Diffraction Gratings
Diffraction Gratings
•
•
•
•
•
Reflection Gratings
Transmission Gratings
Ruled and Holographic Gratings
Beamsplitters
UV-VIS-NIR
For Applications In:
Chemistry
Physics
Life Science
Engineering
Communications
Optometrics Corporation
Wavelength Selection Solutions
Optometrics Corporation
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 1
Optometrics Corporation
Products
• Gratings
Originals and Replicated, Ruled and Holographic;
Grazing Incidence, Echelles, Telecom and
Transmission Gratings
O
ptometrics Corporation has, for more than forty
years, designed and manufactured a broad selection of diffraction gratings for a variety of applications in
the industrial, educational and research markets. In-house
ruling capabilities, along with both production and development holographic laboratories allow our customers to
choose the right grating for their application.
Standard gratings for spectroscopic instruments include
both ruled and holographic replicas. Standard gratings for
laser applications include high damage threshold original
and replicated gratings for molecular lasers, holographic
grazing incidence gratings for dye lasers and echelles.
The newest additions to Optometrics’ line of diffraction
gratings include Transmission gratings and Reflecting/
Transmitting “Polka-dot” beamsplitters.
• Beamsplitters
Reflecting/Transmitting
Beamsplitters,
Transmission Grating
Beamsplitters, Beam
Dividers/Combiners
• Optical Components
Mirrors, Lenses, Windows, Flats, Beamsplitters,
Prisms
• Filters
Soft Coated, Near Ultraviolet, Visible, Near Infrared, and Laser Line Filters
• Infrared & Laser
Products
Laser Gratings,
Holographic and Ruled
Wire Grid Polarizers
• Monochromators
Mini-Chrom
Monochromators
Facilities
Optometrics’ facility in Ayer, Massachusetts contains space
for offices, engineering, R&D and production. Equipment
that support our broad range of capabilities includes:
• Four metal vacuum coating systems;
• Three thin-film soft coated filter vacuum
coating systems;
• Two Ion-Assisted Deposition hard coat vacuum
coating systems;
• Three grating ruling engines;
• Production holographic laboratory;
• R&D holographic laboratory;
• Full replication and lamination facilities;
• Full assembly, alignment and test facilities;
• Full complement of test equipment for spectral testing from the UV to the Far Infrared, for mechanical and flatness testing, for humidity and environmental testing;
• Extensive marking, packaging and bar coding
equipment and capabilities
Page 2
email: sales@optometrics.com
• Systems & Accessories
Monochromatic Light Modules, Sample
Compartments, Detectors, Light Sources, Modular
Recording Spectrophotometers
• SPF-290S
Spectrophotometer for determining Sunscreen
Protection Factors
Plus specialized packaging, bar coding and Kanban
stocking arrangements for all OEM customers.
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
Diffraction Gratings
Goals
Optometrics goal is to provide advanced optical
components and systems for use in wavelength selection
applications found in:
• Analytical Chemistry
• Life Sciences
• Telecom Applications
• Physics
• Education
• Space Sciences
and other applications where high quality optics are key.
In order to accomplish this, the Company has assembled
state-of-the-art facilities and people to produce:
• diffraction gratings, ruled & holographic, original &
replicated, reflection and transmission
• interference and neutral density filters
• optical components
• laser gratings & products
• monochromators & accessories
• spectrophotometers
• wire grid polarizers, ruled & holographic, and
OEM Services
Optometrics caters, in particular, to the needs of its
OEM customers by offering special services such as:
• Kanban stocking arrangements
• Custom packaging programs
• Bar coding capabilities
• Code names for complete confidentiality
• Higher level pre-aligned optical assemblies The company is also proud of its ability to support
customers in all phases of the product development
cycle.
Optometrics Corporation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Background Technology Information
Background & Technology Information...................4
Products
Standard Ruled and Holographic
Replica Gratings...............................................10
High Resolution Gratings and Echelles................14
TF and UTF Series Gratings and
Echelles For Dye Laser................................... 16
Grazing Incidence Gratings..................................18
ML Series Replicated Gratings.............................19
Transmission Gratings
Visible and NIR................................................23
UV....................................................................25
Reflecting/Transmitting
“Polka Dot” Beamsplitters................................26
Transmission Grating Beamsplitters.....................28
Ordering Information
Terms & Conditions..............................................29
Order form ...........................................................30
Optometrics Corporation
8 Nemco Way
Ayer, MA 01432 USA
Tel: (978) 772-1700
Fax: (978) 772-0017
E-Mail: sales@optometrics.com
URL: www.optometrics.com
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 3
Background and Technology
Diffraction Gratings Background and Technology
DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
A grating consists of a series of equally spaced paralreflective coating deposited on
lel grooves formed in a reflective
substrate. The distance between adjacent
a suitable substrate. grooves and the angle the grooves form with respect to
influence both the dispersion and efficiency
efficiency
the substrate influence
of a grating. If the wavelength of the incident radiation is
much larger than the groove spacing, diffraction will not
occur. If the wavelength is much smaller than the groove
spacing, the facets of the groove will act as mirrors and,
again, no diffraction will take place.
The way in which the grooves are formed separates
ruled.
gratings into two basic types, holographic and ruled. reflective surface with
Physically forming grooves into a reflective
a diamond mounted on a “ruling engine” produces ruled
gratings. Gratings produced from laser constructed interference patterns and a photolithographic process are
known as interference or holographic gratings.
Optometrics is one of the few companies that produces
both types of gratings in-house and has full replication
expertise. Ruled and holographic gratings
facilities and expertise. Ruled
differ in their optical characteristics and each type has
specific applications.
advantages for specific
GRATING EQUATION
The general grating equation is usually written as:
nλ = d(sin i + sin i’)
Grating
Normal
Normal to
Groove Face
Incident
Radiation
i
Diffraction
Radiation
i'
“0” Order
Radiation
i
q
Blaze Arrow
d
GRATING ANGLES AND TERMS
Page 4
where n is the order of diffraction, λ is the diffracted wavelength, d is the grating constant (the distance between
successive grooves), i is the angle of incidence measured
from the normal and i’ is the angle of diffraction measured
from the normal.
specific diffracted order (n) and angle of incidence
For a specific
(i), different wavelengths (λ) will have different diffraction
angles (i’), separating polychromatic radiation incident on
the grating into its constituent wavelengths.
THE RULING PROCESS
The initial steps in ruling an original or master grating
includes the selection of an appropriate substrate, usually
glass or copper, polishing the substrate to a high degree
flatness, and coating it with a thin layer of aluminum by
of flatness,
vacuum deposition. The ruling of parallel, equally spaced
grooves is a slow process that can require several days
of set-up and testing prior to the actual ruling. The ruling engine must be able to retrace the exact path of the
diamond forming tool on each stroke and to index (advance) the substrate a predetermined amount after each
cut. Both groove parallelism and displacement must be
controlled with great precision. A series of “test” rulings
efficiency, groove
are made and the grating is checked for efficiency,
profile and stray light. After each test, a minor mechanical
profile
adjustment may have to be made. It can take a week or
profile for
more of repeated testing to optimize the groove profile
specific optical characteristics. After exhaustive testing, an
specific
original grating is ruled on a large substrate. An original
grating is obviously very expensive and, consequently,
gratings saw only limited use until after the development
of the replication process.
THE HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESS
first step in the production of a
Like a ruled grating, the first
holographic grating is the selection of an appropriate polished substrate. The substrate for a holographic grating
is, however, coated with a photosensitive (photoresist)
reflective coating used in ruled
material rather than the reflective
gratings. The photoresist is exposed by positioning the
coated blank between the intersecting beams of monochromatic and coherent light produced by a laser. The
intersecting laser beams generate a series of parallel,
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Optometrics Corporation
Corporation
Optometrics
Background and Technology Diffraction Gratings
equally spaced interference fringes whose intensities
vary in a sinusoidal pattern. This fringe pattern exposes
the resist differentially. Since the solubility of the resist
is dependent on its exposure to light, the development
process transfers the varying intensities of the interference fringes to the surface of the resist. The substrate is
then coated with a reflective material and can be used
as is, or replicated by the same process used for ruled
originals.
tuning applications, but most applications will require
some deviation between the incident and diffracted
beams. Small deviations from the Littrow mounting
seldom have an appreciable effect on grating performance other than to limit the maximum wavelength
achievable. Unless otherwise stated, all performance
curves in this brochure present blazed first order
Littrow data.
Since holographic gratings are produced optically, groove
form and spacing are perfectly consistent. Holographic
gratings are, therefore, free from the periodic and random
spacing errors responsibile for “ghosts” and stray light
in ruled gratings. The result is that holographic gratings
generate much less stray light than ruled gratings.
BLAZE ANGLE AND WAVELENGTH
EFFICIENCY
Grating efficiency is primarily a function of groove
shape, angle of incidence, and the reflectance of the
coating.
The absolute efficiency of a grating is the percentage of incident monochromatic radiation that is diffracted into the desired order. In contrast, relative
efficiency compares the energy diffracted into the
desired order with that of a plane mirror coated with
the same material as the grating. When comparing
grating performance curves, it is important to keep
this in mind. A relative efficiency curve will always
show higher values than an absolute efficiency curve
for the same grating. The efficiency curves in this
brochure present absolute efficiency data.
The grooves of a ruled grating have a sawtooth
profile with one side longer than the other. The
angle made by a groove’s longer side and the plane
of the grating is the “blaze angle.” Changing the
blaze angle concentrates diffracted radiation to a
specific region of the spectrum, increasing the efficiency of the grating in that region. The wavelength
at which maximum efficiency occurs is the “blaze
wavelength.”
Holographic gratings are generally less efficient than
ruled gratings because they cannot be “blazed” in
the classical sense. Their sinusoidal shape can, in
some instances, be altered to approach the efficiency
of a ruled grating. There are also special cases that
should be noted, i.e. when the spacing to wavelength
ratio is near one, a sinusoidal grating has virtually
the same efficiency as a ruled grating. A holographic
grating with 1800 g/mm can have the same efficiency
at 500 nm as a blazed, ruled grating. In addition,
a special process enables Optometrics’ holographic
gratings to achieve a true sawtooth profile peaked
at 250 nm, an ideal configuration for UV applications
requiring good efficiency with low stray light.
Angle of incidence plays a role in grating performance. Because of the infinite number of configurations that a grating can be used in, a standard geometry is used in the measurement of the gratings. This is the Littrow (or autocollimation) mounting. In
this mounting configuration, the diffracted order and
wavelength of interest is directed back along the
path of the incident light (i=i’). The blaze angle of
a ruled grating is calculated based on this mounting. This mounting is practical and necessary for laser
Optometrics Corporation
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Diffraction Gratings
Gratings Background
Background and Technology
Diffraction
and Technology
RESOLVING POWER
POWER
RESOLVING
dλ =
λ
dλ =
λ
di
2 tan i
The resolving power of a grating is the product of the di
2 tan i
The resolving power of a grating is the product of the
diffracted order in which it is used and the number of
diffracted order in which it is used and the number of grooves intercepted by the incident radiation. It can
grooves intercepted by the incident radiation. It can This formula may be used to determine the angular
also be expressed in terms of grating width, groove This formula may be used to determine the angular
also be expressed in terms of grating width, groove separation of two spectral lines or the bandwidth that
spacing and diffracted angles. The “theoretical resolv- separation of two spectral lines or the bandwidth that
spacing and diffracted angles. The “theoretical resolv- will be passed by a slit subtending a given angle at
ing power” of a diffraction grating with N grooves is: will be passed by a slit subtending a given angle at
ing power” of a diffraction grating with N grooves is: the grating.
the grating.
λλ = Nn
Dλ = Nn
Δλ
DIFFRACTED ORDERS
The actual resolving power of a grating depends on DIFFRACTED ORDERS
The actual resolving power of a grating depends on
the accuracy of the ruling, with 80-90% of theoretical For a given set of angles (i,i´) and groove spacing,
the accuracy of the ruling, with 80-90% of theoretical For a given set of angles (i,i´) and groove spacing,
the grating equation is valid at more than one wavebeing typical of a high quality ruling.
the grating equation is valid at more than one wavebeing typical of a high quality ruling.
length, giving rise to several “orders” of diffracted
length, giving rise to several “orders” of diffracted
Resolving power is a property of the grating and is radiation. The reinforcement (constructive interferResolving power is a property of the grating and is radiation. The reinforcement (constructive interfernot, like resolution, dependent on the optical and ence) of diffracted radiation from adjacent grooves
not, like resolution, dependent on the optical and ence) of diffracted radiation from adjacent grooves
mechanical characteristics of the system in which it occurs when a ray is in phase but retarded by a
mechanical characteristics of the system in which it occurs when a ray is in phase but retarded by a
whole integer. The number of orders produced is
is used.
whole integer. The number of orders produced is
is used.
limited by the groove spacing and the angle of incilimited by the groove spacing and the angle of incidence, which obviously cannot exceed 90 degrees. dence, which obviously cannot exceed 90 degrees.
At higher orders, efficiency and free spectral range
SYSTEM RESOLUTION
RESOLUTION
At higher orders, efficiency and free spectral range
SYSTEM
decrease while angular dispersion increases. Order
The resolution of an optical system, usually deter- decrease while angular dispersion increases. Order
The resolution of an optical system, usually deter- overlap can be compensated for by the judicious use
mined by examination of closely spaced absorption overlap can be compensated for by the judicious use
mined by examination of closely spaced absorption of sources, detectors and filters and is not a major
or emission lines for adherence to the Raleigh criteria of sources, detectors and filters and is not a major
or emission lines for adherence to the Raleigh criteria problem in gratings used in low orders.
(R = λ/∆λ), depends not only on the grating resolving problem in gratings used in low orders.
(R = λ/Δλ), depends not only on the grating resolving
power but on focal length, slit size, f number, the oppower but on focal length, slit size, f number, the optical quality of all components and system alignment. tical quality of all components and system alignment.
Normal to
The resolution of an optical system is usually much
Surface
The resolution of an optical system is usually much
less than the resolving power of the grating.
less than the resolving power of the grating.
Incident
Beam
2nd Order
1st Order
DISPERSION
DISPERSION
Angular dispersion of a grating is a product of the
Angular dispersion of a grating is a product of the
angle of incidence and groove spacing. Angular
angle of incidence and groove spacing. Angular
dispersion can be increased by increasing the angle
dispersion can be increased by increasing the angle
of incidence or by decreasing the distance between
of incidence or by decreasing the distance between
successive grooves. A grating with a large angular
successive grooves. A grating with a large angular
dispersion can produce good resolution in a compact
dispersion can produce good resolution in a compact
optical system.
optical system.
3rd Order
0th Order
-1st Order
Angular dispersion is the slope of the curve given
Angular dispersion is the slope of the curve given
by λ = f(i). In autocollimation, the equation for disby λ = f(i). In autocollimation, the equation for dispersion is given by:
persion is given by:
Page 6
Page 6
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Optometrics
Corporation
Optometrics Corporation
Diffraction Gratings
Gratings
Background
and Technology
Technology Diffraction
Background and Technology
Background
and
FREE
SPECTRAL
RANGE
FREE SPECTRAL
SPECTRAL RANGE
RANGE
FREE
SIZES
SIZES
SIZES
Free
spectral
range
—
/n
Free spectral
spectral range
range ==
= λλ22 —
— λλ11 ==
= λλ11/n
/n
Free
2
1
1
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
SUBSTRATES
n=n=
1 1
Free
spectral
range
is
the
maximum
spectral
bandFree spectral
spectral range
range is
is the
the maximum
maximum spectral
spectral bandbandFree
width
that
can
be
obtained
in
a
specified
order
width that
that can
can be
be obtained
obtained in
in aa specified
specified order
order
width
without
spectral
interference
(overlap)
from
adjacent
without
spectral
interference
(overlap)
from
adjacent
without spectral interference (overlap) from adjacent
orders.
As
grating
spacing
decreases,
the
free
specorders. As
As grating
grating spacing
spacing decreases,
decreases, the
the free
free specspecorders.
tral
range
increases.
ItIt decreases
with
higher
orders.
tral
range
increases.
decreases
with
higher
orders.
tral range increases. It decreases with higher orders.
If λ , λ are
lower
and
upper
limits,
respectively,
of
are lower
lower and
and upper
upper limits,
limits, respectively,
respectively, of
of
IfIf λ111,, λ222 are
the
band
of
interest,
then:
the
band
of
interest,
then:
the band of interest, then:
2
n=2
n=
Gratings
are
available
in
several
standard
square
and
Gratings are
are available
available in
in several
several standard
standard square
square and
and
Gratings
rectangular
sizes
ranging
from
12.5
mm
square
up
rectangular sizes
sizes ranging
ranging from
from 12.5
12.5 mm
mm square
square up
up
rectangular
to
50mm
square.
Non-standard
sizes
are
available
to
50mm
square.
Non-standard
sizes
are
available
to 50mm square. Non-standard sizes are available
upon
request.
Unless
otherwise
specified,
rectanguupon request.
request. Unless
Unless otherwise
otherwise specified,
specified, rectangurectanguupon
lar
gratings
are
cut
with
grooves
parallel
to
the
short
lar
gratings
are
cut
with
grooves
parallel
to
the short
short
lar gratings are cut with grooves parallel to the
dimension.
dimension.
dimension.
Replicated
gratings
of
all
types
can
be
produced
on
Replicated gratings
gratings of
of all
all types
types can
can be
be produced
produced on
on
Replicated
float
glass,
Pyrex®
or
Zerodur®.
Optometrics
carfloat
glass,
Pyrex®
or
Zerodur®. Optometrics
carfloat glass, Pyrex® or Zerodur®. Optometrics carries
all
three
types
of
substrates
in
stock,
in
3mm,
ries all
all three
three types
types of
of substrates
substrates in
in stock,
stock, in
in 3mm,
3mm,
ries
4mm,
5mm,
6mm,
9.5mm,
and
12mm
thicknesses.
4mm,
5mm,
6mm,
9.5mm,
and
12mm
thicknesses.
4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 9.5mm, and 12mm thicknesses.
Other
materials
and
thichnesses
are
available
upon
Other materials
materials and
and thichnesses
thicknesses are
are available
available upon
upon
Other
request.
request.
request.
3
n=3
n=
COATINGS
COATINGS
COATINGS
GHOSTS
AND
STRAY
LIGHT
GHOSTS AND
AND STRAY
STRAY LIGHT
LIGHT
GHOSTS
Ghosts
are
defined
as
spurious
spectral
lines
arising
Ghosts are
are defined
defined as
as spurious
spurious spectral
spectral lines
lines arising
arising
Ghosts
from
periodic
errors
in
groove
spacing.
Interferometrifrom periodic
periodic errors
errors in
in groove
groove spacing.
spacing. InterferometriInterferometrifrom
cally
controlled
ruling
engines
minimize
ghosts,
while
cally
controlled
ruling
engines
minimize
ghosts, while
while
cally controlled ruling engines minimize ghosts,
the
holographic
process
eliminates
them.
the holographic
holographic process
process eliminates
eliminates them.
them.
the
On
ruled
gratings,
stray
light
originates
from
random
On ruled
ruled gratings,
gratings, stray
stray light
light originates
originates from
from random
random
On
errors
and
irregularities
of
the
reflecting
surfaces.
errors
and
irregularities
of
the
reflecting
surfaces.
errors and irregularities of the reflecting surfaces.
Holographic
gratings
generate
less
stray
light
because
Holographic gratings
gratings generate
generate less
less stray
stray light
light because
because
Holographic
the
optical
process
which
transfers
the
interference
the
optical
process
which
transfers
the
interference
the optical process which transfers the interference
pattern
to
the
photoresist
is
not
subject
to
mechanical
pattern to
to the
the photoresist
photoresist is
is not
not subject
subject to
to mechanical
mechanical
pattern
irregularities
or
inconsistencies.
irregularities
or
inconsistencies.
irregularities or inconsistencies.
Optometrics Corporation
Optometrics
Corporation
Optometrics Corporation
Reflectance
Reflectance
HIGHER
ORDERS
AND
FREE
SPECTRAL
HIGHER
ORDERS
AND
FREE
SPECTRAL RANGE
RANGE
HIGHER
ORDERS
AND
FREE
SPECTRAL
HIGHER
ORDERS
AND
FREE
SPECTRAL RANGE
RANGE
Gratings
used
in
the
ultraviolet,
visible
and
infrared
Gratings used
used in
in the
the ultraviolet,
ultraviolet, visible
visible and
and infrared
infrared
Gratings
are
normally
replicated
with
an
aluminum
coating.
are normally
normally replicated
replicated with
with an
an aluminum
aluminum coating.
coating. are
Aluminum
is
used
rather
than
silver
because
it is
Aluminum
is
used
rather
than
silver
because
is
Aluminum is used rather than silver because itit is
more
resistant
to
oxidation
and
has
superior
reflecmore resistant
resistant to
to oxidation
oxidation and
and has
has superior
superior reflecreflecmore
tance
in
the
ultraviolet.
Aluminum
averages
over
tance
in
the
ultraviolet. Aluminum
averages
over
tance in the ultraviolet. Aluminum averages over
90%
reflectance
from
200
nm
to
the
far
infrared,
90% reflectance
reflectance from
from 200
200 nm
nm to
to the
the far
far infrared,
infrared,
90%
except
in
the
750
to
900
nm
region
where
it drops
except
in
the
750
to
900
nm
region
where
drops
except in the 750 to 900 nm region where itit drops
to
approximately
85%.
When
maximum
reflectance
to approximately
approximately 85%.
85%. When
When maximum
maximum reflectance
reflectance
to
is
required
in
the
near
infrared,
as
is
the
case
with
is
required
in
the
near
infrared,
as
is
the
case with
with
is required in the near infrared, as is the case
some
fiber
optic
applications,
the
aluminum
coating
some fiber
fiber optic
optic applications,
applications, the
the aluminum
aluminum coating
coating
some
may
be
overcoated
with
gold.
Though
gold
is
soft,
may
be
overcoated
with
gold. Though
gold
is
soft, ititit
may be overcoated with gold. Though gold is soft,
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0 500
500
email:
sales@optometrics.com
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sales@optometrics.com
email:
A1
AL
A1
AI
Au
Au
600
600
700
700
800
900
1000
1100
800
900
1000
1100
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
REFLECTANCE VS.VS.
WAVELENGTH
OF OF
REFLECTANCE
WAVELENGTH
REFLECTANCE
VS. (Au)
WAVELENGTH
OF
ALUMINUM
(Al) AND
COATED OPTICS
ALUMINUM
ANDGOLD
GOLD
COATED
OPTICS
ALUMINUM AND GOLD COATED OPTICS
www.optometrics.com
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Page
Page 777
Page
Diffraction
and Technology
Diffraction Gratings
Gratings Background
Background and Technology
isis resistant
resistant to
to oxidation
oxidation and
and has
has aa reflectance
reflectance of
of over
over CHOOSING
CHOOSING A
A GRATING
GRATING
96%
96% in
in the
the near
near infrared
infrared and
and over
over 98%
98% above
above 2.0
2.0 µ.
µ. Selection of a standard Optometrics grating requires
Selection of a standard Optometrics grating requires
The
The reflectance
reflectance of
of gold
gold drops
drops substantially
substantially below
below 600
600 consideration of a number of variables related to the
consideration of a number of variables related to the
nm
nm and
and isis not
not recommended
recommended for
for use
use in
in the
the visible
visible or
or grating’s intended use. These are as follows:
grating’s intended use. These are as follows:
ultraviolet
ultraviolet regions.
regions.
Dielectric
Dielectric overcoatings
overcoatings such
such as
as aluminum
aluminum magnesium
magnesium
fluoride
fluoride (AlMgF
(AlMgF22)) protect
protect aluminum
aluminum from
from oxidation,
oxidation,
maintaining
the
original
high
reflectance
of
aluminum
maintaining the original high reflectance of aluminum
in
in the
the visible
visible and
and ultraviolet.
ultraviolet. Gold
Gold overcoatings
overcoatings and
and aluminum
magnesium
fluoride
dielectric
coatings
must
aluminum magnesium fluoride dielectric coatings must
be
be specified
specified separately
separately when
when ordering.
ordering.
While
While gold
gold overcoating
overcoating can
can increase
increase reflectivity,
reflectivity, any
any
overcoating
may
reduce
the
damage
threshold
by
overcoating may reduce the damage threshold by aa
factor
factor of
of two
two or
or more.
more.
•• EFFICIENCY:
EFFICIENCY: In
In general,
general, ruled
ruled gratings
gratings have
have aa
higher
higher efficiency
efficiency than
than holographic
holographic gratings.
gratings. AppliApplications
cations such
such as
as fluorescence
fluorescence excitation
excitation and
and other
other
radiation
radiation induced
induced reactions
reactions may
may require
require aa ruled
ruled
grating
grating (see
(see efficiency
efficiency curves
curves for
for comparison).
comparison). As
As
aa rule
rule of
of thumb,
thumb, the
the first
first order
order efficiency
efficiency of
of aa ruled
ruled
grating
grating decreases
decreases by
by 50%
50% at
at two
two thirds
thirds and
and three
three
halves
halves of
of the
the blaze
blaze wavelength.
wavelength.
•• BLAZE
BLAZE WAVELENGTH:
WAVELENGTH: Ruled
Ruled gratings,
gratings, due
due to
to
their
their “sawtooth”
“sawtooth” groove
groove profile,
profile, have
have aa relatively
relatively
sharp
sharp peak
peak around
around their
their blaze
blaze wavelength
wavelength while
while
DAMAGE
DAMAGE THRESHOLDS
THRESHOLDS
some
some holographic
holographic gratings
gratings have
have aa flatter
flatter spectral
spectral
Any
Any standard
standard Optometrics
Optometrics grating
grating is
is available
available with
with response.
response. Applications
Applications centered
centered around
around aa narrow
narrow
either
P-type
or
CW-type
replication
coatings
for
either P-type or CW-type replication coatings for
wavelength
wavelength range
range could
could benefit
benefit from
from aa ruled
ruled gratgrathigher
higher damage
damage threshold
threshold performance.
performance. (For
(For more
more inining
ing blazed
blazed at
at that
that wavelength.
wavelength.
formation
formation see
see page
page 9).
9).
•• WAVELENGTH
WAVELENGTH RANGE:
RANGE: The
The spectral
spectral range
range covcovered
ered by
by aa grating
grating isis dependent
dependent on
on groove
groove spacing
spacing
and
and isis the
the same
same for
for ruled
ruled and
and holographic
holographic gratings
gratings
with
with the
the same
same grating
grating constant.
constant. The
The maximum
maximum
THE
THE REPLICATION
REPLICATION PROCESS
PROCESS
Aluminum Coating
Epoxy Layer
Polished Substrate
Ruled Grating Replica
Holographic Grating Replica
In
In the
the late
late 1940’s,
1940’s, White
White and
and Frazer
Frazer developed
developed the
the process
process for
for precision
precision replication,
replication, allowing
allowing numerous
numerous
“replica”
gratings
to
be
produced
from
a
single
master,
either
ruled
or
holographic.
It
is
a
procedure
“replica” gratings to be produced from a single master, either ruled or holographic. It is a procedure
that
that results
results in
in the
the transfer
transfer of
of the
the three
three dimensional
dimensional topography
topography of
of aa master
master grating
grating to
to another
another substrate,
substrate,
allowing
reproduction
of
a
master
in
full
relief
to
extremely
close
tolerances.
This
process
led
to
allowing reproduction of a master in full relief to extremely close tolerances. This process led to the
the comcommercialization
mercialization of
of gratings
gratings and
and has
has resulted
resulted in
in the
the current
current widespread
widespread use
use of
of gratings
gratings in
in spectrometers.
spectrometers.
Page
Page 88
(978) 772-1700 to Order
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
Optometrics
Corporation
Background and Technology Diffraction Gratings
wavelength that a grating can diffract is equal to
two times the grating period, and this would be
achieved when the incident and diffracted light
were at ninety degrees to the grating normal.
• STRAY LIGHT: For applications such as Raman
spectroscopy, where signal-to-noise is critical, the
inherent low stray light of a holographic grating is
an advantage.
• RESOLVING POWER: There is no difference in
resolving power for holographic and ruled gratings
with identical groove spacing. Holographic gratings
are, however, available with up to 3600 grooves
per mm while Optometrics does not normally rule
gratings with more than 1200 grooves per mm.
TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensional tolerances.................................± 0.5 mm
Thickness tolerances.....................................± 0.5 mm
Efficiencies:
Ruled........................................60 - 80% at blaze λ
Holographic.............................. 45 - 65% at peak λ
Clear aperture.................................................... 90%
Groove parallelism to edge.............................. ±0.5°
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE
Standard Reflection Gratings............. -50˚C
Standard Transmission Grating......... -50˚C
UTF-CW Gratings............................... -50˚C
ML Gratings........................................ -50˚C
to
to
to
to
+125˚C
+125˚C
+200˚C
+200˚C
HANDLING GRATINGS
RECTANGLES / GROOVE DIRECTION
Unless otherwise specified, rectangular gratings are
cut with grooves parallel to the short dimension.
DAMAGE THRESHOLD
Any standard Optometrics grating is available with either
P-type or CW-type construction or higher damage threshold performance.
Damage Thresholds: (no damage threshold minimums
apply to gratings with an overcoat)
Standard Replica Gratings:
Pulsed................... 350 milli-joules/cm2 @ 200 n sec. CW.........................................................40 watts/cm2
P-Type Replica Gratings: (pulsed type)
Pulsed .......................... 3.5 joules/cm2 @ 200 n sec.
CW.........................................................80 watts/cm2
CW-Type Replica Gratings: (for continuous high
power applications)
Pulsed........................... 3.5 joules/cm2 @ 200 n sec. CW.......................................................250 watts/cm2
Coatings
Regardless of size, the additional cost per piece is: Gold Overcoat (AU-3).......................................... $60.00
Aluminum Magnesium Flouride (ALMG-3).......... $55.00
Note: While a gold overcoat can increase reflectivity,
any overcoating may reduce the damage threshold by a
factor of two or more.
The surface of standard gratings are coated
with aluminum or gold and require extreme
care when handling. Handling should be done
by the edges only. These relatively soft coatings are vulnerable to fingerprints and numerous aerosols. Scratches or other cosmetic
defects do not, unless extreme, usually affect
optical performance. No attempt to clean a
grating should be made without first consulting
Optometrics.
Optometrics Corporation
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 9
Diffraction Gratings Ruled and Holographic Gratings
Standard replicated gratings are produced from ruled and holographic originals and are intended for use in
moderate resolution spectrophotometers, spectrometers and monochromators where low cost, high efficiency
and low stray light are of primary concern. Since standard gratings are cut from larger replicas, they are ruled
over their entire surface. Incident radiation should, however, be restricted to 90% of the ruled area. Standard Series Replicated Ruled Gratings
GROOVES BLAZE λ BLAZE DISPERSION 12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25
/MM
(nm)
ANGLE
(nm/mr)
x 6
x 6
120 1200046o 3’
25 x 25
x 9.5
30 x 30
x 9.5
50 x 50
x 9.5
12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25
x 6
x 9.5
25 x 50
x 9.5
5.78
3-4112
3-8112
3-2112
3-3112
3-5112
3-6112
3-1112 3-7112
150
500 2o 8’
6.66
3-4155
3-8155
3-2155
3-3155
3-5155
3-6155
3-1155 3-7155
300
3002o 34’
3.33
3-4330
3-8330
3-2330
3-3330
3-5330
3-6330
3-1330 3-7330
300
10008o 36’
3.30
3-4310
3-8310
3-2310
3-3310
3-5310
3-6310
3-1310 3-7310
2000
17o 27’
3.18
3-4320
3-8320
3-2320
3-3320
3-5320
3-6320
3-1320 3-7320
300
400036o 52’
2.67
3-4340
3-8340
3-2340
3-3340
3-5340
3-6340
3-1340 3-7340
600
300 5o 9’
1.66
3-4630
3-8630
3-2630
3-3630
3-5630
3-6630
3-1630 3-7630
600
4006o 53’
1.66
3-4640
3-8640
3-2640
3-3640
3-5640
3-6640
3-1640 3-7640
600
5008o 37’
1.65
3-4650
3-8650
3-2650
3-3650
3-5650
3-6650
3-1650 3-7650
600
750
13o 0’
1.62
3-4675
3-8675
3-2675
3-3675
3-5675
3-6675
3-1675 3-7675
600
1000
17o 27’
1.59
3-4610
3-8610
3-2610
3-3610
3-5610
3-6610
3-1610 3-7610
300
600
125022o 1’
1.55
3-4612
3-8612
3-2612
3-3612
3-5612
3-6612
3-1612 3-7612
600
160028o 41’
1.46
3-4616
3-8616
3-2616
3-3616
3-5616
3-6616
3-1616 3-7616
830
80019o 23’
1.14
3-4880
3-8880
3-2880
3-3880
3-5880
3-6880
3-1880 3-7880
1.05
3-4812
3-8812
3-2812
3-3812
3-5812
3-6812
3-1812 3-7812
830
1200
29o 52’
900
50013o 0’
1.08
3-4712
3-8712
3-2712
3-3712
3-5712
3-6712
3-1712 3-7712
1200
250
8o 37’
0.82
3-4125
3-8125
3-2125
3-3125
3-5125
3-6125
3-1125 3-7125
1200
300
10o 22’
0.82
3-4130
3-8130
3-2130
3-3130
3-5130
3-6130
3-1130 3-7130
1200
400
13o 53’
0.81
3-4140
3-8140
3-2140
3-3140
3-5140
3-6140
3-1140 3-7140
1200
500
17o 27’
0.80
3-4150
3-8150
3-2150
3-3150
3-5150
3-6150
3-1150 3-7150
1200
750
26o 44’
0.74
3-4175
3-8175
3-2175
3-3175
3-5175
3-6175
3-1175 3-7175
1200
1000
36o 52’
0.67
3-4110
3-8110
3-2110
3-3110
3-5110
3-6110
3-1110 3-7110
1800
240
12o 29’
0.54
3-4162
3-8162
3-2162
3-3162
3-5162
3-6162
3-1162 3-7162
1800
500
26o 44’
0.50
3-4185
3-8185
3-2185
3-3185
3-5185
3-6185
3-1185 3-7185
Prices ($)
50.00
85.00
85.00
95.00
150.00
65.00
65.00 109.00
(All dimensions in millimeters) See page 12 for typical efficiency curves.
Page 10
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
Ruled and Holographic Gratings Diffraction Gratings
Standard Series Replicated Holographic Gratings
GROOVES OPTIMUM DISPERSION /MM
EFFICIENCY
(nm/mr)
12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25 25 x 25
x 6
x 6 x 9.5
30 x 30
x 9.5
50 x 50
x 9.5
12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25 25 x 50
x 6
x 9.5
x 9.5
600
UV
1.67 @ 250 NM
3-4021
3-8021
3-2021
3-3021
3-5021
3-6021
3-1021 3-7021
1000
UV
0.99 @ 250 NM
3-4061
3-8061
3-2061
3-3061
3-5061
3-6061
3-1061 3-7061
1200
UV
0.82 @ 250 NM
3-4121
3-8121
3-2121
3-3121
3-5121
3-6121
3-1121 3-7121
1200
VIS
0.79 @ 500 NM
3-4122
3-8122
3-2122
3-3122
3-5122
3-6122
3-1122 3-7122
1800
UV
0.54 @ 250 NM
3-4181
3-8181
3-2181
3-3181
3-5181
3-6181
3-1181 3-7181
1800
VIS
0.50 @ 500 NM
3-4182
3-8182
3-2182
3-3182
3-5182
3-6182
3-1182 3-7182
2400
UV
0.40 @ 250 NM
3-4241
3-8241
3-2241
3-3241
3-5241
3-6241
3-1241 3-7241
2400
VIS
0.33 @ 500 NM
3-4242
3-8242
3-2242
3-3242
3-5242
3-6242
3-1242 3-7252
3600
UV
0.25 @ 250 NM
3-4361
3-8361
3-2361
3-3361
3-5361
3-6361
3-1361 3-7361
Price ($)
59.00
105.00
105.00
135.00
229.00
75.00
75.00 129.00
(All dimensions in millimeters) See page 13 for typical efficiency curves.
COATINGS
Protective overcoatings that maintain or enhance reflectivity in the UV, Visible and IR regions are available for
an additional charge.
Gold Overcoat (AU-3) ........ $60.00 each
Optometrics Corporation
Aluminum Magnesium Fluoride (ALMG-3) ....... $55.00 each
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 11
Diffraction Gratings Typical Efficiency Curves
Typical Efficiency Curves - Ruled Gratings
Ruled Gratings
600 grooves/mm BLAZED at 300 nm
600 grooves/mm BLAZED at 750 nm
1200 grooves/mm BLAZED at 250 nm
1200 grooves/mm BLAZED at 750 nm
These are several of Optometrics grating
efficiency
efficiency curves. Efficiency
Efficiency curves for all
Optometrics gratings are available on our
website, www.optometrics.com
Perpendicular Polarization
Parallel Polarization
Average
Page 12
Efficiency
Efficiency Curve Key
• All gratings are measured in the Littrow mounting in 1st order
• All gratings utilize an aluminum (AI) reflective
reflective coat
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
(978) 772-1700 to Order
Optometrics Corporation
Corporation
Optometrics
Typical
Efficiency Curves - Holographic
Gratings Diffraction Gratings
Typical Efficiency Curves
Holographic Gratings
1200 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE VISIBLE
1800 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE UV
1800 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE VISIBLE
2400 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE UV
These are several of Optometrics grating
efficiency curves. Efficiency curves for all
Optometrics gratings are available on our
website, www.optometrics.com
2400 grooves/mm OPTIMIZED FOR THE VISIBLE
Perpendicular Polarization
Parallel Polarization
Average
Optometrics Corporation
Optometrics
Corporation
Efficiency Curve Key
• All gratings are measured in the Littrow mounting in 1st order
• All gratings utilize an aluminum (AI) reflective coat
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 13
Diffraction Gratings High Resolution Gratings and Echelles
High Resolution Ruled Gratings
Replicating master gratings on Pyrex®, produces gratings with flatness, λ/4 or better, good thermal stability and
resolution equal to 80-90% of the master. High resolution gratings are available in groove spacings from
120 to 1800 g/mm, blazed from 240 nm to 12.0µ. For even better thermal stability, ask for a quotation for
gratings replicated on Zerodur®.
GROOVES BLAZE λ BLAZE DISPERSION 12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25
/MM
(nm)
ANGLE
(nm/mr)
x 6
x 6
120 12000
46o 3’
25 x 25
x 9.5
30 x 30
x 9.5
50 x 50
x 9.5
12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25
x 6
x 9.5
25 x 50
x 9.5
5.78
3-4219
3-8219
3-2219
3-3219
3-5219
3-6219
3-1219 3-7219
150
500 2o 8’
6.66
3-4559
3-8559
3-2559
3-3559
3-5559
3-6559
3-1559 3-7559
300
3002o 34’
3.33
3-4339
3-8339
3-2339
3-3339
3-5339
3-6339
3-1339 3-7339
300
1000
8o 36’
3.30
3-4229
3-8229
3-2229
3-3229
3-5229
3-6229
3-1229 3-7229
2000
17o 27’
3.18
3-4329
3-8329
3-2329
3-3329
3-5329
3-6329
3-1329 3-7329
300
400036o 52’
2.67
3-4349
3-8349
3-2349
3-3349
3-5349
3-6349
3-1349 3-7349
600
300 5o 9’
1.66
3-4639
3-8639
3-2639
3-3639
3-5639
3-6639
3-1639 3-7639
600
4006o 53’
1.66
3-4649
3-8649
3-2649
3-3649
3-5649
3-6649
3-1649 3-7649
600
5008o 37’
1.65
3-4659
3-8659
3-2659
3-3659
3-5659
3-6659
3-1659 3-7659
600
750
13o 0’
1.62
3-4679
3-8679
3-2679
3-3679
3-5679
3-6679
3-1679 3-7679
600
1000
17o 27’
1.59
3-4619
3-8619
3-2619
3-3619
3-5619
3-6619
3-1619 3-7619
600
125022o 1’
1.55
3-4609
3-8609
3-2609
3-3609
3-5609
3-6609
3-1609 3-7609
600
160028o 41’
1.46
3-4669
3-8669
3-2669
3-3669
3-5669
3-6669
3-1669 3-7669
830
80019o 23’
1.14
3-4889
3-8889
3-2889
3-3889
3-5889
3-6889
3-1889 3-7889
830
120029o 52’
1.05
3-4819
3-8819
3-2819
3-3819
3-5819
3-6819
3-1819 3-7819
900
50013o 0’
1.08
3-4719
3-8719
3-2719
3-3719
3-5719
3-6719
3-1719 3-7719
1200
250 8o 37’
0.82
3-4129
3-8129
3-2129
3-3129
3-5129
3-6129
3-1129 3-7129
1200
300 10o 22’
0.82
3-4139
3-8139
3-2139
3-3139
3-5139
3-6139
3-1139 3-7139
1200
400 13o 53’
0.81
3-4149
3-8149
3-2149
3-3149
3-5149
3-6149
3-1149 3-7149
1200
500
17o 27’
0.80
3-4159
3-8159
3-2159
3-3159
3-5159
3-6159
3-1159 3-7159
1200
750
26o 44’
0.74
3-4179
3-8179
3-2179
3-3179
3-5179
3-6179
3-1179 3-7179
1200
1000 36o 52’
0.67
3-4119
3-8119
3-2119
3-3119
3-5119
3-6119
3-1119 3-7119
1800
240 12o 29’
0.54
3-4169
3-8169
3-2169
3-3169
3-5169
3-6169
3-1169 3-7169
1800
500 26o 44’
0.50
3-4189
3-8189
3-2189
3-3189
3-5189
3-6189
3-1189 3-7189
Price ($)
55.00
99.00
99.00
105.00
159.00
69.00
69.00 129.00
300
(All dimensions in millimeters) See page 12 for typical efficiency curves.
Page 14
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
High Resolution Gratings and Echelles Diffraction Gratings
High Resolution Holographic Gratings
GROOVES OPTIMUM DISPERSION /MM
EFFICIENCY
(nm/mr)
12.7 x 12.7 25 x 25 25 x 25
x 6
x 6 x 9.5
30 x 30
x 9.5
50 x 50
x 9.5
12.5 x 25 12.5 x 25 25 x 50
x 6
x 9.5
x 9.5
600
UV
1.67 @ 250 NM
3-4027
3-8027
3-2027
3-3027
3-5027
3-6027
3-1027 3-7027
1000
UV
0.99 @ 250 NM
3-4067
3-8067
3-2067
3-3067
3-5067
3-6067
3-1067 3-7067
1200
UV
0.82 @ 250 NM
3-4127
3-8127
3-2127
3-3127
3-5127
3-6127
3-1127 3-7127
1200
VIS
0.79 @ 500 NM
3-4128
3-8128
3-2128
3-3128
3-5128
3-6128
3-1128 3-7128
1800
UV
0.54 @ 250 NM
3-4187
3-8187
3-2187
3-3187
3-5187
3-6187
3-1187 3-7187
1800
VIS
0.50 @ 500 NM
3-4188
3-8188
3-2188
3-3188
3-5188
3-6188
3-1188 3-7188
2400
UV
0.40 @ 250 NM
3-4247
3-8247
3-2247
3-3247
3-5247
3-6247
3-1247 3-7247
2400
VIS
0.33 @ 500 NM
3-4248
3-8248
3-2248
3-3248
3-5248
3-6248
3-1248 3-7258
3600
UV
0.25 @ 250 NM
3-4367
3-8367
3-2367
3-3367
3-5367
3-6367
3-1367 3-7367
Price ($)
65.00
115.00
115.00
145.00
239.00
79.00
79.00 149.00
(All dimensions in millimeters) See page 13 for typical efficiency curves.
COATINGS
Protective overcoatings that maintain or enhance reflectivity in the UV, Visible and IR regions are available for
an additional charge.
Gold Overcoat (AU-3) ........ $60.00 each
Optometrics Corporation
Aluminum Magnesium Fluoride (ALMG-3) ....... $55.00 each
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 15
Diffraction Gratings TF and UTF Series Gratings
TF and UTF Series Gratings and Echelles for Dye Lasers
Replica gratings produced by a proprietary process to withstand high incident energies. Damage thresholds
as high as 250 watts/cm2 for CW sources are available. (For damage threshold specifications see page 9)
TF and UTF Series Gratings
DISPERSION
GROOVES
BLAZE
BLAZE λ
(nm/mr)
PER MM
ANGLE
(nm)
@ 500 nm
12.7 x 12.7
x 6
25 x 25
x 9.5
30 x 30
x 9.5
50 x 50
x 9.5
TF SERIES
1200
10o 22’
300
0.82
3-4131
3-2131
3-3131
3-5131
1200
17o 26’
500
0.79
3-4151
3-2151
3-3151
3-5151
1200
26o 45’
750
0.74
3-4171
3-2171
3-3171
3-5171
1200
36o 52’
1000
0.67
3-4111
3-2111
3-3111
3-5111
1800
26o 45’
500
0.50
3-4851
3-2851
3-3851
3-5851
Price ($)
75.00
99.00
105.00
150.00
UTF-P SERIES (Pulsed)
1200
10o 22’ 300
0.82
3-4133 3-2133 3-31333-5133
1200
17o 26’
500
0.79
3-4153
3-2153
3-3153
3-5153
1200
26o 45’
750
0.74
3-4173
3-2173
3-3173
3-5173
1200
36o 52’
1000
0.67
3-4113
3-2113
3-3113
3-5113
1800
26o 45’
500
0.50
3-4853
3-2853
3-3853
3-5853
Price ($)
95.00
125.00
135.00
195.00
UTF-CW SERIES (Continuous)
1200
10o 22’ 300
0.82
3-4134 3-2134 3-31343-5134
1200
17o 26’
500
0.79
3-4154
3-2154
3-3154
3-5154
1200
26o 45’
750
0.74
3-4174
3-2174
3-3174
3-5174
1200
36o 52’
1000
0.67
3-4114
3-2114
3-3114
3-5114
1800
26o 45’
500
0.50
3-4854
3-2854
3-3854
3-5854
Price ($)
109.00
149.00
Page 16
159.00
235.00
All dimensions in millimeters.
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
TF and UTF Series Gratings Diffraction Gratings
TF and UTF Series Gratings - Echelles
DISPERSION
GROOVES
BLAZE
BLAZE λ
(nm/mr)
PER MM
ANGLE
(nm)
@ 500 nm
12.5 x 25
x 6
12.5 x 25
x 9.5
12.5 x 50
x 9.5
25 x 50
x 9.5
TF Series
31.6
63o
Echelle
14.37
3-6311
3-1311
3-9311
3-7311
316
63o
Echelle
1.44
3-6362
3-1362
3-9362
3-7362
79
75o
Echelle
3.28
3-6771
3-1771
3-9771
3-7771
79
63o
Echelle
5.75
3-6731
3-1731
3-9731
3-7731
Price ($)
85.00
85.00
99.00
149.00
UTF-P (Pulsed)
31.6
63o
Echelle
14.37
3-6313
3-1313
3-9313
3-7313
316
63o
Echelle
1.44
3-6363
3-1363
3-9363
3-7363
79
75o
Echelle
3.28
3-6773
3-1773
3-9773
3-7773
79
63o
Echelle
5.75
3-6733
3-1733
3-9733
3-7733
Price ($)
105.00
105.00
125.00
190.00
UTF-CW (Continuous)
31.6
63o
Echelle
14.37
3-6314
3-1314
3-9314
3-7314
316
63o
Echelle
1.44
3-6364
3-1364
3-9364
3-7364
79
75o
Echelle
3.28
3-6774
3-1774
3-9774
3-7774
79
63o
Echelle
5.75
3-6734
3-1731
3-9734
3-7734
Price ($)
129.00
129.00
149.00
225.00
All dimensions in millimeters.
Optometrics Corporation
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 17
Diffraction Gratings Grazing
Incidence Gratings
Grazing Incidence Gratings
Grazing
Grazing Incidence
Incidence Gratings
Gratings
Holographic
Holographic gratings
gratings
able
able for
for use
use in
in the
the
(0.5”
(0.5” xx 2”)
2”) with
with a
a typical
typical efficiency
efficiency of
of 24%,
24%, single
single pass,
pass, and
and a
a similarly
similarly sized
sized mirror,
mirror, are
are suitsuitgrazing
incidence
configuration.
grazing incidence configuration.
Grazing
Grazing incidence
incidence is
is a
a simple
simple and
and inexpensive
inexpensive optioptical
cal configuration,
configuration, as
as described
described in
in Applied
Applied Optics,
Optics, July
July
1978,
p.
2224,
that
can
tune
and
increase
the
resolu1978, p. 2224, that can tune and increase the resolution
tion of
of a
a dye
dye laser.
laser. A
A holographic
holographic grating,
grating, functioning
functioning
as
an
end
reflector
in
a
dye
laser
cavity,
is
as an end reflector in a dye laser cavity, is positioned
positioned
so
so that
that laser
laser radiation
radiation strikes
strikes the
the grating
grating almost
almost perperpendicular
to
the
grating
normal.
As
the
angle
pendicular to the grating normal. As the angle of
of
incidence
incidence approaches
approaches 89
89 degrees,
degrees, a
a relatively
relatively large
large
area
area of
of the
the grating
grating is
is illuminated
illuminated by
by the
the laser
laser beam,
beam,
increasing
increasing angular
angular dispersion
dispersion and
and resolving
resolving power
power
significantly.
significantly.
The
The sizes
sizes of
of the
the grating
grating and
and mirror
mirror (12.7
(12.7 mm
mm xx
50.8
50.8 mm)
mm) are
are optimized
optimized for
for grazing
grazing incidence
incidence and
and
minimize
the
cost
of
the
components.
The
grating
minimize the cost of the components. The grating
is
is fixed
fixed and
and tuning
tuning is
is achieved
achieved by
by rotation
rotation of
of the
the
mirror.
The
laser
beam
is
diffracted
twice
in
grazing
mirror. The laser beam is diffracted twice in grazing
incidence,
incidence, resulting
resulting in
in a
a twofold
twofold increase
increase in
in resolution.
resolution.
Low
grating
efficiency
is
characteristic
of
the
Low grating efficiency is characteristic of the grazing
grazing
incidence
incidence configuration
configuration but
but is
is compensated
compensated for
for by
by the
the
high
gain
of
the
dyes
used.
high gain of the dyes used.
Pump
Radiation
Fixed
Gratings
To Output
Coupler
Mirror
Grazing
Grazing Incidence
Incidence Configuration
Configuration
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
Grating
Grating (replicated
(replicated holographic):
holographic):
.........1200, 1800,
Grooves
Grooves per
per mm
mm..........1200,
1800, 2400
2400 or
or 3600
3600
Dimensional
tolerances
..........................
±
0.5
Dimensional tolerances........................... ± 0.5 mm
mm
Thickness .................................. 9.5
Thickness...................................
9.5 mm
mm ±
± 0.5
0.5 mm
mm
..............................10.0 xx 46.0
Clear
Clear aperture
aperture...............................10.0
46.0 mm
mm
Resolution ....................80% to
Resolution.....................80%
to 90%
90% of
of theoretical
theoretical
Efficiency
Efficiency at
at grazing
grazing incidence:
incidence:
Single pass
Single
pass......................................Approx.
.....................................Approx. 24%
24%
Double
pass
.....................................Approx.
Double pass......................................Approx. 4%
4%
Mirror:
Mirror:
Coating
Coating...................................................................Al
..................................................................Al
Thickness .................................. 9.5
Thickness...................................
9.5 mm
mm ±
± 0.5
0.5 mm
mm
Any
Any standard
standard grazing
grazing incidence
incidence grating
grating is
is available
available with
with aa
P-type
or
CW-type
replication
coating
for
higher
damage
P-type or CW-type replication coating for higher damage
threshold
threshold performance
performance (see
(see Page
Page 9
9 specifications).
specifications).
Grazing
Grazing Incidence
Incidence Gratings
Gratings And
And Mirror
Mirror
REPLICATED HOLOGRAPHIC
REPLICATED
HOLOGRAPHIC GRATING
GRATING (12.7
(12.7 xx 50.8
50.8 mm)
mm)
GROOVES/MM
GROOVES/MM
1200
1200
1800
1800
2400
2400
3600
3600
Vis
Vis
Vis
Vis
Vis
Vis
UV
UV
CATALOG
CATALOG NO.
NO.
CATALOG
CATALOG NO.
NO.
BLAZE
(nm)
BLAZE lλ(nm)
NORMAL
NORMAL (TF)
(TF)
5-2401
5-2401
5-2402
5-2402
5-2403
5-2403
5-2404
5-2404
129.00
129.00
UTF-P
UTF-P (pulsed)
(pulsed)
5-2406
5-2406
5-2407
5-2407
5-2408
5-2408
5-2409
5-2409
159.00
159.00
UTF-CW
UTF-CW (Continuous)
(Continuous)
5-2410
5-2410
5-2411
5-2411
5-2412
5-2412
5-2413
5-2413
199.00
199.00
CATALOG
CATALOG NO.
NO. CATALOG
CATALOG NO.
NO.
PRICE
PRICE ($)
($)
MIRROR: Used in
MIRROR: Used
in conjunction
conjunction with
with grazing
grazing incidence
incidence gratings
gratings (above)
(above) for
for double
double pass
pass high
high resolution
resolution tuning
tuning of
of dye
dye lasers.
lasers.
12.7
12.7 xx 50.8
50.8 mm
mm
5-2405
5-2405
89.00
89.00
All
All dimensions
dimensions in
in millimeters.
millimeters.
Page
Page 18
18
(978) 772-1700 to Order
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
Corporation
Optometrics
Molecular
Diffraction Gratings
Gratings
Molecular Laser
Laser (ML) Gratings
Laser (ML)
(ML) Gratings
Gratings Diffraction
ML
ML GRATINGS
GRATINGS
POLARIZATION
POLARIZATION
ML
MLgratings
gratingsare
areoriginal
originalrulings
rulingsor
orreplicas
replicasthat
thatare
arenormalnormal- Typical
Typical efficiency
efficiency
curves illustrate
illustrate that,
that, in
in all
all cases,
cases, orioriefficiency curves
ly
used
as
end
reflectors
for
tuning
molecular
lasers.
enting
the
polarization
of
the
E
vector
(P-Plane)
perpenly used as end reflectors
enting the polarization of the E vector (P-Plane) perpenreflectors for tuning molecular lasers.
dicular
dicular to
to the
the grooves
grooves (E⊥)
(E⊥) increases
increases the
the efficiency
efficiency
over
efficiencyover
The
The output
output wavelength
wavelength of
of aa molecular
molecular or
or dye
dye laser
laser can
can a specific wavelength region. This should be considered
a specific
specific wavelength region. This should be considered
be
be tuned
tuned by
by rotating
rotating aa Littrow
Littrow mounted
mounted grating
grating around
around an
an when optimizing the figure of merit (Q) of a cavity, parwhen
optimizing the figure
figure of merit (Q) of a cavity, paraxis
axis parallel
parallel to
to the
the grooves.
grooves. The
The grating
grating equation:
equation:
ticularly
when
it
is
polarized
ticularly when it is polarizedby
byauxiliary
auxiliarycomponents
componentssuch
such
as
Brewster
angle
windows.
nλ
=
d(sin
i
+
sin
i')
as
Brewster
angle
windows.
nλ = d(sin i + sin i')
The
The angle
angle of
of incidence
incidence (i)
(i) is
is adjusted
adjusted to
to select
select the
the output
output output
wavelength
while
creating
a
narrow
gain
profile.
wavelength while creating a narrow gain profile.
profile.
BLAZE
BLAZE ANGLE
ANGLE AND
AND ALIGNMENT
ALIGNMENT
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
RELATIVEEFFECIENCY
EFFECIENCY
RELATIVE
where
where nn is
is the
the order
order of
of diffraction,
diffraction, λλ is
is the
the diffracted
diffracted
wavelength,
d
is
the
grating
constant
(the
distance
wavelength, d is the grating constant (the distance bebetween
tween successive
successive grooves),
grooves), ii is
is the
the angle
angle of
of incidence
incidence
measured
measured from
from the
the normal
normal and
and i'i' is
isthe
theangle
angleof
ofdiffraction
diffraction
measured
from
the
normal,
reduces
to
nλ
=
measured from the normal, reduces to nλ = 2d
2d sin
sin ii for
for
the
Littrow
configuration.
the Littrow configuration.
configuration.
E
E
E
E
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12
WAVELENGTH (microns)
WAVELENGTH (microns)
Because
Because the
the ML
MLseries
series of
of gratings
gratings are
are designed
designed for
for peak
peak
POLARIZATION
POLARIZATION DEPENDENT
DEPENDENTEFFICIENCIES
EFFICIENCIES
polarized
efficiency,
the
groove
angle
is
not
equivalent
polarized efficiency,
to
efficiency, the groove angle is not equivalent to
the
the Littrow
Littrow blaze
blaze angle
angle of
of the
the grating.
grating. As
As aa result,
result, when
when
using
a
He-Ne
laser
for
preliminary
grating
alignment,
using a He-Ne laser for preliminary grating alignment, the
the
brightest
brightest He-Ne
He-Ne order
order will
will not
not correspond
correspond to
to the
the blaze
blaze COATING
COATING
wavelength
wavelength of
of the
the grating.
grating. The
The grating
grating must
must be
be aligned
aligned ML gratings can be overcoated with gold, increasing the
ML gratings can be overcoated with gold, increasing the
using
using the
the calculated
calculated He-Ne
He-Ne order
order that
that corresponds
corresponds to
to reflectivity at 10.6 microns by approximately 1%, but
reflectivity
reflectivity at 10.6 microns by approximately 1%, but
the
the wavelength
wavelength of
of interest,
interest, regardless
regardless of
of its
its relative
relative the damage threshold in high power applications may
the
damage threshold in high power applications may
intensity.
intensity.
be
reduced.
be reduced. No
No damage
damage threshold
threshold minimums
minimums apply
apply for
for
overcoated
gratings.
The
blaze
arrow
marked
on
the
side
or
back
of
the
grating
overcoated
gratings.
The blaze arrow marked on the side or back of the grating
should
should be
be oriented
oriented as
as shown
shown below.
below.
BLAZED
BLAZEDGRATING
GRATINGIN
INLITTROW
LITTROW
(AUTOCOLLIMATION)
(AUTOCOLLIMATION)
To
To Cavity
Cavity
Littrow
LittrowAngle
Angle == ΟΟ == ii == i'i'
Normal
Normal
Optometrics Corporation
Optometrics Corporation
Optometrics
Corporation
Also
Also available
available as
as original
original gratings,
gratings, ruled
ruled directly
directly
into
an
aluminum
or
gold
coating
deposited
into an aluminum or gold coating deposited on
on aa
copper
substrate
resulting
in
an
inherently
higher
copper substrate
substrate resulting
resultingin
inan
aninherently
inherentlyhigher
highdamage
threshold
.
They
are
recommended
er
damage
threshold.
Theyare
are recommended
recommendedfor
for
damage
threshold
. They
use
with
high
power
lasers.
use with high power lasers.
See
Laser
Products
brochure.
See our
our Infared
and Laser
Products
brochure.
Laser Optics
Optics
Products
brochure.
email:
email: sales@optometrics.com
sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page
Page 19
19
Diffraction Gratings Molecular Laser (ML) Gratings
SPECIFICATIONS
Summary ML Grating Specifications
MODEL NO.
GROOVES/
MM
MIN. POLARIZED
ABS. EFFICIENCY
OPTIMUM
RANGE (µ)
(nm/mr)
ANGULAR
DISPERSION
Clear aperture........................................................90%
Grooves parallelism to edge.............................± 0.5°
Dimensional tolerances............................... ± 0.5 mm
Thickness:
Originals...................................... 10 mm ± 0.5 mm
Replicas..................................... 9.5 mm ± 0.5 mm
Damage threshold:
Original gratings:
CW laser............................................. 1 KW/cm2
Pulse laser (100 nsec pulse)................ 7 J/cm2
Replicated gratings:
CW laser............................................250 W/cm2
Pulsed laser (200 nsec pulse)........... 3.5 J/cm2
ML-301
75
≥ 88%
9.0 - 11.0
12.3
ML-302
100
≥ 88%
9.0 - 11.0
8.5
ML-303
150
≥ 88%
9.0 - 11.0
4.2
ML-304
135
≥ 88%
9.0 - 11.0
5.2
ML-401
150
≥ 88%
5.0 - 6.0
6.1
ML-402
300
≥ 82%
5.0 - 6.0
2.0
ML-501
300
≥ 80%
2.5 - 3.0
3.0
ML-502
450
≥ 85%
2.0 - 4.0
1.6
ML-601
300
≥ 80%
2.5 - 4.0
0.35
*See our website for typical efficiency curves.
ML Series Gratings
ML (Molecular laser) Series replicated ruled gratings are used primarily to tune the output wavelength of high
powered lasers. High peak efficiencies, typically from 92%–96%, are achieved by orientating the polarization of the “E” vector perpendicular to the grooves rather than the unpolarized average. Original MLs are ruled
directly into an aluminum coating on a copper substrate, resulting in an inherently high damage threshold. Standard MLs are available in a number of blaze wavelengths (2.8 µ to 16.0 µ) and groove spacings (75 g/mm to
450 g/mm).
ML Grating Replicas - Rectangles
MODEL
NO.
12.5 x 25 mm
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
ML-301
25 x 50mm
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
5-3810
5-3113
1” x .825”
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
5-3118
ML-302 5-38205-31235-3128
ML-303 5-38305-31335-3138
ML-304 5-38405-31435-3148
ML-401
5-4810
5-4113
5-4118
ML-402 5-48205-41235-4128
ML-501
5-5810
5-5113
5-5118
ML-502 5-58205-51235-5128
ML-601
5-6810
5-6113
5-6118
120.00
230.00
130.00
Page 20
Prices ($)
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
Molecular Laser (ML) Gratings Diffraction Gratings
ML Grating Replicas - Squares
MODEL
NO.
25 x 25 mm
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
30 x 30 mm
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
50 x 50 mm
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
58 x 58 mm
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
ML-301
5-3112
5-3119
5-3115
5-3116
ML-302
5-3122
5-3129
5-3125
5-3126
ML-303
5-3132
5-3139
5-3135
5-3136
ML-304
5-3142
5-3149
5-3145
5-3146
ML-401
5-4112
5-4119
5-4115
5-4116
ML-402
5-4122
5-4129
5-4125
5-4126
ML-501
5-5112
5-5119
5-5115
5-5116
ML-502
5-5122
5-5129
5-5125
5-5126
ML-601
5-6112
5-6119
5-6115
5-6116
180.00
190.00
290.00
350.00
PRICE ($)
ML Grating Replicas - Diameters
MODEL
NO.
25 mm DIA.
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
38 mm DIA.
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
50 mm DIA.
REPLICA
CAT. NO.
ML-301
5-3111
5-3117
5-3114
ML-302
5-3121
5-3127
5-3124
ML-303
5-3131
5-3137
5-3134
ML-304
5-3141
5-3147
5-3144
ML-401
5-4111
5-4117
5-4114
ML-402
5-4121
5-4127
5-4124
ML-501
5-5111
5-5117
5-5114
ML-502
5-5121
5-5127
5-5124
ML-601
5-6111
5-6117
5-6114
Price ($)
240.00
365.00
495.00
Optometrics Corporation
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 21
Efficiency Curves-ML Gratings
Diffraction Gratings Typical Efficiency
150 g/mm,
g/mm, blazed
blazed at
at 10.6
10.6 μµ (E
(E⊥))
150
Angular dispersion
dispersion 2.0
2.0 nm/mr
nm/mr
Angular
135 g/mm,
g/mm, blazed
blazed at
at 10.6
10.6 μµ (E
(E⊥))
135
Angular dispersion
dispersion 2.0
2.0 nm/mr
nm/mr
Angular
COATINGS
COATINGS
ML gratings
gratings can
can be
be overcoated
overcoated with
with gold,
gold, increasing
increasing the
the reflectivity
reflectivity at
at 10.6
10.6 microns
microns by
by approximately
approximately 1%,
1%, but
but
ML
the damage
damage threshold
threshold in
in high
high power
power applications
applications may
may be
be reduced.
reduced. No
No damage
damage threshold
threshold minimums
minimums apply
apply for
for
the
overcoated gratings.
gratings.
overcoated
Gold Overcoat
Overcoat (AU-3)
(AU-3) ....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................... $60.00
$60.00 each
each
Gold
Perpendicular
Polarization
(S)
Perpendicular
Polarization
Efficiency Curve
Curve Key
Key
Efficiency
Parallel
Polarization
(P)
Parallel
Polarization
All gratings
gratings are
are measured
measured in
in the
the Littrow
Littrow mounting
mounting in
in 1st
1st order
order
•• All
Average
Average
All gratings
gratings utilize
utilize an
an aluminum
aluminum (AI)
(AI) reflective
reflective coat
coat
•• All
These are several of Optometrics grating efficiency
curves. Efficiency curves for all Optometrics gratings
are available on our website, www.optometrics.com
These are several of Optometrics grating efficiency
curves. Efficiency curves for all Optometrics gratings
are available on our website, www.optometrics.com
Page 22
22
Page
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
(978) 772-1700 to Order
Optometrics
Optometrics Corporation
Corporation
TransmissionGratings
Gratings- --Visible
Visible&&
&NIR
NIR Diffraction
Transmission
DiffractionGratings
Gratings
Transmission
Gratings
Visible
NIR
Transmissiongratings
gratingsoffer
offera a
abasic
basic
Transmission
Transmission
gratings
offer
basic
simplicity
for
optical
designs
that
can
simplicity
for
optical
designs
that
simplicity for optical designs thatcan
can
bebeneficial
beneficialinin
infixed
fixedgrating
gratingapplicaapplicabebe
beneficial
fixed
grating
applications
such
as
spectrographs.
The
tions
such
as
spectrographs.
tions such as spectrographs. The
The
incidentlight
lightisis
isdispersed
dispersedonon
onthe
theopopincident
incident
light
dispersed
the
opposite
side
of
the
grating
at
a
fixed
posite
side
of
the
grating
at
a
fixed
posite side of the grating at a fixed
angle.Transmission
Transmissiongratings
gratingsare
arevery
very
angle.
angle.
Transmission
gratings
are
very
forgiving
for
some
types
of
grating
forgiving
for
some
types
of
grating
forgiving for some types of grating
alignmenterrors.
errors.
alignment
alignment
errors.
TYPICALSPECIFICATIONS-VISIBLE
SPECIFICATIONS-VISIBLE&&
&NIR
NIR
TYPICAL
TYPICAL
SPECIFICATIONS-VISIBLE
NIR
Substratematerial
material
......................................SchottB270
B270
Substrate
......................................Schott
Substrate
material.......................................Schott
B270
Thickness
nominal
Thickness
.................................................3mm
Thickness.
..................................................3mm
................................................3mmnominal
nominal
Dimensional
tolerances
....................................
±0.5mm
Dimensional
tolerances
....................................
±0.5mm
Dimensional tolerances..................................... ±0.5mm
Thicknesstolerances
tolerances.......................................
.......................................±0.5mm
±0.5mm
Thickness
Thickness
tolerances........................................
±0.5mm
PerformanceComparison
ComparisonVarious
VariousVisible
VisibleTxTx
TxGratings
Gratings
Performance
Performance
Comparison
Various
Visible
Gratings
Performance
Comparison
Various
Gratings
Performance
Comparison
Various
TxTx
Gratings
100100
90 90
80 80
l/mm
300300
l/mm
70 70
Absolute Efficiency (%)
Absolute Efficiency (%)
Newline
lineofof
ofreplicated
replicatedgratings,
gratings,spespeNew
New
line
replicated
gratings,
specifically
designed
for
use
in
transmiscifically
designed
for
use
in
transmiscifically designed for use in transmission…
sion…
sion…
60 60
600600
VISVIS
50 50
40 40
Bynecessity,
necessity,transmission
transmissiongratings
gratings
By
By
necessity,
transmission
gratings
require
relatively
coarse
groove
require
relatively
coarse
groove
require relatively coarse groove
spacingstoto
tomaintain
maintainhigh
highefficiency.
efficiency.
spacings
spacings
maintain
high
efficiency. As
the
diffraction
angles
increase
As
the
diffraction
angles
increase
As the diffraction angles increase
withthe
thefiner
finerspacings,
spacings,the
therefracrefracwith
with
the
finer
spacings,
the
refractive
properties
of
the
materials
used
tive
properties
of
the
materials
tive properties of the materialsused
used
limitthe
the transmission
transmissionatat
atthe
thehigher
higher
limit
limit
the
transmission
the
higher
wavelengths
and
performance
drops
wavelengths
and
performance
drops
wavelengths and performance drops
off.The
Thegrating
gratingdispersion
dispersioncharactercharacteroff.
off.
The
grating
dispersion
characteristics,
however,
lend
themselves
to
istics,
however,
lend
themselves
istics, however, lend themselvestoto
compactsystems
systemsutilizing
utilizingsmall
smalldedecompact
compact
systems
utilizing
small
detector
arrays.
The
gratings
are
also
tector
arrays.
The
gratings
are
also
tector arrays. The gratings are also
relativelypolarization
polarizationinsensitive.
insensitive.
relatively
relatively
polarization
insensitive.
600600
UVUV
30 30
1200
l/mm
1200
l/mm
20 20
E 300
E 300
E 600
E 600
E 600
E 600
UVUV
E 830
E 830
E 1200
E 1200
l/mm
830830
l/mm
10 10
0 0
300300
400400
500500
600600
700700
800800
Wavelength
(nm)
Wavelength
(nm)
900900
1000
1000
1100
1100
PerformanceComparison
ComparisonforforNIR
NIRTxTxGrating
Grating
Performance
TRANSMISSIONGRATINGS:
GRATINGS:
TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION
GRATINGS:
VISIBLE&&
&NIR
NIR
VISIBLE
VISIBLE
NIR
Thisline
lineofof
ofblazed
blazedtransmission
transmission
This
This
line
blazed
transmission
gratings
was
designed
foroptimum
optimum
gratings
was
designed
gratings was designedfor
for
optimum
performanceinin
inthe
thevisible
visibleand
andNIR
NIR
performance
performance
the
visible
and
NIR
spectrum,
offering
different
levels
of
spectrum,
offering
different
levels
spectrum, offering different levelsofof
dispersion.InIn
Inmost
mostcases,
cases,the
theefficienefficiendispersion.
dispersion.
most
cases,
the
efficiencyisis
iscompacompacycy
comparabletoto
tothat
that
rable
rable
that
ofreflection
reflection
ofof
reflection
gratingstyptypgratings
gratings
typically
used
ically
used
ically used
inthe
thesame
same
inin
the
same
region
ofthe
the
region
of
region of
the
spectrum.
spectrum.
spectrum.
300/24.8Degree
DegreeTxTx
TxGrating
Grating
300/24.8
300/24.8
Degree
Grating
PerformanceComparison
Comparisonforfor
forNIR
NIRTxTx
TxGrating
Grating
Performance
Performance
Comparison
NIR
Grating
300/31.7Degree
DegreeTxTx
TxGrating
Grating
300/31.7
300/31.7
Degree
Grating
Allgratings
gratingsmeasured
measuredatat
atzero
zerodegree
degreeangle
angleofof
ofincidence
incidence
AllAll
gratings
measured
zero
degree
angle
incidence
OptometricsCorporation
Corporation
Optometrics
Optometrics
Corporation
email:sales@optometrics.com
sales@optometrics.com
email:
email:
sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page2323
23
Page
Page
Diffraction Gratings Transmission Gratings - Visible & NIR
Transmission Gratings - Visible
Grooves/mm
Size
300 g/mm
600 g/mm
600 g/mm
830 g/mm
1200 g/mm (mm)
o
Blaze Angle
o
17.5 28.7 (VIS)
12.7 x 12.7
3-9801
12.7 x 12.7 (AR)
o
o
36.9
PRICE
($)
o
22 (UV) 29.87
3-9807
3-9813
3-9819
3-9825
59.00
3-9901
3-9907
3-9913
3-9919
3-9925
79.00
25 x 25
3-9802
3-9808
3-9814
3-9820
3-9826
89.00
25 x 25 (AR)
3-9902
3-9908
3-9914
3-9920
3-9926
119.00
30 x 30
3-9803
3-9809
3-9815
3-9821
3-9827
99.00
30 x 30 (AR)
3-9903
3-9909
3-9915
3-9921
3-9927
129.00
50 x 50
3-9804
3-9810
3-9816
3-9822
3-9828
165.00
50 x 50 (AR)
3-9904
3-9910
3-9916
3-9922
3-9928
195.00
12.5 x 25
3-9805
3-9811
3-9817
3-9823
3-9829
69.00
12.5 x 25 (AR)
3-9905
3-9911
3-9917
3-9923
3-9929
89.00
25 x 50
3-9806
3-9812
3-9818
3-9824
3-9830
129.00
25 x 50 (AR)
3-9906
3-9912
3-9918
3-9924
3-9930
159.00
Transmission Gratings - NIR
Size
(mm)
Grooves/mm
300 g/mm
31.7
300 g/mm Baze Angle
o
24.8
PRICE
($)
o
12.7 x 12.7
3-9201
3-9207
59.00
25 x 25
3-9202
3-9208
89.00
30 x 30
3-9203
3-9209
99.00
50 x 50
3-9204
3-9210
165.00
12.5 x 25
3-9205
3-9211
69.00
25 x 50
3-9206
3-9212
129.00
Transmission gratings can be made with AR coatings. Optometrics’ standard AR coating for gratings is intended
for use in the visible. In addition to increasing the throughput of the grating, an AR coating eliminates any secondary
spectra concerns caused by the back surface reflection. Please note, however, that AR coatings are designed for
peak performance at a specific wavelength and may detract from grating efficiency outside the design wavelength
range.
Page 24
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
Transmission Gratings
Gratings -- UV
DiffractionGratings
Gratings
Transmission
UV Diffraction
TRANSMISSION
1200 UV Tx Gratings
TRANSMISSION
GRATINGS - UV
GRATINGS - UV
100
1200 UV Tx Gratings
90
New UV Transmission Gratings are
Absolute Efficiency (%)
80
Newavailable
UV Transmission
Gratings
in standard sizes.
Theyare
are
available
in
standard
sizes. They
are
manufactured with carefully selected
manufactured
carefully
selected
UV materialswith
allowing
for optimal
perUV formance
materialsdown
allowing
fornm.
optimal
to 235
Zero perorder
data isdown
included
innm. Zero
all performance
formance
to 235
order
for those
in beam
datacurves
is included
in interested
all performance
splitting
applications.
curves
for those
interested in beam
splitting applications.
70
1200/36.9 UV +1
1200/36.9 UV 0
1200/26.7 UV +1
1200/26.7 UV 0
0
60
0
50
40
30
+1
20
+1
10
0
200
300
400
500
Wavelength (nm)
600
700
800
830/19.4 Degree UV Tx Gratings
100
830 UV Tx Gratings
90
Absolute Efficiency (%)
80
TYPICAL
SPECIFICATIONS - UV
TYPICAL
830/19.4 UV +1
830/19.4 UV 0
Substrate material ...........
SPECIFICATIONS
- UVUV grade
fused silica
Substrate material............ UV grade
Thickness ..................2mm nominal
Dimensional tolerancesfused
silica
..... ±0.5mm
Thickness...................2mm
nominal
Thickness tolerances ......... ±0.2mm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
Wavelength (nm)
600 UV Tx Gratings
800
900
1000
1100
1000
1100
100
Dimensional tolerances...... ±0.5mm
Thickness tolerances.......... ±0.2mm
600 UV Tx Gratings
90
Absolute Efficiency (%)
80
Transmission gratings can be
made with ARgratings
coatings.can
In addiTransmission
be
tionwith
to increasing
the(See
throughput
made
AR coatings.
page
24).ofIntheaddition
to increasing
the
grating, an
AR coating elimithroughput
the grating,
an AR
nates anyofsecondary
spectra
concoating
eliminates
any
secondary
cerns caused by the back surface
spectra
concerns
caused
by the
reflection.
Please
note, however,
back
surface
reflection. Please
that AR coatings are designed for
note, however, that AR coatings
peak performance at a specific
are designed for peak perforwavelength and may detract from
mance at a specific wavelength
efficiency
outside
theefdeandgrating
may detract
from
grating
sign
wavelength
range.
ficiency outside the design wave-
0
70
+1
60
600/22/0 UV +1
600/22.0 UV 0
600/17.5 UV +1
600/17.5 UV 0
0
+1
50
40
30
20
10
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
Wavelength (nm)
800
900
1000
1100
300 UV Tx
100
300 UV Tx Gratings
90
Absolute Efficiency (%)
80
300/8.8 UV +1
300/8.8 UV 0
All gratings measured at
zero degree angle of incidence.
70
0
60
+1
50
40
30
20
10
0
200
length range.
300
400
500
600
700
Wavelength (nm)
800
900
Transmission Gratings - UV
Size (mm)
300 g/mm
8.6°
600 g/mm
830 g/mm
g/mm
Transmission
Gratings
-1200
UV
17.5
19.4
36.9
600 g/mm
22°
°
12.7
Size x 12.7
(mm)
25 x 25
°
°
1200 g/mm
26.7°
Price ($)
Grooves/mm
3003-9401
g/mm
3-9402
8.6° 3-9411
600
g/mm
3-9412
22° 3-9441
1200 g/mm
3-9451
1200 g/mm
65.00Price
3-9422 Blaze Angle
3-9432
3-9442
3-9452
95.00 ($)
3-9421
600
g/mm
17.5° 3-9431
830 g/mm
19.4° 36.9° 26.7° 3-9403
3-9413
3-9423
3-9433
3-9443
3-9453
115.00
12.7 x5012.7
x 50
3-9401
3-9404
3-9411
3-9414
3-9421
3-9424
3-9431
3-9434
3-9441
3-9444
3-9451
3-9454
65.00
199.00
25 12.5
x 25x 25
3-9402
3-9405
3-9412
3-9415
3-9422
3-9425
3-9432
3-9435
3-9442
3-9445
3-9452
3-9455
95.00
75.00
30 x2530
x 50
3-9403
3-9406
3-9413
3-9416
3-9423
3-9426
3-9433
3-9436
3-9443
3-9446
3-9453
3-9456
115.00
149.00
50 x 50
3-9404
3-9414
3-9424
3-9434
3-9444
3-9454
199.00
3-9445
3-9455
www.optometrics.com
75.00
Page
25
30 x 30
12.5 x Optometrics
25
3-9405
Corporation
25 x 50
3-9406
Optometrics Corporation
3-9415
3-9425
3-9435
email: sales@optometrics.com
3-9416
3-9426
3-9436
email: sales@optometrics.com
3-9446
3-9456
www.optometrics.com
149.00
Page 25
Diffraction Gratings Reflecting/Transmitting
Reflecting/Transmitting “Polka Dot” Beamsplitters
Optometrics offers a line of broadband beamsplitters
with a nearly constant reflection
reflection to transmission ratio
over the entire 250 to 2000 nm or 400 to 2000nm
wavelength range. range. These beamsplitters consist of a
UV grade fused silica or a B270 glass substrate with
a vacuum deposited aluminum coating.
The aluminum coating is applied in apertures giving
the beamsplitter a “polka dot” appearance. appearance. Thus, the
beam is split by reflection
reflection from the aluminized coating and transmitted through the non-aluminized portion
of the substrate.
Incident
Light
Transmission
Reflection
Broadband Beamsplitter
45° Angle of Incidence
These versatile beamsplitters are useful over a wide
wavelength range and are negligibly angle sensitive,
thus making it ideal to split the energy emitted from
a radiant source.
SPECIFICATIONS
Beam split ratio tolerance......................................
tolerance ..................................... ± 5%
Minimum beam diameter for design split ratio.
..... 2 mm
ratio.......
Operating range...........250
range ..........250 to 2000nm (on fused silica)
Coating pattern.......................
pattern ...................... Square coated apertures
*Substrate.
...............................UV grade fused silica or
*Substrate.................................UV
B270 glass (VIS/NIR only)
Thickness.............................................
Thickness ............................................ 1.5 mm nominal
Size tolerance.
................................+ 0.0 mm, - 0.5 mm
tolerance..................................+
Design angle.............................................................45°
angle ............................................................45°
Broadband Beamsplitter
Larger sizes available upon request
Page 26
28
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
(978) 772-1700 to Order
OptometricsCorporation
Corporation
Optometrics
Reflecting/Transmitting “Polka Dot” Beamsplitters Diffraction Gratings
“Polka Dot” Beamsplitters
Reflecting/Transmitting Beam Splitters on UV Grade Fused Silica
90/10
80/20
70/30
60/40
50/50
40/60
30/70
20/80
SIZE
PRICE $
4-9001
4-8011
4-7001
4-6001
4-0001
4-0461
4-0371
4-2001
25.4 Dia.
125.00
4-9002
4-8012
4-7002
4-6002
4-0002
4-0462
4-0372
4-2002
25.4 x 25.4
125.00
4-9003
4-8013
4-7003
4-6003
4-0003
4-0463
4-0373
4-2003
38.0 Dia.
179.00
4-9004
4-8014
4-7004
4-6004
4-0004
4-0464
4-0374
4-2004
38.0 x 38.0
179.00
4-9005
4-8015
4-7005
4-6005
4-0005
4-0465
4-0375
4-2005
50.8 Dia.
399.00
4-9006
4-8016
4-7006
4-6006
4-0006
4-0466
4-0376
4-2006
50.8 x 50.8
399.00
4-9007
4-8017
4-7007
4-6007
4-0007
4-0467
4-0377
4-2007
12.7 Dia.
75.00
Reflecting/Transmitting Beam Splitters on B270 Glass
90/10
80/20
70/30
60/40
50/50
40/60
30/70
20/80
SIZE
PRICE $
4-9101
4-8101
4-7101
4-6101
4-0101
4-4161
4-3101
4-2101
25.4 Dia.
95.00
4-9102
4-8102
4-7102
4-6102
4-0102
4-4162
4-3102
4-2102
25.4 x 25.4
95.00
4-9103
4-8103
4-7103
4-61034-01034-4163
4-3103 4-2103
38.0 Dia.139.00
4-9104
4-8104
4-7104
4-6104
4-9105
4-8105
4-7105
4-61054-01054-4165
4-3105 4-2105
50.8 Dia.249.00
4-9106
4-8106
4-7106
4-6106
4-0106
4-4166
4-3106
4-2106
50.8 x 50.8
249.00
4-9107
4-8107
4-7107
4-6107
4-0107
4-4167
4-3107
4-2107
12.7 Dia.
50.00
Optometrics Corporation
4-0104
4-4164
email: sales@optometrics.com
4-3104
4-2104
38.0 x 38.0
www.optometrics.com
139.00
Page 27
Diffraction
GratingsGrating
Transmission
GratingDiffraction
BeamsplittersGratings
Transmission
Beamsplitters
Transmission grating beamsplitters are commonly used
for laser beam division and multiple laser line separawavelengths. The transmitted beam is
tion in visible wavelengths.
diffracted into multiple orders.
-nth
-2
-1 Order
Incident
Beam
Optometrics’ transmission grating beamsplitters consist
of an index matched epoxy replica on a polished
glass substrate for a high total efficiency. These
beamsplitters were designed specifically for useful
division of He-Ne lasers.
n
0 Order
+1 Order
+2
+nth
TRANSMISSION GRATING BEAMSPLITTER
Several gratings are available offering different disperdistributions. The diffraction angle for
sion and power distributions.
any wavelength may be calculated using the grating
equation for normal incident light.
Transmission Grating Beamsplitter
Grating Equation:
θnn = sin-1-1
Where:
θnn
n
n
λλ
d
d
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
nλ
nλ
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL
d
Material.......................................................
...................................................... Schott B270
Material
Size........................................
Size
....................................... 25 mm square maximum
Thickness................................................
Thickness
............................................... 3 mm nominal
Tolerances.......................................................
Tolerances
...................................................... ± 0.5 mm
diffraction angle for the nth order
diffracted order
wavelength of light
grating period
Transmission Grating
Grating Beamsplitters
Beamsplitters
Transmission
Used for He-Ne laser beam division and multiple laser line separation in visible wavelengths, the transmitted
beam is diffracted into multiple orders.
He-Ne DIFFRACTED
DIFFRACTED ORDER
ORDER
He-Ne
TYPICAL DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION @
@ 632.8
632.8 nm
nm (%)
(%)
TYPICAL
L/MM
L/MM
70
70
12.7 xx 12.7
12.7 mm
mm
12.7
CATALOG NO.
NO.
CATALOG
-2
-2
-1
-1
0
0
+1
+1
+2
+2
--
--
41
41
32
32
--
4-1270
4-1270
PRICE
PRICE
($)
($)
109.00
109.00
25 xx 25
25 mm
mm
25
CATALOG NO.
NO.
CATALOG
PRICE
PRICE
($)
($)
4-2570
4-2570
229.00
229.00
80525
2525
255
4-1280
80
5
25
25
5
4-1280
109.004-2580
229.00
109.00
4-2580
229.00
92-20
4520
20-
4-1292
92
20
45
4-1292
109.004-2592
229.00
109.00
4-2592
229.00
110 -- 25
252825
110
28
25
--
109.004-2511
229.00
109.00
4-2511
229.00
4-1211
4-1211
COATINGS
Protective overcoatings that maintain or enhance reflectivity in the UV, Visible and IR regions are available for
an additional charge.
Gold Overcoat (AU-3) ....... $60.00 each
Aluminum Magnesium Fluoride (ALMG-3) ...... $55.00 each
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Corporation
Page Optometrics
28
Optometrics Corporation
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 27
Terms and Conditions Diffraction Gratings
Quantity Discounts:
Shipments:
The purchase of multiple pieces of the identical item will
be discounted from the prevailing list price as shown
below. If more than 100 pieces of a specific item are
required, contact our Sales Department for additional
discounts.
Quantity
Discount (%)
3to 9
5
10to24
10
25to49
20
50to100
30
Custom Orders:
All custom orders must be prepaid before entered into
production. Cancellation charges will be assessed on
any order cancelled after production has been started.
Please see Prepaid payment methods.
Terms:
Prices are FOB Ayer, MA. Standard payment terms
are net 30 days for open account customers.
Methods of Payment:
Open Account:
To apply for an open account, please provide a U.S.
bank and three U.S. trade references.
Credit Cards:
Optometrics accepts Visa, MasterCard or American
Express credit cards on orders not exceeding
$2,000 in value. Orders exceeding $2,000 in value
may be paid by wire transfer or bank check.
COD:
Orders to U.S. addresses may be shipped on a COD
basis via UPS or Federal Express.
Prepaid:
Orders may be prepaid by money order, wire transfer
or company check (if encoded with an address and
drawn on a U.S. bank). A $35 additional fee is added
for wire transfers.
Optometrics Corporation
Are made via UPS ground service throughout the U.S. International orders are shipped via Federal Express. Freight and insurance charges will be prepaid and
added to your invoice. Air shipments or shipments via
alternative carriers are made only when requested and
authorized by the purchaser.
Returns:
To return a product within the warranty period, contact
Optometrics to obtain a Returned Goods Authorization
(RGA) number. Transportation costs for returned
goods must be prepaid. Repaired or replaced products
will be returned to you at Optometrics’ expense. For
out-of-warranty repairs, contact Optometrics to obtain
a Customer Return Authorization (CRA) number. No
repairs will take place until you have been notified of
the cost and have issued a purchase order to cover
these costs. All transportation costs are borne by
the user. A 15% restocking fee will be charged for all
unused returned goods. No product can be returned
for restocking after 90 days.
Warranty:
Optometrics warranties all products against defects in
materials and workmanship for one year from the date
of purchase with the exception of light sources which
are warranted for three (3) months. Optical components are warranted for one year against performance
defects only. Cosmetic defects that do not affect performance are not covered under this warranty.
Optometrics is not liable for any consequential or incidental damage arising from the sale of its product(s).
In any event, liability shall not exceed the invoice value of the product(s) sold. Accidental damage, neglect,
unreasonable use, attempted service, calibration, adjustments or cleaning not explicitly called for in an instruction manual voids the Optometrics warranty.
Optometrics makes no warranty other than described
above for its products or for their performance in a
specific application.
Contact Details:
Optometrics Corporation
8 Nemco Way, Ayer, MA 01432 USA
Tel: (978) 772-1700 • Fax: (978) 772-0017
Email: sales@optometrics.com
web: http://www.optometrics.com
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 29
Optometrics Corporation Order Form / Request for Quotation
Stony
Brook Industrial
Park, 8 Nemco Way, Ayer, MA 01432
Diffraction
Gratings
Fax Your Order/Quotation
(978) 772-0017 24 hours a day
Requisitioner ____________________________ Date__________________
To Order by Phone
(978) 772-1700
Monday - Friday
8:30 AM to 5:00 PM EST
Email Address __________________________ Phone_________________
Purchasing Agent________________________ Fax___________________
Request for Quotation (I wish to be contacted with a quotation)
Purchase Order RFQ#_________________
P.O. Number____________ Bill To: (Please print or type)
Ship To: (If different than Bill To; A street address is required)
Name___________________________________________
Name___________________________________________
Organization_____________________________________
Organization_____________________________________
Address_________________________________________
Address_________________________________________
Address _____________________ Dept_______________
Address _____________________ Dept_______________
City ________________ State _____ Zip________________
City ________________ State _____ Zip________________
Country ______________________ Postal Code_________
Country ______________________ Postal Code_________
Phone ( ) __________________ Ext________________
Phone ( ) __________________ Ext________________
Fax ( )_______________________________________ Fax ( )_______________________________________ Catalog No. Qty Item Description Payment
Open Accounts: Available to current customers in good
standing and new customers with approved credit.
Date Required________________________________
Shipping Instructions___________________________
❏ C.O.D.
❏ Prepaid Check No.____________
Credit Card
❏ MasterCard
❏ Visa
Card No. Price Each Total($)
Total Merchandise
Shipping/Handling Charges via UPS
Circle 3 Day, 2 Day or Overnight below
Mass Residents, add 5% tax or enclose tax exempt certificate
Total Amount of Order
❏ American Express
Expiration Date
Name as it appears on the card (Please print or type)
Signature (Required)
Page 30
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation
Diffraction Gratings
Optometrics Corporation
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Page 31
Diffraction Gratings
Optometrics Corporation
Wavelength Selection Solutions
8 Nemco Way • Ayer, MA 01432 USA
Tel: 978-772-1700 • Fax: 978-772-0017
Email: sales@optometrics.com
URL: www.optometrics.com
Diffraction Gratings
2012 Catalog
Special sizes or other substrates available.
Quantity discounts available and OEM inquiries welcome.
For more information, contact Optometrics Corporation
at sales@optometrics.com.
www.optometrics.com • 978-772-1700
A Dynasil Company
Rev: 9.24.12
Page 32
email: sales@optometrics.com
www.optometrics.com
Optometrics Corporation