Q1. The picture shows a fairground carousel.
The diagram shows the position of one child, at one point in the ride, viewed from above.
Picture Diagram
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the following sentences.
(a) The resultant force needed to keep the child moving in a circular path is called the centripetal circular gravitational force.
(b) The resultant force on the child acts in the direction
A.
B.
C.
(c) At the end of the ride, as the carousel slows down, the resultant force on the child decreases. stays the same. increases.
(1)
(1)
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
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Q2. The drawing shows a car tyre which is hanging from the branch of a tall tree.
(a) Draw an X on the diagram to mark the centre of mass of the tyre.
(b) Some children use the tyre as a swing. Pulling the tyre to one side and letting it go makes the tyre swing backwards and forwards like a pendulum.
(1)
The time it takes the tyre to swing from one side to the other and back again is called the time period.
(i) What is the unit for time period?
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(1)
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(ii) How would using a shorter rope change the time period of the swing?
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(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q3. (a) The diagram shows a gardener using a steel bar to lever a tree stump out of the ground.
When the gardener pushes with a force of 300 N the tree stump just begins to move.
Calculate the moment produced by the gardener on the steel bar.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
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Moment = ........................................
(4)
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(b) Using a longer steel bar would have made it easier for the gardener to lever the tree stump out of the ground.
Explain why.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Q4. The drawing shows a sign which hangs outside a shop.
(a) Draw an X on the sign so that the centre of your X is at the centre of mass of the sign.
(b) Use a ruler to draw one axis of symmetry on the sign.
(1)
(1)
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(c) One force which acts on the sign is its weight.
Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.
The moment of the weight produces an accelerating a balancing a turning effect.
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q5. (a) The diagrams show a windsurfer pulling up the sail of a sailboard. The mast pivots at point P.
In which position, A, B or C must the windsurfer pull with the largest force? Give a reason for your answer.
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(2)
(b) Once the mast is upright, the windsurfer and the sailboard are in equilibrium.
(i) What does in equilibrium mean?
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(1)
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(ii) The weight of the windsurfer is 700 newtons. Use the equation below to calculate the moment exerted by the windsurfer on the sailboard. Show clearly how you work out your answer. moment = force × perpendicular distance from pivot
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Moment = ......................................... Nm
(2)
(iii) Use the relationship below to calculate the horizontal force of the wind on the sail.
Show clearly how you work out your answer. total clockwise moment = total anticlockwise moment
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Force = ........................................ N
(2)
(c) As the wind speed increases the windsurfer leans further out from the sailboard.
This position allows the windsurfer and sailboard to stay in equilibrium. Explain why.
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(3)
(Total 10 marks)
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Q6. The diagram shows two children playing with a toy called a swing ball. The ball is joined to a pole by a strong string. The children hit the ball so that it goes round in a circular path.
(a) Which force causes the ball to move in a circle?
Draw a ring around your answer.
air resistance tension weight
(b) Complete the sentences by ticking ( ) the correct ending.
(i) The force needed to make the ball move in a circular path is larger if the speed of the ball is increased. the speed of the ball is decreased. the string is made longer.
(ii) The continuous acceleration of a ball moving in a circular path changes the speed of the ball. the direction of the ball. the weight of the ball.
(1)
(1)
(1)
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(c) Which of the following words is used to describe any force that causes an object to move in a circular path?
Draw a ring around your answer.
centripetal frictional gravitational universal
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q7. The diagram shows two buses. Bus A is empty. Bus B contains bags of sand upstairs to represent passengers.
Each bus has been tilted as far as it can without falling over.
(a) Each bus will topple over if it is tilted any further.
Explain, in as much detail as you can, why this will happen.
(You can draw on one of the diagrams as part of your answer if you want to.)
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(b) What difference does it make to the stability of the bus when the upper deck is full of
“passengers”? Explain your answer as fully as you can.
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(2)
(3)
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(c) Why are the bags of sand in bus B only put upstairs?
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q8. (a) The diagram shows a lampshade hanging from the ceiling. Draw an X on the diagram so that the centre of the X marks the centre of the mass of the lampshade.
(a) Complete the sentence using the correct word or phrase from the box.
above below to the left of to the right of
A suspended object will come to rest with its centre of mass directly
................................................. the point of suspension.
(1)
(1)
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(c) The diagrams show equipment that a student uses to find the centre of mass of a thin sheet of card.
Arrange these sentences in the correct order to describe how the student can find the centre of mass of the card.
The sequence starts with sentence D and finishes with sentence E.
A A line is drawn on the card marking the position of the string.
B The pin is put through one of the holes in the card and held in the boss.
C This is repeated using the other hole.
D Two holes are made in the card with each hole near to the edge of the card.
E The centre of mass is where the lines cross on the card.
F The weight is tied to the string and then the string is hung from the pin.
D E
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
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M1. (a) centripetal
(b) B
(c) decreases
M2. (a) X drawn at the centre of the tyre judge by eye
(b) (i) second
(ii) decreases it
M3. (a) (i) 360 allow 1 mark for correct length used ie 1.2 m allow 2 marks for substitution into correct equation - ie 300 × 1.2 allow 1 mark only for an answer 240
(ii) Newton-metre or Nm
(b) the force is applied further from the pivot which causes an increased moment to act on the steel bar and therefore an increased force acts on the tree stump
3
1
1
1
1
M4. (a) centre of X at the centre of the concentric circles judge by eye that the intention is correct
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
[3]
[3]
[7]
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(b) drawn from any corner to the diagonally opposite corner judge by eye that the intention is correct
or from the mid-point of any side to the mid-point of the opposite side if more than one axis of symmetry has been drawn, accept only if both / all are correct
(c) a turning accept any unambiguous indication
M5. (a) A must be correct for reason to score moment (due to weight) of sail is the largest
or
(perpendicular) distance from pivot to rope the smallest do not accept sail is low or sail is too heavy
(b) (i) no resultant turning moment or in a state of balance or balanced allow clockwise moments = anticlockwise moments allow no resultant force allow (forces are) balanced allow no acceleration do not allow forces are equal
(ii) moment = 420 allow 1 mark for moment = 700 × 0.6 or
700 × a distance from diagram (1.5, 2.1, 0.9)
(iii) force = 280
420 = F × 1.5
or
F = 1 mark only if (b)(ii) obtained by a correct method (1470, 630, 1050)
1
1
1
2
1
1
[3]
2
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(c) (as wind speed increases) the force on the sail increases accept pressure aniticlockwise moment increases or moment on sail increases
1
1
so clockwise moment (or opposite moment) needs to increase (by increasing the distance from the pivot)
1
M6. (a) tension accept any unambiguous method of indication eg it’s underlined or ticked
1
(b) (i) speed of the ball is increased
(ii) the direction of the ball
1
1
(c) centripetal accept any unambiguous method of indication eg it’s underlined or ticked
1
M7. (a) idea
• line of action of weight/force/gravity
(if drawn: a vertical line through the centre of mass)
• falls outside the (wheel) base (mark NOT from diagram) for 1 mark each
2
(b) ideas that
• less stable/topples more easily
• centre of mass at a higher level
• so need small angle to make line of action of weight fall outside
(wheel) base for 1 mark each
3
[10]
[4]
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(c) idea that
this is the most unstable condition (when bus used)
or this makes c. of m. as high as it is likely to be for 1 mark
M8. (a) centre of X should appear to be on the continued line of the flex and in the body of the lamp as judged by eye example
1
[6]
(b) below
(c)  (D)→B→F→A→C→(E) all four correct for 3 marks
or any two correct for 2 marks
or just one correct for 1 mark
1
1
3
[5]
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