Littelfuse Startco Protection Relays Technical Note - Resistance Grounding RG-12 : IMPLEMENTING RESISTANCE GROUNDING ON UNGROUNDED SYSTEMS Resistance grounding protects a system against transient overvoltages caused by arcing ground faults and it provides adequate fault current for selective ground-fault detection and coordination. Delta-connected supplies and wye-connected supplies with inaccessible neutrals cannot have neutral grounding resistors (NGR’s) directly connected to them; however, resistance grounding can be achieved on an ungrounded system by establishing an artificial neutral with a zigzag transformer. A zigzag transformer is a six-winding, three-phase transformer that is wye-connected with a pair of seriesconnected, phase-displaced windings symmetrically connected to each phase. It can be used to establish an artificial neutral for a three-phase system by connecting its neutral point to ground through a NGR. During normal operation the only current that flows in the zigzag transformer is an extremely small magnetizing current. When one phase is grounded, the NGR and the zigzag transformer provide a path for ground-fault current to flow. See Figure 1. Io Io Io Io 2I o Io 3Io Figure 1 Note: Operation with one ground-fault on a resistance-grounded system is possible if the NGR is correctly sized and if it is allowable by Code for the installation. Protection, coordination, and annunciation systems depend on the integrity of the NGR. Use a Littelfuse Startco SE-330 or SE-325 to continuously monitor the NGR. See Figure 2, and Figure 3. A pulsing NGR system can be used to modulate the ground-fault current to assist in locating a ground fault. For more information about ground-fault protection and resistance-grounding, refer to the Littelfuse Startco papers: Ground-Fault Protection and Ground-Conductor Monitoring for Mine Power Centres and Monitoring Neutral-Grounding Resistors. Littelfuse Startco can provide application assistance and a custom designed, CSAcertified, “turn-key” package. © 2011 Littelfuse Startco www.startco.ca 1 Pub. TN-RG12, March 1, 2011 Littelfuse Startco ProtectionLittelfuse Relays Startco Protection Relays Technical Note - Resistance Grounding RG-12 : IMPLEMENTING RESISTANCE GROUNDING ON UNGROUNDED SYSTEMS 600 VAC X2 X0 12 13 NC - 14 15 RESET 16 PULSE ENABLE 17 + 24V - 18 + - 19 ANALOG OUTPUT - - 20 0V - 2 1 UNIT HEALTHY K4 X1 X3 1 2 3 4 5 - L1 L2/N SPG SPGA EFCT ATTENTION DISENGAGE CAPTIVE RETAINING S C R E W S BE F OR E R E M O V I N G P L U G- I N T ER M IN A L B L O CK S K1 6 - R 7 - G 8 9 10 11- GROUND FAULT K2 S E 1 F 5 5 A1 C T C A RESISTOR FAULT K3 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 ER-600VC GROUNDING RESISTOR N R G SENSING RESISTOR Figure 2 © 2011 Littelfuse Startco www.startco.ca 2 Pub. TN-RG12, March 1, 2011 Littelfuse Startco Protection Relays Technical Note - Resistance Grounding RG-12 : IMPLEMENTING RESISTANCE GROUNDING ON UNGROUNDED SYSTEMS 600 VAC X2 X0 X1 X3 CT 200/5 CT1 CT2 A L1 L2 N R G ER-600VC GROUNDING RESISTOR B SE-325 SW GI + RI R G Figure 3 © 2011 Littelfuse Startco www.startco.ca 3 Pub. TN-RG12, March 1, 2011