Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
Learning Expectation:
We are learning:
1. We are learning to identify and
describe four ways that light
interacts with matter
Students may be given…
Students may be asked to…
An object or a description
of an object
Classify it as opaque, translucent,
or transparent, or luminous or
nonluminous
Dates of Applicable Lessons
Knowledge and Skills
• Define the terms given above
• Provide several examples of each type of material
Resources
• Textbook reading, Hsu p 500
• http://www.ioncmaste.ca/homepage/resources/web_resources/CSA_Astro9/files/multimedia/unit3/phases
_moon/phases_moon.html This applet helps to explain why we see the phases of the moon.
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
Learning Expectation:
We are learning:
2. We are learning to use the Ray
Model of Light to understand the
optics of shadows and apertures
Students may be given…
Students may be asked to…
An object or a description
of an object
Classify it as opaque, translucent,
or transparent, or luminous or
nonluminous
A drawing or description
of a light source, mask or
block, screen
Find the location and size of the
bright spot or shadow
Dates of Applicable Lessons
Identify the umbra, penumbra,
and region of light
Determine the orientation and
shape of the resulting bright spot
Knowledge and Skills
• Describe the differences in the behavior of light in transparent, translucent, and opaque objects
• Identify examples of transparent, translucent, and opaque objects
• Provide evidence supporting the view that light travels in rays
• Draw light rays emanating from point and extended sources
• Draw lab setups of light sources, masks, and screens from top, side, and perspective viewpoints
• Use the ray model to show how moving the light source, mask, and/or screen would affect what one sees on
the screen
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
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Use the ray model to show how changing the size and shape of the aperture would affect what one sees on
the screen
Use the ray model to show how changing the size and shape of the light source would affect what one sees
on the screen
Explain penumbra formation in your own words
Use a ray diagram to explain the difference between solar and lunar eclipses
Resources
• Pinhole applet: http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=38 Applet allows students to
manipulate a light source and a pinhole mask. Your computer must have Java in order to run the applet.
• Shadow applet: http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=42 Applet allows students to
manipulate a light source and an opaque mask to investigate the formation of shadows. Your computer must
have Java in order to run the applet.
• Solar and Liunar Eclipses:
http://www.ioncmaste.ca/homepage/resources/web_resources/CSA_Astro9/files/multimedia/unit3/solar_e
clipses/solar_eclipses.html. Interactive web site allows students to see ray diagrams for eclipse formation
• Eclipse formation: http://www.scienceu.com/observatory/articles/eclipses/eclipses.html
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
Learning Expectation:
We are learning:
Students may be given…
3. Understand how light interacts
with reflective surfaces
A ray of light approaching
a mirror
Determine the direction in which
the light ray reflects
A drawing or description
of an object, mirror, and
observers
Determine the region (field of
view) where an observer must be
located to see the image of an
object in a mirror
Students may be asked to…
Dates of Applicable Lessons
Locate the image of the object
Knowledge and Skills
• Identify the angle of incidence and reflection when a light ray strikes a surface
• Use a protractor to measure or construct an angle
• Use a protractor to construct a line that is perpendicular (“normal”) to a surface
• Contrast specular reflection with diffuse reflection, and cite examples of each
• Use the law of reflection to find the image location and field of view when an object is near a mirror
• Explain the difference between real and virtual images
Resources
• Textbook reading: Hsu, pp. 442, 482, 500-502, 508
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
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Physics Classroom Tutorial: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/Class/refln/reflntoc.html Lesson 1
parts a-d, Lesson 2 parts a-d.
Multimedia Physics Studio animations: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/mmedia/optics/lr.html and
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/mmedia/optics/ifpm.html
How to use a protractor animation: http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/protractor-using.html
Law of reflection movie: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aWE4rDw_ks
Mirror and image applet: http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/oldjava/optics/mirror_e.html
Creating an image with a Plane Mirror simulation
http://web.phys.ksu.edu/vqm/laserweb/Java/MirrImge/Imageme1.htm
Mirror game: http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/oldjava/optics/mirrorgame_e.html
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
Learning Expectation:
We are learning:
4. We are learning how light
changes direction at a boundary
between two transparent
materials
Students may be given…
Students may be asked to…
A light ray approaching a
boundary between two
materials
Draw the correct path of a ray of
light when it crosses a boundary
between two media
A physical situation in
which light is refracted
Determine which material has a
greater index of refraction
Dates of Applicable Lessons
Determine in which material light
is traveling with a greater speed
Describe how refraction can cause
phenomena such as optical illusions
and dispersion
Knowledge and Skills
• Use a protractor to construct a line that is perpendicular (“normal”) to a surface where a light ray enters or
exits a material
• Identify the angles of incidence and refraction for a given light ray
• Use a protractor to measure angles of incidence and refraction
• Know the speed of light in a vacuum
• Calculate the speed of light in a medium given the medium’s index of refraction
• Provide examples of situations when refraction occurs
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
Resources
• Textbook reading: Hsu, pp. 442, 482, 500, 503-506. 525
• Physics Classroom Tutorial: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/Class/refrn/refrntoc.html see
especially Lesson 1 parts a-f
• Multimedia Physics Studio animation (“The Broken Pencil”)
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/mmedia/optics/bp.html
• Refraction of light applet
http://www.physics.uoguelph.ca/applets/Intro_physics/refraction/LightRefract.html
• Refraction of light applet. Another way to visualize light striking a boundary
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=16
• Examples of refraction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ZxG_vyZWCw
• Dispersion animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKO5vfu8Gns
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
Learning Expectation:
We are learning:
Students may be given…
5. We are learning to apply the
concept of refraction to
understand lens optics
A drawing or description
of an object (or an image)
and a lens
Students may be asked to…
Dates of Applicable Lessons
Locate the image of the object
using a ray diagram and the thin
lens equation
Describe the characteristics of
the image
Knowledge and Skills
• Identify a convex (converging) and concave (diverging) lens
• Draw the principal axis for a lens
• Define the focal point, focal length, object distance, and image distance
• Draw the three “principal” rays for concave and convex lenses
• Use the principal rays to determine where a lens will form an image
• Interpret a ray diagram to determine whether an image is real or virtual
• Distinguish between upright and inverted images
• Distinguish between enlarged and reduced images
• Use the thin lens equation to calculate where a lens will form an image
• Describe how a screen helps an observer to see an image.
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
Resources
• Textbook reading: Hsu, pp. 498-99, 507-513
• Physics Classroom Tutorial: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/Class/refrn/refrntoc.html Lesson
5, parts a-f
• Graphics of three principal rays: http://acept.asu.edu/courses/phs110/expmts/exp11a.html
• Lens applet by Fu-Kwun Hwang; click + button to change the lens type:
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=48
• Lens applets by Kiselev; shows image formation by principal and non-prncipal rays:
http://www.physics.uoguelph.ca/applets/Intro_physics/kisalev/java/clens/index.html (converging lens) and
http://www.physics.uoguelph.ca/applets/Intro_physics/kisalev/java/dlens/index.html (diverging lens)
• Optics Bench applet from Davidson; allows parallel beams of light in addition to objects
http://webphysics.davidson.edu/Applets/optics/intro.html
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
Learning Expectation:
We are learning:
6. What affects our perception
of color
Students may be given…
Students may be asked to…
Differently colored lights
shining on a white screen
Explain the color of light that is
perceived
Differently colored lights
shining through a
transparent filter or on a
colored object
Explain the color of light that is
perceived
A beam of white light
approaching a transparent
object
Explain the effect the object has
on the light
Dates of Applicable Lessons
Knowledge and Skills
• Describe how the parts of the eye allow us to see light and interpret color
• Describe the additive color process
• Draw diagrams showing how additive primary colors of light can be combined to make other colors
• Describe the subtractive color process
• Draw diagrams showing how subtractive primary colors of pigments can be combined to make other colors
• Understand how relative light intensity can affect color perception
Resources
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Assessment Guide – Geometric Optics
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Textbook reading: Hsu, pp. 483-491
Physics Classroom Tutorial: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/Class/light/lighttoc.html Lesson 2,
parts a-f
Shockwave Physics Studio: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/shwave/lights.html (color addition
lighting activity) and http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/shwave/paints.html (color subtraction
painting activity)
Three color applets from University of Texas (mixing light, mixing pigments, color printing)
http://pdukes.phys.utb.edu/PhysApplets/Colors/TabbedcolorBox.html
Color subtraction applet using filters
http://mc2.cchem.berkeley.edu/java/absorption/java%20classes/absorption.html
Two colo perception applets from University of Colorado (color addition using three bulbs; color subtraction
using a single bulb and a filter): http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Color_Vision
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