United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Northern
Research Station
Research Note NRS-38
Specific Gravity and
Other Properties of
Wood and Bark for 156
Tree Species Found in
North America
Patrick D. Miles
W. Brad Smith
Abstract
Much information is available for specific gravity and other properties of wood and bark,
but it is widely scattered in the literature. This paper compiles information for estimation of
biomass for 156 tree species found in North America for use in national forest inventory
applications. We present specific gravities based on average green volume as well as
12 percent moisture content volume for calculation of oven-dry biomass. Additional
information is included on bark thickness, bark voids, and bark percentages by species
and green and dry weight of wood and bark.
Manuscript received for publication 29 June 2009
Published by:
U.S. FOREST SERVICE
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NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073-3294 October 2009
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Fax: (740)368-0152
Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/
Introduction
National forest inventories (NFIs) are a vital source of data for
estimating the volume, biomass, and carbon in trees. In the United
States, these estimates are based on data collected by the Forest
Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the U.S. Forest Service during
routine field inventories. Converting basic tree measurements from
these inventories to volume, biomass, and carbon requires information
for wood and bark, such as volume estimation equations, specific
gravity, and percentage bark. This paper provides the variables needed
to convert green volume estimates for the sound wood in the central
stem from FIA data to biomass estimates for stemwood and bark.
While there are more than 800 species of trees in U.S. forests (Little
1979), over 95 percent of the nation’s forest tree volume resides in the
156 species presented in Table 1A. Specific gravity and other properties
of wood and bark are presented in Tables 1 through 3 for these 156
North American tree species. Table 4 contains specific gravity estimates
for all species currently tallied on FIA field plots in the continental
United States.
Methods
We collected specific gravity data for wood and bark based on green
volume from published sources. These sources were selected on the
basis of availability of data reporting specific gravity estimates from
green volume and oven-dry weight (green specific gravity) for use with
field inventory data. Table 1A presents values for green specific gravity
from Jenkins et al. (2004) but with updated references. Additionally,
specific gravity based on 12 percent moisture content (MC) volume
and oven-dry weight is provided to facilitate estimating biomass from
measurements of volumes of processed forest products (lumber, veneer,
etc.). It should be noted that conversions involving biomass of primary
forest products, such as saw logs and pulpwood, should be based on
green specific gravity. Table 1B provides values for total oven-dry and
green weight for combined wood and bark when only wood volume is
known.
The Authors
PATRICK D. MILES is a Research
Forester, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern
Research Station, 1992 Folwell Ave.,
St. Paul, MN 55108;
e-mail: pmiles@fs.fed.us
W. BRAD SMITH is the National
Forest Inventory and Analysis Associate
Program Manager, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington
Office, 1601 N. Kent Street, 4th Floor,
Arlington VA 22209;
e-mail: bsmith12@fs.fed.us
Information was collected for bark volume as a percentage of green
wood volume from published sources as noted in the Tables 2A,
2B, and 3. Bark estimates based solely on double bark thickness or
diameter inside (DIB) and outside (DOB) bark relationships will
overestimate the true bark percentage due to unaccounted voids and
fissures characteristically found in tree bark. It is unclear which of
the referenced studies on bark accounted for this factor so estimates
presented may overstate the average bark percent by 10 to 25 percent of
the reported value depending on the species.
1
Table 2A look-up values for average bark percent by diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) class
(final percentages adjusted for estimated bark voids) were derived using the equation:
DBT = b0 + b1 * DIAMob
(1)
where
DBT = double bark thickness in inches
b0 and b1 = regression coefficients from Table 2A
DIAMob = diameter (inches) outside bark at specified stem location
This equation was used to estimate DBT at d.b.h. and at 4 inches top diameter outside bark.
The DBT value was subtracted from each outside diameter to derive inside bark diameter at
that point. The bark percentage at each point was then calculated. The bark percentage values
at d.b.h. and 4 inches were averaged and then adjusted by the bark void factor to calculate
the final bark percentage for each species and d.b.h. class as shown in Table 2A.
Table 2B provides estimates of bark percentage based on diameter inside bark regression data
found in Hilt et al. (1983). Estimates of bark percentage were computed at d.b.h. and at 4
inches outside bark, averaged, and then adjusted for estimated bark voids. Table 2B look-up
values for average bark percent by d.b.h. class were estimated using the equation:
2
DIB = b0 * DOB + b1 DOB /DBH
(2)
where
DIB = diameter (inches) inside bark
b0 and b1 = regression coefficients from Table 2B
DOB = diameter (inches) outside bark as specified stem location
DBH = diameter (inches) outside bark at breast height
Table 2A provides information on bark as a percentage of wood volume based on equations
from published double bark thickness (DBT) regressions adjusted for bark voids; Table 2B
provides information based on DIB/DOB relationships adjusted for bark voids. Table 3
presents bark percentages by species from averaged values in Tables 2A and 2B and other
referenced studies. Species values in Table 3 were used to assign bark percentages for species
with similar bark characteristics in Table 1A.
Calculating Biomass
Once central stem net wood volume has been estimated by a volume equation or other
means, this value becomes the basis for central stem biomass estimates of both wood and
bark. Central stem wood biomass is estimated using the equation:
Bodw = Vgw * SGgw * W
where
Bodw = oven-dry biomass (pounds) of wood
Vgw = net volume (cu. ft.) of green wood in the central stem
SGgw = green specific gravity of wood from Table 1A
W = weight of cu. ft. of water (62.4 pounds)
2
(3)
Central stem bark biomass is derived from:
Bodb = Vgw * BV% * SGgb * W
(4)
where
Bodb = oven-dry biomass (pounds) of bark
Vgw = net volume (cu.ft.) of green wood in the central stem
BV% = bark as a percentage of wood volume (look-up values by d.b.h. class from Table 2 or
average values from Table 1A or 3)
SGgb = green specific gravity of bark from Table 1A
W = weight of cu. ft. of water (62.4 pounds)
To calculate total central stem biomass, the following equation was used:
Bodt = Bodw + Bodb
(5)
where
Bodw = oven-dry biomass (pounds) of wood
Bodb = oven-dry biomass (pounds) of bark
And finally, to calculate total wood product biomass, this equation was used:
Bodp = Vp * SG12 * W
(6)
where
Bodp = oven-dry biomass (pounds) of wood product (lumber, veneer, etc.)
Vp = volume (cu. ft.) of wood product
SG12 = specific gravity based on 12% MC volume of wood from Table 1A
W = weight of cu. ft. of water (62.4 pounds)
Working with Bark Data when Only Total Volume is Available
Generally, NFI data are presented in terms of wood volume and Eq. 3 and Eq. 4 are used
to estimate total volume and biomass of wood and bark. If only gross volume of wood and
bark is available, separate estimates of bark and wood volume may be useful. Tables 2 and 3
provide information on bark as a percentage of total wood and bark for several species and
species groups. The percents are derived using the following formula:
BV%total = 100 * (BV%wood / (100 + BV%wood)) (7)
where
BV%wood = Bark volume expressed as a percentage of wood volume
BV%total = Bark volume expressed as a percentage of wood and bark volume
Biomass Adjustments
Forest trees are subject to many damaging agents, such as weather, insects, disease, and
fire that can affect tree volume and biomass estimates. Thus, adjustments may be needed
to account for rotten or missing wood caused by these agents. This requires additional
descriptive inventory data which may or may not be available. In the absence of such data,
3
models may be derived to estimate the average volume deduction for these factors to adjust
final tree volume and biomass estimates. This need for adjustment is noted here as a caution
when more precise values are required; such issues are not addressed in this paper.
Green Weight
In today’s wood markets, wood is often sold based on green weight. Values are presented
1
for average green weight in pounds per cubic foot and kilograms per cubic meter to
accommodate this calculation for both wood and bark. Green weights can be extremely
variable geographically, seasonally, within species, and across various portions of individual
trees. The values presented in Table 1A are useful for large-scale estimates but should be
considered as rough estimates for localized areas. An average value for wood and bark
combined may be derived with the following equation:
GWTwb = GWTw * (1 – BV%total /100) + GWTb * BV%total/100
(8)
where
(9)
BV%total = 100 * (BV%wood / (100 + BV%wood))
GWTwb = average green weight per cubic foot of combined wood and bark
GWTw = average green weight per cubic foot of wood
GWTb = average green weight per cubic foot of bark
Table 1B provides estimates of oven-dry and green weight for combined wood and bark
when only wood volume is known.
Comprehensive list of specific gravities
Currently there are 465 trees species listed in the reference species table of the FIA database
(FIADB; USDA For. Serv. 2009), and as previously stated, 156 of these species account
for more than 95 percent of the tree biomass in the United States. However specific gravity
estimates are needed for all 465 species (Table 4) to provide estimates of total tree biomass on
U.S. forest land. Specific gravity values for the 309 uncommon species are derived as follows:
If a tree species is not listed in Table 1A but multiple tree species of the same genus
are listed, then the unlisted species is assigned the average of the specific gravities
of the listed species of the same genus. There were 142 species in Table 4 that are
assigned specific gravities in this manner.
If a tree species is not listed in Table 1A but there is one tree species of the same genus
in Table 1A, then the unlisted species is assigned the specific gravity of the listed
species. Twenty-seven species in Table 4 are assigned specific gravities in this manner.
If a tree species is not listed in Table 1A and there are no tree species of the same
genus listed in Table 1A, then the unlisted tree species is assigned either the average
specific gravity of all the softwoods in Table 1A or all the hardwoods in Table 1A.
There are 115 species in Table 4 that are assigned specific gravities in this manner.
1
Biomass usually is reported in oven-dry metric tons. For convenience, tables in this report also
include densities for each species in kilograms per cubic meter
4
Today all trees are identified to species. In earlier inventories trees may have been identified
only to genus. To accommodate this older data, the reference species Table 5 contains 25
records where only the genus is listed. An example of this is the record “Fir spp”. The specific
gravity used for the “Fir spp” record is the average for all of the specific gravities for all of the
fir species listed in Table 1A. The specific gravities for the other 24 genus-only records are
similarly estimated.
Additional Information
Specific gravity of wood and bark can be quite variable depending on many factors, including
the geographic location of trees and moisture content, which varies by species, d.b.h., age,
and stem position. The values presented here are averages and should be used with caution for
estimates targeting small geographic areas requiring more precise values. Two excellent sources
of information on wood and bark, including how to make adjustments for alternative moisture
contents and other factors, are found in Bowyer et al. (2007) and Forest Products Laboratory
publications (USDA For. Serv. 1999, Simpson 1993). Additional information on individual
species characteristics is also available at the PLANTS database (USDA Nat. Res. Conserv.
Srvc. 2009).
The tables for this publication are available as electronic worksheets. These worksheets and
other information on the FIA program may be found at http://www.fia.fs.fed.us.
Literature cited
1. Alden, Harry A. 1995. Hardwoods of North America. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-83.
Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products
Laboratory. 136 p.
2. Alden, Harry A. 1997. Softwoods of North America. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-102.
Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products
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3. Barger, R.L.; Ffolliott, P.F. 1972. The physical characteristics and utilization
of major woodland tree species in Arizona. Res. Pap. RM-83. Ft. Collins, CO:
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properties of major hardwood species in the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains.
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Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 66 p.
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5
7. Einsphar, D.W.; Harder, M. 1976. Hardwood bark properties important to the
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application in the Lake States. USDA Tech. Bull. No. 1104. Washington, DC: U.S.
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important hardwood species. Res. Pap. NE-531. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 7 p.
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Canada: volume I - conifers. Appleton, WI: Institute of Paper Chemistry. 219 p.
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Canada: volume II - conifers. Appleton, WI: Institute of Paper Chemistry. 168 p.
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diameter-based biomass regressions for North American tree species. Gen. Tech.
Rep. NE-319. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northeastern Research Station. 45 p.
15.Koch, P.; Mullen, J.F. 1971. Thickness and specific gravity of inner and outer bark
of red oak and yellow poplar. Wood Science. 3(4): 214-17.
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Agric. Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
375 p.
17.Manwiller , F.G. 1975. Wood and bark moisture contents of small-diameter
hardwoods growing on southern pine sites. Wood Science. 8(1): 384-388.
18.Markwardt, L.J.; Wilson, T.R.C. 1935. Strength and related properties of woods
grown in the United States. USDA Tech. Bull. 479. Madison WI: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 479 p.
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diameter growth for southeastern species. Stn. Paper SE-60. Asheville, NC: U.S.
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6
20.Simpson, W.T. 1993. Specific gravity, moisture content, and density relationship
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commercial trees of British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: Faculty of Forestry,
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22.Smith, J.H.G.; Kozak, A. 1971. Thickness, moisture content, and specific gravity
of inner and outer bark of some Pacific Northwest trees. Forest Products Journal.
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Pap. NC-299. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central
Research Station. 48 p.
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volume. Res. Pap. NC-38. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service,
North Central Forest Experiment Station. 8 p.
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information applicable to timber in the South. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 8, State and Private Forestry.
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DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Available:
http://fia.fs.fed.us/library/database-documentation/. [Accessed 2009 Aug. 14].
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DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
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Jun. 14].
7
virginiana
laricina
occidentalis
decurrens
engelmannii
glauca
mariana
rubens
sitchensis
Juniperus
Larix
Larix
Calocedrus
Picea
Picea
Picea
Picea
Picea
Southern redcedar
Eastern redcedar
Tamarack (native)
Western larch
Incense-cedar
Engelmann spruce
White spruce
Black spruce
Red spruce
Sitka spruce
contorta
echinata
elliottii
flexilis
glabra
jeffreyi
lambertiana
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Lodgepole pine
Shortleaf pine
Slash pine
Limber pine
Spruce pine
Jeffrey pine
Sugar pine
clausa
virginiana
Juniperus
Utah juniper
edulis
osteosperma
Juniperus
Alligator juniper
Pinus
deppeana
Juniperus
Pinus
thyoides
Chamaecyparis
Atlantic white-cedar
Sand pine
nootkatensis
Chamaecyparis
Alaska yellow-cedar
Common or twoneedle pinyon
lawsoniana
Chamaecyparis
Port-Orford-cedar
attenuata
procera
Abies
Noble fir
banksiana
magnifica
Abies
California red fir
Pinus
lasiocarpa
Abies
Subalpine fir
Pinus
grandis
Abies
Grand fir
Knobcone pine
concolor
Abies
White fir
Jack pine
amabilis
11
117
116
115
113
111
110
108
107
106
105
103
98
97
95
94
93
81
73
71
68
67
65
63
43
42
41
22
20
19
17
15
12
0.36
0.42
0.44
0.42
0.59
0.51
0.41
0.48
0.57
0.43
0.42
0.36
0.40
0.46
0.40
0.35
0.37
0.52
0.53
0.47
0.44
0.72
0.51
0.32
0.44
0.43
0.39
0.38
0.32
0.37
0.39
0.35
0.43
25
25
25
2
25
25
25
25
2
25
a
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
2
a
2
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Reference
balsamea
22.5
26.2
27.5
26.2
36.8
31.8
25.6
30.0
35.6
26.8
26.2
22.5
25.0
28.7
25.0
21.8
23.1
32.4
33.1
29.3
27.5
44.9
31.8
20.0
27.5
26.8
24.3
23.7
20.0
23.1
24.3
21.8
26.8
360
420
440
420
590
510
410
480
570
430
420
360
400
460
400
350
370
520
530
470
440
720
510
320
440
430
390
380
320
370
390
350
430
0.34
0.37
0.41
0.37
0.54
0.47
0.38
0.46
0.50
0.40
0.39
0.33
0.37
0.38
0.37
0.33
0.35
0.48
0.49
0.44
0.42
0.68
0.48
0.31
0.42
0.39
0.37
0.36
0.31
0.35
0.37
0.33
0.40
25
30
25
2
25
25
25
25
2
25
30
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
2
3
2
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Reference
Abies
21.2
23.1
25.6
23.1
33.7
29.3
23.7
28.7
31.2
25.0
24.3
20.6
23.1
23.7
23.1
20.6
21.8
30.0
30.6
27.5
26.2
42.6
30.0
19.3
26.2
24.3
23.1
22.5
19.3
21.8
23.1
20.6
25.0
340
370
410
370
540
470
380
460
500
400
390
330
370
380
370
330
350
480
490
440
420
682
480
310
420
390
370
360
310
350
370
330
400
70
130
104
76
95
72
77
64
32
28
100
105
60
47
48
52
89
106
60
54
35
41
35
34
86
72
74
30
114
45
106
104
119
25
12
b
b
12
12
12
12
b
12
b
12
12
12
12
12
30
12
12
29
b
b
28
29
29
25
12
12
12
12
12
12
30
Reference
Abies
49
47
45
45
58
52
39
38
40
50
50
33
34
35
35
39
45
48
47
37
37
57
40
36
45
42
30
48
28
45
47
45
42
782
753
721
721
929
833
625
609
641
801
801
529
545
561
561
625
721
769
753
593
593
920
641
577
721
678
481
769
448
721
753
721
680
0.35
0.36
0.45
0.50
0.35
0.35
0.38
0.45
0.40
0.41
0.38
0.55
0.32
0.42
0.39
0.51
0.25
0.33
0.30
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.49
0.44
0.50
0.57
0.56
0.40
0.44
10
30
14
b
12
12
12
14
b
12
30
10
14
12
12
12
10
12
23
23
b
b
b
14
22
30
10
10
10
10
10
12
30
Reference
Pacific silver fir
FIA Specific
code gravity
21.8
22.5
28.1
31.2
21.8
21.8
23.7
28.1
25.0
25.6
23.7
34.3
20.0
26.2
24.3
31.8
15.6
20.6
18.7
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.6
27.5
31.2
35.6
34.9
25.0
27.5
350
360
450
500
350
350
380
450
400
410
380
550
320
420
390
510
250
330
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
490
440
500
570
560
400
440
88
34
25
12
88
60
64
89
60
92
69
81
75
91
77
79
28
65
98
60
60
60
60
100
112
64
64
20
63
63
63
100
64
Avg.
MC as
a % of
ovendry
weight
2
2
b
b
2
b
2
2
b
2
b
22
b
2
30
2
30
2
2
b
b
b
b
30
22
25
22
30
22
22
22
2
22
Bark
volume
41
30
35
35
41
35
39
53
40
49
40
62
35
50
43
57
20
34
37
40
40
40
40
50
53
41
50
33
51
58
57
50
45
657
481
561
561
657
561
625
849
641
785
641
993
561
801
689
913
320
545
593
641
641
641
641
801
849
657
801
529
817
929
913
801
721
25.6
25.6
13.4
13.4
18.0
16.0
8.9
15.0
13.4
14.0
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.0
13.0
11.2
17.0
14.0
14.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
11.6
11.6
11.6
10.8
10.8
10.8
12.0
12.0
12.0
14.0
Avg.
bark
Avg.
Avg. volume
green green as % of
wt.
wt.
wood
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) volume
Average mositure content
(MC) and green weight of
bark *
Reference
Balsam fir
Species
Genus
Common name
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight
(lb/cf) (kg/m3)
Green volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry
weight of bark
Avg.
Avg.
green green
wt.
wt.
Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
Average mositure content (MC)
and green weight of wood *
Avg.
Avg.
Avg. moisture
oven- ovencontent
dry
dry
as a % of
weight weight oven-dry
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) weight
Green volume basis
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
12% MC volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry weight of wood
Table 1A.—Specific gravity and oven-dry weight and green weight of wood and bark for tree species found in North America. Reference numbers in this table refer to numbered citations found
in Literature Cited section of this report.
8
a
a
a
a
26
26
21
26
a
9
30
21
a
a
a
21
a
a
23
23
a
a
a
a
21
a
a
a
21
a
a
9
30
Reference
macrophyllum
negundo
nigrum
pensylvanicum 315
rubrum
saccharinum
saccharum
Acer
Acer
Acer
Acer
Acer
Acer
Acer
Mountain hemlock
Bigleaf maple
Boxelder
Black maple
Striped maple
Red maple
Silver maple
Sugar maple
spp.
mertensiana
Tsuga
Western hemlock
Amelanchier
heterophylla
Tsuga
Eastern hemlock
Serviceberry spp.
canadensis
Tsuga
Western redcedar
rubra
plicata
Thuja
Northern white-cedar
Alnus
occidentalis
Thuja
Pacific yew
Red alder
brevifolia
Taxus
Baldcypress
flava
distichum
Taxodium
altissima
giganteum
Sequoiadendron
Giant sequoia
Aesculus
sempervirens
Sequoia
Redwood
Ailanthus
menziesii
Pseudotsuga
Douglas-fir
Yellow buckeye
virginiana
Pinus
Virginia pine
Ailanthus
taeda
Pinus
Loblolly pine
356
351
341
332
318
317
316
314
313
312
264
263
261
242
241
231
221
212
211
202
132
131
129
128
127
126
strobus
rigida
Pinus
Pitch pine
125
Pinus
resinosa
Pinus
Red pine
124
Eastern white pine
radiata
Pinus
Monterey pine
123
122
sabiniana
pungens
Pinus
Table Mountain pine
serotina
ponderosa
Pinus
Ponderosa pine
121
Pinus
palustris
Pinus
Longleaf pine
0.79
0.41
0.53
0.36
0.63
0.47
0.54
0.46
0.57
0.46
0.48
0.45
0.45
0.40
0.32
0.31
0.67
0.46
0.38
0.38
0.48
0.48
0.51
0.35
0.56
0.43
0.52
0.46
0.53
0.52
0.40
0.59
0.49
0.38
1
25
1
1
25
25
25
1
25
31
25
25
25
25
25
25
2
25
a
25
25
25
25
25
25
a
25
25
2
2
25
25
a
25
Reference
119
23.7
49.3
25.6
33.1
22.5
39.3
29.3
33.7
28.7
35.6
28.7
30.0
28.1
28.1
25.0
20.0
19.3
41.8
28.7
23.7
23.7
30.0
30.0
31.8
21.8
34.9
26.8
32.4
28.7
33.0
32.4
25.0
36.8
30.6
380
790
410
530
360
630
470
540
460
570
460
480
450
450
400
320
310
670
460
380
380
480
480
510
350
560
430
520
460
529
520
400
590
490
0.36
0.66
0.37
0.46
0.33
0.56
0.44
0.49
0.44
0.52
0.42
0.44
0.42
0.42
0.38
0.31
0.29
0.60
0.42
0.34
0.36
0.45
0.45
0.47
0.34
0.51
0.40
0.47
0.41
0.40
0.49
0.38
0.54
0.45
1
25
1
1
25
25
25
1
25
31
25
25
25
25
25
25
2
25
30
25
25
25
25
25
25
30
25
25
2
2
25
25
30
25
Reference
120
22.5
41.2
23.1
28.7
20.6
34.9
27.5
30.6
27.5
32.4
26.2
27.5
26.2
26.2
23.7
19.3
18.1
37.4
26.2
21.2
22.5
28.1
28.1
29.3
21.2
31.8
25.0
29.3
25.6
25.0
30.6
23.7
33.7
28.1
360
660
370
460
330
560
440
490
440
520
420
440
420
420
380
310
290
600
420
340
360
450
450
470
340
510
400
470
410
400
490
380
540
450
56
48
99
74
143
57
68
64
71
70
91
71
68
56
111
40
99
47
95
178
123
35
78
81
65
60
80
70
64
100
77
90
63
60
26
13
b
13
13
13
13
b
b
b
13
12
12
12
12
23
30
29
30
12
12
b
12
b
b
b
12
12
b
b
12
12
b
12
Reference
Pinus
muricata
Pinus
Bishop pine
35
61
46
50
50
55
46
50
47
55
50
47
44
41
50
27
36
55
51
59
50
38
50
53
35
51
45
50
42
50
54
45
55
45
561
977
737
801
801
881
737
801
753
881
801
753
705
657
801
433
577
881
817
945
801
609
801
849
561
817
721
801
673
801
865
721
881
721
0.47
0.50
0.56
0.45
0.50
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.50
0.54
0.50
0.48
0.41
0.50
0.46
0.37
0.42
0.59
0.50
0.34
0.43
0.44
0.54
0.33
0.47
0.33
0.40
0.34
0.27
0.40
0.45
0.35
0.45
0.45
b
26
b
b
13
13
13
b
14
b
10
10
26
10
12
10
30
10
30
10
26
12
12
12
b
30
10
12
b
b
12
12
31
12
Reference
Pond pine
monticola
Pinus
Western white pine
FIA Specific
code gravity
31.2
34.9
28.1
31.2
33.7
35.6
37.4
31.2
33.7
31.2
30.0
25.6
31.2
28.7
23.1
26.2
36.8
31.2
21.2
26.8
27.5
33.7
20.6
29.3
20.6
25.0
21.2
16.8
25.0
28.1
21.8
28.1
28.1
29.3
500
560
450
500
540
570
600
500
540
500
480
410
500
460
370
420
590
500
340
430
440
540
330
470
330
400
340
270
400
450
350
450
450
470
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight
(lb/cf) (kg/m3)
Green volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry
weight of bark
Avg.
Avg.
green green
wt.
wt.
Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
Average mositure content (MC)
and green weight of wood *
Avg.
Avg.
Avg. moisture
oven- ovencontent
dry
dry
as a % of
weight weight oven-dry
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) weight
Green volume basis
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
12% MC volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry weight of wood
60
75
78
89
90
80
79
89
90
92
114
92
102
99
56
91
98
99
18
16
89
90
99
70
94
60
89
90
60
60
33
89
42
84
Avg.
MC as
a % of
ovendry
weight
b
22
b
b
1
b
1
b
1
b
22
b
22
2
22
b
30
b
b
30
2
b
2
b
b
b
2
b
b
b
2
2
b
22
Bark
volume
50
61
50
59
64
64
67
59
64
60
64
49
63
57
36
50
73
62
25
31
52
64
41
50
40
40
40
32
40
45
29
53
40
54
801
977
801
945
1025
1025
1073
945
1025
961
1025
785
1009
913
577
801
1169
993
400
497
833
1025
657
801
641
641
641
513
641
721
464
849
641
865
8.6
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
15.6
8.6
10.0
15.8
15.8
17.0
10.6
14.0
4.0
20.0
18.0
18.0
17.3
13.4
16.6
16.0
13.4
22.0
13.4
16.0
13.4
13.4
25.6
14.0
22.0
12.6
Avg.
bark
Avg.
Avg. volume
green green as % of
wt.
wt.
wood
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) volume
Average mositure content
(MC) and green weight of
bark *
Reference
Gray or California
foothill pine
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 1A.—continued
a
21
a
a
11
a
11
a
a
a
30
a
21
9
21
9
30
26
a
30
21
a
19
9
a
30
a
23
a
a
21
26
a
21
Reference
9
cordiformis
glabra
illinoinensis
laciniosa
myristiciformis
ovata
alba
dentata
chrysophylla
speciosa
occidentalis
florida
nuttallii
virginiana
grandifolia
americana
latifolia
nigra
pennsylvanica
profunda
quadrangulata
triacanthos
dioicus
spp.
opaca
Carya
Carya
Carya
Carya
Carya
Carya
Carya
Castanea
Chrysolepis
Catalpa
Celtis
Cornus
Cornus
Diospyros
Fagus
Fraxinus
Fraxinus
Fraxinus
Fraxinus
Fraxinus
Fraxinus
Gleditsia
Gymnocladus
Halesia
Ilex
Bitternut hickory
Pignut hickory
Pecan
Shellbark hickory
Nutmeg hickory
Shagbark hickory
Mockernut hickory
American chestnut
Giant chinkapin,
golden chinkapin
Northern catalpa
Hackberry
Flowering dogwood
Pacific dogwood
Common persimmon
American beech
White ash
Oregon ash
Black ash
Green ash
Pumpkin ash
Blue ash
Honeylocust
Kentucky coffeetree
Silverbell spp.
American holly
populifolia
Betula
Gray birch
aquatica
papyrifera
Betula
Paper birch
caroliniana
nigra
Betula
River birch
Carpinus
lenta
Betula
Sweet birch
591
580
571
552
546
545
544
543
542
541
531
521
492
491
462
452
431
421
409
407
406
405
404
403
402
401
391
379
375
373
372
0.57
0.45
0.60
0.65
0.58
0.52
0.56
0.49
0.55
0.60
0.64
0.74
0.62
0.73
0.53
0.41
0.46
0.43
0.72
0.72
0.60
0.69
0.66
0.75
0.66
0.62
0.70
0.51
0.55
0.56
0.65
0.62
0.65
1
1
1
a
25
1
25
25
25
25
25
26
a
1
25
1
1
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1
1
25
1
25
25
1
Reference
371
35.6
28.1
37.4
40.6
36.2
32.4
34.9
30.6
34.3
37.4
39.9
46.2
38.7
45.6
33.1
25.6
28.7
26.8
44.9
44.9
37.4
43.1
41.2
46.8
41.2
38.7
43.7
31.8
34.3
34.9
40.6
38.7
40.6
570
450
600
650
580
520
560
490
550
600
640
740
620
730
530
410
460
430
720
720
600
690
660
750
660
620
700
510
550
560
650
620
650
0.50
0.42
0.53
0.60
0.53
0.48
0.53
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.56
0.64
0.58
0.64
0.49
0.38
0.42
0.40
0.64
0.64
0.56
0.62
0.60
0.66
0.60
0.61
0.58
0.45
0.48
0.49
0.60
0.55
0.58
1
1
1
25
25
1
25
25
25
25
25
26
18
1
25
1
1
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1
1
25
1
25
25
1
Reference
361
31.2
26.2
33.1
37.4
33.1
30.0
33.1
28.1
31.2
34.3
34.9
39.9
36.2
39.9
30.6
23.7
26.2
25.0
39.9
39.9
34.9
38.7
37.4
41.2
37.4
38.1
36.2
28.1
30.0
30.6
37.4
34.3
36.2
500
420
530
600
530
480
530
450
500
550
560
640
580
640
490
380
420
400
640
640
560
620
600
660
600
610
580
450
480
490
600
550
580
83
68
51
60
51
67
57
85
60
46
55
58
46
33
64
73
133
120
63
60
77
65
66
65
71
84
46
64
74
86
73
72
66
26
26
b
26
b
b
29
13
b
25
13
26
b
b
29
26
26
25
25
13
29
13
25
13
25
25
26
13
25
b
25
25
26
Reference
Carya
alleghaniensis
Betula
Yellow birch
57
44
50
60
50
50
52
52
50
50
54
63
53
53
50
41
61
55
65
64
62
64
62
68
64
70
53
46
52
57
65
59
60
913
705
801
961
801
801
833
833
801
801
865
1009
849
849
801
657
977
881
1041
1025
993
1025
993
1089
1025
1121
849
737
833
913
1038
945
961
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.39
0.45
0.48
0.43
0.50
0.50
0.67
0.50
0.58
0.58
0.49
0.50
0.42
0.50
0.60
0.72
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.55
0.55
0.56
0.55
0.62
0.62
0.60
b
b
b
14
14
b
13
10
14
13
13
b
18
b
23
b
30
14
23
13
14
14
14
23
23
14
b
b
13
b
b
10
25
Reference
Water hickory
menziesii
Arbutus
Pacific madrone
FIA Specific
code gravity
31.2
31.2
31.2
31.2
24.3
28.1
30.0
26.8
31.2
31.2
41.8
31.2
36.2
36.2
30.6
31.2
26.2
31.2
37.4
44.9
37.4
37.4
37.4
37.4
37.4
37.4
34.3
34.3
34.9
34.3
38.7
38.7
37.4
500
500
500
500
390
450
480
430
500
500
670
500
580
580
490
500
420
500
600
720
600
600
600
600
600
600
550
550
560
550
620
620
600
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight
(lb/cf) (kg/m3)
Green volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry
weight of bark
Avg.
Avg.
green green
wt.
wt.
Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
Average mositure content (MC)
and green weight of wood *
Avg.
Avg.
Avg. moisture
oven- ovencontent
dry
dry
as a % of
weight weight oven-dry
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) weight
Green volume basis
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
12% MC volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry weight of wood
89
89
60
89
89
89
70
90
89
89
89
89
91
91
90
89
91
89
60
34
60
60
60
60
60
60
89
63
52
46
53
60
60
Avg.
MC as
a % of
ovendry
weight
b
b
b
b
b
b
5
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
1
22
b
1
b
b
Bark
volume
59
59
50
59
46
53
51
51
59
59
79
59
69
69
58
59
50
59
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
65
56
53
50
59
62
60
945
945
801
945
737
849
817
817
945
945
1265
945
1105
1105
929
945
801
945
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
1041
897
849
801
945
993
961
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
6.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
12.0
15.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
8.6
12.6
12.6
9.8
9.8
9.8
15.0
Avg.
bark
Avg.
Avg. volume
green green as % of
wt.
wt.
wood
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) volume
Average mositure content
(MC) and green weight of
bark *
Reference
American hornbeam,
musclewood
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 1A.—continued
10
a
a
a
a
a
a
26
a
a
a
11
a
a
a
23
a
30
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
c
a
a
21
a
Reference
Species
cinerea
nigra
styraciflua
tulipifera
densiflorus
pomifera
acuminata
grandiflora
virginiana
fraseri
spp.
aquatica
sylvatica
virginiana
arboreum
occidentalis
balsamifera
deltoides
grandidentata
tremuloides
balsamifera
fremontii
spp.
serotina
alba
bicolor
chrysolepis
coccinea
falcata
pagoda
gambelii
garryana
kelloggii
laurifolia
Genus
Juglans
Juglans
Liquidambar
Liriodendron
Lithocarpus
Maclura
Magnolia
Magnolia
Magnolia
Magnolia
Malus
Nyssa
Nyssa
Ostrya
Oxydendrum
Platanus
Populus
Populus
Populus
Populus
Populus
Populus
Prosopis
Prunus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Common name
Butternut
Black walnut
Sweetgum
Yellow-poplar
Tanoak
Osage-orange
Cucumbertree
Southern magnolia
Sweetbay
Mountain or Fraser
magnolia
Apple spp.
Water tupelo
Blackgum
Eastern hophornbeam
Sourwood
American sycamore
Balsam poplar
Eastern cottonwood
Bigtooth aspen
Quaking aspen
Black cottonwood
Fremont cottonwood
Mesquite spp.
Blackcherry
White oak
Swamp white oak
Canyon live oak
Scarlet oak
Southern red oak
Cherrybark oak
Gambel oak
Oregon white oak
California black oak
Laurel oak
Table 1A.—continued
820
818
815
814
813
812
806
805
804
802
762
755
748
747
746
743
742
741
731
711
701
693
691
660
655
653
652
651
641
631
621
611
0.63
0.55
0.72
0.63
0.69
0.59
0.67
0.74
0.72
0.68
0.50
0.82
0.45
0.35
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.34
0.49
0.55
0.70
0.50
0.50
0.67
0.44
0.46
0.50
0.48
0.85
0.62
0.42
0.52
Reference
25
a
1
a
25
25
25
a
25
25
25
1
a
25
25
25
25
25
25
1
1
25
25
26
1
1
25
25
1
a
25
25
25
25
39.3
34.3
44.9
39.3
43.1
36.8
41.8
46.2
44.9
42.4
31.2
51.2
28.1
21.8
23.7
24.3
25.0
21.2
30.6
34.3
43.7
31.2
31.2
41.8
27.5
28.7
31.2
30.0
53.0
38.7
26.2
32.4
34.3
23.7
630
550
720
630
690
590
670
740
720
680
500
820
450
350
380
390
400
340
490
550
700
500
500
670
440
460
500
480
850
620
420
520
550
380
0.56
0.51
0.64
0.61
0.61
0.52
0.60
0.70
0.64
0.60
0.47
0.78
0.41
0.31
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.31
0.46
0.50
0.63
0.46
0.46
0.61
0.40
0.42
0.46
0.44
0.76
0.58
0.40
0.46
0.51
0.36
25
18
1
3
25
25
25
30
25
25
25
31
30
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
1
25
25
26
1
1
25
25
1
25
25
25
25
25
Reference
0.55
34.9
31.8
39.9
38.1
38.1
32.4
37.4
43.7
39.9
37.4
29.3
48.7
25.6
19.3
21.8
22.5
23.1
19.3
28.7
31.2
39.3
28.7
28.7
38.1
25.0
26.2
28.7
27.5
47.4
36.2
25.0
28.7
31.8
22.5
560
510
640
610
610
520
600
700
640
600
470
780
410
310
350
360
370
310
460
500
630
460
460
610
400
420
460
440
760
580
400
460
510
360
83
101
58
66
68
97
71
74
58
68
53
21
56
138
129
91
117
107
81
70
53
101
95
78
96
87
106
78
31
80
95
74
79
105
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
29
b
b
13
29
13
29
13
13
26
26
25
29
25
b
b
13
13
26
26
25
13
13
13
Reference
0.38
64
64
63
63
64
64
64
76
63
63
45
59
40
46
50
43
50
40
52
53
60
58
56
68
49
49
59
49
62
65
49
50
57
46
1025
1025
1009
1009
1025
1025
1025
1217
1009
1009
721
945
641
737
801
689
801
641
833
849
961
924
897
1085
785
785
945
785
993
1041
780
801
913
737
0.50
0.45
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.68
0.71
0.64
0.55
0.56
0.63
0.65
0.41
0.40
0.50
0.59
0.38
0.50
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.44
0.58
0.50
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.60
0.62
0.38
0.42
0.33
0.40
b
14
30
b
14
10
10
14
b
13
10
b
30
13
13
10
13
23
13
b
b
13
10
b
b
b
14
14
b
10
13
13
10
14
Reference
602
31.2
28.1
39.3
39.2
39.3
42.4
44.3
39.9
34.3
34.9
39.3
40.6
25.6
25.0
31.2
36.8
23.7
31.2
37.4
37.4
31.2
27.5
36.2
31.2
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
37.4
38.7
23.7
26.2
20.6
25.0
500
450
630
629
630
680
710
640
550
560
630
650
410
400
500
590
380
500
600
600
500
440
580
500
440
440
440
440
600
620
380
420
330
400
121
89
65
66
91
48
49
90
89
89
91
41
92
100
102
90
56
86
84
60
89
71
82
70
89
104
89
89
60
60
124
91
89
88
Avg.
MC as
a % of
ovendry
weight
5
b
b
b
17
6
6
b
b
17
b
b
b
31
22
b
b
1
6
b
b
1
1
b
b
1
b
b
b
b
5
1
b
b
Bark
volume
69
53
65
65
75
63
66
76
65
66
75
57
49
50
63
70
37
58
69
60
59
47
66
53
52
56
52
52
60
62
53
50
39
47
1105
849
1041
1041
1201
1009
1057
1217
1041
1057
1201
913
785
801
1009
1121
593
929
1105
961
945
753
1057
849
833
897
833
833
961
993
849
801
625
753
16.0
22.0
16.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
9.2
15.0
22.0
16.3
14.4
14.4
22.0
22.0
8.0
15.0
15.0
14.0
14.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
19.0
18.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Avg.
bark
Avg.
Avg. volume
green green as % of
wt.
wt.
wood
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) volume
Average mositure content
(MC) and green weight of
bark *
Reference
601
FIA Specific
code gravity
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight
(lb/cf) (kg/m3)
Green volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry
weight of bark
Avg.
Avg.
green green
wt.
wt.
Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
Average mositure content (MC)
and green weight of wood *
Avg.
Avg.
Avg. moisture
oven- ovencontent
dry
dry
as a % of
weight weight oven-dry
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) weight
Green volume basis
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
12% MC volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry weight of wood
a
a
a
a
a
5
a
a
a
5
11
a
a
21
21
a
30
a
23
a
a
26
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
30
5
5
a
a
Reference
11
lobata
lyrata
macrocarpa
michauxii
nigra
palustris
phellos
prinus
rubra
stellata
velutina
virginiana
pseudoacacia
nigra
albidum
americana
alata
americana
crassifolia
rubra
thomasii
californica
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Robinia
Salix
Sassafras
Tilia
Ulmus
Ulmus
Ulmus
Ulmus
Ulmus
Umbellularia
California white oak
Overcup oak
Bur oak
Swamp chestnut oak
Water oak
Pin oak
Willow oak
Chestnut oak
Northern red oak
Post oak
Black oak
Live oak
Black locust
Black willow
Sassafras
American basswood
Winged elm
American elm
Cedar elm
Slippery elm
Rock elm
California-laurel
981
977
975
973
972
971
951
931
922
901
838
837
835
833
832
831
830
827
825
823
0.55
0.63
0.53
0.64
0.50
0.66
0.37
0.46
0.39
0.69
0.88
0.61
0.67
0.63
0.66
0.69
0.63
0.63
0.67
0.64
1
25
25
1
25
1
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
a
Reference
0.63
34.3
39.3
33.1
39.9
31.2
41.2
23.1
28.7
24.3
43.1
54.9
38.1
41.8
39.3
41.2
43.1
39.3
39.3
41.8
39.9
39.3
36.2
550
630
530
640
500
660
370
460
390
690
880
610
670
630
660
690
630
630
670
640
630
580
0.51
0.57
0.48
0.59
0.46
0.60
0.32
0.42
0.36
0.66
0.80
0.56
0.60
0.56
0.57
0.56
0.58
0.56
0.60
0.58
0.57
0.55
c Adapted from McCormack (1955) using supplemental data from Forbes (1956) and Koch (1971)
b Based on green volume specific gravity and bark moisture content of similar species.
a No reference source available, estimated based on similar species.
1
25
25
1
25
1
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
30
Reference
0.58
31.8
35.6
30.0
36.8
28.7
37.4
20.0
26.2
22.5
41.2
49.9
34.9
37.4
34.9
35.6
34.9
36.2
34.9
37.4
36.2
35.6
34.3
510
570
480
590
460
600
320
420
360
660
800
560
600
560
570
560
580
560
600
580
570
550
67
51
77
66
94
42
105
68
127
41
52
83
71
83
77
83
77
83
68
74
77
84
30
25
b
25
25
b
25
26
13
26
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
Reference
822
53
54
53
61
56
53
41
44
51
58
76
64
64
64
63
64
64
64
63
63
63
63
849
860
849
977
892
849
657
705
817
929
1217
1025
1025
1025
1009
1025
1025
1025
1009
1009
1009
1009
0.55
0.50
0.29
0.45
0.44
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.50
0.29
0.51
0.60
0.51
0.68
0.54
0.59
0.60
0.62
0.51
0.54
0.51
0.55
30
14
10
b
10
b
10
14
14
10
14
10
10
13
10
10
14
14
14
10
14
30
Reference
821
FIA Specific
code gravity
34.3
31.2
18.1
28.1
27.5
28.1
30.0
31.2
31.2
18.1
31.8
37.4
31.8
42.4
33.7
36.8
37.4
38.7
31.8
33.7
31.8
34.3
550
500
290
450
440
450
480
500
500
290
510
600
510
680
540
590
600
620
510
540
510
550
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight
(lb/cf) (kg/m3)
Green volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry
weight of bark
Avg.
Avg.
green green
wt.
wt.
Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
Average mositure content (MC)
and green weight of wood *
Avg.
Avg.
Avg. moisture
oven- ovencontent
dry
dry
as a % of
weight weight oven-dry
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) weight
Green volume basis
Avg.
Avg.
oven- ovendry
dry
weight weight Specific
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) gravity
12% MC volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry weight of wood
43
57
171
75
78
75
90
89
99
88
89
90
89
91
60
90
90
73
89
90
89
89
Avg.
MC as
a % of
ovendry
weight
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
1
b
b
17
17
17
6
b
17
5
b
b
b
b
Bark
volume
49
49
49
49
49
49
57
59
62
34
60
71
60
81
54
70
71
67
60
64
60
65
785
785
785
785
785
785
913
945
993
545
961
1137
961
1298
865
1121
1137
1073
961
1025
961
1041
15.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
10.5
15.0
16.0
15.0
16.0
18.5
22.0
20.0
23.0
16.0
22.0
16.0
23.0
16.0
22.0
16.0
Avg.
bark
Avg.
Avg. volume
green green as % of
wt.
wt.
wood
(lb/cf) (kg/m3) volume
Average mositure content
(MC) and green weight of
bark *
Reference
* Moisture content is extremely variable and the values shown are averages or estimates based on the literature cited.
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 1A.—continued
12
a
a
a
a
a
a
c
a
a
a
a
11
a
9
5
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
Table 1B.—Average oven-dry and green weight of wood and bark when only wood volume is known for tree species in North America.
Reference numbers in this table refer to numbered citations found in Literature Cited section of this report.
Common name
Genus
Species
FIA
code
Wood reference
Bark reference
Bark % reference
(Tab 3)
Total oven-dry and green weight of wood and
bark per cubic foot of wood *
Pacific silver fir
Abies
amabilis
11
25
30
30
29
461
49
781
Balsam fir
Abies
balsamea
12
25
12
9
24
378
51
817
White fir
Abies
concolor
15
25
12
a
27
437
54
862
Grand fir
Abies
grandis
17
25
12
a
26
418
52
832
Subalpine fir
Abies
lasiocarpa
19
25
12
21
23
364
33
536
California red fir
Abies
magnifica
20
25
12
a
25
407
52
826
Noble fir
Abies
procera
22
25
12
a
26
423
35
567
Port-Orford-cedar
Chamaecyparis
lawsoniana
41
25
25
a
27
436
47
754
Alaska yellow-cedar
Chamaecyparis
nootkatensis
42
25
29
21
29
466
51
819
Atlantic white-cedar
Chamaecyparis
thyoides
43
25
29
a
22
356
42
669
Avg. ovendry weight
of wood
and bark
(lb/cf)
Avg. ovendry weight
of wood
and bark
(kg/m3)
Avg.
Avg.
green
green
weight
weight
of wood of wood
and bark and bark
(lb/cf)
(kg/m3)
Alligator juniper
Juniperus
deppeana
63
2
28
a
33
528
45
718
Utah juniper
Juniperus
osteosperma
65
3
b
a
46
730
62
997
Southern redcedar
Juniperus
virginiana
67
2
b
a
29
468
42
670
Eastern redcedar
Juniperus
virginiana
68
25
29
23
30
488
42
670
Tamarack (native)
Larix
laricina
71
25
12
23
33
532
52
836
Western larch
Larix
occidentalis
73
25
12
a
33
526
53
845
Incense-cedar
Calocedrus
decurrens
81
25
30
a
24
392
48
775
Engelmann spruce
Picea
engelmannii
93
25
12
21
24
387
45
727
White spruce
Picea
glauca
94
25
12
a
26
421
41
650
Black spruce
Picea
mariana
95
25
12
a
27
434
42
665
Red spruce
Picea
rubens
97
25
12
a
26
411
39
618
Sitka spruce
Picea
sitchensis
98
25
12
21
25
399
41
653
Knobcone pine
Pinus
attenuata
103
30
b
30
27
435
55
878
Jack pine
Pinus
banksiana
105
25
12
9
29
457
57
911
Common or two-needle pinyon
Pinus
edulis
106
2
b
a
35
553
45
727
Sand pine
Pinus
clausa
107
25
12
26
33
527
46
736
Lodgepole pine
Pinus
contorta
108
25
12
21
26
413
42
680
Shortleaf pine
Pinus
echinata
110
25
12
26
33
526
58
923
Slash pine
Pinus
elliottii
111
25
12
26
38
603
65
1047
Limber pine
Pinus
flexilis
113
2
b
a
27
437
50
796
Spruce pine
Pinus
glabra
115
25
b
a
29
470
50
796
Jeffrey pine
Pinus
jeffreyi
116
30
12
a
29
462
55
876
Sugar pine
Pinus
lambertiana
117
25
25
a
27
429
59
950
Western white pine
Pinus
monticola
119
25
12
21
26
419
42
670
Bishop pine
Pinus
muricata
120
30
b
a
34
549
54
862
Longleaf pine
Pinus
palustris
121
25
12
26
38
603
62
1000
Ponderosa pine
Pinus
ponderosa
122
25
12
21
29
469
52
840
Table Mountain pine
Pinus
pungens
123
2
b
a
34
550
60
962
Monterey pine
Pinus
radiata
124
2
b
a
28
454
55
887
Red pine
Pinus
resinosa
125
25
12
23
28
453
47
755
Pitch pine
Pinus
rigida
126
25
12
a
32
515
55
887
13
Table 1B.—continued
Common name
Genus
Species
FIA
code
Wood reference
Bark reference
Bark % reference
(Tab 3)
Total oven-dry and green weight of wood and
bark per cubic foot of wood *
Gray or California foothill pine
Pinus
sabiniana
127
30
b
30
30
488
54
862
Pond pine
Pinus
serotina
128
25
b
a
35
554
56
903
Eastern white pine
Pinus
strobus
129
25
b
9
26
415
43
689
Loblolly pine
Pinus
taeda
131
25
12
19
33
525
60
958
Virginia pine
Pinus
virginiana
132
25
b
a
33
522
59
938
Douglas-fir
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
202
25
12
21
33
526
47
753
Avg. ovendry weight
of wood
and bark
(lb/cf)
Avg. ovendry weight
of wood
and bark
(kg/m3)
Avg.
Avg.
green
green
weight
weight
of wood of wood
and bark and bark
(lb/cf)
(kg/m3)
Redwood
Sequoia
sempervirens
211
25
12
30
27
437
56
890
Giant sequoia
Sequoiadendron
giganteum
212
30
30
a
25
401
63
1017
Baldcypress
Taxodium
distichum
221
25
29
26
32
520
63
1016
Pacific yew
Taxus
brevifolia
231
2
30
30
39
623
58
928
Northern white-cedar
Thuja
occidentalis
241
25
23
9
22
349
43
689
Western redcedar
Thuja
plicata
242
25
12
21
22
349
31
493
Eastern hemlock
Tsuga
canadensis
261
25
12
9
29
458
60
956
Western hemlock
Tsuga
heterophylla
263
25
12
21
31
499
51
816
Mountain hemlock
Tsuga
mertensiana
264
25
12
a
30
484
52
829
Bigleaf maple
Acer
macrophyllum
312
25
13
30
30
488
53
855
Boxelder
Acer
negundo
313
31
b
a
29
463
55
884
Black maple
Acer
nigrum
314
25
b
a
38
604
65
1041
Striped maple
Acer
pensylvanicum
315
1
b
a
30
483
52
834
Red maple
Acer
rubrum
316
25
13
11
34
541
56
893
Silver maple
Acer
saccharinum
317
25
13
a
31
489
52
825
Sugar maple
Acer
saccharum
318
25
13
11
40
644
65
1041
Yellow buckeye
Aesculus
flava
332
1
13
a
25
405
59
943
Ailanthus
Ailanthus
altissima
341
1
b
a
33
527
58
921
Red alder
Alnus
rubra
351
25
13
21
27
437
53
855
Serviceberry spp.
Amelanchier
spp.
356
1
26
a
44
703
65
1046
Pacific madrone
Arbutus
menziesii
361
1
26
a
42
670
69
1105
Yellow birch
Betula
alleghaniensis
371
25
25
21
38
611
65
1043
Sweet birch
Betula
lenta
372
25
25
a
41
661
71
1130
River birch
Betula
nigra
373
1
b
a
34
544
62
992
Paper birch
Betula
papyrifera
375
25
25
c
34
550
59
940
Gray birch
Betula
populifolia
379
1
13
a
32
519
53
850
American hornbeam, musclewood
Carpinus
caroliniana
391
1
26
a
39
627
59
939
Water hickory
Carya
aquatica
401
25
25
a
44
706
80
1275
Bitternut hickory
Carya
cordiformis
402
25
25
a
43
696
74
1179
Pignut hickory
Carya
glabra
403
25
13
a
47
756
78
1243
Pecan
Carya
illinoinensis
404
25
25
a
43
696
72
1147
Shellbark hickory
Carya
laciniosa
405
25
13
a
45
716
74
1179
Nutmeg hickory
Carya
myristiciformis
406
25
29
a
41
656
72
1147
Shagbark hickory
Carya
ovata
407
25
13
a
47
755
74
1179
Mockernut hickory
Carya
alba
409
25
25
a
46
736
75
1195
American chestnut
Castanea
dentata
421
25
25
a
30
475
64
1023
14
Table 1B.—continued
Bark % reference
(Tab 3)
Giant chinkapin, golden chinkapin
Chrysolepis
chrysophylla
431
1
26
30
29
470
67
1073
Northern catalpa
Catalpa
speciosa
452
1
26
a
28
455
50
799
Hackberry
Celtis
occidentalis
462
25
29
23
35
563
59
940
Flowering dogwood
Cornus
florida
491
1
b
a
45
727
63
1015
Common name
Genus
Species
FIA
code
Wood reference
Bark reference
Total oven-dry and green weight of wood and
bark per cubic foot of wood *
Avg. ovendry weight
of wood
and bark
(lb/cf)
Avg. ovendry weight
of wood
and bark
(kg/m3)
Avg.
Avg.
green
green
weight
weight
of wood of wood
and bark and bark
(lb/cf)
(kg/m3)
Pacific dogwood
Cornus
nuttallii
492
18
b
a
42
667
63
1015
Common persimmon
Diospyros
virginiana
521
26
26
a
45
715
72
1151
American beech
Fagus
grandifolia
531
25
13
11
37
600
59
941
White ash
Fraxinus
americana
541
25
25
a
39
630
59
952
Oregon ash
Fraxinus
latifolia
542
25
b
a
36
580
59
952
Black ash
Fraxinus
nigra
543
25
13
a
32
519
60
964
Green ash
Fraxinus
pennsylvanica
544
25
29
26
38
607
60
964
Pumpkin ash
Fraxinus
profunda
545
1
b
a
34
552
58
937
Blue ash
Fraxinus
quadrangulata
546
25
b
a
37
592
57
919
Honeylocust
Gleditsia
triacanthos
552
25
26
a
42
675
69
1103
Kentucky coffeetree
Gymnocladus
dioicus
571
1
b
a
38
605
58
921
Silverbell spp.
Halesia
spp.
580
1
26
a
31
495
53
847
American holly
Ilex
opaca
591
1
26
a
36
575
66
1055
Butternut
Juglans
cinerea
601
25
13
a
26
420
53
850
Black walnut
Juglans
nigra
602
25
13
a
35
559
63
1007
Sweetgum
Liquidambar
styraciflua
611
25
13
5
33
523
58
921
Yellow-poplar
Liriodendron
tulipifera
621
25
25
5
29
468
58
932
Tanoak
Lithocarpus
densiflorus
631
25
26
30
44
697
77
1230
Osage-orange
Maclura
pomifera
641
1
26
a
53
850
71
1137
Cucumbertree
Magnolia
acuminata
651
25
13
a
32
506
57
910
Southern magnolia
Magnolia
grandiflora
652
25
13
a
33
526
67
1070
Sweetbay
Magnolia
virginiana
653
1
b
a
30
486
57
919
Mountain or Fraser magnolia
Magnolia
fraseri
655
1
b
a
29
466
57
910
Apple spp.
Malus
spp.
660
26
25
a
43
685
76
1213
Water tupelo
Nyssa
aquatica
691
25
29
a
34
541
65
1045
Blackgum
Nyssa
sylvatica
693
25
25
26
33
521
64
1030
Eastern hophornbeam
Ostrya
virginiana
701
1
26
a
44
705
69
1103
Sourwood
Oxydendrum
arboreum
711
18
26
a
37
590
62
993
American sycamore
Platanus
occidentalis
731
25
13
23
32
508
58
921
Balsam poplar
Populus
balsamifera
741
25
13
a
26
420
53
845
Eastern cottonwood
Populus
deltoides
742
25
29
30
28
453
58
931
Bigtooth aspen
Populus
grandidentata
743
25
13
a
28
445
53
850
Quaking aspen
Populus
tremuloides
746
25
29
21
26
422
59
946
Black cottonwood
Populus
balsamifera
747
25
13
21
23
375
54
868
Fremont cottonwood
Populus
fremontii
748
30
b
a
31
500
51
813
1082
Mesquite spp.
Prosopis
spp.
755
31
b
a
55
877
68
Black cherry
Prunus
serotina
762
25
29
11
33
528
52
831
White oak
Quercus
alba
802
25
13
5
43
689
74
1178
15
Table 1B.—continued
Wood reference
Bark reference
Bark % reference
(Tab 3)
Total oven-dry and green weight of wood and
bark per cubic foot of wood *
Swamp white oak
Quercus
bicolor
804
25
13
a
45
728
73
1176
Canyon live oak
Quercus
chrysolepis
805
30
13
a
50
802
88
1412
Common name
Genus
Species
FIA
code
Avg. ovendry weight
of wood
and bark
(lb/cf)
Avg. ovendry weight
of wood
and bark
(kg/m3)
Avg.
Avg.
green
green
weight
weight
of wood of wood
and bark and bark
(lb/cf)
(kg/m3)
Scarlet oak
Quercus
coccinea
806
25
13
a
47
756
79
1258
Southern red oak
Quercus
falcata
812
25
13
5
42
669
78
1247
Cherrybark oak
Quercus
pagoda
813
25
13
a
47
748
80
1289
Gambel oak
Quercus
gambelii
814
3
13
a
47
748
77
1238
Oregon white oak
Quercus
garryana
815
1
13
a
46
740
73
1176
California black oak
Quercus
kelloggii
818
18
13
a
38
609
76
1212
Laurel oak
Quercus
laurifolia
820
25
13
a
40
640
75
1202
California white oak
Quercus
lobata
821
30
13
a
40
638
73
1176
Overcup oak
Quercus
lyrata
822
25
13
a
43
682
76
1221
Bur oak
Quercus
macrocarpa
823
25
13
a
42
666
73
1173
Swamp chestnut oak
Quercus
michauxii
825
25
13
a
45
717
77
1230
Water oak
Quercus
nigra
827
25
13
a
41
659
75
1197
Pin oak
Quercus
palustris
830
25
13
a
44
712
80
1275
Willow oak
Quercus
phellos
831
25
13
a
41
654
75
1205
Chestnut oak
Quercus
prinus
832
25
13
5
43
694
75
1208
Northern red oak
Quercus
rubra
833
25
13
9
43
696
80
1285
Post oak
Quercus
stellata
835
25
13
a
44
712
77
1237
Black oak
Quercus
velutina
837
25
13
11
42
671
77
1236
Live oak
Quercus
virginiana
838
25
13
a
55
881
86
1371
Black locust
Robinia
pseudoacacia
901
25
26
a
44
703
63
1011
Black willow
Salix
nigra
922
25
13
a
27
440
61
976
Sassafras
Sassafras
albidum
931
25
26
a
31
495
53
847
American basswood
Tilia
americana
951
25
25
c
23
370
47
753
Winged elm
Ulmus
alata
971
1
b
a
41
663
60
959
American elm
Ulmus
americana
972
25
25
a
33
521
63
1002
Cedar elm
Ulmus
crassifolia
973
1
25
a
41
653
68
1087
Slippery elm
Ulmus
rubra
975
25
b
a
32
520
60
959
Rock elm
Ulmus
thomasii
977
25
25
a
40
640
61
970
California-laurel
Umbellularia
californica
981
1
30
a
37
592
60
967
* Moisture content is extremely variable and the values shown are averages or estimates based on the literature cited.
a No reference source available, estimated based on similar species.
b Based on green volume specific gravity and bark moisture content of similar species.
c Adapted from McCormack (1955) using supplemental data from Forbes (1956) and Koch (1971)
16
Table 2A.—Double bark thickness (DBT) regression coeeficients, bark void factors and average bark percentage by species and d.b.h.
(Equation: DBT = b0 + b1 x DIAMob). Reference numbers in this table refer to numbered citations found in Literature Cited section of this
report.
Species
FIA
code
19
EQ
Bark
void
factor
b0
b1
1
0.27
0.05
0.06
d.b.h. class (inches)
Reference
DBT eq. coef.
4
22
11.2
11.0
8
12
16
20
24
28+
AVG
10.6
10.6
10.8
bark as percent of wood volume
Subalpine fir
10.8
10.7
10.6
Alaska yellow-cedar
42
2
0.27
0.24
0.03
22
13.4
12.5
11.6
11.2
10.9
10.8
10.6
11.6
Engelmann/white spruce
93
3
0.27
0.15
0.04
22
12.3
11.8
11.2
11.0
10.8
10.7
10.6
11.2
12.5
Silka spruce
98
4
0.27
0.39
0.01
22
15.5
14.0
12.6
11.9
11.5
11.3
11.1
Lodgepole pine
108
5
0.20
0.07
0.04
22
9.4
9.2
8.9
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.9
Western white pine
119
6
0.27
0.11
0.05
22
11.6
11.2
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.5
10.4
12.6
Ponderosa pine
122
7
0.26
0.21
0.10
22
27.6
26.6
25.6
25.2
24.9
24.7
24.6
25.6
Eastern white pine
129
8
0.27
0.02
0.10
a
18.5
18.4
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
18.3
Loblolly pine
131
9
0.27
0.04
0.09
a
16.1
15.9
15.7
15.7
15.6
15.6
15.5
15.7
Douglas-fir, coastal
202
10
0.27
(0.23)
0.14
22
15.2
16.2
17.3
17.8
18.1
18.3
18.5
17.3
Douglas-fir, interior
202
11
0.27
(0.40)
0.17
22
14.5
16.2
18.1
19.0
19.6
20.0
20.3
18.3
W. redcedar, coastal
242
12
0.27
0.43
0.03
22
20.4
18.7
17.0
16.2
15.8
15.5
15.3
17.0
W. redcedar, interior
242
13
0.27
0.30
0.01
22
12.8
11.7
10.6
10.1
9.8
9.6
9.4
10.6
Eastern hemlock
261
14
0.27
0.18
0.08
a
21.5
20.7
20.0
19.6
19.4
19.2
19.1
19.9
W. hemlock, coastal
263
15
0.27
0.31
0.04
22
18.7
17.5
16.3
15.7
15.4
15.2
15.0
16.3
W. hemlock, interior
263
16
0.27
0.04
0.09
22
16.1
15.9
15.8
15.7
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.8
12.0
Red alder
351
17
0.23
0.16
0.04
22
13.3
12.7
12.1
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.4
Yellow birch
371
18
0.23
0.15
0.03
22
10.9
10.4
9.8
9.6
9.4
9.3
9.2
9.8
White birch
375
19
0.23
0.13
0.05
a
13.7
13.2
12.6
12.4
12.2
12.1
12.1
12.6
Ash
541
20
0.25
0.38
0.05
a
23.6
21.9
20.4
19.6
19.2
18.9
18.7
19.0
Trembling aspen
746
21
0.15
0.10
0.07
22
16.9
16.4
15.9
15.7
15.6
15.5
15.4
14.4
Black cottonwood
747
22
0.23
0.06
0.08
22
16.9
16.6
16.3
16.2
16.1
16.1
16.0
16.3
Red oak
806
23
0.20
0.19
0.07
a
19.7
18.8
18.0
17.6
17.4
17.2
17.1
18.0
Basswood
951
24
0.23
0.05
0.05
a
10.5
10.3
10.1
10.1
10.0
10.0
9.9
10.5
Softwoods, generic
25
0.27
0.30
0.02
13.8
12.7
11.6
11.1
10.8
10.6
10.4
13.4
Hardwoods, generic
26
0.23
0.12
0.06
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.8
13.6
13.5
13.5
15.0
a Adapted from McCormack (1955) using supplemental data from Forbes (1956) and Koch (1971)
NOTE: Bark voids are estimated based on data in Bowyer, J.L.; et al. 2007.
Table 2B.—Diameter inside bark (DIB) regression coeeficients, bark void factors, and average bole bark as a percentage of wood volume
by species and d.b.h. class (Equation: DIB = b0 * DOB + b1 DOB2/DBH). Reference numbers in this table refer to numbered citations
found in Literature Cited section of this report.
Species
FIA code EQ
Bark
void
factor
b0
b1
Reference
DBT eq. coef.
D.b.h. class (inches)
4
8
12
16
20
24
28+
AVG
---------------------------bark as percent of wood volume---------------------------Redmaple
316
27
0.23
0.92
0.05
11
7.2
7.9
8.6
8.9
9.1
9.3
9.4
8.6
Sugarmaple
318
28
0.23
0.87
0.06
11
13.4
14.4
15.5
16.1
16.4
16.6
16.8
15.6
Beech
531
29
0.05
0.93
0.04
11
4.7
5.3
6.0
6.3
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.0
18.9
Yellow-poplar
621
30
0.23
0.84
0.09
11
15.5
17.1
18.8
19.6
20.2
20.5
20.8
Blackcherry
762
31
0.23
0.93
0.02
11
8.7
8.9
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.2
Whiteoak
802
32
0.23
0.88
0.06
11
12.5
13.4
14.4
14.9
15.2
15.4
15.6
14.5
Southernredoak
812
33
0.23
0.89
0.04
11
13.7
14.4
15.1
15.4
15.7
15.8
15.9
15.1
Chestnutoak
832
34
0.23
0.77
0.15
11
18.7
21.7
24.9
26.7
27.8
28.5
29.1
25.3
Blackoak
837
35
0.23
0.83
0.10
11
14.5
16.4
18.3
19.4
20.0
20.4
20.7
18.5
17
Table 3.—Estimated average green bark volume as a percent of green wood volume. Reference
numbers in this table refer to numbered citations found in Literature Cited section of this report.
Reference
Reference
Species
FIA
code
Bark %
Pacific silver fir
30
Balsam Fir
9
30
312
10.0
11
316
8.6
Subalpine fir
21
19
Sugar maple
11
318
15.6
Alaska yellow cedar
21
Eastern redcedar
23
11.6
Red alder
21
351
12.0
12.0
Yellow birch
21
371
9.8
Tamarack (native)
14.0
White birch
a
375
12.6
90
13.0
Hickory
9
400
16.0
93
11.2
Giant chinkapin
30
431
12.0
21
98
12.5
Hackberry
23
462
15.0
Knobcone pine
30
103
12.0
Beech
11
531
6.0
Jack pine
9
105
14.0
Ash
9
540
16.0
Sand pine
26
107
15.0
Green Ash
26
544
16.0
Lodgepole pine
21
108
8.9
Walnut
23
600
15.0
Shortleaf pine
26
110
16.0
Sweetgum
5
611
15.0
Slash pine
26
111
18.0
Yellow-poplar
5
621
18.0
Western white pine
21
119
12.6
Tanoak
30
631
19.0
Longleaf Pine
26
121
14.0
Blackgum
26
693
14.0
Ponderosa pine
21
122
25.6
Sycamore
23
731
8.0
Red pine
23
125
16.0
E. cottonwood
30
742
22.0
Digger pine
30
127
22.0
Trembling aspen
21
746
14.4
Eastern white pine
9
129
16.0
Black cottonwood
21
747
16.3
Loblolly pine
19
131
16.6
Black cherry
11
762
9.2
Douglas-fir, coastal
21
202
17.3
White oak
5
802
16.0
Douglas-fir, interior
21
202
18.3
S. red oak
5
812
22.0
Redwood
30
211
18.0
Chestnut oak
5
832
23.0
Baldcypress
26
221
20.0
N. red oak
9
833
20.0
Pacific Yew
30
231
4.0
Black oak
11
837
18.5
N. white-cedar
9
241
14.0
Willow
23
920
16.0
W. redcedar, coastal
21
242
17.0
Basswood
a
951
10.5
W. redcedar, interior
21
242
10.6
Elm
23
970
14.0
Eastern hemlock
9
261
17.0
Hardwoods, generic
999
15.0
W. hemlock, coastal
21
263
16.3
W. hemlock, interior
21
263
15.8
299
13.4
FIA
code
Bark %
Species
11
14.0
Bigleaf maple
12
12.0
Red maple
10.8
42
68
23
71
Spruce
10
Engelmann spruce
21
Silka spruce
Softwoods, generic
a Adapted from McCormack (1955) using supplemental data from Forbes (1956) and Koch (1971)
NOTE: To express bark volume as a percentage of total volume, multiply the shown value by 1.0/(1.0 + shown
value/100)
18
procera
spp.
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Abies
Pacific silver fir
Balsam fir
Santa Lucia or bristlecone fir
White fir
Fraser fir
Grand fir
Corkbark fir
Subalpine fir
California red fir
Shasta red fir
Noble fir
spp.
Juniperus
Juniperus
Juniperus
Juniperus
Juniperus
Redberry juniper
Drooping juniper
Ashe juniper
California juniper
Cupressus
MacNab’s cypress
Juniperus
Cupressus
Sargent’s cypress
Redcedar/juniper spp.
Cupressus
Monterey cypress
Pinchot juniper
Cupressus
Cupressus
Baker or Modoc cypress
Tecate cypress
Cupressus
Cupressus
Cypress
Chamaecyparis
Atlantic white-cedar
Arizona cypress
thyoides
Chamaecyparis
Alaska yellow-cedar
californica
ashei
flaccida
coahuilensis
pinchotii
spp.
macnabiana
sargentii
macrocarpa
forbesii
bakeri
arizonica
nootkatensis
lawsoniana
Chamaecyparis
Chamaecyparis
White-cedar spp.
Port-Orford-cedar
shastensis
magnifica
lasiocarpa
lasiocarpa var. arizonica
grandis
fraseri
concolor
bracteata
balsamea
amabilis
11
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
43
42
41
40
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
12
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.31
0.42
0.39
0.37
0.37
0.36
0.36
0.31
0.36
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.36
0.33
0.40
Reference
a
a
a
a
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
25
25
25
b
25
a
25
25
a
25
a
25
a
25
25
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.49
0.49
0.44
0.50
0.49
0.57
0.49
0.56
0.49
0.40
0.44
0.49
a
a
a
a
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
14
22
30
b
10
a
10
10
a
10
a
10
a
12
30
b
Reference
b
36
36
36
36
36
36
74
74
74
74
74
74
74
86
72
74
77
30
84
114
45
84
106
84
104
84
119
70
84
a
a
a
a
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
29
29
25
b
12
a
12
12
a
12
a
12
a
12
30
b
Reference
0.36
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
60
60
60
60
60
60
71
71
71
71
71
71
71
100
112
64
92
64
62
20
63
62
63
62
63
62
100
64
62
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
a
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
30
22
25
b
22
a
30
22
a
22
a
22
a
2
22
b
Reference
10
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.32
0.44
0.43
0.40
0.39
0.38
0.38
0.32
0.38
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.38
0.35
0.43
0.38
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
a
a
a
a
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
25
25
25
b
25
a
25
25
a
25
a
25
a
25
25
b
Reference
spp.
Abies
Fir spp.
Species
Genus
Common name
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
11.6
11.6
11.6
11.6
10.8
11.8
10.8
10.8
11.8
12.0
11.8
12.0
11.8
12.0
14.0
11.8
Bark
volume
%
Table 4.—Specific gravity and bark percent assignment for trees in FIADB reference species table. Reference numbers in this table refer to numbered citations found in Literature Cited
section of this report.
a
a
a
a
a
f
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
f
21
f
f
f
a
f
21
a
f
a
f
a
9
30
f
Reference
19
20
lyallii
occidentalis
Juniperus
Juniperus
Juniperus
Juniperus
Juniperus
Juniperus
Larix
Larix
Larix
Western juniper
Utah juniper
Rocky Mountain juniper
Southern redcedar
Eastern redcedar
Oneseed juniper
Larch spp.
Tamarack (native)
Subalpine larch
pungens
rubens
Picea
Picea
Picea
Picea
Picea
Picea
Picea
Spruce spp.
Norway spruce
Brewer spruce
Engelmann spruce
White spruce
Black spruce
Blue spruce
Pinus
Pinus
Sand pine
Lodgepole pine
banksiana
Pinus
Foxtail pine
Pinus
Pinus
Knobcone pine
Pinus
Pinus
Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine
Jack pine
Pinus
Whitebark pine
Common or two-needle pinyon
balfouriana
Pinus
Pine spp.
contorta
clausa
edulis
attenuata
aristata
albicaulis
spp.
sitchensis
Picea
Picea
Red spruce
Sitka spruce
mariana
glauca
engelmannii
breweriana
abies
spp.
decurrens
Larix
Calocedrus
Western larch
Incense-cedar
laricina
spp.
monosperma
virginiana
virginiana
scopulorum
osteosperma
occidentalis
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
81
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
0.38
0.46
0.50
0.40
0.43
0.39
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.33
0.37
0.36
0.38
0.37
0.33
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.35
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.45
0.44
0.42
0.45
0.68
0.45
Reference
25
25
2
25
a
30
a
a
b
25
25
a
25
25
25
a
a
b
25
25
a
25
b
a
25
2
a
3
a
0.38
0.45
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.38
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.55
0.32
0.44
0.42
0.39
0.51
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.25
0.33
0.32
0.30
0.32
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
12
14
e
12
a
30
a
a
b
10
14
a
12
12
12
a
a
b
10
12
a
23
b
a
23
e
a
e
a
e
Reference
2
64
32
28
100
76
105
76
76
76
60
47
59
48
52
89
59
59
59
106
60
57
54
57
36
35
41
36
35
36
34
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
12
12
e
12
a
e
a
a
b
12
12
a
12
12
12
a
a
b
30
12
a
12
b
a
29
e
a
e
a
28
Reference
0.48
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
64
89
60
92
68
69
68
68
68
81
75
81
91
77
79
81
81
81
28
65
82
98
82
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
2
2
e
2
a
e
a
a
b
22
e
a
2
30
2
a
a
b
30
2
a
2
b
a
e
e
a
e
a
e
Reference
63
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.41
0.48
0.57
0.43
0.47
0.42
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.36
0.40
0.39
0.46
0.40
0.35
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.37
0.52
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.47
0.47
0.44
0.47
0.72
0.47
0.51
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
25
25
2
25
a
f
a
a
b
25
25
a
25
25
25
a
a
b
25
25
a
25
b
a
25
2
a
f
a
2
Reference
deppeana
Juniperus
Alligator juniper
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
8.9
15.0
13.4
14.0
16.1
12.0
16.1
16.1
16.1
12.5
13.0
12.6
13.0
13.0
11.2
12.6
12.6
12.6
17.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
Bark
volume
%
21
26
f
9
a
30
a
a
f
21
f
a
f
f
21
a
a
10
f
f
a
23
f
a
23
f
a
f
a
f
Reference
jeffreyi
lambertiana
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Shortleaf pine
Slash pine
Apache pine
Limber pine
Southwestern white pine
Spruce pine
Jeffrey pine
resinosa
rigida
sabiniana
serotina
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Western white pine
Bishop pine
Longleaf pine
Ponderosa pine
Table Mountain pine
Monterey pine
Red pine
Pitch pine
Gray or California foothill pine
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Border pinyon
Arizona pine
Austrian pine
Washoe pine
Four-leaf or Parry pinyon pine
virginiana
Pinus
Pinus
Virginia pine
Pinus
Loblolly pine
Singleleaf pinyon
taeda
Pinus
Scotch pine
quadrifolia
washoensis
nigra
arizonica
discolor
monophylla
sylvestris
strobus
Pinus
Pinus
Pond pine
Eastern white pine
radiata
pungens
ponderosa
palustris
muricata
monticola
leiophylla
Pinus
Pinus
Sugar pine
Chihuahua pine
glabra
strobiformis
flexilis
engelmannii
elliottii
echinata
138
137
136
135
134
133
132
131
130
129
128
127
126
125
124
123
122
121
120
119
118
117
116
115
114
113
112
111
110
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.45
0.47
0.43
0.34
0.51
0.40
0.47
0.41
0.40
0.49
0.38
0.54
0.45
0.36
0.43
0.34
0.37
0.41
0.43
0.37
0.43
0.54
0.47
Reference
a
a
a
a
a
a
25
25
a
25
25
30
25
25
2
2
25
25
30
25
a
25
30
25
a
2
a
25
25
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.54
0.33
0.40
0.47
0.33
0.40
0.34
0.27
0.40
0.45
0.35
0.45
0.45
0.47
0.40
0.35
0.36
0.45
0.40
0.50
0.40
0.35
0.35
0.40
a
a
a
a
a
a
12
12
a
12
e
30
10
12
e
e
12
12
30
12
a
10
30
14
a
e
a
12
12
a
Reference
a
76
76
76
76
76
76
78
81
76
65
60
80
70
64
100
77
90
63
60
56
76
130
104
76
76
95
76
72
77
76
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
a
a
a
e
12
a
e
e
e
12
12
e
e
12
12
e
12
a
25
12
e
a
e
a
12
12
a
Reference
0.43
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
68
68
68
68
68
68
90
99
68
70
94
60
89
90
60
60
33
89
42
84
68
88
34
25
68
12
68
88
60
68
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
a
a
a
e
2
a
e
e
e
2
e
e
e
2
2
e
22
a
2
2
e
a
e
a
2
e
a
Reference
109
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.51
0.47
0.35
0.56
0.43
0.52
0.46
0.53
0.52
0.40
0.59
0.49
0.38
0.47
0.36
0.42
0.44
0.47
0.42
0.47
0.59
0.51
0.47
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
a
a
a
a
a
a
25
25
a
25
25
f
25
25
2
2
25
25
f
25
a
25
25
25
a
2
a
25
25
a
Reference
coulteri
Pinus
Coulter pine
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
13.4
16.6
16.1
16.0
13.4
22.0
13.4
16.0
13.4
13.4
25.6
14.0
22.0
12.6
16.1
25.6
25.6
13.4
16.1
13.4
16.1
18.0
16.0
16.1
Bark
volume
%
a
a
a
a
a
a
f
19
a
9
f
30
f
23
f
f
21
26
f
21
a
f
f
f
a
f
a
26
26
a
Reference
21
22
sempervirens
giganteum
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga
Sequoia
Mexican pinyon pine
Papershell pinyon pine
Great Basin bristlecone pine
Arizona pinyon pine
Honduras pine
Douglas-fir spp.
Bigcone Douglas-fir
Douglas-fir
Redwood
mucronatum
spp.
Taxodium
Taxodium
Taxodium
Baldcypress
Pondcypress
Montezuma baldcypress
spp.
heterophylla
mertensiana
Tsuga
Tsuga
Tsuga
Tsuga
Tree
Eastern hemlock
Carolina hemlock
Western hemlock
Mountain hemlock
Unknown dead conifer
taxifolia
evergreen
caroliniana
canadensis
spp.
Torreya
Tsuga
Florida torreya (nutmeg)
californica
occidentalis
spp.
floridana
Hemlock spp.
Torreya
Torreya
Thuja
Thuja
Northern white-cedar
Western redcedar
Torreya (nutmeg) spp.
Thuja
Thuja spp.
California torreya (nutmeg)
plicata
Taxus
Florida yew
brevifolia
Taxus
Taxus
Yew spp.
Pacific yew
ascendens
distichum
spp.
Sequoiadendron
Taxodium
Giant sequoia
Baldcypress spp.
menziesii
macrocarpa
spp.
elliottii
monophylla
longaeva
remota
cembroides
299
264
263
262
261
260
252
251
250
242
241
240
232
231
230
223
222
221
220
212
211
202
201
200
144
143
142
141
140
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.41
0.38
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.31
0.29
0.30
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.34
0.36
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
Reference
c
25
25
a
25
b
c
c
c
25
25
b
a
2
b
a
a
25
b
30
25
25
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
0.42
0.41
0.50
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.37
0.42
0.40
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.34
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
c
10
26
a
10
b
c
c
c
12
10
b
a
30
b
a
a
10
b
30
10
26
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
a
74
68
56
78
111
78
74
74
74
40
99
70
47
47
47
95
95
95
95
178
123
35
35
35
76
76
76
76
76
76
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
c
12
12
a
12
b
c
c
c
12
23
b
a
30
b
a
a
29
b
30
12
12
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
0.43
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
71
92
102
98
99
98
71
71
71
56
91
74
98
98
98
99
99
99
99
18
16
89
89
89
68
68
68
68
68
68
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
c
e
22
a
2
b
c
c
c
22
e
b
a
30
b
a
a
e
b
e
30
2
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
139
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.43
0.40
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.67
0.67
0.67
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.38
0.38
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
c
25
25
a
25
b
c
c
c
25
25
b
a
2
b
a
a
25
b
f
25
25
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
torreyana
Pinus
Torrey pine
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
14.3
15.8
15.8
16.2
17.0
16.2
14.3
14.3
14.3
10.6
14.0
12.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
18.0
18.0
17.3
17.3
17.3
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
16.1
Bark
volume
%
c
f
21
a
9
f
c
c
c
21
9
f
a
30
f
a
a
26
f
f
30
21
a
f
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
macrophyllum
negundo
Acer
Acer
Acer
Maple spp.
Florida maple
Bigleaf maple
farnesiana
Aesculus
Aesculus
Aesculus
Aesculus
Ailanthus
Albizia
California buckeye
Texas buckeye
Red buckeye
Painted buckeye
Ailanthus
Mimosa, silktree
Alnus
Aesculus
Yellow buckeye
Alnus
Aesculus
Ohio buckeye
Arizona alder
Aesculus
Buckeye, horsechestnut spp.
White alder
Acer
Chalk maple
Alnus
Acer
Bigtooth maple
Alnus
Acer
Rocky Mountain maple
Alder spp.
Acer
Norway maple
Red alder
Acer
Mountain maple
saccharinum
Acer
Acer
Silver maple
Sugar maple
rubrum
Acer
Acer
Striped maple
Red maple
oblongifolia
rhombifolia
rubra
spp.
julibrissin
altissima
sylvatica
pavia
glabra
californica
flava
glabra
spp.
leucoderme
grandidentatum
glabrum
platanoides
spicatum
saccharum
pensylvanicum
nigrum
Acer
Acer
Boxelder
Black maple
barbatum
spp.
greggii
Acacia
Acacia
Sweet acacia
303
353
352
351
350
345
341
337
336
334
333
332
331
330
323
322
321
320
319
318
317
316
315
314
313
312
311
310
304
0.52
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.52
0.46
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.56
0.44
0.49
0.44
0.52
0.42
0.44
0.47
0.47
0.52
Reference
c
a
a
25
b
c
1
d
d
d
d
1
d
d
a
a
a
a
a
25
25
25
1
25
31
25
a
b
c
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.53
0.45
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.50
0.54
0.50
0.48
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
a
a
26
b
c
e
d
d
d
d
e
d
d
a
a
a
a
a
13
13
13
e
14
e
10
a
b
c
c
c
Reference
c
99
99
99
99
75
74
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
70
70
70
70
70
57
68
64
71
70
91
71
70
70
75
75
75
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
13
b
c
e
d
d
d
d
13
d
d
a
a
a
a
a
13
13
13
e
e
e
13
a
b
c
c
c
Reference
0.52
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
75
75
75
75
80
78
89
89
89
89
89
89
89
91
91
91
91
91
90
80
79
89
90
92
114
91
91
80
80
80
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
22
b
c
e
d
d
d
d
e
d
d
a
a
a
a
a
1
e
1
e
1
e
22
a
b
c
c
c
Reference
300
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.58
0.53
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.63
0.47
0.54
0.46
0.57
0.46
0.48
0.52
0.52
0.58
0.58
0.58
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
a
a
25
b
c
1
d
d
d
d
1
d
d
a
a
a
a
a
25
25
25
1
25
31
25
a
b
c
c
c
Reference
Catclaw acacia
spp.
Acacia
Acacia spp.
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
11.5
11.5
12.0
11.5
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
15.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
15.6
8.6
10.0
10.9
10.9
15.2
15.2
15.2
Bark
volume
%
a
a
21
f
c
f
d
d
d
d
f
d
d
a
a
a
a
a
11
f
11
f
f
f
30
a
f
c
c
c
Reference
23
24
xalapensis
triloba
Amelanchier
Arbutus
Arbutus
Arbutus
Arbutus
Roundleaf serviceberry
Madrone spp.
Pacific madrone
Arizona madrone
Texas madrone
spp.
lenta
nigra
Betula
Betula
Yellow birch
Sweet birch
aquatica
Sideroxylon
Carpinus
Carya
Chittamwood, gum bumelia
American hornbeam, musclewood
Hickory spp.
Carya
Carya
Black hickory
Mockernut hickory
myristiciformis
Carya
Carya
Nutmeg hickory
Shagbark hickory
laciniosa
Carya
Shellbark hickory
glabra
alba
texana
ovata
illinoinensis
Carya
Carya
Pignut hickory
cordiformis
caroliniana
lanuginosum
populifolia
x utahensis
uber
papyrifera
Pecan
Carya
Betula
Gray birch
Carya
Betula
Northwestern paper birch
Water hickory
Betula
Virginia roundleaf birch
Bitternut hickory
spp.
Betula
Paper birch
occidentalis
Betula
Betula
River birch
Water birch
alleghaniensis
spp.
Asimina
Betula
Pawpaw
Birch spp.
arizonica
menziesii
spp.
sanguinea
arborea
Amelanchier
Amelanchier
Serviceberry spp.
356
409
408
407
406
405
404
403
402
401
400
391
381
379
378
377
375
374
373
372
371
370
367
363
362
361
360
358
357
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.64
0.56
0.62
0.60
0.66
0.60
0.61
0.62
0.58
0.52
0.45
0.51
0.51
0.48
0.51
0.49
0.60
0.55
0.51
0.52
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.66
0.66
Reference
1
25
a
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
b
1
c
1
a
a
25
a
1
25
25
b
c
d
d
1
d
a
a
0.60
0.62
0.72
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.62
0.55
0.53
0.55
0.58
0.58
0.56
0.58
0.55
0.62
0.62
0.58
0.53
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.56
23
a
13
14
14
14
23
23
14
b
e
c
e
a
a
13
a
e
e
10
b
c
d
d
25
d
a
a
e
a
Reference
a
63
69
60
77
65
66
65
71
84
69
46
75
64
74
74
74
74
86
73
72
74
75
66
66
66
66
48
48
48
99
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
25
a
13
29
13
25
13
25
25
b
26
c
13
a
a
25
a
e
25
25
b
c
d
d
26
d
a
a
26
a
Reference
0.37
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
60
57
34
60
60
60
60
60
60
57
89
80
63
55
55
52
55
46
53
60
55
80
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
75
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
e
a
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
5
e
c
1
a
a
22
a
e
1
e
b
c
d
d
e
d
a
a
e
a
Reference
355
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.72
0.68
0.72
0.60
0.69
0.66
0.75
0.66
0.62
0.68
0.70
0.58
0.51
0.58
0.58
0.55
0.58
0.56
0.65
0.62
0.58
0.58
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.41
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
25
a
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
b
1
c
1
a
a
25
a
1
25
25
b
c
d
d
1
d
a
a
1
a
Reference
Common serviceberry
glutinosa
Alnus
European alder
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
8.6
15.2
12.6
11.0
11.0
12.6
11.0
9.8
9.8
9.8
11.0
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
8.6
8.6
8.6
11.5
Bark
volume
%
f
a
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
9
f
c
f
a
a
8
a
f
f
21
f
c
d
d
f
d
a
a
f
a
Reference
laevigata
canadensis
ledifolius
kentukea
Carya
Carya
Carya
Castanea
Castanea
Castanea
Castanea
Castanea
Chrysolepis
Catalpa
Catalpa
Catalpa
Celtis
Celtis
Celtis
Celtis
Cercis
Cercocarpus
Scrub hickory
Red hickory
Southern shagbark hickory
Chestnut spp.
American chestnut
Allegheny chinkapin
Ozark chinkapin
Chinese chestnut
Giant chinkapin, golden chinkapin
Catalpa spp.
Southern catalpa
Northern catalpa
Hackberry spp.
Sugarberry
Hackberry
Netleaf hackberry
Eastern redbud
Curlleaf mountain-mahogany
nuttallii
spp.
Cornus
Cornus
Flowering dogwood
Pacific dogwood
calpodendron
chrysocarpa
Crataegus
Crataegus
Crataegus
Crataegus
Crataegus
Downy hawthorn
Brainerd’s hawthorn
Pear hawthorn
Fireberry hawthorn
Broadleaf hawthorn
dilatata
brainerdii
mollis
crus-galli
Crataegus
Crataegus
Hawthorn spp.
Cockspur hawthorn
florida
spp.
Cladrastis
Cornus
Yellowwood
Dogwood spp.
occidentalis
laevigata
spp.
speciosa
bignonioides
spp.
chrysophylla
mollissima
pumila
pumila
dentata
spp.
carolinae-septentrionalis
ovalis
floridana
411
506
505
504
503
502
501
500
492
491
490
481
475
471
463
462
461
460
452
451
450
431
424
423
422
421
420
413
412
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.58
0.64
0.61
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.42
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.62
0.62
0.62
Reference
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
18
1
d
c
c
c
d
25
d
d
1
d
d
1
d
d
d
25
d
a
a
a
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.42
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
18
e
d
c
c
c
d
23
d
d
e
d
d
30
d
d
d
14
d
a
a
a
a
Reference
a
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
46
33
40
75
75
75
64
64
64
64
73
73
73
133
120
120
120
120
120
69
69
69
69
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
e
e
d
c
c
c
d
29
d
d
26
d
d
26
d
d
d
25
d
a
a
a
a
Reference
0.62
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
91
91
91
80
80
80
90
90
90
90
89
89
89
91
89
89
89
89
89
57
57
57
57
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
e
e
d
c
c
c
d
e
d
d
e
d
d
e
d
d
d
e
d
a
a
a
a
Reference
410
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.62
0.73
0.68
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.46
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.68
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
f
1
d
c
c
c
d
25
d
d
1
d
d
1
d
d
d
25
d
a
a
a
a
Reference
pallida
Carya
Sand hickory
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
Bark
volume
%
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
f
f
d
c
c
c
d
23
d
d
f
d
d
30
d
d
d
f
d
a
a
a
a
Reference
25
26
profunda
quadrangulata
Fraxinus
Gymnocladus
Halesia
Kentucky coffeetree
Silverbell spp.
lasianthus
Gleditsia
Honeylocust
Gordonia
Gleditsia
Waterlocust
Ginkgo
Gleditsia
Honeylocust spp.
Loblolly-bay
Fraxinus
Texas ash
Ginkgo, maidenhair tree
triacanthos
Fraxinus
Carolina ash
spp.
dioicus
biloba
aquatica
spp.
texensis
caroliniana
velutina
Fraxinus
Fraxinus
Blue ash
Velvet ash
pennsylvanica
nigra
latifolia
americana
Fraxinus
Fraxinus
White ash
spp.
grandifolia
Pumpkin ash
Fraxinus
Ash spp.
Green ash
Fagus
American beech
anacua
texana
Fraxinus
Ehretia
Anacua knockaway
Fraxinus
Diospyros
Texas persimmon
virginiana
spp.
Oregon ash
Diospyros
Common persimmon
robusta
globulus
spp.
Black ash
Diospyros
Persimmon spp.
grandis
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus
Grand eucalyptus
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus
Tasmanian bluegum
River redgum
Swampmahogany
camaldulensis
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus spp.
monogyna
pedicellata
Crataegus
Crataegus
508
580
571
561
555
552
551
550
549
548
547
546
545
544
543
542
541
540
531
523
522
521
520
514
513
512
511
510
509
0.52
0.42
0.53
0.52
0.52
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.53
0.48
0.53
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.51
0.56
0.52
0.64
0.64
0.64
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
1
1
c
c
25
d
d
a
a
a
25
1
25
25
25
25
b
25
c
d
26
d
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
0.52
0.50
0.50
0.53
0.53
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.39
0.45
0.48
0.43
0.50
0.50
0.46
0.67
0.53
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
e
e
c
c
14
d
d
a
a
a
14
e
13
10
14
13
b
13
c
d
e
d
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
507
68
51
75
75
60
60
60
61
61
61
51
67
57
85
60
46
61
55
75
58
58
58
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
26
e
c
c
26
d
d
a
a
a
e
e
29
13
e
25
b
13
c
d
26
d
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
flabellata
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
89
60
80
80
89
89
89
86
86
86
89
89
70
90
89
89
86
89
80
89
89
89
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
e
e
c
c
e
d
d
a
a
a
e
e
5
e
e
e
b
e
c
d
e
d
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
Oneseed hawthorn
Crataegus
Fanleaf hawthorn
Species
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.45
0.60
0.58
0.58
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.58
0.52
0.56
0.49
0.55
0.60
0.55
0.64
0.58
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
1
1
c
c
f
d
d
a
a
a
25
1
25
25
25
25
b
25
c
d
26
d
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
Scarlet hawthorn
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
15.0
15.0
15.2
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
6.0
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
Bark
volume
%
f
f
c
c
f
d
d
a
a
a
f
f
26
f
f
f
9
11
c
d
f
d
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
tripetala
spp.
Magnolia
Magnolia
Magnolia
Magnolia
Bigleaf magnolia
Mountain or Fraser magnolia
Pyramid magnolia
Umbrella magnolia
ioensis
spp.
Malus
Malus
Malus
Morus
Morus
Southern crab apple
Sweet crab apple
Prairie crab apple
Mulberry spp.
White mulberry
alba
coronaria
angustifolia
fusca
Malus
Malus
Apple spp.
Oregon crab apple
pyramidata
fraseri
macrophylla
virginiana
grandiflora
acuminata
spp.
Magnolia
Magnolia
Cucumbertree
Magnolia
Magnolia
Magnolia spp.
pomifera
Southern magnolia
Maclura
Osage-orange
densiflorus
tulipifera
styraciflua
major
microcarpa
californica
hindsii
spp.
opaca
parviflora
diptera
Sweetbay
Liriodendron
Liquidambar
Sweetgum
Lithocarpus
Juglans
Arizona walnut
Yellow-poplar
Juglans
Texas walnut
Tanoak
Juglans
Southern California black walnut
nigra
Juglans
Butternut
Juglans
Juglans
Walnut spp.
Juglans
Ilex
American holly
Black walnut
Halesia
Little silverbell
Northern California black walnut
cinerea
Halesia
Two-wing silverbell
681
680
664
663
662
661
660
658
657
655
654
653
652
651
650
641
631
621
611
606
605
604
603
602
601
600
591
583
582
0.52
0.52
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.43
0.43
0.40
0.43
0.42
0.46
0.44
0.43
0.76
0.58
0.40
0.46
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.51
0.36
0.44
0.50
0.42
0.42
Reference
c
c
a
a
a
a
26
a
a
1
a
1
25
25
b
1
25
25
25
a
a
a
a
25
25
b
1
a
a
0.53
0.53
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.60
0.62
0.38
0.42
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.33
0.40
0.37
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
c
c
a
a
a
a
e
a
a
e
a
e
14
14
b
e
10
13
13
a
a
a
a
10
14
b
e
a
a
a
Reference
a
75
75
78
78
78
78
78
92
92
96
92
87
106
78
92
31
80
95
74
92
92
92
92
79
105
92
83
68
68
68
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
c
c
a
a
a
a
25
a
a
e
a
e
13
13
b
26
26
25
13
a
a
a
a
13
13
b
26
a
a
a
Reference
0.42
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
80
80
70
70
70
70
70
93
93
89
93
104
89
89
93
60
60
124
91
89
89
89
89
89
88
89
89
89
89
89
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
c
c
a
a
a
a
e
a
a
e
a
1
e
e
b
e
e
5
1
a
a
a
a
e
e
b
e
a
a
a
Reference
581
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.58
0.58
0.67
0.67
0.67
0.67
0.67
0.47
0.47
0.44
0.47
0.46
0.50
0.48
0.47
0.85
0.62
0.42
0.52
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.55
0.38
0.47
0.57
0.45
0.45
0.45
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
c
c
a
a
a
a
26
a
a
1
a
1
25
25
b
1
f
25
25
a
a
a
a
25
25
b
1
a
a
a
Reference
carolina
Halesia
Carolina silverbell
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
15.2
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
19.0
18.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Bark
volume
%
c
c
a
a
a
a
f
a
a
f
a
f
f
f
f
f
30
5
5
a
a
a
a
f
f
23
f
a
a
a
Reference
27
28
spp.
aquatica
Nyssa
Tupelo spp.
microphylla
spp.
borbonia
Nyssa
Nyssa
Ostrya
Oxydendrum
Paulownia
Persea
Blackgum
Swamp tupelo
Eastern hophornbeam
Sourwood
Paulownia, empress-tree
Bay spp.
spp.
balsamifera
deltoides
grandidentata
Platanus
Platanus
Platanus
Platanus
Populus
Populus
Populus
Sycamore spp.
California sycamore
American sycamore
Arizona sycamore
Cottonwood and poplar spp.
Balsam poplar
Eastern cottonwood
Populus
Populus
Silver poplar
Lombardy poplar
fremontii
Populus
Populus
Populus
Black cottonwood
Fremont cottonwood
Populus
Quaking aspen
Narrowleaf cottonwood
balsamifera
Populus
Plains cottonwood
nigra
alba
angustifolia
tremuloides
deltoides
heterophylla
Populus
Populus
Bigtooth aspen
Swamp cottonwood
wrightii
occidentalis
racemosa
spp.
aquatica
Persea
Planera
Redbay
Water-elm, planertree
tomentosa
arboreum
virginiana
biflora
sylvatica
ogeche
Nyssa
Nyssa
Water tupelo
Ogeechee tupelo
nigra
Morus
Morus
683
753
752
749
748
747
746
745
744
743
742
741
740
732
731
730
729
722
721
720
712
711
701
694
693
692
691
690
684
0.52
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.41
0.31
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.31
0.35
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.50
0.63
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.52
a
a
a
30
25
25
a
a
25
25
25
b
d
25
d
d
c
c
c
c
18
1
a
25
a
25
b
c
c
c
Reference
0.52
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.41
0.40
0.50
0.46
0.46
0.59
0.38
0.50
0.46
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.60
0.50
0.51
0.44
0.51
0.58
0.51
0.53
0.53
0.53
a
a
a
30
13
13
a
a
10
13
23
b
d
13
d
d
c
c
c
c
e
e
a
13
a
10
b
c
c
c
Reference
682
106
106
106
56
138
129
106
106
91
117
107
106
81
81
81
81
75
75
75
75
70
53
98
101
98
95
98
75
75
75
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
e
13
29
a
a
13
29
13
b
d
13
d
d
c
c
c
c
26
26
a
25
a
29
b
c
c
c
Reference
rubra
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
88
88
88
92
100
102
88
88
90
56
86
88
84
84
84
84
80
80
80
80
60
89
77
71
77
82
77
80
80
80
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
e
30
22
a
a
e
e
1
b
d
6
d
d
c
c
c
c
e
e
a
1
a
1
b
c
c
c
Reference
Texas mulberry
Morus
Red mulberry
Species
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.45
0.35
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.40
0.34
0.39
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.55
0.70
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.58
0.58
0.58
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
a
a
a
f
25
25
a
a
25
25
25
b
d
25
d
d
c
c
c
c
1
1
a
25
a
25
b
c
c
c
Reference
Black mulberry
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
18.4
18.4
18.4
22.0
16.3
14.4
18.4
18.4
14.4
22.0
22.0
18.4
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.0
15.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
Bark
volume
%
a
a
a
f
21
21
a
a
f
30
f
f
d
23
d
d
c
c
c
c
f
f
a
26
a
f
f
c
c
c
Reference
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
White oak
Arizona white oak
Swamp white oak
Quercus
Quercus
California live oak
Quercus
Quercus
Oak spp
Engelmann oak
Prunus
Mahaleb cherry, domesticated
Emory oak
Prunus
European plum, domesticated
Quercus
Prunus
Sour cherry, domesticated
Quercus
Prunus
Sweet cherry, domesticated
Northern pin oak
Prunus
Chickasaw plum
Durand oak
Prunus
Allegheny plum
Quercus
Prunus
Bitter cherry
Blue oak
Prunus
American plum
Quercus
Prunus
Canada plum
Quercus
Prunus
Peach
Canyon live oak
Prunus
Chokecherry
Scarlet oak
Prunus
Black cherry
Prosopis
Screwbean mesquite
Prunus
Prosopis
Velvet mesquite
Prunus
Prosopis
Honey mesquite
engelmannii
emoryi
ellipsoidalis
sinuata
douglasii
coccinea
chrysolepis
bicolor
arizonica
alba
agrifolia
spp.
mahaleb
domestica
cerasus
avium
angustifolia
alleghaniensis
emarginata
americana
nigra
persica
virginiana
serotina
pensylvanica
spp.
pubescens
velutina
glandulosa
811
810
809
808
807
806
805
804
803
802
801
800
774
773
772
771
770
769
768
766
765
764
763
762
761
760
758
757
756
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.60
0.70
0.64
0.59
0.60
0.59
0.59
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.78
0.78
0.78
a
a
a
a
a
25
30
25
a
25
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
25
a
b
a
a
a
31
Reference
0.78
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.71
0.64
0.55
0.58
0.56
0.58
0.58
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
a
a
a
a
a
10
14
e
a
13
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
10
a
b
a
a
a
e
Reference
755
75
75
75
75
75
71
74
58
75
68
75
75
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
53
21
21
21
21
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
a
a
13
13
13
a
13
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
29
a
b
a
a
a
e
Reference
spp.
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
83
83
83
83
83
49
90
89
83
89
83
83
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
41
41
41
41
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
a
a
6
e
e
a
17
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
e
a
b
a
a
a
e
Reference
Cherry and plum spp.
Prosopis
Mesquite spp.
Species
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.67
0.74
0.72
0.66
0.68
0.66
0.66
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
a
a
a
a
a
25
f
25
a
25
a
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
25
a
b
a
a
a
1
Reference
Pin cherry
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
22.0
16.0
16.0
19.1
16.0
19.1
19.1
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Bark
volume
%
a
a
a
a
a
f
f
f
a
5
a
f
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
11
a
f
a
a
a
f
Reference
29
30
laurifolia
muehlenbergii
nigra
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Blackjack oak
Swamp chestnut oak
Chinkapin oak
lyrata
palustris
phellos
Quercus
Quercus
Mexican blue oak
Pin oak
shumardii
stellata
Quercus
Quercus
Northern red oak
Shumard oak
Quercus
Quercus
Dwarf post oak
Dwarf live oak
virginiana
Quercus
Quercus
Live oak
Interior live oak
velutina
Quercus
Black oak
minima
margarettiae
wislizeni
similis
Quercus
Quercus
Post oak
Delta post oak
rubra
prinus
Quercus
Quercus
Willow oak
Chestnut oak
oblongifolia
texana
Quercus
Quercus
Water oak
Texas red oak
michauxii
marilandica
macrocarpa
Quercus
Quercus
Overcup oak
lobata
kelloggii
imbricaria
ilicifolia
garryana
Bur oak
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
California black oak
Turkey oak
Quercus
Quercus
Shingle oak
Laurel oak
Quercus
Scrub oak
California white oak
laevis
Quercus
Oregon white oak
pagoda
gambelii
Quercus
Quercus
813
841
840
839
838
837
836
835
834
833
832
831
830
829
828
827
826
825
824
823
822
821
820
819
818
817
816
815
814
0.61
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.80
0.56
0.59
0.60
0.59
0.56
0.57
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.59
0.56
0.59
0.60
0.59
0.58
0.57
0.55
0.56
0.59
0.51
0.59
0.59
0.64
0.61
a
a
a
25
25
a
25
a
25
25
25
25
a
a
25
a
25
a
25
25
30
25
a
18
a
a
1
3
25
25
Reference
0.52
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.51
0.60
0.58
0.51
0.58
0.68
0.54
0.59
0.60
0.58
0.58
0.62
0.58
0.51
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.55
0.50
0.58
0.45
0.58
0.58
0.63
0.63
0.63
0.68
a
a
a
14
10
a
10
a
13
10
10
14
a
a
14
a
14
a
10
14
30
e
a
14
a
a
30
e
14
10
Reference
812
75
75
75
52
83
75
71
75
83
77
83
77
75
75
83
75
68
75
74
77
84
83
75
101
75
75
58
66
68
97
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
13
13
a
13
a
13
13
13
13
a
a
13
a
13
a
13
13
13
13
a
13
a
a
13
13
13
13
Reference
falcata
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
83
83
83
89
90
83
89
83
91
60
90
90
83
83
73
83
89
83
90
89
89
121
83
89
83
83
65
66
91
48
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
e
17
a
17
a
17
6
e
17
a
a
5
a
e
a
e
e
e
5
a
e
a
a
e
e
17
6
Reference
Cherrybark oak
Quercus
Southern red oak
Species
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.88
0.61
0.66
0.67
0.66
0.63
0.66
0.69
0.63
0.66
0.66
0.63
0.66
0.67
0.66
0.64
0.63
0.58
0.63
0.66
0.55
0.66
0.66
0.72
0.63
0.69
0.59
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
a
a
a
25
25
a
25
a
25
25
25
25
a
a
25
a
25
a
25
25
f
25
a
f
a
a
1
f
25
25
Reference
Gambel oak
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
19.1
19.1
19.1
16.0
18.5
19.1
22.0
19.1
20.0
23.0
16.0
22.0
19.1
19.1
16.0
19.1
23.0
19.1
16.0
22.0
16.0
16.0
19.1
22.0
19.1
19.1
16.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
Bark
volume
%
a
a
a
f
11
a
f
a
9
5
f
f
a
a
f
a
f
a
f
f
f
f
a
f
a
a
f
f
f
5
Reference
elemifera
glabra
simaruba
spp.
glauca
lepidophloia
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Amyris
Annona
Bursera
Casuarina
Casuarina
Silverleaf oak
Oglethorpe oak
Dwarf chinkapin oak
Gray oak
Netleaf oak
Chisos oak
Sea torchwood
Pond-apple
Gumbo limbo
Sheoak spp.
Gray sheoak
elliptica
Guapira
Hippomane
Beeftree, longleaf blolly
Manchineel
aurea
Ficus
Ficus
Florida strangler fig
Wild banyantree, shortleaf fig
paniculata
Exothea
Butterbough, inkwood
affinis
mancinella
discolor
citrifolia
rhombea
Sophora
Eugenia
Texas sophora
pulverulenta
ebano
hookeri
anacardioides
sebestena
Red stopper
Ebenopsis
Leucaena
Blackbead ebony
Great leucaene
Cupaniopsis
Condalia
Carrotwood
Bluewood
Colubrina
Cordia
Soldierwood
spp.
diversifolia
Citrus
Coccoloba
Citrus spp.
Tietongue, pigeon-plum
Largeleaf geigertree
fruticosum
Citharexylum
Florida fiddlewood
camphora
Casuarina
Cinnamomum
Belah
Camphortree
graciliformis
rugosa
grisea
prinoides
oglethorpensis
hypoleucoides
883
882
877
876
874
873
870
869
868
867
866
865
864
863
860
859
858
857
856
855
854
853
852
851
847
846
845
844
843
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
Reference
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
a
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
0.59
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
842
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
incana
Quercus
Bluejack oak
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
Bark
volume
%
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Reference
31
32
pseudoacacia
spp.
Sapindus
Salix
Salix
Salix
Salix
Salix
Salix
Salix
Salix
Western soapberry
Willow spp.
Peachleaf willow
Black willow
Bebb willow
Bonpland willow
Coastal plain willow
Balsam willow
White willow
Thrinax
Family Arecaceae
Florida thatch palm
Other palms
Sabal
Thrinax
Cabbage palmetto
Key thatch palm
Roystonea
Sabal
Royal palm spp.
Mexican palmetto
nucifera
Cocos
Coconut palm
wrightii
alba
pyrifolia
caroliniana
bonplandiana
bebbiana
nigra
amygdaloides
spp.
saponaria
not listed above
radiata
morrisii
palmetto
mexicana
argentata
Acoelorraphe
Coccothrinax
Everglades palm, paurotis-palm
neomexicana
cumini
Florida silver palm
Robinia
Robinia
Black locust
New Mexico locust
indica
Syzygium
Tamarindus
Java plum
Tamarind
salicifolium
glauca
Sideroxylon
Simarouba
White bully, willow bustic
foetidissimum
actinophylla
piscipula
Paradisetree
Schefflera
Sideroxylon
Octopus tree, schefflera
False mastic
Piscidia
Fishpoison tree
toxiferum
indica
Mangifera
Metopium
Mango
885
927
926
925
924
923
922
921
920
919
915
914
913
912
911
909
908
907
906
902
901
897
896
895
891
890
888
887
886
0.52
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.66
0.66
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
Reference
c
a
a
a
a
a
25
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
25
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.29
0.29
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
a
a
a
a
a
14
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
10
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
c
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
41
41
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
a
a
13
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
26
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
0.52
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
88
88
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
a
a
a
a
a
1
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
e
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
884
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.69
0.69
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
a
a
a
a
a
25
a
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
25
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
Florida poisontree
latisiliquum
Lysiloma
False tamarind
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
Bark
volume
%
a
a
a
a
a
f
a
23
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
d
f
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
spp.
brevifolia
germinans
Ulmus
Ulmus
Ulmus
Ulmus
Umbellularia
Yucca
Siberian elm
Slippery elm
September elm
Rock elm
California-laurel
Joshua tree
Melia
Chinaberry
spp.
Tamarix
Melaleuca
Saltcedar
Rhizophora
Olneya
American mangrove
Desert ironwood
Melaleuca
tesota
Laguncularia
White-mangrove
azedarach
quinquenervia
mangle
racemosa
erectus
Avicennia
Conocarpus
Black-mangrove
Buttonwood-mangrove
californica
thomasii
serotina
rubra
pumila
crassifolia
americana
alata
Ulmus
Ulmus
Winged elm
spp.
americana
Ulmus
Ulmus
Elm spp.
American elm
Tilia
Carolina basswood
americana
americana
spp.
mahagoni
decora
aucuparia
americana
Cedar elm
Tilia
Tilia
American basswood
White basswood
Swietenia
Tilia
West Indian mahogany
Basswood spp.
Sorbus
Sorbus
European mountain-ash
Northern mountain-ash
Sorbus
Sorbus
Mountain-ash spp.
Sassafras
Sassafras
993
992
991
990
989
988
987
986
982
981
977
976
975
974
973
972
971
970
953
952
951
950
940
937
936
935
934
931
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.51
0.57
0.54
0.48
0.54
0.59
0.46
0.60
0.54
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.42
0.36
0.36
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
1
25
a
25
a
1
25
1
b
a
a
25
b
c
c
c
c
c
25
a
a
Reference
929
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.55
0.50
0.43
0.29
0.43
0.45
0.44
0.45
0.43
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.50
0.50
0.50
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
30
14
a
10
a
e
10
e
b
a
a
10
b
c
c
c
c
c
14
a
a
Reference
928
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
67
51
66
77
66
66
94
42
66
105
105
105
105
75
75
75
75
75
68
127
127
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
30
25
a
e
a
25
25
e
b
a
a
25
b
c
c
c
c
c
26
a
a
Reference
sepulcralis
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
43
57
91
171
91
75
78
75
91
90
90
90
90
80
80
80
80
80
89
99
99
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
e
e
a
e
a
e
e
e
6
a
a
e
b
c
c
c
c
c
e
a
a
Reference
American mountain-ash
albidum
Salix
Weeping willow
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.55
0.63
0.59
0.53
0.59
0.64
0.50
0.66
0.59
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.46
0.39
0.39
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
1
25
a
25
a
1
25
1
b
a
a
25
b
c
c
c
c
c
25
a
a
Reference
scouleriana
Salix
Scouler’s willow
Species
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.0
16.0
16.0
Bark
volume
%
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
f
f
a
f
a
f
f
f
23
a
a
8
f
c
c
c
c
c
f
a
a
Reference
33
34
broadleaf
Quercus
Quercus
Cordia
Buckley oak
Lacey oak
Anacahuita Texas Olive
boissieri
laceyi
buckleyi
polymorpha
gravesii
uniflora
f No reference source available, estimated based on similar species
e Based on green volume specific gravity and bark moisture content of similar species
d Assigned value of the tree of the same genus in Table 1A
c Assigned the average value of softwood trees or average value of hardwood trees from Table 1A
b Assigned genus value from Table 5
a Assigned average value of the trees of the same genus in Table 1A
Quercus
Mexican white oak
americana
Persea
Quercus
Avocado
Graves oak
berlandieriana
Crataegus
Fraxinus
Dwarf hawthorn
Berlandier ash
phaenopyrum
succulenta
Crataegus
Crataegus
Washington hawthorn
unknown
Fleshy hawthorn
Tree
Tree
Unknown dead hardwood
Other or unknown live tree
angustifolia
Elaeagnus
Russian-olive
fordii
obovatus
Vernicia
Cotinus
995
8651
8514
8513
8512
8511
7211
5491
5093
5092
5091
999
998
997
996
0.52
0.52
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.59
0.52
0.51
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
c
a
a
a
a
c
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
0.52
0.53
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.53
0.46
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
c
a
a
a
a
c
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
994
75
75
75
75
75
75
61
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
Avg.
moisture
content of
wood as a
% of ovendry weight
c
a
a
a
a
c
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
sebifera
Bark
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
80
83
83
83
83
80
86
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
Avg.
moisture
content of
bark as a
% of ovendry weight
c
a
a
a
a
c
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
Tungoil tree
Triadica
Chinese tallowtree
Species
FIA
Code
Wood
Specific
gravity
(green
volume
basis dry
weight)
0.58
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.66
0.58
0.55
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.58
Wood
Specific
gravity (12
pct MC
volume
basis dry
weight)
c
a
a
a
a
c
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
Smoketree
Genus
Common name
Table 4.—continued
15.2
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
15.2
16.0
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
Bark
volume
%
c
a
a
a
a
c
a
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Reference
35
Larix
Picea
Pinus
Thuja
Tsuga
Acer
Betula
Carya
Cornus
Fraxinus
Juglans
Magnolia
Nyssa
Populus
Quercus
Ulmus
Larch
Spruce
Pine
Aborvitae
Hemlock
Maple
Birch
Hickory
Dogwood
Ash
Walnut
Magnolia
Tupelo
Poplar
Oak
Elm
5
22
6
2
4
2
6
2
8
5
7
3
2
24
5
2
4
0.58
0.44
0.59
0.66
0.39
0.50
0.47
0.47
0.55
0.68
0.68
0.58
0.52
0.43
0.32
0.47
0.39
0.53
0.54
0.40
0.38
36.0
27.8
36.9
41.2
24.0
31.2
29.3
29.0
34.3
42.1
42.3
36.1
32.2
27.0
19.7
29.3
24.6
32.8
33.4
24.8
23.4
577
445
592
661
385
500
470
465
550
675
677
578
515
433
315
469
394
525
535
396
376
0.52
0.41
0.54
0.59
0.35
0.46
0.43
0.44
0.51
0.61
0.62
0.51
0.47
0.41
0.30
0.43
0.36
0.49
0.51
0.37
0.36
32.6
25.7
33.7
37.1
21.9
28.7
26.8
27.1
31.6
38.1
38.5
32.1
29.5
25.4
18.7
26.8
22.2
30.3
31.5
23.3
22.2
523
411
540
594
352
460
430
435
506
610
616
514
473
406
300
429
356
485
505
373
356
* Moisture content is extremely variable and the values shown are averages or estimates based on the literature cited.
100
Juniperus
Juniper
3
7
Hardwood
Chamaecyparis
Cedar
56
Abies
Fir
No. of
species
Softwood
Genus
Common name
Green volume basis
Average mositure content
(MC) and green weight of
wood *
Green volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry
weight of bark
Average mositure content
(MC) and green weight of
bark *
Bark
volume
44.1
56.1
75.12
55.3
64.7
44.8
56.8
51.5
51.5
50.7
53.0
64.9
55.8
50.0
45.0
31.5
46.8
35.2
47.5
42.9
41.1
40.8
74.28
65.84
75.30
106.31
98.04
91.83
91.95
61.08
39.58
68.93
73.75
70.16
78.40
69.26
76.22
59.22
56.98
36.11
77.27
83.79
899
707
886
1036
718
911
825
825
812
849
1039
893
801
721
505
749
564
761
687
659
653
0.53
0.42
0.43
0.58
0.46
0.51
0.44
0.37
0.46
0.58
0.62
0.58
0.53
0.46
0.40
0.40
0.44
0.32
0.40
0.40
0.49
32.9
26.0
26.6
36.1
28.9
31.8
27.5
22.8
28.6
36.2
38.4
36.2
33.3
28.5
24.6
25.0
27.3
19.7
25.0
25.0
30.3
527
417
426
579
463
510
440
365
458
580
615
580
533
456
395
401
438
315
400
400
485
80.64
70.51
91.07
82.95
87.64
76.77
93.03
88.85
86.05
90.66
56.91
54.66
90.54
97.35
73.35
68.37
80.51
81.38
60.25
92.32
62.51
58.8
44.5
49.0
65.7
54.5
56.5
53.0
43.0
53.2
69.0
60.0
56.0
63.1
56.3
43.0
41.9
49.4
35.5
40.0
48.0
49.1
942
712
785
1,053
873
905
849
689
852
1,105
961
897
1,011
902
689
671
791
569
641
769
787
15.32
14.47
14.00
19.12
18.52
14.00
15.00
15.00
16.00
15.00
16.00
10.94
10.81
16.18
12.28
16.13
12.55
14.00
12.00
11.58
11.76
Avg.
Avg. bark
moisture
volume
Avg. MC
Avg.
Avg.
content
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
Avg.
as % of
Avg.
Avg.
Average oven-dry oven-dry as a % of
Avg.
Avg.
Average oven-dry oven-dry Average oven-dry oven-dry as a % of
weight oven-dry green wt. green wt. wood
weight
oven-dry green wt. green wt. specific
weight
specific weight
weight
specific weight
(lb/m3) (kg/m3) volume
weight
(kg/m3)
(lb/cf)
gravity
(kg/m3)
(lb/cf)
weight
(kg/m3)
(lb/cf)
gravity
(kg/m3)
(lb/cf)
gravity
12% MC volume basis
Specific gravity and oven-dry weight of wood
Corrected Table 5.—Average specific gravity, dry weight, green weight, and moisture content for tree Genus groups found in North America.
(The values in the columns with unit measurements lb/cf and kg/m3 were corrected on Feb. 10, 2010.)
Miles, Patrick D.; Smith, W. Brad. 2009. Specific gravity and other properties
of wood and bark for 156 tree species found in North America. Res. Note
NRS-38. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northern Research Station. 35 p.
This paper reports information for the estimation of biomass for 156 tree species
found in North America for use in national forest inventory applications. We present
specific gravities based on average green volume as well as 12 percent moisture
content volume for calculation of oven-dry biomass. Additional information is
included on bark thickness, bark voids, and bark percentages by species and green
and dry weight of wood and bark.
KEY WORDS: bark percentage, bark thickness, biomass, tree volume, dry weight,
green weight
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