACTIVE.
6. Now start your timer with activation of I/P for SET SOTF and stop your timer with
reset of SOTF ACTIVE contact. OR start timer with set of SOTF ACTIVE contact and
stop your timer with reset of the same contact. This is your SOTF PULSE time.
2. On with DEAD POLE:
1. In this test we will only measure the timings. Since we have already seen that
activation of SOTF ACTIVE works correctly with all zones. So now we will only check
activation of this signal only.
2. POLE DEAD condition is sensed by the relay through current. If there is no current, it
means POLE DEAD. If there is current then it means POLES are not DEAD.
3. Inject healthy voltage and rated current in relay.
4. Now start your timer with stop of FREJA and stop your timer with SET SOTF ACTIVE
O/P. This is your “SOTF Delay Time”.
5. Now start your timer with start of FREJA and stop your timer with reset of SOTF
ACTIVE O/P contact. This is your TOC RESET DELAY.
3. Power Swing Blocking:
1. Make PSB function ON.
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2. Now set its inner and outer boundaries.
3. Blocking means it will be blocked even after PSB is gone until healthy conditions.
4. Delayed Unblock means zones will be released after set delay.
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5. Allow Trip will allow trip of zones. For phase to Earth this setting should be Allow
Trip as our PSB is always 3 phase.
6. Now to take the timer of Unblock Delay, start your timer with output POER SWING
and stop with zone 1 fault.
7. To take PSB Reset Delay, start your timer with zone fault (and stop freja as well with
the same contact i.e. zone 1 trip) and stop with RESET of POWER SWING.
4. FUSE FAILURE:
1. ENABLE, SUPERVISION in CONFIGURATION.
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2. Now in GROUP 1 select “VTS MODE” as “MEASURED + MCB”.
3. Now give three phase voltages and also current e.g. 0.2 A. Because this fuse failure is
under load condition.
4. Now decrease the voltage of one phase by 30 V of the rated voltage while other two
phases are healthy i.e. rated voltage is there on these.
5. Now as you will decrease one phase voltage, NEGATIVE SEQUENCE VOLTAGE will
decrease and fuse failure works on 10V negative sequence voltage.
6. Now measure pick up and for drop off increase quickly as FUSE FAILURE holds after
some time like 10 s or so.
7. For checking timing for VT fuse failure, inject in general mode of freja on sequence
mode. Keep the current on both pages exactly same other wise fuse failure will not
operate.
8. Now to check negative sequence current inhibit, change one phase angle only.
9. Now make it above your set value while keeping the voltages healthy.
10. Now decrease one phase voltage below 30V. Start decreasing your negative
sequence current by making the angle normal. Now as soon as the current gets
below your set value, fuse failure will pick up. Note this value. As fuse failure will not
reset if it is operated and then you increase your negative sequence current.
11. For inhibit current setting you should inject greater than your set limit. Now
decrease one phase voltage below set value. FUSE FAILURE should not operate. Now
start decreasing your current value until fuse failure operates. Note this value of
current as your inhibit current value.
12. For external fuse failure give I/P to MCB/ VTS and check fuse failure should come.
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CHAPTER 4
Directional Earth
Fault
1. Testing Current P/U:
1. Enable Directional E/F under CONFIGURATION.
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2. Now ENABLE DEF STATUS. Set zero sequence as polarizing factor.
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3. Now make three phases healthy and decrease only one phase voltage greater than your
set value for VNpol. Now increase current of the phase for which you have decreased
voltage.
4. Measure your P/U and D/O current value by configuring contact for DEF Forward.
5. Also check operating angles for fwd. And rev. Directions using DEF fwd. Or rev.
Respectively. Also take operating current for reverse direction which is typically 50% of
forward value.
6. Note that while doing DEF, TOC delay in SOTF settings come in picture even if SOTF is set
to be OFF. It is because DEF is back up protection so it should give chance to Distance
and Diff to trip on SOTF. Only after this delay DEF will trip. So always use pre fault
conditions to measure timings for DEF.
2. Testing VNpol:
1. 3 phase balance voltage and current injected to the relay. Now decrease one phase
current greater than its operating value. Now start decreasing voltage of the same
phase. Decrease voltage slowly. As soon as it picks up (note your P/U value for VNpol)
start increasing to note your D/O value. Don’t decrease voltage, once it is picked up,
unnecessarily or you can not get your D/O value.
3. Communication Schemes:
1. POR:
1. Go to SCHEME COMMUNICATION logic and enable AID 2 and set it as POR.
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2. Here make your AID 2 DEF enable while keeping AID 2 DISTANCE disable.
3. Now inject forward zone current and observe carrier send. Measure send time.
4. Inject forward fault without carrier, and observe no trip.
5. Inject fwd. Fault and simulate carrier receive and observe instantaneous trip.
2. Blocking Scheme:
1. Select blocking scheme from SCHEME LOGIC> AID 2 Selection.
Now send logic is reverse fault and trip logic is fwd fault without carrier received. No
trip at all will be observed with fwd. Fault and carrier received.
3. Weak End In feed ECHO:
1. Apply a pulse on AID2 received and observe carrier sent without any injection.
2. Now measure its times as per format.
4. Weak End In Feed Trip:
1. Apply healthy voltages and now decrease one phase voltage below your set limit and
now apply carrier receive I/P some times you can not apply continuous CR I/P. So just
give a pulse and check whether the relay is tripping or not on a certain value of voltage.
2. It should echo as well as trip.
3. Similarly measure its voltage threshold level.
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