148
APPENDIX G
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSES
PAGE
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSES FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO
IONIZING RADIATION
149
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMITS TO RF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
150
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMITS TO AIRBORNE ULTRASOUND
151
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMITS TO LASER RADIATION
152-154
149
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSES FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION
ANNUALLY
mSv
1.
Whole Body
(eyes, gonads, bone marrow)
a) prospective limit
(before 1/1/61)
B) retrospective limit
(before 1/1/61)
2.
Skin
3.
Hands and Forearm
4.
Feet and Ankles
5.
Minors (under 18 years)
6.
Fertile women
(with respect to fetus)
7.
Lens of the Eye
(mRem)
QUARTERLY
(mSv)
(mRem)
50
(5,000)
12.5
(1,250)
150
(15,000)
37.5
(3,750)
50
(5,000)
12.5
(1,250)
500
(50,000)
75.0
(7,500)
500
(50,000)
125.0
(12,500)
500
(50,000)
125.0
(12,500)
5
(500)
1.25
(125)
5
(500)
(in gestation period)
150
(15,000)
37.5
(3,750)
150
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMITS TO RF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS*
Table 1.
Occupational exposure limits to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Frequency Range
(MHZ)
0.1
>1.0
>10.0
>400.0
- 1
- 10
- 400
- 2000
>2000.0 - 300000
Unperturbed RMS
electric field
strength
(V m -1)
Unperturbed RMS
magnetic field
strength
(A m -1)
Equivalent plane
wave power
density
(W m -2)
614
1.6/f
.....
614/f
1.6/f
.....
61
0.16
10
3 f 1/2
0.008 f 1/2
f/40
137
0.36
50
Note (a) Hazards of RF burns should be eliminated by limiting currents from
contact with metal objects. In most situations this may be achieved by
reducing the E values from 614 to 194 Vm -1 in the range from 0.1 to 1 MHZ and
from 614/f to 194/f 1/2 in the range from >1 to 10 MHZ.
(b) f = frequency in MHZ
**
These values are provided for information only and are not to be
considered for determining compliance.
Table 2.
fields
General Public exposure limits to radiofrequency electromagnetic
(IRPA 1988).
Frequency Range
(MHZ)
0.1
>1.0
>10.0
>400.0
- 1
- 10
- 400
- 2000
>2000.0 - 300000
Unperturbed RMS
electric field
strength
(V m -1)
Unperturbed RMS
magnetic field
strength
(A m -1)
Equivalent plane
wave power
density
(W m -2)
87
0.23/f 1/2
.....
87/f 1/2
0.23/f 1/2
.....
27.5
0.073
2
0.0037 f 1/2
f/200
0.16
10
2.375 f 1/2
61
f = frequency in MHZ
** These values are provided for information only and are not to be considered
for determining compliance.
151
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMITS TO AIRBORNE ULTRASOUND*
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Limits for continuous occupational exposure to airborne ultrasound
Mid Frequency of
One-Third Octave Band
(kHz)
Sound Pressure Level
(dB re: 20 ¼Pa)
20
25
31.5
40
50
63
80
100
75
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
Modification to occupational exposure limits given in Table 1 for
exposure durations not exceeding 4 hours per day
Total Exposure Duration
(h)
Correction to SPL
(dB)
2 - 4
1 - 2
0 - 1
+3
+6
+9
Limits for continuous exposure of the general public to airborne
ultrasound
Mid Frequency of
One-Third Octave Band
(kHz)
Sound Pressure Level
(dB re: 20 ¼Pa)
20
25
31.5
40
50
63
80
100
70
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
152
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMITS TO LASER RADIATION
MPE for Direct Ocular Exposure*
Intrabeam Viewing, to a Laser Beam
Wavelength, »
(¼m)
Ultraviolet
0.200 - 0.302
0.303
0.304
0.305
0.306
0.307
0.308
0.309
0.310
0.311
0.312
0.313
0.314
0.315 - 0.400
0.315 - 0.400
0.315 - 0.400
Visible and
Near
Infrared*
0.400 - 0.700
0.400 - 0.700
0.400 - 0.550
0.550 - 0.700
0.550 - 0.700
0.400 - 0.700
0.700 - 1.050
0.700 - 1.050
1.051 - 1.400
1.051 - 1.400
0.700 - 1.400
Exposure
Duration, Ä
(s)
Maximum Permissible
Exposure
(MPE)
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-9-10
10-103
103-3 X 104
3 X 10-3 J " cm-2
4 X 10-3 J " cm-2
6 X 10-3 J " cm-2
1.0 X 10-2 J " cm-2
1.6 X 10-2 J " cm-2
2.5 X 10-2 J " cm-2
4.0 X 10-2 J " cm-2
6.3 X 10-2 J " cm-2
1.0 X 10-1 J " cm-2
1.6 X 10-1 J " cm-2
2.5 X 10-1 J " cm-2
4.0 X 10-1 J " cm-2
6.3 X 10-1 J " cm-2
0.56t1/4 J " cm-2
1 J " cm-2
1 X 10-3 W " cm-2
Notes for Calculation and Measurement
or 0.56t1 / 4 J " cm- 2
1-mm limiting aperture
See Figs. 5 and 6 for graphical
representation.
5 X 10-7 J " cm-2
10-9-1.8 X 10-5
3/4
-5
1.8t
X 10-3 J " cm-2
1.8 X 10 -10
10 X 10-3 J " cm-2 7-mm limiting aperture.
10-104
1.8t3/4 X X 10-3 J " cm-2See 8.5 for multiple limitations.
10-¤ 1
-4
10CB X 10-3 W " cm-2 See Figs. 4 and 11 for graphic
¤ 1-10
CB X 10-6 W " cm-2 representation, and 8.2 and Figs. 8, 9,
104-3 X 104
and 12 for correction factors.
-5
-9
5
CA X 10-7 J " cm-2
10 -1.8 X 10
-5
3 1.8C t3/4 X 10-3 J " cm1.8 X 10 -10
A
2
10-9-5 X 10-5
-6
-5
3
5
X
10
J " cm-2
5 X 10 X 10
9t3/4 X 10-3 J " cm-2
103-3 X 104
320 CA X 10-6 W " cm-2
10-9-10-7
10-7-10
>10
Far Infrared
1.4 - 103
10-2 J " cm-2
0.56t1/4 J " cm-2
0.1 W " cm-2
See Table 9 for apertures.
See 8.6 for correction factors at 1.54 ¼m.
See Fig. 5 for graphic representation.
See Figs. 4, 5, and 6 for graphic representation.
NOTES:
CA
CA
CA
CB
CB
T1
=
=
=
=
=
=
1 for » = 0.400-0.700 ¼m.
10 2.0 (» - 0.700) for » = 0.700-1.050 ¼m (see Fig. 8).
5 for » = 1.050-1.400 ¼m.
1 for » = 0.400-0.550 ¼m.
10 15 (» - 0.550) for » = 0.550-0.700 ¼m (see Fig. 9).
10 X 10 20 (» - 0.550) for » = 0.550-0.700 ¼m (see Fig. 9).
*From American National Standards for the Safe Use of Lasers, ANSI Z136.1-1980
153
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMITS TO LASER RADIATION
MPE for Viewing a Diffuse Reflection*
of a Laser Beam or an Extended-Source Laser
Wavelength, »
Exposure
(¼m)
Duration, t
(s)
Ultraviolet
0.200 - 0.302
0.303
0.304
0.305
0.306
0.307
0.308
0.309
0.310
0.311
0.312
0.313
0.314
0.315 - 0.400
0.315 - 0.400
0.315 - 0.400
Maximum Permissible
Exposure
(MPE)
3 X 10-3 J " cm-2
4 X 10-3 J " cm-2
6 X 10-3 J " cm-2
1.0 X 10-2 J " cm-2
1.6 X 10-2 J " cm-2
2.5 X 10-2 J " cm-2
4.0 X 10-2 J " cm-2
6.3 X 10-2 J " cm-2
1.0 X 10-1 J " cm-2
1.6 X 10-1 J " cm-2
2.5 X 10-1 J " cm-2
4.0 X 10-1 J " cm-2
6.3 X 10-1 J " cm-2
0.56t1/4 J " cm-2
1 J " cm-2
1 X 10-3 W " cm-2
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-9-10
10-103
103-3 X 104
Visible*
0.400 - 0.700
0.400 - 0.550
0.550 - 0.700
0.550 - 0.700
0.400 - 0.700
10t1/3 X
10-9-10
10-104
3.83t3/4
10-T1
sr-1
¤ 1-10-4
104-3 X 104 1 21CB
1
Near
Infrared*
0.700 - 1.400
0.700 - 1.400
0.700 - 1.400
10-9-10
10-105
103-3 X 104
Far Infrared
1.4 - 103
10-9-10-7
10-7-10
>10
Notes for Calculation and
Measurement
or 0.56t1 / 4 J " cm- 2 , whichever is lower
1-mm limiting aperture
See Figs. 5 and 6 for graphical
representation.
10-3J " cm-2 " sr-1
21 J " cm-2 " sr-1
X 10-3 J " cm-2 "
X 10-3 J " cm-2
1-mm limiting aperture or ± m i n ,
whichever is greater.
See 8.5 and Figs. 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12
graphic representation and multiple
" sr- pulse limitations.
2.1CB 10-3 W " cm-2 " sr-
10 CA t1/3 J " cm-2 " sr-1
3.83CA t3/4 J " cm-2 " sr-1
0.64CAW " cm-2 " sr-1
10-2 J " cm-2
0.56 t1/4 J " cm-2
0.1 W " cm-2
See Table 9 for apertures.
See 8.6 for correction factors and
Fig. 6.
*See Fig. 7 for graphic representation and Fig. B3 of Appendix B.
NOTES:
CA
CA
CA
CB
CB
T1
=
=
=
=
=
=
1 for » = 0.400-0.700 ¼m.
10 2.0 (» - 0.700) for » = 0.700-1.050 ¼m (see Fig. 8).
5 for » = 1.051-1.400 ¼m.
1 for » = 0.400-0.550 ¼m.
10 15 (» - 0.550) for » = 0.550-0.700 ¼m (see Fig. 9).
10 X 10 20 (» - 0.550) for » = 0.550-0.700 ¼m (see Fig. 9).
*From American National Standards for the Safe Use of Lasers, ANSI Z136.1-1980
154
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMITS TO LASER RADIATION
MPE for Skin Exposure to a Laser Beam*
Wavelength, »
(¼m)
Ultraviolet
0.200 - 0.302
0.303
0.304
0.305
0.306
0.307
0.308
0.309
0.310
0.311
0.312
0.313
0.314
0.315 - 0.400
0.315 - 0.400
0.315 - 0.400
Visible and
Near Infrared
0.400 - 1.400
Far Infrared
1.4 - 103
Exposure
Duration, t
(s)
Maximum Permissible
Exposure
(MPE)
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-2-3 X 104
10-9-10
10-103
3
10 -3 X 104
3 X 10-3 J " cm-2
4 X 10-3 J " cm-2
6 X 10-3 J " cm-2
1.0 X 10-2 J " cm-2
1.6 X 10-2 J " cm-2
2.5 X 10-2 J " cm-2
4.0 X 10-2 J " cm-2
6.3 X 10-2 J " cm-2
1.0 X 10-1 J " cm-2
1.6 X 10-1 J " cm-2
2.5 X 10-1 J " cm-2
4.0 X 10-1 J " cm-2
6.3 X 10-1 J " cm-2
0.56t1/4 J " cm-2
1 J " cm-2
1 X 10-3 W " cm-2
10-9-10-7
10-7-10
10-3 X 104
10-9-10-7
10-7-10
>10
Notes for Calculation and Measurement
or 0.56t1 / 4 J " cm- 2 , whichever is lower
1-mm limiting aperture
See Figs. 5 and 6 for graphical
representation.
2CA X 10-2 W " cm-2 1-mm limiting aperture
1.1CAt1/4 X 10-3 J " cm- See figs. 6 and 8
2
0.2CA W " cm-2
10-2 J " cm-2
0.56t1/4 J " cm-2
0.1 W " cm-2
1-mm limiting aperture for 1.4 to 100 ¼m
11-mm limiting aperture for 0.1 to 1 mm
*From American National Standards for the Safe Use of Lasers, ANSI Z136.1-1980