Instrumentation
Analysis
Handling equipment
Academy
Innovative SF6 gas
lifecycle solutions
Alexander Wiegand,
Chairman and CEO WIKA
About us
Over the past 60 years WIKA Alexander Wiegand SE & Co.
KG has built a reputation as a renowned partner and
competent specialist for any task in the field of pressure and
temperature measurement. On the basis of steadily growing
efficiency, innovative technologies are applied when developing new products and system solutions. The reliability of
the products and the readiness to face all challenges of the
market have been the key factors for WIKA achieving a
leading position in the global market.
2
Within the WIKA group of companies, 7,900 employees are
dedicated to maintaining and improving pressure and
temperature measurement technology. Over 500 experienced employees within the sales department consult
customers and users competently on a partnership basis.
Contents
Facts about SF6 gas
4
Quality made by WIKA
5
Worldwide consulting
6
Lifecycle solution provider
6
Instrumentation
8
Online monitoring
16
Connecting parts
17
Gas analysis
18
Filling and handling equipment
24
Academy and service
26
Applications
High voltage/medium voltage
Examples of SF6 gas-filled components in electricity transmission and distribution
■■ Switchgear (GIS)
■■ Instrument transformers
■■ Disconnectors
■■ Transmission lines (GIL)
■■ Switch-disconnectors
■■ Transformers (GIT)
■■ Circuit breakers (Live & Dead Tank)
■■ Ring main units (RMU)
3
Facts about SF6 gas
SF6 gas, the strongest known greenhouse gas
In the atmosphere, SF6 gas is undesirable due to its
high global warming potential and it was listed, along
with five other gases, in the Kyoto Protocol.
Its climatic impact is 22,800 times greater than that of carbon
dioxide, and its residence time in the atmosphere is approximately 3,200 years. Worldwide there are strict regulations
that demand emission reductions in SF6 gas.
In the EU, the F-Gas regulation, (EC) No. 517/2014 on the
limitation of greenhouse gas emissions, came into force in
2014. In this, the general requirements for the specific
handling of SF6 gas and other fluorinated gases (F-Gases)
were established.
Gas losses from SF6 gas-filled components are both an
environmental problem as well as a safety risk, with the
associated production or plant shutdown and/or costly
service call-outs.
In Germany, the producers of SF6 gas and the manufacturers
and operators of gas-filled switchgear have thus joined forces
and signed a voluntary commitment including emission limits.
The current state of the art for SF6 gas-filled equipment is
mature and is constantly evolving to take account of climaterelated problems.
Characteristics
Applications
■■ Chemical name: sulphur hexafluoride
For over 50 years, SF6 gas has been used successfully
in various industrial applications.
■■ Colourless, odourless, non-toxic, non-flammable,
chemically inert
■■ High dielectric strength, almost 3 x higher than
air or N2
■■ Climate-effecting CO2 equivalent: 22,800
■■ Lifetime in the atmosphere: 3,200 years
Most of the SF6 gas volume is used in switchgear and
switch-disconnectors in electricity transmission and distribution. Further high-voltage applications can be found in
particle accelerators, radar systems and X-ray systems. In
the medical field, SF6 gas is used in MRI equipment, in eye
surgery and other applications.
In medium and high-voltage switchgear of the network
operators, the gas acts as an extremely efficient insulation
medium and operates as the arc suppression during the
switching process. The gas provides the ideal solution due to
its high dielectric strength and its ability for recombination.
Due to its superior properties in comparison with other
media, such as air or nitrogen, systems can be built with
much more compact dimensions.
Model of a sulphur hexafluoride molecule
(one sulphur atom bound with six fluorine atoms)
4
Quality made by WIKA
Through the continual extension of the product and
service portfolio, WIKA is in a position to offer targeted
SF6 gas solutions. For this, WIKA works very closely
together with the manufacturers of gas-insulated
equipment.
The products vary widely in their order quantities (1 ...
> 1,000 pieces/lot), size (valve … handling device) and
application area. Despite the resulting challenges to sales,
production and logistics, we always deliver the same high
WIKA quality. With the WIKA production system with Kaizen
activities in manufacturing and administration, we follow a
flexible and adaptable business strategy.
Customer orientation is at the centre of all our efforts.
Through the targeted efforts of WIKA’s quality management,
we have succeeded in minimising the error rate of the SF6
product division. SF6 gas measuring instruments from WIKA
are 100% function-tested and leak-tested. Thus, components
that come into contact with SF6 gas feature a lasting low
leakage rate, with the stainless steel components welded to
high standards. At WIKA, even the sealing of the case to the
process connection is rigorously implemented with a welded
design. The result is a robust and durable product, that you
can always rely on. ible und anpassungsfähige
Unternehmens-Strategie.
Milestones company division SF6 gas
1976Introduction of the first gas density monitor with
temperature compensation
1990Introduction of the first gas density monitor with an external
temperature sensor
1992The first generation of “Online Monitoring” with a gas
density transmitter
2000Introduction of the first gas density indicators, gas density
switches and gas density monitors for medium-voltage
systems
2004 Introduction of a gas density switch with smaller drift
2005Introduction of the second generation of “Online
Monitoring” with a gas density transmitter with field case
2009Acquisition of the SF6 division of the gas analysis
specialists G.A.S. in Dortmund
2010Extension of the portfolio with valves and gas handling
instruments
2013Introduction of digital SF6 gas condition transmitters of the
“Smart Grid” generation
WIKA SF6 gas Center of Excellence
WIKA offers more than 30 years of experience in the
development and series production of SF6 gas instrumentation. Currently, well over 1 mio. WIKA measuring instruments around the world are taking care of SF6 gas plant
safety in the transmission and distribution of electricity.
■■ > 24 mio. euros turnover worldwide
■■ Production facilities in Klingenberg, Dortmund
(Germany) and Suzhou (China)
■■ Over 100 employees worldwide in the SF6 gas
products division
5
Worldwide consulting
Russia
Germany
USA
Korea
China
Egypt
Mexico
India
Colombia
Singapore
Brazil
Australia
In our academy, we educate and train customers on site or
within our subsidiaries. Wherever you are located, we can
assist you.
Lifecycle solution
provider for SF6 gas
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Start
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Evacuation of SF6
P ro
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6
Evacuation
M
Designing for a service life of up to 40 years requires both the
use of high-quality components and an adequate maintenance strategy. WIKA is the only company to offer a product
portfolio and comprehensive application experience for the
entire SF6 gas lifecycle – everything from one source. Our
customers can thus access in-depth know-how – from
planning to the disposal of SF6 gas-filled equipment.
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Fill
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SF 6
ith
Companies that are involved in the lifecycle of SF6
gas-filled equipment, include gas suppliers and plant
manufacturers, operators and service providers.
nc
go
e/s
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i
ty
With well over a million WIKA measuring instruments in the
field, the SF6 gas density monitoring of equipment within the
electricity transmission and distribution is assured.
Within the WIKA SF6 gas academy, our customers gain
practical information and training on this complex subject.
f SF
er vi
6
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Gas
qu
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Around the globe, WIKA employees are available to you for
SF6 gas applications. Our engineers and service technicians
offer you the best solutions for your application from a diverse
portfolio.
Lifecycle solution provider
Products and services
Instrumentation
The monitoring of the SF6 gas condition
is used for plant safety.
Product variants:
■■ Mechanical gas density indicators
■■ Mechanical gas density monitors
with alarm contacts
Connecting parts
For the filling or evacuation procedure
for SF6 tanks, reliable connection
technology is required in order to
prevent gas leakage and to enable
efficient operation. WIKA connecting
parts fulfil the highest customer requirements, and include valves, couplings,
hoses and other components.
■■ Mechanical gas density switches without display
■■ Gas density transmitters with analogue output
■■ Gas condition transmitter with digital output
Analytic and detection instruments
The plant safety of SF6 gas-insulated
equipment is reduced significantly
through low concentrations of SF6
decomposition products. In operation,
these arise through arcing in moist or
impure SF6 gas. WIKA offers a complete product line for gas analytics,
including accessories.
Leak detection instruments enable accurate detection and
quantification of leakage points. The timely detection and
sealing of the smallest leaks reduces environmental impact
and saves on the refilling of leaked gas quantities.
Filling and handling equipment
The service operations for the evacuation and filling of SF6 tanks, or the
processing of contaminated SF6 gas,
must be carried out with the appropriate equipment and by trained
personnel. The WIKA product portfolio
for filling and handling equipment
covers everything to do with the
handling of SF6 gas.
SF6 gas academy
In order to identify potential for
SF6-Gas
ACADEMY
improvement in the SF6 gas lifecycle,
in-depth knowledge about SF6 gas
characteristics and legislation is
required. The “SF6 gas academy”
initiative was launched to create a
cooperative learning environment and
to develop best practice solutions in
conjunction with experts. Each seminar is individually tailored
to the needs of the participants.
7
SF6 gas instrumentation ensures
plant safety
For safety reasons, the filling level of SF6 gas is defined
for each gas compartment and monitored using an SF6
gas density measuring instrument.
use of gas density transmitters with analogue or digital signal
outputs. The transmitters allow a more precise, continuous
and central signal monitoring.
WIKA’s gas density determination is made with pressure
measurement that has been specifically adapted to the ‘real
gas’ behaviour of SF6 gas by compensating for the effects of
temperature changes. Measurement uncertainties, resulting
from the fluctuating ambient pressure, are also eliminated by
the hermetically sealed case.
The signals or data packets sent are permanently monitored
by SCADA systems with integrated data storage and data
processing.
Should the gas density decrease due to leakage, defined
alarm contacts in the gas density monitor provide a warning
or, if the lower limit is reached, shut the plant down. Modern
plant monitoring in the era of the “Smart Grid” requires the
SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, also see flyer GDHT-20
8
In addition to the gas density measurement, the GDHT-20
multi-sensor can provide pressure, temperature and humidity
signals in Modbus® protocol.
Alongside the instrumentation, WIKA offers analytic and
handling products.
Instrumentation
Proactive plant monitoring and service for
high-voltage switchgear
Analysis
The online monitoring of SF6 gas with trend analysis reduces
the risk of failure and the operating costs. The continuous
visibility of the plant status enables operators to move away
from the previously used preventive or reactive maintenance
strategies. In the future, the electricity grid operators will be
able to implement a condition-based SF6 gas service and
maintenance strategy. Unnecessary work within defined
maintenance cycles is eliminated. Thus, the number of
service calls for fault rectification and the associated plant
downtime is reduced significantly. If a leak is detected with
the gas density measuring instrument, its exact location can
be determined with the portable SF6 gas detection
instrument and repairs undertaken.
With the help of WIKA gas analytic instruments, the condition
of the SF6 gas in the plant can be determined directly in the
field. Within 5 to 10 minutes, directly on site, the user is in the
position to decide whether the equipment needs repair.
Depending on the model, the quality parameters of purity,
humidity and concentration of decomposition products are
measured. Operation is very simple, since after the connection of the gas chamber, the measurement must simply
be started manually. The automatic flow control provides for
precise and reproducible results. Following the
measurement, the result is compared to the applicable
benchmarks in accordance with IEC or CIGRE, and,
depending on the model, can be saved.
Handling
Filling and handling equipment can be used for the filling,
refilling and preparation of SF6 gas. Depending on the
application, equipment is used in manufacture, installation
and maintenance. The size of the plant depends on the
volume of the gas compartment being worked upon.
Depending on the customer requirements, the operation and
form of the equipment varies.
9
SF6 gas instrumentation
SF6 gas-filled plant are often exposed to harsh conditions, including, for example, extreme temperature
fluctuations, strong winds, high humidity and ambient
pressure changes. In the face of this, to ensure optimal
operational safety of the plant, the correct interpretation of the gas density measurement is of central
importance. WIKA’s SF6 gas density measuring
instruments are especially durable.
Long-term advantages
Technology
WIKA product
Constant indication with
Temperature compensation
■■ Density
temperature changes
■■ Density
■■ Density
switch
■■ Density
monitor
■■ Density
No condensation problems on
the window
No influence due to altitude or
atmospheric pressure
Hermetically sealed case
■■ Density
■■ Density
Hermetically sealed case
■■ Density
■■ Density
or corrode
■■ Welded
measuring system
from 316L stainless steel
■■ Helium
leak rate
< 1 x 10 −8 mbar x l/s
10
indicator
switch
monitor
indicator
switch
■■ Density
monitor
■■ Density
transmitter
indicator
■■ Density
switch
monitor
Reliable switch point setting
Fixed setting through laser-
■■ Density
Sealed, tamper-resistant case
Case secured with weld spot
■■ Density
welded point
transmitter
■■ Density
■■ Density
Measuring system will not leak
monitor
indicator
■■ Density
monitor
indicator
Instrumentation
Temperature compensation of pressure measuring instruments
The principle reason for pressure changes in SF6 gas-filled
plant is changes in the ambient temperature. With known gas
pressure and temperature, the gas density can be calculated
exactly.
p
p
Pressure
Indication
Density
Temperature
compensation
20 °C
Temperature
In the diagram on the left, the black horizontal line represents
the actual gas density. The green line shows the rising
pressure due to rising temperature measured with a standard
pressure gauge. So that the correct gas density may be
determined using a pressure measuring instrument, the
pressure increase resulting from the rise in temperature must
be compensated in the indication.
20 °C
Temperature
In the diagram on the right, the temperature-compensated
pressure display, corresponding to the gas density of the gas
tanks, is shown.
11
Temperature compensation principles
Bimetal: Density monitors and density displays
A bimetal between the
movement and measuring
spring converts temperature
changes into changes in
length. The indication on the
dial is constant, despite the
temperature-induced
pressure variations. Only
declining pressure due to
loss of gas is indicated.
p
actual pressure profile
0 °C
<2
Bimetal
p
Tank
20 °C
0 °C
>2
60 °C
Temperature
p
Bimetal
20 °C
compensation of the indication
60 °C
Temperature
Indication
20 °C
60 °C
Temperature
temperature-compensated pressure
indication, displayed value
Metal bellows: Density monitor with external temperature sensor
The temperature compensation with external capillary
sensor enables temperature
measurement directly in the
tank.
0 °C
>2
External
temperature
sensor
p
p
Tank
20 °C
actual pressure profile
12
60 °C
Temperature
0 °C
<2
Metal bellows
p
Metal bellows
20 °C
compensation of the indication
60 °C
Temperature
Indication
20 °C
60 °C
Temperature
temperature-compensated pressure
indication, displayed value
Instrumentation
Reference chamber: Density switch
A chamber filled with SF6 gas serves as a reference. With
environmental influences, the reference chamber behaves
the same as the tank and thus does not cause any change in
the switch condition.
High voltage
Medium voltage
Reference chamber
Stainless steel
Electronic sensor: Density transmitter
A pressure transmitter specifically developed for SF6 gas
density measurement delivers a temperature-compensated
output signal.
Ustab
+
–
Compensation
of p through T
Wheatstone measuring bridge with temperature compensation for SF6 gas
13
Product overview for
SF6 gas instrumentation
The components and processes for manufacturing
WIKA’s SF6 gas measuring instrument family have
proven themselves in the widest variety of industries
and applications. With the help of the range of WIKA’s
modular system for measurement technology, the
instruments have been specifically designed and
optimised for SF6 gas applications.
This results in synergies that benefit the customer in
the long run.
With the wide range of instrument variants, different
customer requirements are served, in terms of
equipment, measurement parameters, measuring
ranges, accuracy and alarm functionality.
Mechanical and mechatronic measuring instruments
Model
GDI
GDM-63
GDM-100
GDS-MV
Model designation
Gas density indicator
Gas density monitor
Gas density monitor
Gas density switch,
Output
–
max. 2 switch
max. 3 switch
max. 2 switch
Special features
■■ Bimetal
■■ Bimetal
■■ Bimetal
■■ Reference
NS63 and NS100
NS63
contacts
sation
■■ Dial
compen-
layout to cus-
tomer requirements
tion
compensa-
NS100
contacts
sation
compen-
■■ Magnetic snap-action
■■ Magnetic
■■ Dial
■■ Dial
contacts
layout to custom-
er requirements
snap-
action contacts
layout to cus-
tomer requirements
■■ Variant
medium voltage
contacts
compensation
■■ Micro
■■ High
switches
switching
accuracy
-TS with ex-
ternal temperature
sensor
Data sheets
14
SP 60.21, SP 60.03
SP 60.70
SP 60.02, SP 60.04
chamber
SP 60.32
Instrumentation
Mechanical and mechatronic gas density
measurement
Electronic gas density and gas condition
measurement
While gas density indicators only show the temperaturecompensated filling status on a marked colour dial, gas
density monitors offer additional alarm signals at pre-defined
switching thresholds for equipment monitoring. Offering only
the switching function, gas density switches complete the
portfolio for this sector.
The analogue and digital transmitters provide continuous
signals or data packets for evaluation in the SCADA control
rooms of modern transformer and distribution substations.
Through the combination of transmitter with gas density
monitor, in addition to the signal redundancy, it is possible to
read the status of the SF6 gases – on site and in the control
room.
Electronic measuring instruments
GDS-HV
GD10
GDT-20
GDHT-20
GDM-100-TI/TA
Gas density switch,
Gas density transmitter
Transmitter for gas
Transmitter for gas
Combination
high voltage
­density, temperature and
pressure with
output
max. 4 switch contacts
4 … 20 mA
■■ Reference
■■ Electronic
chamber
compensation
■■ Micro
■■ High
switches
switching
accuracy
sation
■■ Various
Modbus® RTU via
RS485
compen-
connection
variants: field case
-F, cable -C, connector -L
■■ Variants
■■ Calculation
to 247 transmitters
on one master
GDM-100 and GD10
with Modbus® output
Modbus® RTU via
max. 3 switch contacts
■■ Calculation
■■ Variants
RS485
of the
gas density or gas
humidity values
■■ Up
to 247 transmitters
on one master
available
+ 4 … 20 mA
with inte-
grated GD10 gas
density transmitter TI
or built-in transmitter TA
with adapter or measuring chamber
-FT or transmitter -F2
SP 60.12, SP 60.13
pressure and humidity
■■ Optionally
with
SP 60.10, SP 60.11,
of the gas
density values
■■ Up
temperature sensor
SP 60.30
Modbus®
­density, temperature,
SP 60.09
SP 60.14
SP 60.05, SP 60.06
15
Online monitoring
Online monitoring
of SF6 gas measured values with digital gas condition transmitters
Digital transmitters form the foundation for a continuous and
highly accurate real-time monitoring of your SF6 gas-filled
equipment. Transmitters from WIKA have been specifically
designed for this purpose and combine high-precision
sensors for pressure, temperature and humidity with a
standardised digital interface. From this, the transmitter
calculates the values ​​for gas density and dew point. Due to
the RS485 interface and the use of the widely used Modbus®
protocol, these transmitters can be employed virtually
anywhere and can also be used for retrofitting to existing
equipment. Thanks to the advanced technology, up to 247
sensors can be queried from a single BUS master. The effort
and costs for the installation are thus reduced to a minimum.
A gas management system based on WIKA’s advanced SF6 gas
sensor technology enables:
■■ Real-time remote monitoring
■■ Optimised and exact filling of plant
■■ Early detection of the smallest leaks
■■ Documentation of emission rates
■■ Allocation of emissions to a measuring point
■■ Change from time-based maintenance
to condition-based maintenance
■■ Real-time-creation of on-line trends
and analyses
16
Connecting parts
Connecting parts
The connection technology for SF6 gas must be able to
route SF6 gas from one gas compartment to another
efficiently and without any losses. This happens during
filling and maintenance operations on gas-filled
equipment.
Thanks to self-closing valve mechanisms, accidental
emissions can be reliably eliminated.
Valves on both sides of the connecting hoses (available in
rubber and stainless steel) prevent the environmentally
harmful gas from escaping to the atmosphere.
Sectional illustration: DN20 valve, not coupled
Model
Function
The two-stage sealing principle with O-ring and metal
contour seal enables safe connection and disconnection
under pressure. The robust design ensures consistent high
sealing, even after a large number of operating cycles.
Depending on the application, the customer can select the
material. The standards are aluminium, brass and stainless
steel – available with material certificate if required.
Depending on requirements, the connecting parts can be
delivered in nominal diameters DN6 – DN20. In addition to
the valves, accessories such as adapters, solder and weld
fittings and protection caps are within the standard range.
Custom designs or combinations of components and gas
connection kits are manufactured individually.
Sectional illustration: DN20 valve, coupled
GCV
GCC
GCA
GCF
GCP
GCH
GCK
GCM
Valve
Coupling
Adapter
Solder and
Protection
Hose
Gas con-
Combina-
valve
weld connection
cap
nection kit
tion valve
Nominal
DN6 …
DN6 …
DN6 …
DN6 …
DN6 …
DN6 …
–
–
diameter
DN20
Materials
AI, SS, brass
AI, SS, brass
AI, SS, brass
AI, SS, brass
AI, SS, brass
SS, rubber
AI, SS, brass
Al
SP 61.12,
SP 61.12,
SP 61.12,
SP 61.12,
SP 61.12,
SP 61.15
SP 61.16
SP 61.11
SP 61.14
SP 61.14
SP 61.14
SP 61.14
SP 61.14
Data
sheets
SP 61.13,
DN20
SP 61.13,
DN20
SP 61.13,
DN20
SP 61.13,
DN20
SP 61.13,
DN40
17
Gas analysis
Discharges during switching operations in SF6 gasfilled equipment lead, over time, to increased concentrations of toxic and highly-corrosive decomposition
products.
The formation of decomposition products is dependent on
the amount of air and moisture reactants in the SF6 gas
during the discharge. These contaminants (air, moisture and
18
decomposition products) prevent the continued safe operation of the switchgear. In particular, the decomposition
products strongly attack and corrode the surfaces within the
tank. This progressively reduces the dielectric strength of the
insulation materials in the switchgear. The use of gas analysis
instruments is absolutely necessary to monitor the concentration of harmful decomposition products, thus ensuring
long-term plant safety.
Gas analysis
With energy input during
equipment operation, the
otherwise stable SF6 gas
decomposes into reactive
and corrosive products such
as SF4 and other compounds (see illustration
“Formation of decomposition
products”). From the
reactants of air and moisture
in the gas, further decomposition products are formed.
Formation of decomposition products
Without reactant
SF6
SF4 + 2F
with reactants
further decomposition
products are built
MFN
O2
H 2O
H2O
SOF4
O2
H2O
SO2F2 + HF
(M = V
ariable for electrode material)
SiO2
SOF2 + HF
Chemical
Stability in air
SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride
stable
SF4 Sulphur tetrafluoride
fast decay
S2F10 Disulphur decafluoride
SOF2 Thionyl fluoride
SiF4 + 2H2O
H2O
SO2 + 2HF
End products
common
limit value
[ppmv]
Odour
1,000
odourless
HF, SO2
0.3
acrid, sour
stable
SF4, SF6
0.01
acrid
slow decay
HF, SO2
1.5
acrid, pungent
SOF4 Thionyl tetrafluoride
stable
SO2F2
0.5
sour
SO2F2 Sulphuryl fluoride
stable
0.3
odourless
SO2 Sulphur dioxide
stable
1.0
acrid
HF Hydrogen fluoride
stable
2.0
sour
SiF4 Silicon tetrafluoride
fast decay
0.5
pungent
SiO2, HF
Quality directives
The IEC and CIGRE organisations develop criteria and limit
values for SF6 gas. These specify the limits at which a
contamination exists, and how the correct handling of the SF6
gas used in switchgear should be made. The permissible
standard values are stated in IEC 60480, the “Guidelines for
the checking and treatment of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)”.
Maximum concentration of contaminants
in SF6 gas for re-use (in accordance with
IEC 60480):
■■ Air and/or CF4: 3 %
■■ Gaseous decomposition products: 50 ppmv
■■ Humidity: dew point:
−23 °C (filling pressure < 200 kPa abs.) or
−36 °C (filling pressure > 200 kPa abs.)
Colour changes in resin samples as a result of decomposition products in SF6 gas
19
Detection instruments
Leakage in switchgear can cause high maintenance
costs and, depending on the size, can quickly become a
safety risk. Thus, gas leaks must be pinpointed
promptly and reliably and then eliminated.
Leakage detection
IR-Leak 2,000 ppmv
The IR-Leak, with a measuring range of 2,000 ppmv is
the ideal measuring instrument for locating the leak on
site and to make a quantitative measurement of it.
Thus specific repair measures can be taken. The leak
detection using infrared spectroscopy is neither distorted by
moisture or common volatile organic compounds, nor by
wind.
Emission monitoring
IR-Monitor with optional multisampler
Stationary measuring instrument for the monitoring of
the concentration of SF6 gas in the ambient air to
guarantee operational safety in enclosed spaces.
The instrument continually checks the air in the room with a
non-dispersive infrared sensor. Via a high-volume alarm,
there is an immediate warning of any hazardous gas concentrations in the air. Usually, samples are taken continuously,
close to gas tanks or gas-insulated switchgear, from which
large quantities of SF6 gas could escape within a short period
of time.
Most of these areas are physically separated or too large for
a central measuring point. With the help of the multiplexer, up
to 10 measuring points can be monitored with a single
emission monitor. Thus the instrument scans through all
active sampling boxes at a predefined interval. If a measuring
point is not needed, it can be completely switched off within
the instrument configuration
20
Gas analysis
Leak test
Tracer and IR-Leak 50 ppmv
Measuring instruments specifically for the measurement of
small SF6 gas concentrations to detect the smallest of
leaks.
The quantitative gas measurement of SF6 gas in the air is carried
out reliably and reproducibly even at the smallest quantities. The
technology used is based on photo-acoustic infrared spectroscopy. The SF6-Tracer achieves a very high accuracy with a
detection rate of 6 ppbv. The IR-Leak, with 50 ppmv, has a
detection rate of 0.6 ppmv.
Infrared technology measuring principle
Non-dispersive infrared technology
Infrared source Sample gas chamber Wavelength filter Infrared detector
2,500 cm−1
The Lambert–Beer law
Α = −lg Φ = ε ∙ c ∙ l
Φ0
Infrared ray
Φ0
A: Absorption
Φ: Light intensity after absorption of
SF6 gas
Φ0: Light intensity without absorption
Infrared ray
Φ
947 cm−1
ε: Extinction coefficient
c: Concentration
l: Length of the irradiated chamber
(sample gas chamber)
21
Product overview for
SF6 gas analysis
Quality measurement
Model
GA20
GA40
GA50
GA25
GA10
Model
SF6 -Humiditor
SF6 -Hygrometer
SF6 -Purity Meter
SF6 -Aciditor
SF6 -Breaker
Dew point
Dew point
SF6 percentage
SO2 concentration
Dew point
designation
Analyser
Parameters
SF6 percentage
SO2, HF concentration
■■ Polymer
Special features
Data sheet
■■ Battery
sensor
power
SP 62.03
■■ high-accuracy
■■ Electrochemical
■■ Mains
■■ Battery
chilled mirror
sensor
operated
SP 62.07
power
SP 62.10
Quality measurement
■■ Sensor
meas-
ures the velocity
of sound
■■ Battery
power
■■ SF
6
gas quality
measurement in
modular design
■■ Battery
SP 62.04
power
SP 62.01
Accessories
Model
GA11
GFTIR-10
GA05
GA45
Model
SF6 -Q-Analyser
FTIR-Analyser
MV Pressure Regulator
SF6 Recovery bag
Dew point
SO2, HF, SF4, SOF2,
–
–
designation
Parameters
Special features
SF6 percentage
SOF4, SO2F2, S2F10, SiF4,
CO concentration
C3F8 concentration
■■ SF
■■ Laboratory
SO2, HF, H2S,
6
gas quality
measurement with
pump-back function
■■ Battery/mains
operated
Data sheet
22
SP 62.11
CO, COS, CF4, C2F6,
measure-
ment system with
spectrometer, PC and
software
■■ Mains
SP 62.17
operated
■■ Pressure
increase for
low process pressures
■■ Compatible
with all
analytic instruments
SP 62.14
■■ Space-saving
foldable
■■ 110
l capacity
■■ Overpressure
SP 62.08
as
safety
Gas analysis
Leak detection/leak test
Model
GIR-10
GA65
Model
SF6 -IR-Leak
SF6 -Tracer
0 … 50 ppmv
6 … 60,000 ppbv
designation
Parameters
0 … 2,000 ppmv
■■ Non-dispersive
Special
■■ Portable
features
■■ Switchable
Data sheet
SP 62.02
infrared sensor
■■ High-precision
battery-operated instrument
■■ Extensive
to leak rate
photo-acoustic infrared spectroscopy
programme of accessories
SP 62.13
Emission monitoring
Accessories
Model
GA35
GA38
GA33
Model
SF6 -IR-Monitor
O2 /SF6 -IR-Monitor
Multi-sampler
O2: 0.1 … 25 %
–
designation
0 … 2,000 ppmv
SF6 gas: 0 … 2,000 ppmv
Parameters
Temperature: −40 … +120 °C (optional)
Humidity: 20 … 80 % r. h. (optional)
■■ Non-dispersive
sensor
Special
features
■■ Up
infrared
to 10 measuring points
possible with GA33
■■ Non-dispersive
■■ Multiplexer
for model GA35 and
with GA33
■■ Instrument
variants for 5 or 10
­oxide for O2
■■ Adjustable
intervals
■■ Up
infrared sensor
to 10 measuring points possible
■■ Limit
current sensor from zirconium
■■ Sensor
module for temperature and hu-
GA38 emission monitors
measuring points
midity measurement in the environment
Data sheet
SP 62.06
SP 62.15
SP 62.16
23
Filling and handling equipment
Filling and handling equipment for SF6 gas are the
central tools for switchgear maintenance. The core
processes are initial filling, gas processing and refilling
of SF6 equipment. WIKA delivers a complete product
spectrum for the efficient maintenance of SF6 gasinsulated switchgear.
Typical equipment components are:
■■ Vacuum pump for filling preparation
■■ SF6 compressor (1 or 2 stage) with SF6 vacuum
compressor for extraction of SF6 gas
■■ Filter system for drying, cleaning and preparation of
SF6 gas
■■ Valves and piping systems
■■ Hoses and adapters
■■ Equipment control and visualisation
24
Filling and handling equipment
Criteria for equipment definition
1. How much SF6 gas should be transferred and in what time?
2. Which container should be installed?
Tank or gas cylinder
3. Which equipment should be maintained?
4. Which operating concept?
Volume flow or mass flow
Hose lengths and connecting parts
Automatic programmed control or manual control
5. Into which region will the equipment be delivered?
6. Where will the equipment be used?
Applicable standards
Indoor or outdoor switchgear
In accordance with the above definition, WIKA can offer
standard equipment or – with special processes and further
definition – engineer special equipment.
Model
Model designation
SF6 gas
storage
GTU-10
GFU08
GFU10
GFU20
GFU30
Portable SF6 gas
SF6 gas filling cart
SF6 gas handling
SF6 gas handling
SF6 gas handling
transfer unit
and filling equipment
and filling equipment
without
Gas cylinder
Gas tank
Gas cylinder/gas
Gas cylinder/gas
SP 63.07
SP 63.08
SP 63.01
SP 63.02
SP 63.03
vessel
Data sheet
and filling equipment
tank
tank
25
SF6 gas academy and service
Due to the climatic effects described earlier, SF6 gas is
an important topic worldwide, on which there is a need
for action to eliminate emissions. The consequences
are governmental controls with the requirement for
verification of the SF6 gas filling levels in plant. In the
seminars, WIKA informs about the applicable regulations coupled with practical knowledge for the selection
and operation of the right equipment. The SF6 gas
academy was established with the goal of establishing
and imparting “Best Practice” in the handling of SF6
gas.
The approach of the SF6 gas academy consists of exactly
this interactive approach, covering a wealth of topics:
■■ Features and behaviour
■■ Rules and regulations
■■ Emission monitoring
■■ Density measurement and humidity measurement
■■ Connecting parts
■■ Filling and handling equipment
■■ Analysis
■■ Leak detection
26
Academy and service
Imagine you could bring together experts from the field of SF6
gas lifecycle management and gain insight into best practices. Imagine you could get a demonstration of instruments
from the field of lifecycle management of SF6 gas-insulated
switchgear from the manufacturer themselves.
To strengthen the knowledge transfer, the SF6 gas academy
includes practical elements and is illustrated with live
demonstrations.
The academy can be carried out within our own company
training centre or on site at your premises.
Repair and maintenance service
Analysis service
Depending on the level of work required, we can offer our
customers a repair and maintenance service, either at
WIKA or on site.
Thanks to our experience, we are also able to offer a
comprehensive analysis service to our customers. Using
non-destructive measurement methods, an identification
and precise qualification of the main decomposition
products of SF6 gas can be made. This is also possible,
through our experts, for highly corrosive SF6 samples.
Furthermore, we are also available for the analysis and
detection of any leakages you may have.
Commissioning service
On request, we also undertake the commissioning of new
equipment for our customers. This usually involves a
detailed functional testing and detailed instruction and
training of operating personnel.
Rental service
Should our customers only require analytic and measuring
instruments for a specific period of time or a first test,
these can be rented from us.
Due to our presence worldwide, with over 43 subsidiaries,
and through our personnel with specialist training in SF6
gas, we are able to provide you with advice and assistance.
Do you require further information or have a specific
question? Then simply contact us at
SF6-sales@wika.com
27
WIKA worldwide
Europe
North America
Asia
Austria
WIKA Messgerätevertrieb
Ursula Wiegand GmbH & Co. KG
Perfektastr. 83
1230 Vienna
Tel. +43 1 8691631
Fax: +43 1 8691634
info@wika.at
www.wika.at
Romania
WIKA Instruments Romania S.R.L.
050897 Bucuresti
Calea Rahovei Nr. 266-268
Corp 61, Etaj 1
Tel. +40 21 4048327
Fax: +40 21 4563137
info@wika.ro
www.wika.ro
Canada
WIKA Instruments Ltd.
Head Office
3103 Parsons Road
Edmonton, Alberta, T6N 1C8
Tel. +1 780 4637035
Fax: +1 780 4620017
info@wika.ca
www.wika.ca
Azerbaijan
WIKA Azerbaijan LLC
Caspian Business Center
9th floor 40 J.Jabbarli str.
AZ1065 Baku
Tel. +994 12 49704-61
Fax: +994 12 49704-62
info@wika.az
www.wika.az
Taiwan
WIKA Instrumentation Taiwan Ltd.
Min-Tsu Road, Pinjen
32451 Taoyuan
Tel. +886 3 420 6052
Fax: +886 3 490 0080
info@wika.com.tw
www.wika.com.tw
Belarus
WIKA Belrus
Ul. Zaharova 50B, Office 3H
220088 Minsk
Tel. +375 17 2945711
Fax: +375 17 2945711
info@wika.by
www.wika.by
Russia
ZAO WIKA MERA
Wjatskaya Str. 27, Building 17
Office 205/206
127015 Moscow
Tel. +7 495-648018-0
Fax: +7 495-648018-1
info@wika.ru
www.wika.ru
USA
WIKA Instrument, LP
1000 Wiegand Boulevard
Lawrenceville, GA 30043
Tel. +1 770 5138200
Fax: +1 770 3385118
info@wika.com
www.wika.com
China
WIKA Instrumentation Suzhou Co., Ltd.
81, Ta Yuan Road, SND
Suzhou 215011
Tel. +86 512 6878 8000
Fax: +86 512 6809 2321
info@wika.cn
www. wika.com.cn
WIKA Process Solutions, LP.
950 Hall Court
Deer Park, TX 77536
Tel. +1 713 47500-22
Fax: +1 713 47500-11
info@wikahouston.com
www.wika.com
India
WIKA Instruments India Pvt. Ltd.
Village Kesnand, Wagholi
Pune - 412 207
Tel. +91 20 66293-200
Fax: +91 20 66293-325
sales@wika.co.in
www.wika.co.in
Thailand
WIKA Instrumentation Corporation
(Thailand) Co., Ltd.
850/7 Ladkrabang Road, Ladkrabang
Bangkok 10520
Tel. +66 2 32668-73
Fax: +66 2 32668-74
info@wika.co.th
www.wika.co.th
Benelux
WIKA Benelux
Industrial estate De Berk
Newtonweg 12
6101 WX Echt
Tel. +31 475 535500
Fax: +31 475 535446
info@wika.nl
www.wika.nl
Bulgaria
WIKA Bulgaria EOOD
Akad.Ivan Geshov Blvd. 2E
Business Center Serdika, office 3/104
1330 Sofia
Tel. +359 2 82138-10
Fax: +359 2 82138-13
info@wika.bg
www.wika.bg
Croatia
WIKA Croatia d.o.o.
Hrastovicka 19
10250 Zagreb-Lucko
Tel. +385 1 6531-034
Fax: +385 1 6531-357
info@wika.hr
www.wika.hr
Finland
WIKA Finland Oy
Melkonkatu 24
00210 Helsinki
Tel. +358 9 682492-0
Fax: +358 9 682492-70
info@wika.fi
www.wika.fi
France
WIKA Instruments s.a.r.l.
Parc d‘Affaires des Bellevues
8 rue Rosa Luxembourg
95610 Eragny-sur-Oise
Tel. +33 1 343084-84
Fax: +33 1 343084-94
info@wika.fr
www.wika.fr
Germany
WIKA Alexander Wiegand SE & Co. KG
Alexander-Wiegand-Str. 30
63911 Klingenberg
Tel. +49 9372 132-0
Fax: +49 9372 132-406
info@wika.de
www.wika.de
Italy
WIKA Italia S.r.l. & C. S.a.s.
Via G. Marconi 8
20020 Arese (Milano)
Tel. +39 02 93861-1
Fax: +39 02 93861-74
info@wika.it
www.wika.it
Poland
WIKA Polska spółka z ograniczoną
odpowiedzialnością sp. k.
Ul. Legska 29/35
87-800 Wloclawek
Tel. +48 54 230110-0
Fax: +48 54 230110-1
info@wikapolska.pl
www.wikapolska.pl
Serbia
WIKA Merna Tehnika d.o.o.
Sime Solaje 15
11060 Beograd
Tel. +381 11 2763722
Fax: +381 11 753674
info@wika.rs
www.wika.rs
Spain
Instrumentos WIKA S.A.U.
C/Josep Carner, 11-17
08205 Sabadell Barcelona
Tel. +34 933 9386-30
Fax: +34 933 9386-66
info@wika.es
www.wika.es
Switzerland
MANOMETER AG
Industriestrasse 11
6285 Hitzkirch
Tel. +41 41 91972-72
Fax: +41 41 91972-73
info@manometer.ch
www.manometer.ch
Turkey
WIKA Instruments Istanbul
Basinc ve Sicaklik Ölcme Cihazlari
Ith. Ihr. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
Bayraktar Bulvari No. 17
34775 Yukari Dudullu - Istanbul
Tel. +90 216 41590-66
Fax: +90 216 41590-97
info@wika.com.tr
www.wika.com.tr
Ukraine
TOV WIKA Prylad
M. Raskovoy Str. 11, A
PO 200
02660 Kyiv
Tel. +38 044 4968380
Fax: +38 044 4968380
info@wika.ua
www.wika.ua
United Kingdom
WIKA Instruments Ltd
Merstham, Redhill RH13LG
Tel. +44 1737 644-008
Fax: +44 1737 644-403
info@wika.co.uk
www.wika.co.uk
Mensor Corporation
201 Barnes Drive
San Marcos, TX 78666
Tel. +1 512 396-4200
Fax: +1 512 396-1820
sales@mensor.com
www.mensor.com
Latin America
Argentina
WIKA Argentina S.A.
Gral. Lavalle 3568
(B1603AUH) Villa Martelli
Buenos Aires
Tel. +54 11 47301800
Fax: +54 11 47610050
info@wika.com.ar
www.wika.com.ar
Japan
WIKA Japan K. K.
MG Shibaura Bldg. 6F
1-8-4, Shibaura, Minato-ku
Tokyo 105-0023
Tel. +81 3 5439-6673
Fax: +81 3 5439-6674
info@wika.co.jp
www.wika.co.jp
Brazil
WIKA do Brasil Ind. e Com. Ltda.
Av. Ursula Wiegand, 03
CEP 18560-000 Iperó - SP
Tel. +55 15 34599700
Fax: +55 15 32661650
vendas@wika.com.br
www.wika.com.br
Kazakhstan
TOO WIKA Kazakhstan
Raimbekstr. 169, 3rd floor
050050 Almaty
Tel. +7 727 2330848
Fax: +7 727 2789905
info@wika.kz
www.wika.kz
Chile
WIKA Chile S.p.A.
Av. Coronel Pereira 72
Oficina 101
Las Condes - Santiago de Chile
Tel. +56 2 365-1719
info@wika.cl
www.wika.cl
South Korea
WIKA Korea Ltd.
39 Gajangsaneopseo-ro Osan-si
Gyeonggi-do 447-210
Tel. +82 2 86905-05
Fax: +82 2 86905-25
info@wika.co.kr
www.wika.co.kr
Colombia
Instrumentos WIKA Colombia S.A.S.
Dorado Plaza,
Avenida Calle 26 No. 85D – 55
Local 126 y 126 A
Bogotá – Colombia
Tel. +57 1 744 3455
info@wika.co
www.wika.co
Malaysia
WIKA Instrumentation M Sdn. Bhd.
No. 27 & 29 Jalan Puteri 5/20
Bandar Puteri Puchong
47100 Puchong, Selangor
Tel. +60 3 806310-80
Fax: +60 3 806310-70
info@wika.com.my
www.wika.com.my
Mexico
Instrumentos WIKA Mexico
S.A. de C.V.
Viena 20 Ofna 301
Col. Juarez, Del. Cuauthemoc
06600 Mexico D.F.
Tel. +52 55 50205300
Fax: +52 55 50205300
ventas@wika.com
www.wika.com.mx
Philippines
WIKA Instruments Philippines, Inc.
Unit 102 Skyway Twin Towers
351 Capt. Henry Javier St.
Bgy. Oranbo, Pasig City 1600
Tel. +63 2 234-1270
Fax: +63 2 695-9043
info@wika.com.ph
www.wika.com.ph
WIKA Alexander Wiegand SE & Co. KG
Alexander-Wiegand-Straße 30 / 63911 Klingenberg / Germany
Tel. +49 9372 132-0 / Fax +49 9372 132-406
info@wika.de / www.wika.de
9018255 03/2014 GB
Iran
WIKA Instrumentation Pars Kish
(KFZ) Ltd.
Apt. 307, 3rd Floor
8-12 Vanak St., Vanak Sq., Tehran
Tel. +98 21 88206-596
Fax: +98 21 88206-623
info@wika.ir
www.wika.ir
Singapore
WIKA Instrumentation Pte. Ltd.
13 Kian Teck Crescent
628878 Singapore
Tel. +65 6844 5506
Fax: +65 6844 5507
info@wika.com.sg
www.wika.com.sg
Africa / Middle East
Egypt
WIKA Near East Ltd.
Villa No. 6, Mohamed Fahmy
Elmohdar St. - of Eltayaran St.
1st District - Nasr City - Cairo
Tel. +20 2 240 13130
Fax: +20 2 240 13113
info@wika.com.eg
www.wika.com.eg
Namibia
WIKA Instruments Namibia Pty Ltd.
P.O. Box 31263
Pionierspark
Windhoek
Tel. +26 4 61238811
Fax: +26 4 61233403
info@wika.com.na
www.wika.com.na
South Africa
WIKA Instruments Pty. Ltd.
Chilvers Street, Denver
Johannesburg, 2094
Tel. +27 11 62100-00
Fax: +27 11 62100-59
sales@wika.co.za
www.wika.co.za
United Arab Emirates
WIKA Middle East FZE
Warehouse No. RB08JB02
P.O. Box 17492
Jebel Ali, Dubai
Tel. +971 4 883-9090
Fax: +971 4 883-9198
info@wika.ae
www.wika.ae
Australia
Australia
WIKA Australia Pty. Ltd.
Unit K, 10-16 South Street
Rydalmere, NSW 2116
Tel. +61 2 88455222
Fax: +61 2 96844767
sales@wika.com.au
www.wika.com.au
New Zealand
WIKA Instruments Limited
Unit 7 / 49 Sainsbury Road
St Lukes - Auckland 1025
Tel. +64 9 8479020
Fax: +64 9 8465964
info@wika.co.nz
www.wika.co.nz