Amateur Radio
License
Chapters 5-6
Announcements
•
Exam will be Dec 2, the week after Thanksgiving
•
Register for a FCC Registration Number (FRN)
•
Read chapters 7 and 8 for next time
FCC Registration Number
(FRN)
•
Identifies you to the FCC
•
You need one to get a license
•
You can take the test without it (SS number works),
but it is good to have, particularly if you don’t have
a SS number or taxpayer ID
•
Google “FRN FCC”, and the top link will get you
there.
Todays Topics
•
•
Radio Equipment : Chapter 5
•
Radios
•
Digital Communications
•
Power Supplies and Batteries
•
RF Interference, Grounding
Communicating over the radio : Chapter 6
•
Contacts
•
Band Plans
•
Repeaters
•
Nets, Emergency Communications, Contests
Radio Equipment
Chapter 5
Radios
•
•
•
Desktop Radios :
•
Many modes, complex
•
Mostly HF, 100W + Power Amps
Mobile
•
FM, one or more bands
•
50 W
Handheld
•
FM, one or more bands, 5W
•
Simple, but lots of options
Desktop Radio
•
HF, may have VHF, UHF
•
Lots of modes (FM, SSB, Digital Voice and Data)
•
100 Watts (+ power amps to 1500 W)
Mobile Radio
•
Car or fixed
•
One, two, more bands
VHF, UHF
•
50 Watts
•
Always FM, may have
digital voice, data
Handheld Radios
•
VHF and/or UHF
sometimes 220 MHz, 1.2 GHz
•
5 Watts
•
Always has FM, may have digital
voice and data
•
Can be complex to operate
Every button does three things
Programmed with a PC, software
SDR’s
•
Software defined radios
•
USB peripheral
•
Chassis + TX/RX
daughtercards
•
Direct digital synthesis and
detection
•
Needs amp, antenna, PC
Ettus B100
WRX : 50 MHz to 2.2 GHz
Major Transmitter Controls
•
Tuning (VFO Dial, numeric input)
•
Mode switch (FM, SSB, etc)
•
Microphone : push-to-talk (PTT), voice activated
(VOX), key
•
Automatic level control
•
Morse key
Modes
VFO
Major Receiver Controls
•
Tuning (VFO dial, numeric input)
May be independent of transmit
•
Automatic gain control (AGC), but not for FM
•
Squelch control : shuts off speaker if signal too low
Common for FM
•
Noise filters : match bandwidth of signal, suppress
adjacent signals, blank spike noise
•
Signal strength meter : S-meter from 1-9, with additional
steps. Log scale with 6 dB per S unit (factor of 4 in power)
Filter
Squelch
S-Meter
AGC
Filter
VFO
Which of the following describes the muting of
receiver audio controlled solely by the
presence or absence of an RF signal? (T2B03)
A. Tone squelch
B. Carrier squelch
C. CTCSS
D. Modulated carrier
Which of the following describes the muting of
receiver audio controlled solely by the
presence or absence of an RF signal? (T2B03)
A. Tone squelch
B. Carrier squelch!
C. CTCSS
D. Modulated carrier
Which of the following controls could be
used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband
signal seems too high or low? (T4B06)
A. The AGC or limiter
B. The bandwidth selection
C. The tone squelch
D. The receiver RIT or clarifier
Which of the following controls could be
used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband
signal seems too high or low? (T4B06)
A. The AGC or limiter
B. The bandwidth selection
C. The tone squelch
D. The receiver RIT or clarifier
RIT : Receiver Incremental Tuning
What is the advantage of having multiple
receive bandwidth choices on a
multimode transceiver? (T4B08)
A. Permits monitoring several modes at once
B. Permits noise or interference reduction by
selecting a bandwidth matching the mode
C. Increases the number of frequencies that can be
stored in memory
D. Increases the amount of offset between receive
and transmit frequencies
What is the advantage of having multiple
receive bandwidth choices on a
multimode transceiver? (T4B08)
A. Permits monitoring several modes at once
B. Permits noise or interference reduction by
selecting a bandwidth matching the mode!
C. Increases the number of frequencies that can be
stored in memory
D. Increases the amount of offset between receive
and transmit frequencies
Which of the following is an appropriate receive
filter to select in order to minimize noise and
interference for SSB reception? (T4B09)
A. 500 Hz
B. 1000 Hz
C. 2400 Hz
D. 5000 Hz
Which of the following is an appropriate receive
filter to select in order to minimize noise and
interference for SSB reception? (T4B09)
A. 500 Hz
B. 1000 Hz
C. 2400 Hz!
D. 5000 Hz
What can you do if you are told your FM
handheld or mobile transceiver is over
deviating? (T7B01)
A. Talk louder into the microphone
B. Let the transceiver cool off
C. Change to a higher power level
D. Talk farther away from the microphone
What can you do if you are told your FM
handheld or mobile transceiver is over
deviating? (T7B01)
A. Talk louder into the microphone
B. Let the transceiver cool off
C. Change to a higher power level
D. Talk farther away from the microphone
Digital Data Modes
•
Modem or sound card generates digital signals
Terminal Node Controller (TNC)
•
Many different modes
•
Radioteletype (RTTY)
•
PSK31
•
Packet AX.25
•
APRS
•
Winlink
Packet Radio
•
AX-25 : radio version of X-25, packet switched
networks
•
Packets have headers, checksums, and request for
repeats (ARQ)
•
Direct connections, or relayed through digipeaters
(digital repeaters)
APRS
•
Radio + GPS
•
Reports your
position to
internet servers
•
Based on AX-25
•
APRS : Automatic Position Reporting System
•
Also text, email, weather
•
iPhone, Android apps (must have license)
Other Digital Modes
•
RTTY : radio teletype, keyboard to keyboard
•
PSK31 : low data rate digital mode, mostly HF
•
JT65, JT9: very low data rate (73 bits/min!) but very
sensitive.
•
Winlink : radio email systems, used in emergency
communications. Radio Message Servers (RMS)
relay messages
Digital Radio Connections
Internet Gateway
Which of the following is an example of a
digital communications method? (T8D01)
A. Packet
B. PSK31
C. MFSK
D. All of these choices are correct
Which of the following is an example of a
digital communications method? (T8D01)
A. Packet
B. PSK31
C. MFSK
D. All of these choices are correct
What does the abbreviation
PSK mean? (T8D06)
A. Pulse Shift Keying
B. Phase Shift Keying
C. Packet Short Keying
D. Phased Slide Keying
What does the abbreviation
PSK mean? (T8D06)
A. Pulse Shift Keying
B. Phase Shift Keying!
C. Packet Short Keying
D. Phased Slide Keying
Which of the following may be included
in packet transmissions? (T8D08)
A. A check sum which permits error corrections
B. A header which contains the call sign of the
station to which the information is being sent
C. Automatic repeat request in case of error
D. All of these choices are correct
Which of the following may be included
in packet transmissions? (T8D08)
A. A check sum which permits error corrections
B. A header which contains the call sign of the
station to which the information is being sent
C. Automatic repeat request in case of error
D. All of these choices are correct
Power
•
Most radios use 12 Volts
•
DC power supplies
•
Batteries
12 V DC Power Supplies
•
•
Linear : big transformers
•
Heavy
•
Expensive
Switchers : small transformers
•
High frequency switching before transformer
•
Lightweight, small, inexpensive
Batteries
•
Disposable, rechargable, and storage
•
Power storage measured in amps X hours
•
Storage batters (car batteries) have a whole set of
potential issues.
Battery Types
Style
Chemistry
Rechargable
Voltage
Energy
AAA
AA
AA
AA
AA
C
D
9V
9V
9V
Alkaline
Alkaline
Carbon-Zinc
Nickel-Cadmium
Nickel-Metal Hydride
Alkaline
Alkaline
Alkaline
Nickel-Cadmium
Nicke-Metal Hydride
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.2 V
1.2 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
9V
9V
9V
1000 mAh
3000 mAh
600 mAh
700 mAh
2000 mAh
7500 mAh
14000 mAh
580 mAh
110 mAh
150 mAh
Mobile, Storage Batteries
•
Large amounts of stored energy
•
If shorted, can overheat, produce hydrogen gas,
and explode
•
Should be well fused (both leads), and well
ventilated
Where should the negative return
connection of a mobile transceiver’s
power cable be connected? (T4A11)
A. At the battery or engine block ground strap
B. At the antenna mount
C. To any metal part of the vehicle
D. Through the transceiver’s mounting bracket
Where should the negative return
connection of a mobile transceiver’s
power cable be connected? (T4A11)
A. At the battery or engine block ground strap!
B. At the antenna mount
C. To any metal part of the vehicle
D. Through the transceiver’s mounting bracket
What is the source of a high-pitched whine
that varies with engine speed in a mobile
transceiver’s receive audio? (T4A10)
A. The ignition system
B. The alternator
C. The electric fuel pump
D Anti-lock braking system controllers
What is the source of a high-pitched whine
that varies with engine speed in a mobile
transceiver’s receive audio? (T4A10)
A. The ignition system
B. The alternator!
C. The electric fuel pump
D Anti-lock braking system controllers
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
•
•
•
Two situations:
•
Your radio interfering with other devices
•
Other devices interfering with you
Many unlicensed RF devices (Part 15)
•
Must not cause interference with licensed users (you)
•
Must accept interference from users of properly
operating equipment (you)
Be diplomatic, first make sure your equipment is working,
and then try to help them solve their problems
Types of RFI
•
Direct detection – offending signals get into the
electronics circuits to cause interference.
•
Overload – strong signal that overwhelms the
weaker, wanted signal.
•
Harmonics – even multiples of the offending signal
that coincide with the wanted signal
RFI Mitigation
•
•
Filters
•
Highpass : receive
•
Lowpass : transmit, eliminates harmonics
•
Notch : suppress particular signals to reduce
overload
Ferrites
•
RF chokes
RFI Sources
•
Electrical arcs (motors, thermostats, electric
fences, neon signs).
•
Power lines.
•
Motor vehicle ignitions or alternators.
•
Switching power supplies.
•
Computers, networks, and TV sets.
What should you do if something in your
neighbor’s home is causing harmful
interference to your amateur station? (T7B08)
A. Work with you neighbor to identify the offending
device
B. Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that
require him to stop using the device if it causes
interference
C. Check your station and make sure it meets the
standards of good amateur practice
D. All of these choices are correct
What should you do if something in your
neighbor’s home is causing harmful
interference to your amateur station? (T7B08)
A. Work with you neighbor to identify the offending
device
B. Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that
require him to stop using the device if it causes
interference
C. Check your station and make sure it meets the
standards of good amateur practice
D. All of these choices are correct
Which of the following actions should you take if a
neighbor tells you that your station’s transmissions are
interfering with their radio or TV reception? (T7B06)
A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly and
that it does not cause interference to your own television
B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the
nearest FCC office for assistance
C. Tell them that your license gives you the right to
transmit and nothing can be done to reduce the
interference
D. Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your
transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated.
Which of the following actions should you take if a
neighbor tells you that your station’s transmissions are
interfering with their radio or TV reception? (T7B06)
A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly
and that it does not cause interference to your own
television!
B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the
nearest FCC office for assistance
C. Tell them that your license gives you the right to
transmit and nothing can be done to reduce the
interference
D. Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your
transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated.
Electrical Grounding and
Circuit Protection (in the home)
•
Make sure your home is “up to code.”
•
Most ham equipment does not require special
wiring or circuits.
•
Use 3-wire power cords.
•
Use circuit breakers, circuit breaker outlets, or
Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI) circuit breakers.
•
Use proper fuse or circuit breaker size.
•
Don’t overload single outlets.
What type of conductor is best to
use for RF grounding? (T4A08)
A. Round stranded wire
B. Round copper-clad steel wire
C. Twisted-pair cable
D. Flat strap
What type of conductor is best to
use for RF grounding? (T4A08)
A. Round stranded wire
B. Round copper-clad steel wire
C. Twisted-pair cable
D. Flat strap
Communicating Using
the Radio
Chapter 6
Radio Manners
•
Speak clearly and distinctly
•
Giant party line – choose topics accordingly
•
Shared use of frequencies
•
Use phonetics
•
Station identification (FCC 10 minute rule)
•
Sign off (Final, 73, clear)
Phonetics
Letter
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
Word
Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Echo
Foxtrot
Golf
Hotel
India
Letter
Word
J
Juliet
K
Kilo
L
Lima
M
Mike
N
November
O
Oscar
P
Papa
Q
Quebec
R
Romeo
Letter
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Word
Sierra
Tango
Uniform
Victor
Whisky
X-Ray
Yankee
Zulu
AG6WH : Alpha Golf Six Whiskey Hotel
Signal Report
•
•
RST :
•
Readability 1-5
•
Signal Strength : 1-9
•
Tone : 1-9 (for CW)
•
Best is 599
“Q” System
•
Barely understandable (1) to perfectly readable (5)
Q Signals
•
QRM : interference
•
QRN : noise
•
QSL : acknowledge receipt (cards are called this)
•
QSO : contact
•
QSY : change frequency
•
QRP : decrease power (also, low power mode)
•
Many others, but there are only a few on the test.
Band Plans
•
FCC doesn’t specify what you can do in some part of
the amateur bands
•
Voluntary agreements define “Band Plans”
•
Recommends frequencies for
•
DX
•
Satellites
•
Digital modes
•
Simplex
•
Beacons
•
Repeater inputs and outputs
•
Weak Signals
•
Control links
Northern California
meter Band
2 m2 Band
PlanPlan
All Mode and Experimental
Repeater Input
Beacon
Repeater Output
CW
Satellite
Digital
SSB
Earth-Moon-Earth (EME)
Weak Signal
FM Simplex
Differs from ARRL plan
for Northern
California
kHz channel spacing in 144.0 - 146.0 MHz
144.0 - 148.02015MHz
kHz channel spacing in 146.0 - 148.0 MHz
In the ARRL plan all channels are 20 kHz.
144.0
.10
.20
.30
.40
.50
145.0
For
see ARRL (www.arrl.org)
.60general Amateur
.70 Radio,.80
.90
For repeaters, see NARCC (www.narcc.org)
For satellites, see AMSAT (www.amsat.org)
Northern California Packet Association
EME
exclusive
145.0
.10
The digital organization of Northern California. www.n0ary.org/ncpa
144.20
Calling
.20
.30
.40
.50
.60
.70
.80
.90
146.0
145.80 International Space Station
146.0
147.0
.10
.20
146.010
.30
.20
1 ch. in the segment
.30
.40
.50
147.405
st
.60
146.520
Calling
st
1 ch. in the segment
.10
.50
146.415
st
147.0
.40
1 ch. in the segment
.70
.80
.90
146.610
1st ch. in the segment
.60
.70
147.600
1st ch. in the segment
148.0
.80
.90
446.00 calling
Northern California
70 cm Band Plan
All Mode and Experimental
Links and Auxiliary
Amateur fast-scan TV (ATV)
Repeater Input
Beacon
Repeater Output
CW
Satellite
Digital
Weak Signal
Earth-Moon-Earth (EME)
Differs from ARRL plan
FM Simplex
70 cm Band Plan for Northern California
420.0 - 450.0 MHz
25 kHz channel spacing 440.0 - 450.0 MHz
Links, Auxiliary, and digital are 20 kHz wide channels except as noted
ATV is a single 6 MHz wide simplex channel
Weak Signal, Satellite, and All Mode segments are not channelized
420.0
1
2
3
4
5
For general Amateur Radio, see ARRL (www.arrl.org)
For6repeaters, link, and
7 auxiliary see8NARCC (www.narcc.org)
9
For satellites, see AMSAT (www.amsat.org)
430.0
Northern California Packet Association
May 20
The digital organization of Northern California. www.n0ary.org/ncpa
20 kHz channels
430.0
1
2
431.75 ATV audio
3
432.10 calling
4
427.250 video carrier
5
6
7
8
20 kHz channels
9
440.0
20 kHz channels
440.0
450.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
446.00 calling
8
9
All Mode and Experimental
FM Simplex
Amateur fast-scan TV (ATV)
Links and Control
Beacon
Repeater Input
CW
Repeater Output
Northern California
23 cm Band Plan for Northern
23 cm Band Plan
1240 - 1300 MHz
California
Weak Signal
Digital
Satellite
Earth-Moon-Earth (EME)
25 kHz spacing for narrow band channels as noted
1240
1250
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1260
1
For general Amateur Radio, see ARRL (www.arrl.org)
2For repeaters,
3
4 see NARCC
5
6(www.narcc.org)
7
8
9
For satellites, see AMSAT (www.amsat.org)
Northern California Packet Association
Decemb
The digital organization of Northern California. www.n0ary.org/ncpa
1241.25 video carrier
1245.75 audio carrier
25 kHz channels
1260
2 MHz wide digital
experimental
digital ATV
25 kHz channels
1270
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1280
1
satellite uplinks, wide-band experimental, and simplex ATV
1280
2
3
4
5
6
25 kHz channels
7
8
9
1277.25 video carrier
1290
1
2
3
1281.75 audio carrier
4
5
6
25 kHz channels
7
8
9
1300
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
wide-band experimental and simplex ATV 1297.50 calling
1295
1296
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
narrow-band FAX, SSTV, ACSSB,
and experimental
.6
.7
.8
.9
EME and
CW expansion
1297
.1
.2
.3
1296.10 CW
and SSB calling
.4
.5
.6
.7
cross-band linear
translators
.8
.9
experimental
beacons
Grid Locator
•
Shorthand for latitude and longitude
We are in CM
Grid Square Locator
•
We are in CM87
Grid Square Locator
•
We are in CM87vk
What is the national calling frequency for
FM simplex operations in the 70 cm
band? (T2A02)
A. 146.520 MHz
B. 145.000 MHz
C. 432.100 MHz
D. 446.000 MHz
What is the national calling frequency for
FM simplex operations in the 70 cm
band? (T2A02)
A. 146.520 MHz
B. 145.000 MHz
C. 432.100 MHz
D. 446.000 MHz
What is an appropriate way to call another
station on a repeater if you know the other
station’s call sign? (T2A04)
A. Say “break, break” then say the station’s call sign
B. Say the station’s call sign then identify with your
call sign
C. Say “CQ” three times then the other station’s call
sign
D. Wait for the station to call “CQ” then answer it
What is an appropriate way to call another
station on a repeater if you know the other
station’s call sign? (T2A04)
A. Say “break, break” then say the station’s call sign
B. Say the station’s call sign then identify with
your call sign!
C. Say “CQ” three times then the other station’s call
sign
D. Wait for the station to call “CQ” then answer it
Repeaters
•
Repeaters relay signals
from radios that normally
can’t reach each other
•
Receives on one frequency,
transmits on another
•
Repeater split
•
Repeater
+/- 600 kHz on 2 m
Transmitter
•
+/- 5 MHz on 70 cm
•
Your radio knows!
Mountains
Receiver
Access Tones
•
Repeaters don’t want to retransmit any signal they hear! If
repeaters can hear each other the result could be unstable.
•
Repeaters look for an additional tone
•
CTCSS : continuous tone coded squelch
•
PL : Motorola “Private Line”
•
Bursts of codes or tones
•
DCS : Digitally coded squelch
Repeaters
•
Listed in repeater directories, iPhone apps :
•
Repeater output frequency
•
Repeater shift
•
Access frequency (PL = 100, for example)
•
Many, many open repeaters out there
•
Program local repeaters into your radio
A few Bay Area
2 m Repeaters
Carla
Network
•
About 40 networked
repeaters across
California
•
One PL is Local
•
Another PL activates
the entire networks
What term is used to describe the use of a subaudible tone transmitted with normal voice audio
to open the squelch of a receiver? (T2B02)
A. Carrier squelch
B. Tone burst
C. DTMF
D. CTCSS
What term is used to describe the use of a subaudible tone transmitted with normal voice audio
to open the squelch of a receiver? (T2B02)
A. Carrier squelch
B. Tone burst
C. DTMF
D. CTCSS
Which of the following describes the
common meaning of the term “repeater
offset?” (T4B11)
A. The distance between the repeater’s transmit and
receive antennas
B. The time delay before the repeater timer resets
C. The difference between the repeater’s transmit
and receive frequencies
D. The maximum frequency deviation permitted on
the repeater’s input signal
Which of the following describes the
common meaning of the term “repeater
offset?” (T4B11)
A. The distance between the repeater’s transmit and
receive antennas
B. The time delay before the repeater timer resets
C. The difference between the repeater’s transmit
and receive frequencies!
D. The maximum frequency deviation permitted on
the repeater’s input signal
Nets, Emcomm
•
FM VHF, UHF is half duplex, needs to be structured
•
Social Nets
•
•
Emergency Nets
•
•
N6NFI 9 AM any weekday
N6BDE 7:30 PM Monday evenings
Traffic Nets
•
Passes radio messages “radiograms”
Emergency Nets
•
•
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES).
•
Supports civil emergencies.
•
National in scope.
Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES).
•
Local and regional in scope.
•
Supports non-governmental agencies.
EMCOMM Training
•
If you are going to participate in EMCOMM, get training.
•
Actively participate in EMCOMM activities.
•
•
Nets
•
Public service activities
•
Attend community meetings and get involved in your
community.
Take EMCOMM courses.
•
ARRL EMCOMM courses
•
NIMS and FEMA courses
Special Activities
•
DXing, Awards, and Contesting
•
Satellites, Space Station
•
Fast scan and slow scan TV
•
Meteor bounce
•
Moon bounce
•
Radio control
Which amateur stations may make contact with an amateur
station on the International Space Station using 2 meter
and 70 cm band amateur radio frequencies? (T8B04)
A. Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA
facilities
B. Any amateur holding a Technician or higher class
license
C. Only the astronaut’s family members who are
hams
D. You cannot talk to the ISS on amateur radio
frequencies
Which amateur stations may make contact with an amateur
station on the International Space Station using 2 meter
and 70 cm band amateur radio frequencies? (T8B04)
A. Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA
facilities
B. Any amateur holding a Technician or higher
class license!
C. Only the astronaut’s family members who are
hams
D. You cannot talk to the ISS on amateur radio
frequencies
With regard to satellite communications,
what is Doppler shift? (T8B07)
A. A change in the satellite orbit
B. A mode where the satellite receives signals on
one band and transmits on another
C. An observed change in signal frequency caused
by relative motion between the satellite and the earth
station
D. A special digital communications mode for some
satellites
With regard to satellite communications,
what is Doppler shift? (T8B07)
A. A change in the satellite orbit
B. A mode where the satellite receives signals on
one band and transmits on another
C. An observed change in signal frequency
caused by relative motion between the satellite
and the earth station!
D. A special digital communications mode for some
satellites
What is meant by the statement that a
satellite is operating in “mode U/
V?” (T8B08)
A. The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the
downlink is in the 10 meter band
B. The satellite uplink is in the 70 cm band and the
downlink is in the 2 meter band
C. The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies
D. The satellite frequencies are usually variable
What is meant by the statement that a
satellite is operating in “mode U/
V?” (T8B08)
A. The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the
downlink is in the 10 meter band
B. The satellite uplink is in the 70 cm band and
the downlink is in the 2 meter band!
C. The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies
D. The satellite frequencies are usually variable
What causes “spin fading” when
referring to satellite signals? (T8B09)
A. Circular polarized noise interference radiated from
the sun
B. Rotation of the satellite and its antennas
C. Doppler shift of the received signal
D. Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band
What causes “spin fading” when
referring to satellite signals? (T8B09)
A. Circular polarized noise interference radiated from
the sun
B. Rotation of the satellite and its antennas!
C. Doppler shift of the received signal
D. Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band
Which of these items would be useful
for a hidden transmitter hunt? (T8C02)
A. Calibrated SWR meter
B. A directional antenna
C. A calibrated noise bridge
D. All of these choices are correct
Which of these items would be useful
for a hidden transmitter hunt? (T8C02)
A. Calibrated SWR meter
B. A directional antenna!
C. A calibrated noise bridge
D. All of these choices are correct
What is the maximum power allowed
when transmitting telecommand signals to
radio controlled models? (T8C07)
A. 500 milliwatts
B. 1 watt
C. 25 watts
D. 1500 watts
What is the maximum power allowed
when transmitting telecommand signals to
radio controlled models? (T8C07)
A. 500 milliwatts
B. 1 watt!
C. 25 watts
D. 1500 watts
What is required in place of on-air station
identification when sending signals to a radio
control model using amateur frequencies?(T8C08)
A. Voice identification must be transmitted every 10
minutes
B. Morse code ID must be sent once per hour
C. A label indicating the licensee’s name, call sign and
address must be affixed to the transmitter
D. A flag must be affixed to the transmitter antenna with
the station call sign in 1 inch high letters or larger
What is required in place of on-air station
identification when sending signals to a radio
control model using amateur frequencies?(T8C08)
A. Voice identification must be transmitted every 10
minutes
B. Morse code ID must be sent once per hour
C. A label indicating the licensee’s name, call sign
and address must be affixed to the transmitter!
D. A flag must be affixed to the transmitter antenna with
the station call sign in 1 inch high letters or larger
What type of transmission is
indicated by the term NTSC? (T8D04)
A. A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit
B. A special mode for earth satellite uplink
C. An analog fast scan color TV signal
D. A frame compression scheme for TV signals
What type of transmission is
indicated by the term NTSC? (T8D04)
A. A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit
B. A special mode for earth satellite uplink
C. An analog fast scan color TV signal!
D. A frame compression scheme for TV signals
Next Time
•
Licensing Regulations : Chapter 7
•
Operating Regulations : Chapter 8